CN108476845B - Directional cultivation method for carya illinoensis crown - Google Patents
Directional cultivation method for carya illinoensis crown Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108476845B CN108476845B CN201810256897.2A CN201810256897A CN108476845B CN 108476845 B CN108476845 B CN 108476845B CN 201810256897 A CN201810256897 A CN 201810256897A CN 108476845 B CN108476845 B CN 108476845B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- bud
- branches
- buds
- carya illinoensis
- stem
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a directional cultivation method of carya illinoensis crowns, and belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation. The method adopts a novel plant growth regulator to treat the sprout of the carya illinoensis, and cultivates a sparse-layer tree crown which is guided by a main trunk and directionally and uniformly distributed by lateral branches, and the tree-shaped main branch and the main trunk are firmly combined, so that the bearing capacity is high, and the tree body has long service life; the main branches are dispersed layer by layer, ventilation and light transmission are realized, the formation of short bearing branches and flower buds of the carya illinoensis is facilitated, the purposes of high early bearing yield, stable early bearing yield and stable full bearing yield of the carya illinoensis in the young period are achieved, and the application and popularization values are high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for directionally cultivating carya illinoensis crowns.
Background
Carya illinoensis (Carya illinoensis) is a high-volume arbor of deciduous (Carya) genus Carya of juglandaceae family (Julandaceae), a world-famous economic tree species of dry fruit. The apocarya is originally produced in the United states, introduction of apocarya in China has been in history for more than hundred years, and in recent years, domestic scientific research institutes and production units have achieved some scientific research achievements in the aspects of fine variety breeding, variety selection, cultivation and other technologies of the apocarya, but the technologies are not mature and perfect in the aspects of orchard management, early fruit high yield cultivation and the like. At present, in the construction of apocarya orchards, mainly referring to a mode of constructing orchards of walnuts, Chinese chestnuts and other fruit trees, after nursery stocks are planted, trimming and shaping modes such as cutting off bare-rooted branches, overlapping branches and the like are adopted, so that nutrients are inefficiently consumed, the tree vigor is weakened, and reproductive growth is also inhibited; although the flower and fruit bearing can be promoted by using methods such as girdling, cutting and the like, the diseases such as dry rot, canker and the like are easily caused by factors such as climate, improper operation and the like, the flower and fruit dropping phenomenon is caused, and the yield is influenced. Therefore, in order to improve the premature delivery and stable yield of the apocarya planting, the ideal fruiting tree form is cultured by manual intervention in the juvenile period according to the biological characteristics of the apocarya, the high-yield cultivation technology for popularizing the main branch cutting, selecting and reserving and staggering early fruits in a layering way is developed, and the innovation of the cultivation and operation mode is realized.
The invention patent related to the cultivation of carya illinoensis tree forms and other methods is disclosed after the study and the innovation. For example, the application No. CN201510026737.5, the name is a method for quickly cultivating the crown of apocarya; [ application No. ] CN201010290707.2, [ name ] thin shell hickory nut early fruit high yield shaping method; the tree form cultivation and other contents of the invention patent are different from the content of the method essentially.
Through years of production practice, the applicant innovatively improves the carya illinoensis tree form cultivation technology, the novel plant growth regulator is applied to treat the sprouting of the carya illinoensis trunk, the carya illinoensis trunk is guided by the trunk and directionally germinates side branches into sparse layer-shaped tree crowns which are uniformly distributed through artificial intervention cultivation, the damage of branch trimming and shaping to the growth of young trees is avoided or reduced, and the cost of high-yield orchard management is greatly reduced; the conical crown with layered main branches and light transmission and ventilation is cultivated at the initial stage of orchard construction, and the purposes of high early fruit yield of carya illinoensis at the young stage and stable yield of carya illinoensis at the middle stage and the mature stage are achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide the conical crown which is simple and easy to operate, can be used for efficiently and directionally cultivating the apocarya in a stem guide way, layering main branches and transmitting light and ventilating, and achieves the purposes of high early fruit yield, and stable early fruit yield and full fruit yield of the apocarya in the young period.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to realize the aim, the invention discloses a method for directionally cultivating carya illinoensis crown, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method for directionally cultivating the carya illinoensis crown is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) cultivation in the first year:
A. planting the nursery stock: in early spring, 1-year-old improved-variety grafting container seedlings which are strong in growth and free of diseases and insect pests are selected, the height of the seedlings is larger than 180cm, the seedlings are planted in a field at a row spacing of 6m by 8m, and 5kg of organic fertilizer with the organic matter content of more than or equal to 45% and the total nutrient content of more than or equal to 5% is applied to planting holes;
B. dryness fixation and eye injury: selecting 1.5cm above 1 full bud slightly below the top of the stem in the step (1) before sprouting, selecting 1 bud with the stem being 130cm away from the ground according to the height of the stem, transversely cutting the position 0.3-0.5 cm above the bud by a sharp knife disinfected by 75% alcohol until the bud reaches the xylem, selecting 2 nd, 3 rd, 4 th or 5 th buds from the bottom to the top at intervals of 20-30 cm, transversely cutting the selected buds at the stem position in a spiral shape for later cultivation into 3-5 bone stem branches in different directions;
C. hormone treatment: applying the prepared hormone solution on bud bodies with fixed stems, retained buds and eye injuries by using a brush or a cotton swab when bud buds of bud buds open and the tooth tips are exposed;
D. and (3) water and fertilizer management: 30g to 50g of urea (containing 46 percent of N) is applied to each plant every 15 days between 6 months and 5 days between 7 months and 5 days, and potassium hydrophosphate (K) is applied to the plants at the bottom of 7 months253% O), calcium superphosphate (P)2O512%) 50 g/plant, ensuring soil to be moist, and ensuring the field water holding capacity of the soil to be 70-80%;
E. branch pulling treatment: c, pulling the branches germinated and grown in the step C and the central trunk of the nursery stock to be 70-90 degrees by using an angle opener or a branch puller of the fruit tree at the bottom of 8-9 months;
(2) and (5) cultivating in the second year: the trunk of the nursery stock in the step (1) is fixed dry again before sprouting in the next early spring, and the hormone in the step (1) is used for treating the remained buds below the cut;
(3) and (5) cultivating in the third year: and (3) growing the nursery stock in the step (2) for two years, wherein the growing height of the trunk of the young tree reaches 300-400 cm, and the distance between the 3 reserved bone branches is about 200-300 cm upwards, and then selecting and culturing 3-4 layered bone branches according to the method in the step (1).
2. The method for directionally cultivating carya illinoensis crowns as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1) C, the hormone is 6 benzylaminopurine (6BA)40 mg.L-1+ Gibberellin (GA)3)20mg·L-1+ Brassinosteroids (BR)5 mg. L-1An aqueous solution of (a).
Advantageous effects
When the bud tip of the carya illinoensis bud is germinated, the bud tip can be exposed, the expected effect can be achieved by using trace novel plant growth hormone for treatment, the untreated bud is inhibited and does not germinate, and the bud injured by eyes grows into a robust lateral branch under the concentrated supply of tree nutrients; the test result shows that: the combination 2 is the best phytohormone mixed solution, the growth amount of the treated branches is higher, the growth amount of the treated branches is very different from that of the control, the combination 1 and the hair spray, and the growth amount of the treated branches is not significantly different from that of the combinations 3, 4 and 5 (Table 1). The method has the innovation that the damage to the growth of the saplings caused by branch pruning and shaping operations is avoided or reduced, so that the cost for building the high-yield orchard is greatly reduced. Conical crowns with layered main branches, up-down staggering, inserting and selecting and dredging are quickly cultivated at the initial stage of orchard construction, the purposes of high early fruit yield, stable initial fruit period and full fruit period of the carya illinoensis at the young stage are achieved, and the method has high application and popularization values.
TABLE 1 growth of Carya illinoensis buds treated with auxins
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of tree form cultivation in year 1 and year 2
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of tree form cultivation in year 3 and 4
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of tree form cultivation
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated below by using the cultivation of the improved variety of Carya illinoensis grafted seedling as an example, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
(1) Cultivation in the first year:
A. planting the nursery stock: in early spring, selecting 1-year-old 'Boni' improved variety grafting container seedlings of carya illinoensis, which are robust in growth and free of diseases and insect pests, wherein the height of the seedlings is more than 180cm, planting the seedlings in a field at a row spacing of 6m by 8m, and applying 5kg of organic fertilizer with the organic matter content of more than or equal to 45% and the total nutrient content of more than or equal to 5% to planting holes;
B. dryness fixation and eye injury: selecting 1.5cm above 1 full bud slightly below the top of the stem in the step (1) before sprouting, selecting 1 bud with the stem being 130cm away from the ground according to the height of the stem, transversely cutting the position 0.3-0.5 cm above the bud by a sharp knife disinfected by 75% alcohol until the bud reaches the xylem, selecting 2 nd, 3 rd, 4 th or 5 th buds from the bottom to the top at intervals of 20-30 cm, transversely cutting the selected buds at the stem position in a spiral shape for later cultivation into 3-5 bone stem branches in different directions;
C. hormone treatment: using brush pen or cotton swab to make prepared 6 benzylaminopurine (6BA)40 mg.L-1+ Gibberellin (GA)3)20mg·L-1+ Brassinosteroids (BR)5 mg. L-1The aqueous solution of hormone is smeared on the bud bodies with fixed stem, retained buds and eye injury and is needed to be carried out when bud buds of bud sprouting open and the tooth tips are exposed;
D. and (3) water and fertilizer management: 30 g-50 g of urea (containing 46% of N) is applied to each plant every 15d for 6 months, 5 days to 7 months and 5 days, and potassium sulfate (K) is applied to the plant at the end of 7 months253% O), calcium superphosphate (P)2O512%) 50 g/plant, ensuring soil to be moist, and ensuring the field water holding capacity of the soil to be 70-80%;
E. branch pulling treatment: c, pulling the branches germinated and grown in the step C and the central trunk of the nursery stock to be 70-90 degrees by using an angle opener or a branch puller of the fruit tree at the bottom of 8-9 months;
(2) and (5) cultivating in the second year: the trunk of the nursery stock in the step (1) is fixed dry again before sprouting in the next early spring, and the hormone in the step (1) is used for treating the remained buds below the cut;
(3) and (5) cultivating in the third year: and (3) growing the nursery stock in the step (2) for two years, wherein the growing height of the trunk of the young tree reaches 300-400 cm, and the distance between the 3 reserved bone branches is about 200-300 cm upwards, and then selecting and culturing 3-4 layered bone branches according to the method in the step (1).
Claims (2)
1. The method for directionally cultivating the carya illinoensis crown is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) cultivation in the first year:
A. planting the nursery stock: in early spring, 1-year-old improved-variety grafting container seedlings which are robust in growth and free of diseases and insect pests are selected, the height of the seedlings is larger than 180cm, the seedlings are planted in a field at a row spacing of 6m by 8m, and 5kg of organic fertilizer with the organic matter content of more than or equal to 45% and the total nutrient content of more than or equal to 5% is applied to a single-plant planting hole;
B. dryness fixation and eye injury: selecting 1.5cm above 1 full bud slightly below the top of the stem in the step (1) before sprouting, selecting 1 bud with the stem at 130cm above the ground according to the height of the stem, transversely cutting the position 0.3-0.5 cm above the bud by a sharp knife disinfected by 75% alcohol until the bud reaches the xylem, transversely cutting the 2 nd, 3 rd, 4 th or 5 th buds at intervals of 20-30 cm from bottom to top, and spirally arranging the selected buds at the stem position for later cultivation into 3-5 bone stem branches in different directions;
C. hormone treatment: applying the prepared hormone solution on bud bodies with fixed stems, retained buds and eye injuries by using a brush or a cotton swab when bud buds of bud buds open and the tooth tips are exposed;
D. and (3) water and fertilizer management: 30 g-50 g of urea with the N content of 46 percent is applied every 15 days between 6 months and 5 days between 7 months and 5 days, and K is applied at the bottom of 7 months2Potassium sulfate and P with O of 53%2O5The calcium superphosphate is 50 g/plant of 12 percent, so as to ensure the soil to be moist, and the field water holding capacity of the soil is 70 to 80 percent;
E. branch pulling treatment: c, pulling the branches germinated and grown in the step C and the central trunk of the nursery stock to be 70-90 degrees by using an angle opener or a branch puller of the fruit tree at the bottom of 8-9 months;
(2) and (5) cultivating in the second year: the trunk of the nursery stock in the step (1) is fixed dry again before sprouting in the next early spring, and the hormone in the step (1) is used for treating the remained buds below the cut;
(3) and (5) cultivating in the third year: and (3) growing the nursery stock in the step (2) for two years, wherein the growing height of the trunk of the sapling reaches 300-400 cm, and selecting and culturing 3-4 layered bone branches according to the method in the step (1) at the upward distance of 200-300 cm of 3-5 bone branches kept in the step (1).
2. The carya illinoensis crown directional cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1) C, the hormone is 6-benzylaminopurine 6-BA 40 mg.L-1+ gibberellin GA320mg·L-1+ brassinosteroids BR5 mg. L-1An aqueous solution of (a).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810256897.2A CN108476845B (en) | 2018-03-09 | 2018-03-09 | Directional cultivation method for carya illinoensis crown |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810256897.2A CN108476845B (en) | 2018-03-09 | 2018-03-09 | Directional cultivation method for carya illinoensis crown |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108476845A CN108476845A (en) | 2018-09-04 |
| CN108476845B true CN108476845B (en) | 2019-12-24 |
Family
ID=63337500
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810256897.2A Active CN108476845B (en) | 2018-03-09 | 2018-03-09 | Directional cultivation method for carya illinoensis crown |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108476845B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109392579A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-03-01 | 杨荣飞 | A kind of thin fragrant walnut dwarfing premature labor acclimation method |
| CN111937668A (en) * | 2020-08-30 | 2020-11-17 | 江苏水木农景股份有限公司 | Pruning method for improving apocarya yield |
Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101322468A (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2008-12-17 | 邱富兴 | Early fructification and high yield method of American Illinois nut early |
| CN102017883A (en) * | 2010-09-21 | 2011-04-20 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Early-bearing high-yield shaping method for carya illinoensis |
| CN103039254A (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2013-04-17 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Seedling growing method of apocarya |
| CN103181284A (en) * | 2013-01-21 | 2013-07-03 | 浙江农林大学 | Hardwood cutting method for Carya illinoensis |
| CN103875501A (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2014-06-25 | 南京农业大学 | Method for yearly pruning apocarya for multiple bearing branch cultivation |
| CN104542159A (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2015-04-29 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Method for quickly cultivating carya pecan tree crown |
| CN104584974A (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2015-05-06 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Apocarya hedgerow-shaped tree form and shaping method thereof |
| CN105340678A (en) * | 2015-12-05 | 2016-02-24 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Clonal propagation method of Chinese walnuts |
| CN105981544A (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2016-10-05 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Sapling axillary bud flower formation technology for Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch |
| CN107371967A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-11-24 | 阜阳市新丰种业有限公司 | A kind of trimming measure of apocarya |
-
2018
- 2018-03-09 CN CN201810256897.2A patent/CN108476845B/en active Active
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101322468A (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2008-12-17 | 邱富兴 | Early fructification and high yield method of American Illinois nut early |
| CN102017883A (en) * | 2010-09-21 | 2011-04-20 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Early-bearing high-yield shaping method for carya illinoensis |
| CN103039254A (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2013-04-17 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Seedling growing method of apocarya |
| CN103181284A (en) * | 2013-01-21 | 2013-07-03 | 浙江农林大学 | Hardwood cutting method for Carya illinoensis |
| CN103875501A (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2014-06-25 | 南京农业大学 | Method for yearly pruning apocarya for multiple bearing branch cultivation |
| CN104542159A (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2015-04-29 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Method for quickly cultivating carya pecan tree crown |
| CN104584974A (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2015-05-06 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Apocarya hedgerow-shaped tree form and shaping method thereof |
| CN105981544A (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2016-10-05 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Sapling axillary bud flower formation technology for Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch |
| CN105340678A (en) * | 2015-12-05 | 2016-02-24 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Clonal propagation method of Chinese walnuts |
| CN107371967A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-11-24 | 阜阳市新丰种业有限公司 | A kind of trimming measure of apocarya |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN108476845A (en) | 2018-09-04 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN107996166B (en) | Rapid cuttage breeding method for catalpa bungei | |
| CN110313341B (en) | Macadamia nut container large seedling cultivation method | |
| CN103181286B (en) | Method for overcoming topophysis in vegetative propagation of gingkoes | |
| CN102870583A (en) | Fruit cucumber cultivation method | |
| CN103798049A (en) | Lonicera japonica twig cutting cultivation method | |
| CN113348954A (en) | Sweet cherry root zone limited cultivation method in warm and humid regions in south | |
| CN110731221B (en) | Method for branching oranges in Wo mode | |
| CN103314748B (en) | Seedling raising method of highbred honeysuckles | |
| CN108476845B (en) | Directional cultivation method for carya illinoensis crown | |
| CN107278769A (en) | It is a kind of to promote the beautiful seedling of hybridization with a smile to do sth. in advance the method bloomed | |
| CN109315163A (en) | A kind of method of Chinese Fir Seed Orchards elite stand shortening trimming high yield | |
| JP2013252086A (en) | Method for manufacturing potted grape | |
| CN109769489B (en) | High-position grafting method for multiple varieties of pumpkins | |
| CN106954507A (en) | A kind of evening real walnut Early Paleozoic strata carves bud trimming new method | |
| CN105746280A (en) | Ginkgo nursery-grown plant stumping and rejuvenating method | |
| CN110754242A (en) | Sweet cherry cylindrical shaping and trimming method suitable for labor-saving operation | |
| CN113575590B (en) | Cultivation method for promoting gingko to bloom and bear fruits | |
| CN1248571C (en) | Tamarix chinensis arboriculture technique | |
| CN109197314B (en) | Method for constructing and maintaining scion orchard of dalbergia odorifera | |
| CN111201934B (en) | Intermediate stock rooting cultivation method for avocados | |
| CN113317100A (en) | Cherry round-table type close planting cultivation technology | |
| CN113100071A (en) | Micro-cuttage rapid-propagation seedling raising method for eucalyptus rugosus | |
| CN109588189B (en) | Cultivation method of lemon tree body | |
| CN113317099A (en) | Cherry round-table type close planting cultivation technology suitable for greenhouse cultivation | |
| CN109105122B (en) | Method for quickly building garden on big walnut tree and grafting method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information |
Inventor after: Dou Quanqin Inventor after: Xue Xingjian Inventor after: Luo Qun Inventor before: The inventor has waived the right to be mentioned |
|
| CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information | ||
| TA01 | Transfer of patent application right |
Effective date of registration: 20190729 Address after: 211153 No. 109 Danyang Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province Applicant after: Jiangsu Provincial Forest Science Research Inst. Applicant after: Jiangsu Lin Feng Greening Engineering Co., Ltd. Address before: 225323 East Side of Yangtze River Avenue in Diaopu Street Jiepai Community, Gaogang District, Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province Applicant before: Jiangsu Lin Feng Greening Engineering Co., Ltd. |
|
| TA01 | Transfer of patent application right | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |