CN106613642A - Light and simple pruning method for pear trees - Google Patents
Light and simple pruning method for pear trees Download PDFInfo
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- CN106613642A CN106613642A CN201611021096.5A CN201611021096A CN106613642A CN 106613642 A CN106613642 A CN 106613642A CN 201611021096 A CN201611021096 A CN 201611021096A CN 106613642 A CN106613642 A CN 106613642A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a light and simple pruning method for pear trees, wherein the method comprises the following steps: A, a temporary branch is cultured ; B, a dorsal bud is treated; C, a dorsal branch, a dense branch and an excess peripheral extension branch are treated; D, a young sprout over 15cm is treated; E, a water sprout is treated. The method is characteristic in that an operation is simple, without using clippers and saws for guiding the shoots to an established target, controllable, a contradiction between tree vegetative growth and reproductive growth can be adjusted perfectly. The method is capable of achieving the balance between tree ventilation and nutrition and reaching high quality and stable results.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree technical field, is more particularly to a kind of method that pear tree is pruned.
Background technology
Pear, in the rose family (Rosaceae) Maloideae (Maloideae) pear (Pyrus) plant, is tall this fallen leaves
Fruit tree, is that China three one of cultivates apple trees greatly, and very important status is also occupied in the world.Pears are the important cultivation fruits of China
Tree, Ministry of Agriculture's statistics in 2015,112.7 ten thousand hectares of Chinese theatre area accounts for the world theatre gross area 71.9%；The operatic circle yield
1869.9 ten thousand tons, account for the 68.6% of world's the operatic circle total output；Area and yield account for the first in the world.The operatic circle production is always China
The mainstay industry that increasing peasant income are got rich, is also one of main farm produce that China's export is earned foreign exchange.
Pear tree cultivation is long the production cycle, and technical requirements are high, quantity-produced industry.It is pear tree cultivation management that pear tree is pruned
Important means in measure, can make pear tree have the tree-like of neat and consistent, implement the every management in theatre more convenient.Rationally repair
Cut, can both save agricultural chemicals, fertilizer, ventilation and penetrating light condition can be improved again, reduce the generation of pest and disease damage, reduce orchard production cost,
Regulation and control fruit output and quality.Traditional pear tree is pruned, and often only carries out in the winter time, and uncontrollable factor is very big, easily causes and pruned
Weight, next year sprouts a large amount of nutrition and gives birth to branch, causes nutrient growth and reproductive growth disequilibrium, affects the second annual production.
Pear tree tradition pruning method is winter pruning.The pruning time：Pear tree rest period；Pruning method：The first step is to go
Fall to grow overstocked bough, second step is the annual shoot for removing great quantities of spare, the 3rd step is that the periphery on short circuit skeleton branch is prolonged
Long shoot, the 4th step is the long excessive or weak fruitful branch of retraction.This pruning method is easily caused prunes overweight, and next year sprouts
A large amount of nutrition life branches, cause nutrient growth and reproductive growth disequilibrium, affect the second annual production.Bough is gone to employ saw,
High labor intensive；Climbing ladder was wanted when removing high-order bit annual shoot, operation difficulty is big.The greatest problem of presence is bad assurance
Branch amount, and the nutrition branch for staying are stayed not necessarily by the target development pruned, poor controllability.
For many years, how we all around carrying out pear tree and prune improving the problem of the operatic circle quality and having carried out a large amount of science and grind
Study carefully and test, summary invents the pruning method that a kind of pear tree gently simplifies.This method is to adopt various technologies in the Growth of Pear Trees phase
Means, motionless scissors and saw, guide branch to develop to set target, and controllability is strong, simple to operation, the key of solution
Problem is well to adjust trunk infusion growth and the contradiction of reproductive growth, reaches the mesh of tree body ventilation and penetrating light and nutrient balance
, realize the effect of high quality and stable yield.The winter pruning amount of labour used is solved simultaneously big, Fertilizer application is wasted asks with pear tree Alternate bearing
Topic.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is for the traditional pear tree winter pruning amount of labour used in pears scientific research, breeding and production is big, the operatic circle
The problems such as quality decline and pear tree biennial bearing, there is provided what a kind of pear tree gently simplified repair subtracts method, solve the winter pruning amount of labour used it is big,
Growth of Pear Trees amount is big, insect pest preventing and controlling is difficult, Fertilizer application is wasted and the problems such as pear tree Alternate bearing.
The pruning method that a kind of pear tree gently simplifies, it is characterised in that comprise the steps：
1. when pear tree leaf bud starts to sprout, reasonable position is selected to carry out quarter bud, branch is brought up in culture；
Carve bud method：Full leaf bud is selected, above it at 1～2cm, is drawn 2～3 times with small-sized hacksaw blade is horizontal, scarfing is deeply wooden
Matter portion top layer, of length no more than limb trunk diameter 1/2；The nutrition branch of stalwartness is grown at this by carving bud, is cultivated as branch is brought up；
The effect for bringing up branch is to replace secondary scaffold branch and small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster, and secondary scaffold branch, small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster are updated into one per 3～5 years
Secondary, renewal will be cultivated in advance for first 1～2 year；
2. when pear tree leaf bud launches, back bud of erasing；
Bud picking method：The bud of firm lamina is removed from base portion, the position will no longer send out shoot；
The back bud is to point to raw in major branch, the bud of secondary scaffold branch back, upright growth after sprouting；
3. when young sprout grows into 5cm, back branch of erasing, dense branches and unnecessary periphery extend branch；
Bud picking method：Young sprout is removed from base portion, stub is not stayed, the position will no longer send out branch；
The back branch is to point to life in major branch, the nutrition branch of secondary scaffold branch back, upright growth；
The dense branches are to point to the raw nutrition branch being spaced closely together on major branch, secondary scaffold branch, central authorities leader are dry, or are sprouted at a bud
Raw multiple nutrition branches；
The branch that extends is to point to the raw nutrition branch on the dry top of major branch, secondary scaffold branch and central authorities leader, within general top 30cm
Only retain the nutrition branch that 1 single shaft periphery extends；
4. when young sprout grows into 15cm, pinching；
Pinching method：The raw all new slightly top on major branch, secondary scaffold branch and central authorities leader are dry is extractd, its rapid life is controlled
It is long；Hereafter the young sprout for continuing to grow out after two weeks is by pinching is all removed, 4～5 times repeatedly, until stopping growing；
5. the branch of excessive growth is removed；The annual shoot of the raw not full vertical growth of thorax in tree crown；
Pruning method：Erase from base portion in time, do not stay stub, remove in time with duration.
The pruning method of the present invention is summer pruning.The pruning time：The Growth of Pear Trees phase；Pruning method：Carve bud, bud picking, smear
The tip, pinching, motionless scissors and saw, guide branch to develop to set target, and controllability is strong, simple to operation, solution
Key issue is well to adjust trunk infusion growth and the contradiction of reproductive growth, reaches tree body ventilation and penetrating light and nutrient balance
Purpose, realize the effect of high quality and stable yield.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is traditional pruning method Growth status situation map；
Fig. 2 is that the inventive method prunes Growth status situation map.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention is further illustrated：
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings so that pear tree " 3+1 " is tree-like as an example：Basic framework adds central authorities leader to do for three scaffold limbs, on each major branch
With 1～2 secondary scaffold branch, major branch, secondary scaffold branch and central authorities leader dry direct raw fruitful branch or small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
Referring to Fig. 1, it is that the overstocked bough of growth is removed in winter pruning that Fig. 1 is traditional pruning method, and Mowing frequency is big, three
Scaffold limb increment is big, causes nutrition branch excessive, and nutrient growth is excessively prosperous, affects reproductive growth, dose to need to increase.
Referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is that inventive method prunes Growth status situation map, and summer pruning removes the growth branch of excessive growth, and three is big
Major branch increment is relatively small, and nutrient growth and reproductive growth are coordinated relatively, overcome biennial bearing, reach tree body ventilation and penetrating light and battalion
The purpose of balance is supported, the effect of high quality and stable yield is realized, yield is also than Fig. 1 volume increase 8%.The process of Jing the method efficiently solves pears section
Grind, the pear tree winter pruning amount of labour used is big, Fertilizer application is wasted in breeding and production, the operatic circle quality decline and pear tree biennial bearing etc. are asked
Topic.
Specific implementation method and step：
1. when pear tree leaf bud starts to sprout, select reasonable position to carry out quarter bud, branch is brought up in culture.Carve bud method：Select full leaf
Bud, above it at 1～2cm, is drawn 2～3 times with small-sized hacksaw blade is horizontal, and scarfing gos deep into xylem top layer, of length no more than limb
Trunk diameter 1/2.The nutrition branch of stalwartness can be grown at this by carving bud, is cultivated as branch is brought up.The effect for bringing up branch is to replace sub-
Major branch and small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster, according to different cultivars feature secondary scaffold branch, small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster are updated once per 3～5 years, more
Newly will cultivate in advance within first 1～2 year.
2. when pear tree leaf bud launches, back bud of erasing.Bud picking method：With thumb and forefinger by the bud of firm lamina from base portion
Remove, the position will no longer send out shoot.Back bud is to point to raw in major branch, the bud of secondary scaffold branch back, upright life after sprouting
It is long.
3. when young sprout grows into 5cm, back branch of erasing, dense branches and unnecessary periphery extend branch.Bud picking method：Use big thumb
Refer to and forefinger removes young sprout from base portion, do not stay stub, the position will no longer send out branch.Back branch is to point to life in major branch, sub- master
The nutrition branch of branch back, upright growth.Dense branches are to point to raw doing in major branch, secondary scaffold branch, central authorities leader to be spaced closely together
Nutrition branch, or at a bud germinate multiple nutrition branches.It is to point to raw doing in major branch, secondary scaffold branch and central authorities leader to push up to extend branch
The nutrition branch at end, only retains the nutrition branch that 1 single shaft periphery extends within general top 30cm.
4. when young sprout grows into 15cm, pinching.Pinching method：With thumb and forefinger incite somebody to action it is raw major branch, secondary scaffold branch and
All new slightly top on central authorities leader is dry is extractd, and is controlled it and is mushroomed out（Branch, periphery is brought up to extend branch and less than 15cm length
It is new slightly except）.Hereafter the young sprout for continuing to grow out after two weeks is by pinching is all removed, 4～5 times repeatedly, until stopping
Only grow.
5. the branch of excessive growth is removed.The annual shoot of the raw not full vertical growth of thorax in tree crown.Pruning method：In time from base
Portion erases, and does not stay stub, removes in time with duration.
Experiment illustration 1：2013rd, Jin Jing's pears in 2014 and 2015 adopt this method and winter pruning conventional method pair in continuous 3 years
Dose and laxative number of times compare.
Specifically carve bud principle：
1st, bud principle is carved：
Enable fruit tree to carve bud technology to play a part of to improve fruit output and quality, need spring in good time and moment bud,
And will correctly with quarter bud technology.
Fruit tree carves bud, can direction and location culture skeleton branch, build good tree management；Concentrate nutrition formed it is high-quality in
Branch, brachyplast, further cultivation results branch group makes tree precocity fruiting.Carving bud can also augment scarce branch, correct hat partially, curb the violent and assist the weak, and adjust
Shoot growth, balances tree vigo(u)r, makes tree stable yields.
Can bud be carved substantially function as described above, and it is crucial that bud and moment bud are carved in good time.Direction and location carves bud, and the time for carving bud will
Earlier, preferably carving bud during " Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) " to " Spring Equinox "；The quarter bud of middle branch, brachyplast is inspired by carving bud, can be before " Clear and Bright "
After carve bud.Bud is carved too early, is easily endured cold by quarter bud；Carve bud too late, after carving bud sprouting, the branch of extraction stops growing morning, branch
Blade is few, and leaf area is little, and hardly possible is into flower.Select to carve the bud date it is noted that weather conditions, avoid cold current invasion and attack.
Must conscientiously operate when the 2nd, carving bud：Cautiously determine the bud number to be carved, according to breediness, tree vigo(u)r is strong and weak, the growing way of branch,
Branch adnation position, and the purpose of bud is carved, determine to carve bud number.Bud number is carved, in general, common variety is more than Spur Type
Kind；The low kind of the germination rate kind high more than germination rate.The strong tree of tree vigo(u)r can carve bud more, and the tree of the tree vigo(u)r golden mean of the Confucian school will be after a little while
Bud, thin and delicate long shoot should not then carve bud.Bud on sturdy long shoot can be carved more, and bud should not be then carved on thin and delicate long shoot.Skeleton branch
On bud after a little while, carve in auxiliary support branch bud can with some more, but also should not bud bud all carve, in order to avoid cause tree-like disorder.
Direction and location carves bud, to be close to bud acrimoniously, apart from 1～2 millimeter of lower knife of bud point, but should not injure sprout, and lower knife is exerted oneself
It is uniform, somewhat it is carved into xylem.Typically inspire the quarter bud of middle branch, brachyplast, the edge of a knife will away from sprout some, the edge of a knife is away from sprout 5
Millimeter, quarter it is lighter, only scratch cortex, do not hinder xylem, but only can not scratch epidermis and draw impermeable cortex.Carve bud behaviour
Make, accurately to grasp the edge of a knife and the distance by quarter bud, weight of exerting oneself during quarter and the depth carved, be related to the effect for carving bud, be also
Carve the key of bud success or failure.The edge of a knife is too near with sprout distance, easily hinders sprout；Away from too far away, bud is difficult to sprout.Carve bud to overexert,
Hinder xylem too deep, branch frangibility；That what is carved is too light, does not carve transdermal layer and is then difficult to produce effects.
Table 1：Using this method Jin Jing's pears dose and laxative number of times are compared with conventional method
Table 1：Using this method Jin Jing's pears dose and laxative number of times are compared with conventional method
。
Experiment illustration 2：2013rd, Jin Jing's pears in 2014 and 2015 adopt this method and winter pruning routine side in continuous 3 years
Method compares fruit quality and single plant yield.
Table 2：Using this method Jin Jing's pear fruit quality and single plant yield are compared with conventional method
Table 2：Using this method Jin Jing's pear fruit quality and single plant yield are compared with conventional method
。
Found out by experiment illustration 1 and experiment illustration 2, after 2013 are pruned using this method, per plant of fertilising 1Kg（15-
15-15）Composite fertilizer, than the conventional Kg of pruning method Shaoshi composite fertilizer 0.5；Annual laxative number of times is 8 times, than conventional pruning side
Method is gone and buy Chinese medicine less 2 times；Soluble solid is 10.2%, higher than conventional pruning method by 0.6%；Single plant yield is 23.2 Kg, than routine
High 1 Kg of pruning method.After 2014 are pruned using this method, per plant of fertilising 1Kg（15-15-15）Composite fertilizer, than normal
The Kg of rule pruning method Shaoshi composite fertilizer 0.5；Annual laxative number of times is 8 times, fewer than conventional pruning method to go and buy Chinese medicine 2 times；Solubility is solid
Shape thing is 10.5%, higher than conventional pruning method by 0.7%；Single plant yield is 31.5 Kg, 1.7 Kg higher than conventional pruning method；
After 2015 are pruned using this method, per plant of fertilising 1Kg（15-15-15）Composite fertilizer, it is more multiple than conventional pruning method Shaoshi
The Kg of Hefei 0.5；Annual laxative number of times is 8 times, fewer than conventional pruning method to go and buy Chinese medicine 2 times；Soluble solid is 10%, than routine
Pruning method is high by 0.6%；Single plant yield is 36.2Kg, 1.7 Kg higher than conventional pruning method.
2013 in sum, Jin Jing's pears in 2014 and 2015 fertilizer application amount can be reduced using this method in continuous 3 years
More than 30%, reduce Pesticide use amount 20% or so, the operatic circle yield increase by more than 8%, the operatic circle soluble solid increase by 0.5%
More than.Therefore the operatic circle quality can be improved using this method, solution winter pruning pruning rate is big, laxative is difficult, the amount of labour used is big, fertile
Material uses waste and pear tree Alternate bearing problem.
Claims (1)
1. the pruning method that a kind of pear tree gently simplifies, it is characterised in that comprise the steps：
1. when pear tree leaf bud starts to sprout, reasonable position is selected to carry out quarter bud, branch is brought up in culture；
Carve bud method：Full leaf bud is selected, above it at 1～2cm, is drawn 2～3 times with small-sized hacksaw blade is horizontal, scarfing is deeply wooden
Matter portion top layer, of length no more than limb trunk diameter 1/2；The nutrition branch of stalwartness is grown at this by carving bud, is cultivated as branch is brought up；
The effect for bringing up branch is to replace secondary scaffold branch and small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster, and secondary scaffold branch, small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster are updated into one per 3～5 years
Secondary, renewal will be cultivated in advance for first 1～2 year；
2. when pear tree leaf bud launches, back bud of erasing；
Bud picking method：The bud of firm lamina is removed from base portion, the position will no longer send out shoot；
The back bud is to point to raw in major branch, the bud of secondary scaffold branch back, upright growth after sprouting；
3. when young sprout grows into 5cm, back branch of erasing, dense branches and unnecessary periphery extend branch；
Bud picking method：Young sprout is removed from base portion, stub is not stayed, the position will no longer send out branch；
The back branch is to point to life in major branch, the nutrition branch of secondary scaffold branch back, upright growth；
The dense branches are to point to the raw nutrition branch being spaced closely together on major branch, secondary scaffold branch, central authorities leader are dry, or are sprouted at a bud
Raw multiple nutrition branches；
The branch that extends is to point to the raw nutrition branch on the dry top of major branch, secondary scaffold branch and central authorities leader, within general top 30cm
Only retain the nutrition branch that 1 single shaft periphery extends；
4. when young sprout grows into 15cm, pinching；
Pinching method：The raw all new slightly top on major branch, secondary scaffold branch and central authorities leader are dry is extractd, its rapid life is controlled
It is long；Hereafter the young sprout for continuing to grow out after two weeks is by pinching is all removed, 4～5 times repeatedly, until stopping growing；
5. the branch of excessive growth is removed；The annual shoot of the raw not full vertical growth of thorax in tree crown；
Pruning method：Erase from base portion in time, do not stay stub, remove in time with duration.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107646401A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-02-02 | 巍山彝族回族自治县绿源林果有限责任公司 | A kind of trimming and finishing method of blood-snow pears |
| CN109452067A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-03-12 | 广西贺州市正丰现代农业股份有限公司 | A kind of Young pear trees shaping methods |
| CN110352735A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-10-22 | 安徽农业大学 | Southern Chinese pear " umbrella room shape " tree structure and its shaping and trimming method and application |
| CN115039617A (en) * | 2022-02-18 | 2022-09-13 | 宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所(宁夏设施农业工程技术研究中心) | Method for pruning cupped natural tree shapes of pear trees |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107646401A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-02-02 | 巍山彝族回族自治县绿源林果有限责任公司 | A kind of trimming and finishing method of blood-snow pears |
| CN109452067A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-03-12 | 广西贺州市正丰现代农业股份有限公司 | A kind of Young pear trees shaping methods |
| CN110352735A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-10-22 | 安徽农业大学 | Southern Chinese pear " umbrella room shape " tree structure and its shaping and trimming method and application |
| CN115039617A (en) * | 2022-02-18 | 2022-09-13 | 宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所(宁夏设施农业工程技术研究中心) | Method for pruning cupped natural tree shapes of pear trees |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN106613642B (en) | 2020-05-19 |
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