CN103477932A - Reshaping trimming method for inverted umbrella shape of persimmon tree - Google Patents
Reshaping trimming method for inverted umbrella shape of persimmon tree Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reshaping trimming method for an inverted umbrella shape of a persimmon tree. The method specifically comprises after planting a seedling in spring, determining the stem height to be 40-50 centimeters high from the ground, generally speaking, 3-5 new shoots can grow from the cut; selecting one vertical and robust shoot from the top end to cultivate a central stem; selecting three new shoots in different directions under the central stem new shoot to cultivate principal branches, wherein the directions of the principal branches should obliquely face toward the line space with horizontal included angles of 120 degrees; during winner trimming, truncating the extended branch of the stem at the position of the 40-50-centimeter plump sprout to maintain the dominance of the central leading stem and truncating the principle stems at the position of 50 centimeters; after the plant sprouts in the next spring, continuously selecting a vertical and robust new shoot at the top of the central stem as an extended branch to maintain the dominance of the central stem and twisting rival shoots under the central stem. According to the reshaping trimming method for the inverted umbrella shape of the persimmon tree, the inverted umbrella-shaped persimmon tree is rapid in shaping, good in light illumination, early in blossoming and fruit bearing, high in yield and fruit quality and capable of facilitating manual or mechanical operation and management.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fruit tree shaping trimming method, relate to specifically a kind of persimmon and fall the tree-like shaping and trimming method of umbrella shape.
Background technology
The persimmon dryness is strong, grows vigorous, and apical dominance is obvious.Past is continued to use the large hat cultivation of thin planting always, as a result evening, yields poorly.Some problems of persimmon pruning ubiquity: some masses thinks that persimmon need not prune mistakenly, lets alone growth, and some masses prunes blindly, make to set body unbalance, cause many persimmons garden tree-like more disorderly, on tree, bough is many, sprig is few, and the major branch angle is not opened a business, and ventilation and penetrating light is bad, interior thorax inanition, setting fruit position moves outward, starts fruit-growing time evening, enters high yield late, yield poorly and unstable, high quality fruit is few.Adopt traditional shaping and trimming method, the Chang Yinqi dryness is strong, causes tree-like high ambassador to pluck inconvenience.
Be badly in need of short hat, easy printing opacity, the convenient cultivation Training system of plucking and getting bumper crops in production.Umbrella shape is tree-like can reach these requirements, and height of tree crown is controlled at 2.5～3m, and moulding is fast, and result early, is got bumper crops.And technology is simple, manageability, be worth further research and extension.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention mainly solves is to provide a kind of persimmon and falls the tree-like shaping and trimming method of umbrella shape, overcomes defect and the deficiency of existing persimmon shape, reaches the saving of labor, manageability, and ventilation and penetrating light is good, and the purpose of high yield and high quality is beneficial to apply aborning.
Provided by the present invention is that a kind of persimmon falls the tree-like shaping and trimming method of umbrella shape, and it comprises:
Within the 1st year, prune: after the spring seedling planting, surely dry in the 40-50 centimeters, clip varnishes with lacquer; Can sprout 3-5 young sprout under general clip, from top, select 1 upright healthy and strong young sprout Culture Center dry; The second bud branch is generally competitive branch, will compete twig and erase when bud picking; The young sprout of 3 different azimuth of selecting and remain below the dry young sprout in center is cultivated major branch, to these major branches, will process early, makes its opening angle, and three major branch horizontal sextant angles are generally 120 °; All the other long shoots take branch, make its one-tenths horizontal, control its growth potential, promote shoot maturation and bud satiation, short its early bearing, in all the other brachyplast delay without exception put motionless; Young sprout enters the every strain under the tree dish of vigorous growth after date and spreads fertilizer over the fields urea 50g, waters immediately, is total to then Nitrogen Top Dressing 2-3 time, impels the branch Fast Growth; Because the dry clip branch in persimmon polarity Qiang， center can reach the 1.5m left and right then; Winter, while cutting, at the full bud of 40-50cm place cutting back, is led dry advantage with the maintenance center to the trunk elongated shoot.Center is dry cut and cut after, carve bud in middle and lower part; At 50m left and right place, major branch is carried out to cutting back, the clip bud stays lateral bud or outer bud, in all the other brachyplast delay without exception put motionless.
Within the 2nd year, prune: dry top, rudiment Hou center continues to select a upright healthy and strong young sprout to do to extend the tip, the growth vigor status that the maintenance center is dry; Dry top, ，Dui in May center branch should adopt and take branch, smooth out with the fingers the method control growing ways such as branch, to promote to carve the growth of bud position branch; The young sprout that sprout on the major branch top, select the work of a growth stalwartness to extend the tip, and all the other branches take pinching, turn round tip side goes to control, or removes.Guarantee the major branch uniaxial extension, prevent that 3 fork branches or 4 fork branches from appearring in the major branch front end, causes the rear portion baldness; The young sprout that the major branch back is sent can stay 15-20 centimetre of pinching, inspires branch, cultivates middle-size and small-size fruit-bearing shoot cluster; 7-8 month is drawn branch, all the time the major branch angle is controlled at closely horizontally, keeps uniaxial extension; Winter cuts the dry elongated shoot in Shi，Dui center and takes the prosperous branch of doing with the pruning ，Jiang center that a little less than weak branch, bud is taken the lead to remove from base portion, and all the other branches delay and put without exception, its result of one-tenth flower relief, and be transformed into medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster; The major branch elongated shoot is taken the lead cutting back to strengthen bud, to cultivate into little fruit-bearing shoot cluster.The overstocked branch that interior thorax is sprouted, upright water sprout and useless competitive branch all remove, and to improve the ventilation and penetrating light phenomenon in hat, reduce nutrient consumption and competition.
Within the 3rd year, prune: look the dry elongated shoot in the strong and weak ，Jiang center of tree height and tree vigo(u)r and take the lead gently or remove, all the other branches are not wanted cutting back, and the sparse branching of take is gentle puts as main, and renewal bounces back after result.As dry as center too prosperous and powerful, also can carry out the girdling processing, to control growing way, prevent strong up and weak down; Slowly then put into colored branch and see the bud retraction.In hat, overstocked useless branch suitably removes; The major branch extending head is strong bud cutting back generally, during the cutting in the winter of angle too small also optional healthy and strong branch behind change a spreading angle.Growth season, to all young sprouts of putting on branch that get rid of, is stayed the pinching of 15cm left and right when it grows to the 20cm left and right, impels it to be converted into medium fruit branch, and notes increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer.The branch that evened up on major branch autumn all is converted into medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster, is evened up to get rid of on the branch of putting to form leafage branch, fruit spur and medium fruit branch, and so far, the tree body is shaped substantially, the 3rd year can a small amount of result.
Within the 4th year, the tree body starts large result, and shoot growth eases up, and tree vigo(u)r is basicly stable, starts to enter high yield, stable production period.
Described tree-like be that 1 layer of major branch (3 major branches of base portion) and 1 center are dry.
Described tree-like heading height 40～50cm.
No longer be equipped with side shoot on described tree-like major branch, the left and right sides directly is equipped with large, medium and small type fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
All kinds of branch of the dry evenly outfit in the center groups that described tree-like major branch is above, and take medium and small branch group as main.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: persimmon provided by the invention falls the tree-like shaping and trimming method of umbrella shape, and concrete advantage is as follows:
It has solved, and the persimmon kind adopts traditional shaping and trimming method to go into operation to move outward in evening, setting fruit position, the deficiency of interior thorax branches and leaves baldness, is to realize that persimmon is early adopted, comparatively suitable tree-like of high yield early.Persimmon adopts this tree-like, is conducive to strengthening tree body skeleton, strengthens anti-adversity ability; Growth season pinching, be conducive to impel bud to break up in advance, avoided summer high temperature season, overcome the malformed fruit phenomenon and strengthened the continuous bearing capacity of fruit-bearing shoot cluster.In addition, tree bottom two scaffold limbs are the step plane, and skeleton is firm, can be used as and plucks the ladder that the persimmon fruit is trampled, and is conducive to improve work efficiency.
Embodiment
Below preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, thereby so that advantages and features of the invention can be easier to be it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, protection scope of the present invention is made to more explicit defining.
The embodiment of the present invention comprises:
Test in Huayang garden, Jiangsu Hilly Ground Zhenjiang Agriculture Science Research Institute and carry out.Experimental cultivar is 4 years living Japanese Sweet Persimmons ' inferior youth ', ' Buddhist temple ball ' persimmon.Adopt umbrella shape and to evacuate layering shape tree-like, seeding row spacing 4m * 4m, the north and south row to.
(1) implement to process
Every kind tree-like selects 8 strains, and individual plant is 1 community.The investigation height of tree, crown diameter, number of results, major branch extending head new-tip length and rugosity (base portion 5cm place).Front single fruit weight, fruit longitudinal and transverse demeter, the soluble solid content of selecting at random 30 fruits investigation mellow fruits of gathering, data are averaged.Branch criteria for classification during investigation is that long shoot is greater than 50cm, middle 25～50cm, brachyplast 2～25cm, leafage branch are shorter than 2cm.
It is research object that the mensuration of light intensity and photosynthetic parameters be take " inferior youth " kind.
Light intensity is measured: with level meter and TASI-631 illuminometer dot type probe, measure and process tree different levels, the intensity of illumination at position and the natural daylight intensity of opening, its ratio is as its Relative light intensity intensity (light transmittance).Test minute 4 treatment region ，Ge district tests are processed and are randomized arrangement, and the individual plant community, repeat for 3 times.Light intensity is measured Fen Dong, south, west, 4, north direction, then divides in length and breadth 4 sections equally by the different height of trees and branch exhibition, determines that the point that all directions are intersected in length and breadth is the light intensity measuring point, and every strain tree single photometry point is 36.Minute forms initial stage (June) to leaf curtain due to the leaf curtain and forms final period (August), within per month 5,15 and 25 days, measures, and minute 8,11,14 and 17: 4 period fixed points are carried out, overcast and rainy postponing.
Photosynthetic parameters is measured: respectively at the 6-8 photosynthetic parameters of measuring processing leaf sheet at 10 o'clock and 14 o'clock in the middle of the month, 1 time per month, instrument is CI-310 (U.S. CID company).Respectively get outside upper 2 points of interior neutralization by orientation, 4 of the four corners of the world, the crosspoint in length and breadth of the mid point that outside upper point is vertical direction top and middle part line and horizontal direction middle part and peripheral line mid point, the crosspoint in length and breadth of thorax and middle part line mid point in the mid point that interior mid point is vertical direction bottom and middle part line and horizontal direction.Two measuring points are pressed different directions cross exchanged position, survey the relevant parameters such as closing speed that wins honour under its natural daylight.8 of every tree unitary determination points, get average after often clicking 3 leaf replications.
Carry out significance of difference analysis with statistical software.
(2) implementation result
1, different tree form affects the persimmon early fruiting character
By table 1, found out, the persimmon of two kinds gives birth to tree Flowering Plants rate in 2 years, fall umbrella tree far above evacuating layering shape tree, and " inferior youth ", " Buddhist temple ball " persimmon fall the Flowering Plants rate of umbrella shape and are respectively 31.5%, 29.37%, than what evacuate layering shape, exceed respectively 18.9,17.87 percentage points; The umbrella shape number of bearing fruit that falls of giving birth to tree in 3 years is 45.7,42, than evacuating many 33.3,31.5 of layering shape difference.This is too much owing to evacuating layering shape cutting back, and the branch level is time more and cause that the Flowering Plants rate is low and several few causes of bearing fruit, and adopts while evacuating layering shape and only has slow put and the branch of pinching in early days has into colored phenomenon.
The early fruiting character of table 1 different tree form persimmon
2, the impact of different tree form on the persimmon bulk-growth
As shown in Table 2, giving birth in 4 years of 2 persimmon kinds set and adopted the height of tree of umbrella shape less, crown diameter is larger, and height of tree reduction is conducive to pluck conveniently; Brachyplast and leafage branch number account for the percentage of total amount, and the shape of falling the umbrella shape, higher than evacuating layering shape tree, illustrates " two wholeheartedly " shape Early fertile capability than evacuating the good of layering shape; From single plant yield, the ratio of falling the umbrella tree is evacuated the volume increase respectively of layering shape tree, has also proved this point.
The upgrowth situation of table 2 different tree form persimmon
3, the photosynthetic effect of different tree form relatively
As table 3, although the photosynthetic effect of two kinds of tree-like outsides and full tree and inner intensity of illumination there are no significant difference, but the inside photosynthetic active radiation of umbrella shape and Net Photosynthetic Rate are apparently higher than spindle, illustrate that the large tree of Qiao Guan is by after reducing height of tree degree and shrinking the cleaning transformation of branch exhibition, the ventilation and penetrating light condition of tree body has obtained effective improvement, but limb and branch that evacuation layering shape is continued to employ due to middle part are relatively many, so the photosynthetic successful of its tree body inside is not as good as falling umbrella shape.
From the ventilation and penetrating light angle, evacuate layering shape and fall umbrella shape and compare and still have larger defect.
Photosynthetic effect and the intensity of illumination of table 3 different tree form persimmon
4, the different tree form light transmittance relatively
The light transmittance (table 4) at tree body different levels and position shows, 2 kinds tree-like except vertical direction top light transmittance is close, no matter other all sites are vertical direction or horizontal direction or integral body, the light transmittance of umbrella shape is significantly higher than and evacuates layering shape, especially particularly outstanding in the performance of tree crown middle and lower part.Further prove the penetrating advantage of light path of umbrella shape, formed the raising of the stable and quality of output.
The light transmittance of table 4 different tree form persimmon
5, the fruit yield of different tree form and quality are relatively
Table 5 can find out, the fruit quality index of umbrella shape of falling all is greater than evacuates shape, and wherein, single fruit weight, soluble sugar content difference have reached significance level.
The fruit yield of table 5 different tree form and quality
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby limit the scope of the claims of the present invention; every equivalent structure or conversion of equivalent flow process that utilizes description of the present invention to do; or directly or indirectly be used in other relevant technical fields, all in like manner be included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a persimmon falls the tree-like shaping and trimming method of umbrella shape, it is characterized in that, it comprises:
Within the 1st year, prune: after the spring seedling planting, surely dry in the 40-50 centimeters, clip varnishes with lacquer; Can sprout 3-5 young sprout under clip, from top, select 1 upright healthy and strong young sprout Culture Center dry, the second bud branch is generally competitive branch, will compete twig and erase when bud picking; The young sprout of 3 different azimuth of selecting and remain below the dry young sprout in center is cultivated major branch, to these major branches, will process early, makes its opening angle, three major branch horizontal sextant angles are 120 °, and all the other long shoots take branch, make its one-tenth horizontal, control its growth potential, promote shoot maturation and bud satiation, short its early bearing, in all the other brachyplast without exception slow put motionless, young sprout enters the every strain under the tree dish of vigorous growth after date and spreads fertilizer over the fields urea 50g, water immediately, be total to then Nitrogen Top Dressing 2-3 time, impel the branch Fast Growth; Because the dry clip branch in persimmon polarity Qiang， center can reach about 1.5m then, the winter, while cutting, at the full bud of 40-50cm place cutting back, is led dry advantage with the maintenance center to the trunk elongated shoot, center is dry cut and cut after, carve bud in middle and lower part; At 50m left and right place, major branch is carried out to cutting back, the clip bud stays lateral bud or outer bud, in all the other brachyplast delay without exception put motionless;
Within the 2nd year, prune: dry top, rudiment Hou center continues to select a upright healthy and strong young sprout to make to extend the tip, the growth vigor status that the maintenance center is dry, dry top, ，Dui in May center branch adopts and takes branch, smoothes out with the fingers a method control growing way, to promote to carve the growth of bud position branch, the young sprout that sprout on the major branch top, select the work of a growth stalwartness to extend the tip, and all the other branches take pinching, turn round tip side goes to control, or remove, guarantee the major branch uniaxial extension, prevent that 3 fork branches or 4 fork branches from appearring in the major branch front end, causes the rear portion baldness; The young sprout that the major branch back is sent stays 15-20 centimetre of pinching, inspires branch, cultivates middle-size and small-size fruit-bearing shoot cluster, and 7-8 month is drawn branch, all the time the major branch angle is controlled at closely horizontally, keeps uniaxial extension; Winter is while cutting, the dry elongated shoot in center is taked to the pruning of taking the lead with the weak bud of weak branch, prosperous branch on center is dry is removed from base portion, and all the other branches are slow putting without exception, becomes its result of flower relief, and be transformed into medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster, the major branch elongated shoot is taken the lead cutting back to strengthen bud, and to cultivate into little fruit-bearing shoot cluster, the overstocked branch that interior thorax is sprouted, upright water sprout and useless competitive branch all remove, to improve the ventilation and penetrating light phenomenon in hat, reduce nutrient consumption and competition;
Within the 3rd year, prune: look the dry elongated shoot in the strong and weak ，Jiang center of tree height and tree vigo(u)r and take the lead gently or remove, all the other branches are not wanted cutting back, the sparse branching of take is gentle puts as main, and after result, bouncing back, it is dry too prosperous and powerful to upgrade the ，Ru center, also can carry out the girdling processing, to control growing way, prevent strong up and weak down; Slowly then put into colored branch and see the bud retraction, in hat, overstocked useless branch suitably removes; The major branch extending head is strong bud cutting back generally, during the cutting in the winter of angle too small, the healthy and strong branch behind of choosing changes a spreading angle, growth season, to all young sprouts of putting on branch that get rid of, is stayed the pinching of 15cm left and right when it grows to the 20cm left and right, impels it to be converted into medium fruit branch, and attention increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, the branch that evened up on major branch autumn all is converted into medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster, is evened up to get rid of on the branch of putting to form leafage branch, fruit spur and medium fruit branch, so far, the tree body is shaped substantially, within the 3rd year, gets final product a small amount of result;
Within the 4th year, the tree body starts large result, and shoot growth eases up, and tree vigo(u)r is basicly stable, starts to enter high yield, stable production period.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described tree-like be that 3 major branches of base portion and 1 center are dry.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described tree-like heading height 40～50cm.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that no longer being equipped with side shoot on described tree-like major branch, and the left and right sides directly is equipped with large, medium and small type fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that all kinds of branch of the dry evenly outfit in the above center of described tree-like major branch groups, and take medium and small branch group as main.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN105557429A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-05-11 | 山东农业大学 | Trinitarian Chinese style apple wide-row high-trunk labor-saving and efficient cultivation method |
| CN108617386A (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2018-10-09 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | A kind of ecological cultivation pattern for mountainous region persimmon garden recreational tourism |
| CN112753471A (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2021-05-07 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Method for cultivating strong fruiting mother branches of persimmons |
| CN113475291A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-10-08 | 国家林业和草原局泡桐研究开发中心 | Tree form management method for maintaining light and simplified production of persimmons |
| CN114097458A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2022-03-01 | 烟台现代果业发展有限公司 | Apple shaping and trimming method |
| CN114303693A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-12 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Reshaping method for persimmon 'N + 1' tree form |
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| CN112753471B (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2023-05-26 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Method for cultivating persimmon robust fruiting parent branch |
| CN113475291A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-10-08 | 国家林业和草原局泡桐研究开发中心 | Tree form management method for maintaining light and simplified production of persimmons |
| CN114097458A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2022-03-01 | 烟台现代果业发展有限公司 | Apple shaping and trimming method |
| CN113475291B (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2023-10-20 | 中国林业科学研究院经济林研究所 | Tree-shaped management method for maintaining persimmon light and simplified production |
| CN114303693A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-12 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Reshaping method for persimmon 'N + 1' tree form |
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