CN111742096A - 纤维复合体及其制造方法 - Google Patents
纤维复合体及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111742096A CN111742096A CN201980014727.6A CN201980014727A CN111742096A CN 111742096 A CN111742096 A CN 111742096A CN 201980014727 A CN201980014727 A CN 201980014727A CN 111742096 A CN111742096 A CN 111742096A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fiber
- alumina
- silica
- fibers
- composite
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 197
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 146
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009751 slip forming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001164 aluminium sulphate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011128 aluminium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H dialuminum;trisulfate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019794 sodium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 69
- -1 molded article Substances 0.000 description 46
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 44
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 44
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 35
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 31
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 28
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 28
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 24
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 24
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 24
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 19
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 18
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 11
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 8
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 208000005156 Dehydration Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 244000283070 Abies balsamea Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000007173 Abies balsamea Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 241000218657 Picea Species 0.000 description 6
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- FOGYNLXERPKEGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[2-methoxy-4-(3-sulfopropyl)phenoxy]propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(CC(CS(O)(=O)=O)OC=2C(=CC(CCCS(O)(=O)=O)=CC=2)OC)=C1O FOGYNLXERPKEGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000004507 Abies alba Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 244000101408 Abies amabilis Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000014081 Abies amabilis Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000017894 Abies grandis Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 240000005020 Acaciella glauca Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000218691 Cupressaceae Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000018782 Dacrydium cupressinum Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000218652 Larix Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000005590 Larix decidua Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000013697 Pinus resinosa Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000012241 calcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 4
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000013054 paper strength agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 240000000797 Hibiscus cannabinus Species 0.000 description 3
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002201 Oxidized cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011400 blast furnace cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 3
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920006317 cationic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011246 composite particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940107304 oxidized cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920003124 powdered cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000019814 powdered cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000004710 Abies lasiocarpa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001311476 Abies veitchii Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920002972 Acrylic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 244000198134 Agave sisalana Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000000643 Alnus japonica Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005638 Austrian pine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920002749 Bacterial cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000018185 Betula X alpestris Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000018212 Betula X uliginosa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000274847 Betula papyrifera Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000009113 Betula papyrifera Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000009109 Betula pendula Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000010928 Betula populifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002992 Betula pubescens Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000014036 Castanea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001070941 Castanea Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000218645 Cedrus Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 240000005109 Cryptomeria japonica Species 0.000 description 2
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000014466 Douglas bleu Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000004281 Eucalyptus maculata Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000893932 Fagus japonica Species 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000007472 Leucaena leucocephala Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010643 Leucaena leucocephala Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920000433 Lyocell Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001410 Microfiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241001590997 Moolgarda engeli Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000000907 Musa textilis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000003283 Pachira macrocarpa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000000275 Persicaria hydropiper Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000017337 Persicaria hydropiper Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000008565 Pinus banksiana Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001236219 Pinus echinata Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005018 Pinus echinata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000019397 Pinus jeffreyi Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000013264 Pinus jeffreyi Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000017339 Pinus palustris Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000218621 Pinus radiata Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000008577 Pinus radiata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000008578 Pinus strobus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000008585 Pinus thunbergii Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000014030 Podocarpus spicatus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000219000 Populus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000218982 Populus nigra Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000001416 Pseudotsuga menziesii Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005386 Pseudotsuga menziesii var menziesii Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000219492 Quercus Species 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000014364 Trapa natans Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000001085 Trapa natans Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005396 acrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005016 bacterial cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 2
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003658 microfiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012766 organic filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010893 paper waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000017985 rocky mountain lodgepole pine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000009165 saligot Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001124 (E)-prop-1-ene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YQTCQNIPQMJNTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylpropan-1-one Chemical group CC(C)(C)[C]=O YQTCQNIPQMJNTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MFGALGYVFGDXIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-Dimethylmaleic anhydride Chemical compound CC1=C(C)C(=O)OC1=O MFGALGYVFGDXIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JPSKCQCQZUGWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,7-Oxepanedione Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC(=O)O1 JPSKCQCQZUGWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUACTSFOIWPXGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-diethylfuran-2,5-dione Chemical compound CCC1=C(CC)C(=O)OC1=O BUACTSFOIWPXGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OUJCFCNZIUTYBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-diphenylfuran-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 OUJCFCNZIUTYBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylideneoxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound C=C1CC(=O)OC1=O OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTXXTMOWISPQSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4,4-trifluorobutan-2-one Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(F)(F)F BTXXTMOWISPQSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQACOLQNOUYJCE-FYZZASKESA-N Abietic acid Natural products CC(C)C1=CC2=CC[C@]3(C)[C@](C)(CCC[C@@]3(C)C(=O)O)[C@H]2CC1 BQACOLQNOUYJCE-FYZZASKESA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004114 Ammonium polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical class NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutamic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol Natural products OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-Proline Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N L-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PEEHTFAAVSWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Maleimide Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C=C1 PEEHTFAAVSWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRQNANDWMGAFTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacetoacetic acid Chemical compound COC(=O)CC(C)=O WRQNANDWMGAFTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001417527 Pempheridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Proline Natural products OC(=O)C1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101500019086 Ustilago maydis P6 virus KP6 killer toxin subunit alpha Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Chemical group CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006221 acetate fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005903 acid hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940091181 aconitic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003647 acryloyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N aldehydo-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001361 allenes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000011126 aluminium potassium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940115440 aluminum sodium silicate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZRIUUUJAJJNDSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium phosphates Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ZRIUUUJAJJNDSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019826 ammonium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001276 ammonium polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006318 anionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001153 anti-wrinkle effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013556 antirust agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000003704 aspartic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000751 azo group Chemical group [*]N=N[*] 0.000 description 1
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L barium(2+);oxomethanediolate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][14C]([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-carboxyaspartic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)C(C(O)=O)C(O)=O OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004067 bulking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004063 butyryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- JHLNERQLKQQLRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium silicate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] JHLNERQLKQQLRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003818 cinder Substances 0.000 description 1
- GTZCVFVGUGFEME-IWQZZHSRSA-N cis-aconitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C\C(C(O)=O)=C\C(O)=O GTZCVFVGUGFEME-IWQZZHSRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003074 decanoyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002761 deinking Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004332 deodorization Methods 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- REKWWOFUJAJBCL-UHFFFAOYSA-L dilithium;hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].OP([O-])([O-])=O REKWWOFUJAJBCL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UYMKPFRHYYNDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenamine Chemical group NC=C UYMKPFRHYYNDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001815 facial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011094 fiberboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144992 flock Species 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013922 glutamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004220 glutamic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- VANNPISTIUFMLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaric anhydride Chemical compound O=C1CCCC(=O)O1 VANNPISTIUFMLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002373 hemiacetals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000268 heptanoyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003104 hexanoyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000009775 high-speed stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005462 imide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NBZBKCUXIYYUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iminodiacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CNCC(O)=O NBZBKCUXIYYUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002527 isonitriles Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000400 lauroyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SNKMVYBWZDHJHE-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].OP(O)([O-])=O SNKMVYBWZDHJHE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H magnesium phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000004137 magnesium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002261 magnesium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000157 magnesium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010994 magnesium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012567 medical material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011268 mixed slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003541 multi-stage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001419 myristoyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-hydroxy-2-propan-2-ylsulfonylethanimidamide Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)CC(N)=NO LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001038 naphthoyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)C(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000001402 nonanoyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002801 octanoyl group Chemical group C(CCCCCCC)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011146 organic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- AHLBNYSZXLDEJQ-FWEHEUNISA-N orlistat Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC[C@H](OC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC=O)C[C@@H]1OC(=O)[C@H]1CCCCCC AHLBNYSZXLDEJQ-FWEHEUNISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001243 orlistat Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000003566 oxetanyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001312 palmitoyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011088 parchment paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalimide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1 XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000172 poly(styrenesulfonic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000137 polyphosphoric acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005990 polystyrene resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940005642 polystyrene sulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940050271 potassium alum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GNHOJBNSNUXZQA-UHFFFAOYSA-J potassium aluminium sulfate dodecahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Al+3].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GNHOJBNSNUXZQA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- OQZCJRJRGMMSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium metaphosphate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]P(=O)=O OQZCJRJRGMMSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019828 potassium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011178 precast concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- AXLMPTNTPOWPLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl 3-oxobutanoate Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)OCC=C AXLMPTNTPOWPLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001501 propionyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005956 quaternization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019830 sodium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003696 stearoyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamic acid Chemical compound NS(O)(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000001174 sulfone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012756 surface treatment agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VKFFEYLSKIYTSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraazanium;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O VKFFEYLSKIYTSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MVGWWCXDTHXKTR-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetralithium;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O MVGWWCXDTHXKTR-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrapotassium;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002053 thietanyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001730 thiiranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- GTZCVFVGUGFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-aconitic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)=CC(O)=O GTZCVFVGUGFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILJSQTXMGCGYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)CC(O)=O ILJSQTXMGCGYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000404 tripotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019798 tripotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000297 undecanoyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003774 valeryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002349 well water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020681 well water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2] UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940007718 zinc hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910021511 zinc hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/71—Mixtures of material ; Pulp or paper comprising several different materials not incorporated by special processes
- D21H17/74—Mixtures of material ; Pulp or paper comprising several different materials not incorporated by special processes of organic and inorganic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/18—Preparation of finely divided silica neither in sol nor in gel form; After-treatment thereof
- C01B33/187—Preparation of finely divided silica neither in sol nor in gel form; After-treatment thereof by acidic treatment of silicates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/18—Waste materials; Refuse organic
- C04B18/24—Vegetable refuse, e.g. rice husks, maize-ear refuse; Cellulosic materials, e.g. paper, cork
- C04B18/28—Mineralising; Compositions therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/10—Coating or impregnating
- C04B20/1055—Coating or impregnating with inorganic materials
- C04B20/1066—Oxides, Hydroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/07—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof
- D06M11/11—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof with halogen acids or salts thereof
- D06M11/17—Halides of elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/45—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table; Aluminates
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/51—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium or compounds thereof
- D06M11/55—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium or compounds thereof with sulfur trioxide; with sulfuric acid or thiosulfuric acid or their salts
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/51—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium or compounds thereof
- D06M11/55—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium or compounds thereof with sulfur trioxide; with sulfuric acid or thiosulfuric acid or their salts
- D06M11/57—Sulfates or thiosulfates of elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table, e.g. alums
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/77—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with silicon or compounds thereof
- D06M11/79—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with silicon or compounds thereof with silicon dioxide, silicic acids or their salts
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M23/00—Treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, characterised by the process
- D06M23/08—Processes in which the treating agent is applied in powder or granular form
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
- D21H11/02—Chemical or chemomechanical or chemothermomechanical pulp
- D21H11/04—Kraft or sulfate pulp
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H15/00—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution
- D21H15/02—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution characterised by configuration
- D21H15/10—Composite fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H15/00—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution
- D21H15/02—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution characterised by configuration
- D21H15/10—Composite fibres
- D21H15/12—Composite fibres partly organic, partly inorganic
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/67—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments
- D21H17/675—Oxides, hydroxides or carbonates
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/67—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments
- D21H17/69—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments modified, e.g. by association with other compositions prior to incorporation in the pulp or paper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/02—Amorphous compounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/02—Natural fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/04—Vegetal fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/18—Synthetic fibres consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M2101/20—Polyalkenes, polymers or copolymers of compounds with alkenyl groups bonded to aromatic groups
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
- D06M2200/30—Flame or heat resistance, fire retardancy properties
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
本发明的课题在于提供制造被二氧化硅和/或氧化铝以高被覆率被覆的复合纤维的技术。通过将含有纤维的反应液的pH维持在4.6以下的情况下在纤维上合成二氧化硅和/或氧化铝,从而能够制造二氧化硅和/或氧化铝以高被覆率附着于纤维表面的复合纤维。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及二氧化硅、氧化铝和纤维的复合体及其制造方法。
背景技术
作为制造二氧化硅、氧化铝和纤维的复合体的技术,提出了专利文献1记载的技术。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2015-199660号公报
发明内容
但是,很难在纤维素纤维等上附着大量二氧化硅,不容易得到以高被覆率被覆纤维表面的纤维。
鉴于这样的状况,本发明人等开发了利用二氧化硅、氧化铝制造以高被覆率被覆纤维表面的纤维的技术。
本发明人等开发了二氧化硅微粒和纤维的复合体,发现在纤维的存在下将pH维持在4.6以下的情况下合成二氧化硅、氧化铝,能够高效地制造二氧化硅、氧化铝和纤维的复合体,从而完成了本发明。
即,本发明包含以下的发明,但不限于此。
(1)一种方法,是二氧化硅和/或氧化铝附着于纤维表面的复合纤维的制造方法,包含在将含有纤维的反应液的pH维持在4.6以下的情况下,在纤维上合成二氧化硅和/或氧化铝。
(2)根据(1)所述的方法,其中,上述纤维为纤维素纤维、合成纤维或者半合成纤维。
(3)根据(1)或(2)所述的方法,其中,使用无机酸或铝盐中的任一者以上和碱金属硅酸盐合成二氧化硅和/或氧化铝。
(4)根据(1)~(3)中任一项所述的方法,其中,使用硫酸或硫酸铝和硅酸钠合成。
(5)根据(1)~(4)中任一项所述的方法,其中,纤维复合体上的二氧化硅和/或氧化铝的平均一次粒径为100nm以下。
(6)根据(1)~(5)中任一项所述的方法,其中,纤维复合体上的二氧化硅和/或氧化铝是非晶质的。
(7)根据(1)~(6)中任一项所述的方法,其中,包含在纤维上合成二氧化硅和/或氧化铝前将上述纤维叩解的步骤。
(8)一种片的制造方法,其中,由含有利用(1)~(7)中任一项所述的方法制造的复合纤维的浆料使用抄纸机连续地形成片。
(9)一种复合纤维,二氧化硅和/或氧化铝附着于纤维表面的复合纤维,纤维表面的30%以上被二氧化硅和/或氧化铝的无机粒子被覆。
(10)根据(9)所述的复合纤维,其中,附着于纤维表面的二氧化硅和/或氧化铝是非晶质的。
(11)含有(9)或(10)所述的复合纤维的片、模制品、板或者树脂。
(12)一种水泥组合物,含有(9)~(11)中任一项所述的复合纤维。
根据本发明,能够制造利用二氧化硅、氧化铝以高被覆率被覆纤维表面的纤维。另外,通过在片中含有上述复合纤维,能够得到具有良好的阻燃性的片。
附图说明
图1是样品1的电子显微镜照片(倍率:左1万倍,右5万倍)。
图2是样品2的电子显微镜照片(倍率:左1万倍,右5万倍)。
图3是样品3的电子显微镜照片(倍率:左1万倍,右5万倍)。
图4是样品4的电子显微镜照片(倍率:左1万倍,右5万倍)。
图5是样品5的电子显微镜照片(倍率:左1万倍,右5万倍)。
图6是样品6的电子显微镜照片(倍率:左1万倍,右5万倍)。
图7是样品7的电子显微镜照片(倍率:左1万倍,右5万倍)。
图8是样品8的电子显微镜照片(倍率:左1万倍,右5万倍)。
图9是样品9的电子显微镜照片(倍率:左1万倍,右5万倍)。
图10是样品10的电子显微镜照片(倍率:左1万倍,右5万倍)。
图11是表示本发明的实验例中使用的反应装置的示意图。
图12是实验2中评价燃烧性的样品的照片。
图13是实验3-1(1)中脱水的样品的照片(倍率:1万倍)。
图14是样品A的电子显微镜照片(倍率:1万倍)。
具体实施方式
本发明中,通过在含有纤维的反应液中合成二氧化硅和/或氧化铝,制造二氧化硅、氧化铝的微粒和纤维的复合体(复合纤维)。
二氧化硅和/或氧化铝
根据本发明,能够将平均粒径小的二氧化硅和/或氧化铝与纤维复合体化。构成本发明的复合体的二氧化硅和/或氧化铝微粒的平均一次粒径小于1μm,平均一次粒径也可以小于500nm,小于200nm,进而为100nm以下。另外,二氧化硅和/或氧化铝微粒的平均一次粒径可以为10nm以上。一个形态中,纤维复合体上的二氧化硅和/或氧化铝是非晶质的,与属于结晶性的多孔质铝硅酸盐的沸石不同。
另外,本发明中得到的二氧化硅和/或氧化铝有时为微小的一次粒子凝聚的二次粒子的形态,可以利用熟化工序生成对应用途的二次粒子,也可以通过粉碎使凝聚块更细。作为粉碎的方法,可举出球磨机、砂磨机、冲击式磨机、高压均质机、低压均质机、DYNO-MILL、超声波研磨机、Kanda grinder、磨碎机、石臼型研磨机、振动磨机、切碎机、喷射磨机、粉碎机、叩解机、短轴挤出机、双轴挤出机、超声波搅拌机、家庭用榨汁机等。
由本发明得到的复合纤维能以各种形状使用,例如,可以制成粉体、颗粒、模制品、水性悬浮液、糊料、片、其它形状而使用。另外,也可以以复合纤维为主成分与其它材料一起制成模制品、粒子·颗粒等成型体。对于进行干燥而制成粉体时的干燥机,也没有特别限制,例如可以适当地使用气流干燥机、带式干燥机、喷雾干燥机等。
构成本发明的复合纤维的无机微粒的平均粒径、形状等,可以利用电子显微镜观察来确认。并且,通过调整合成无机微粒时的条件,能够将具有各种的大小、形状的微粒与纤维复合体化。
由本发明得到的复合纤维可以用于各种用途。例如可以广泛用于纸、纤维、纤维素系复合材料、过滤材料、涂料、塑料或其它树脂、橡胶、弹性体、陶瓷、玻璃、轮胎、建筑材料(沥青、石棉、水泥、板材、混凝土、砖、瓦、胶合板、纤维板、装饰板、天花板材料、墙壁材料、地板材料、屋顶材料等)、各种载体(催化剂载体、医药载体、农药载体、微生物载体等)、吸附剂(除去杂质、除臭、除湿等)、抗皱剂、粘土、研磨材料、摩擦材料、改性剂、修补材料、绝热材料、耐热材料、散热材料、防潮材料、防水材料、耐水材料、遮光材料、密封剂、屏蔽材料、防虫剂、粘接剂、油墨、化妆材料、医用材料、汽车部件、糊料材料、防变色剂、电磁波吸收材料、绝缘材料、隔音材料、内饰材料、防振材料、半导体密封材料、放射线屏蔽材料、阻燃材料等所有用途,但不限于此。另外,可以用于上述用途中的各种填充剂、涂覆剂等。其中,优选建筑材料、摩擦材料、绝热材料、阻燃材料。
本发明的复合纤维可以用于造纸用途,例如,可举出印刷用纸、报纸、喷墨用纸、PPC用纸、牛皮纸、高级纸、铜版纸、微涂布纸、包装纸、薄页纸、彩色高级纸、铸涂纸、无碳纸、标签用纸、热敏纸、各种花式纸、水溶纸、剥离纸、工艺纸、壁纸用原纸、不燃纸、阻燃纸、层压板原纸、电池用隔膜、缓冲纸、描图纸、含浸纸、ODP用纸、建材用纸、化妆材料用纸、信封用纸、胶带用纸、热交换用纸、化纤纸、灭菌纸、耐水纸、耐油纸、耐热纸、光催化纸、化妆纸(吸油纸等)、各种卫生纸(手纸、面巾纸、擦拭纸、尿布、生理用品等)、烟草用纸、板纸(裱面纸、中芯原纸、白板纸等)、纸盘原纸、杯原纸、烘焙用纸、砂纸、合成纸等。即,根据本发明能够得到一次粒径小且粒度分布窄的无机粒子和纤维的复合体,因此能够发挥与具有超过2μm的粒径的以往的无机填料不同的特性。进而,与仅将无机粒子配合于纤维的情况不同,预先使无机粒子与纤维复合体化,能够得到无机粒子不容易残留于片上,不凝聚而均匀分散的片。从电子显微镜观察的结果可知,本发明中的无机粒子在优选的形态中不仅固定于纤维的外表面·管腔的内侧,还生成在微纤维的内侧
另外,使用本发明的复合纤维时,可以并用一般被称为无机填料和有机填料的粒子、各种纤维。例如,作为无机填料,可举出碳酸钙(轻质碳酸钙、重质碳酸钙)、碳酸镁、碳酸钡、氢氧化铝、氢氧化钙、氢氧化镁、氢氧化锌、粘土(高岭土、煅烧高岭土、层状高岭土)、滑石、氧化锌、硬脂酸锌、二氧化钛、由硅酸钠和无机酸制造的二氧化硅(白碳、二氧化硅/碳酸钙复合体、二氧化硅/二氧化钛复合体)、白土、膨润土、硅藻土、硫酸钙、沸石、将由脱墨工序得到的灰分再生而进行利用的无机填料和在再生的过程中与二氧化硅、碳酸钙形成了复合体的无机填料等。作为碳酸钙-二氧化硅复合物,除了碳酸钙和/或轻质碳酸钙-二氧化硅复合物以外,也可以并用白碳这样的非晶质二氧化硅。作为有机填料,可举出脲醛树脂、聚苯乙烯树脂、酚醛树脂、微小中空粒子、丙烯酰胺复合体、来源于木材的物质(微细纤维、微纤维纤维、粉体洋麻)、改性不溶化淀粉、未糊化淀粉等。作为纤维,纤维素等天然纤维当然可以使用,也可以无限制地使用由石油等原料人工合成的合成纤维、以及人造丝、莱赛尔等再生纤维(半合成纤维)、以及无机纤维等。作为天然纤维,除了上述以外,可举出羊毛、丝线、胶原蛋白纤维等蛋白系纤维、几丁质·壳聚糖纤维、海藻酸纤维等复合糖链系纤维等。作为纤维素系的原料,可例示纸浆纤维(木浆和非木浆)、细菌纤维素,木材纸浆只要将木材原料纸浆化进行制造即可。作为木材原料,可例示赤松、黑松、冷杉、云杉、红松、落叶松、日本冷杉、铁杉、日本柳杉、日本扁柏、落叶松、白叶冷杉、鱼鳞云杉、柏树、道格拉斯冷杉、加拿大铁杉、白冷杉、云杉、香脂冷杉、雪松、松树、南洋松、辐射松等针叶树以及它们的混合材料、日本山毛榉、桦木、日本桤木、橡树、红楠、栗树、白桦、黑杨、杨树、水曲柳、甜杨、桉树、红树、柳桉、金合欢等阔叶树和它们的混合材料。将木材原料纸浆化的方法没有特别限定,可例示在造纸工业中一般使用的纸浆化法。木材纸浆可以根据纸浆化法进行分类,例如,可举出利用牛皮纸法、亚硫酸盐法、烧碱法、多硫化物法等方法进行蒸煮而得的化学纸浆;利用精磨机、磨床等的机械力进行纸浆化而得到的机械纸浆;在利用药品进行的预处理之后,利用机械力进行纸浆化而得到的半化学纸浆;废纸纸浆;脱墨纸浆等。木材纸浆可以是未漂白(漂白前)的状态,也可以是漂白(漂白后)的状态。作为来自非木材的纸浆,可例示棉、麻、剑麻、马尼拉麻、亚麻、稻草、竹、甘蔗渣、洋麻等。木材纸浆和非木材纸浆可以为未叩解和叩解中的任一种。作为合成纤维,可举出聚酯、聚酰胺、聚烯烃、丙烯酸纤维,作为半合成纤维,可举出人造丝、乙酸纤维等,作为无机纤维,可举出玻璃纤维、碳纤维、各种金属纤维等。对于以上成分,它们可以单独使用,也可以组合使用2种以上。
复合纤维的合成
本发明中,制造二氧化硅和/或氧化铝附着于纤维表面的复合纤维时,将含有纤维的反应液的pH维持在4.6以下的同时,在纤维上合成二氧化硅和/或氧化铝。通过本发明得到良好地被覆纤维表面的复合纤维的理由的详细还不完全清楚,但认为通过较低地维持pH,对3价的铝离子的电离率提高,得到被覆率、定影率高的复合纤维。
本发明的复合纤维(复合体)的制法中,可以一边喷射液体一边在纤维的存在下合成二氧化硅和/或氧化铝。另外,本发明中,可以通过喷射液体产生空化。本发明中空化是指流体的流动中因压力差而在短时间内发生泡的产生和消失的物理现象,也称为空洞现象。因空化而产生的气泡(空化气泡)是在流体中压力在极短的时间内变得低于饱和蒸气压时,将存在液体中的100微米以下的极微小的“气泡核”作为核而产生的。
本发明中空化气泡可以利用公知的方法在反应容器内产生。例如,考虑到通过在高压下喷射流体而产生空化气泡,通过在流体内高速搅拌而产生空化,通过流体内产生***而产生空化,利用超声波振子而产生空化(振动·空化)等。
特别是本发明中,为了使空化气泡的产生和控制容易,优选通过在高压下喷射流体而产生空化气泡。该形态中,通过使用泵等将喷射液体压缩并以高速经由喷嘴等进行喷射,从而因在喷嘴附近的极高的剪切力和急剧的减压而产生的液体本身的膨胀,同时产生空化气泡。利用流体喷流的方法能够产生空化气泡的产生效率高、具有更强力的破裂冲击力的空化气泡。本发明中,合成碳酸钙时存在受到控制的空化气泡,与流体机械自然产生的带来无法控制的危害的空化气泡明显不同。
本发明中,可以将原料等反应溶液直接作为喷射液体使用,也可以向反应容器内喷射某些流体。液体喷流形成喷流的流体只要是流动状态,就可以为液体、气体、粉体或纸浆等固体中的任一种,也可以为它们的混合物。如果还有需要,则可以在上述流体中加入作为新的流体的二氧化碳等其它流体。上述流体和新的流体可以均匀地混合而进行喷射,但也可以分别进行喷射。
液体喷流是指固体粒子、气体分散或混在液体或者液体中的流体的喷流,为纸浆、无机粒子的浆料、含有气泡的液体喷流。这里所说的气体可以包含因空化而产生的气泡
本发明中的空化的条件,上述的空化数σ较佳为0.001~0.5,优选为0.003~0.2,特别优选为0.01~0.1。空化数σ小于0.001时,空化气泡破裂时与周围的压力差低而效果变小,大于0.5时,流动的压力差低而空化难以产生。
另外,通过喷嘴或孔管喷射喷射液而产生空化时,喷射液的压力(上游侧压力)更优选为2MPa~15MPa。上游侧压力小于0.01MPa时,与下游侧压力之间很难产生压力差而作用效果小。另外,高于30MPa时,需要特殊的泵和压力容器,能耗变大,因此成本上不利。另一方面,容器内的压力(下游侧压力)以静压计优选为0.005MPa~0.9MPa。另外,容器内的压力与喷射液的压力之比优选0.001~0.5的范围。
本发明中,也可以在不产生空化气泡的条件下将喷射液喷射来合成无机粒子。具体而言,使喷射液的压力(上游侧压力)为2MPa以下,优选为1MPa以下,将喷射液的压力(下游侧压力)开放,更优选为0.05MPa以下。
喷射液的喷流的速度较佳为1m/秒~200m/秒的范围,优选为20m/以~100m/秒的范围。喷流的速度小于1m/秒时,压力下降少,难以产生空化,因此其效果较弱。另一方面,大于200m/秒时,要求高压而需要特别的装置,因而成本上不利
本发明中的空化产生场所只要在合成微粒的反应容器内产生即可。另外,可以按一次进行处理,也可以按所需次数进行循环。此外,可以使用多个产生机构以并联或串联进行处理。
用于产生空化的液体的喷射可以在大气开放的容器中进行,但为了控制空化,优选在压力容器中进行。
本发明中,对于反应液的pH,在起始物质使用碱金属硅酸盐的情况下,在反应开始时为碱性侧,在起始物质使用无机酸、铝盐的情况下为酸性,随着反应进行,变为中性。因此,可通过检测反应液的pH来控制反应。
本发明中,通过提高液体的喷射压力,喷射液的流速增大,与此相伴,压力下降,产生更强力的空化。另外,通过增加反应容器内的压力,能够使空化气泡破裂的区域的压力变高,气泡与周围的压力差变大,因而气泡剧烈地破裂使冲击力增大。另外,导入二氧化碳等气体时,能够促进气体的溶解和分散。反应温度优选为0℃~90℃,特别优选为10℃~60℃。一般而言,认为在熔点与沸点的中间点冲击力最大,因而在水性溶液的情况下,优选为50℃左右,但即使是其以下的温度,也不受蒸气压的影响,因此只要为上述范围就可得到较高的效果。
在本发明中,可以通过添加表面活性剂来减少用于产生空化所需的能量。作为使用的表面活性剂,可举出公知或新型的表面活性剂,例如,脂肪酸盐、高级烷基硫酸盐、烷基苯磺酸盐、高级醇、烷基酚、脂肪酸等的环氧烷加合物等非离子表面活性剂、阴离子表面活性剂、阳离子表面活性剂、两性表面活性剂等。可以为由它们中的单一成分构成的物质,也可以为2种以上的成分的混合物。添加量只要是用于降低喷射液和/或被喷射液的表面张力所需的量即可。
反应条件
本发明中,在纤维的存在下合成氧化铝和/或二氧化硅即可。作为反应的起始物质,使用无机酸或铝盐中的任一个以上时,添加碱金属硅酸盐来合成。也可以使用碱金属硅酸盐作为起始物质,添加无机酸或铝盐中的任一个以上来合成,但使用无机酸和/或铝盐作为起始物质的情况下,生成物在纤维上的固定良好。本发明中得到的二氧化硅和/或氧化铝的复合纤维,用荧光X射线衍射测定在电炉525℃下烘烤2小时的灰分的结果的Si/Al为4以上。优选为4~30,更优选为4~20,进一步优选为4~10。另外,本发明中得到的二氧化硅和/或氧化铝是非晶物质,因此该灰分用X射线衍射测定时,检测不到来自结晶的清晰的峰。作为无机酸,没有特别限定,例如,可以使用硫酸、盐酸、硝酸等。其中,从成本以及处理方面考虑,特别优选硫酸。作为铝盐,可举出液体硫酸铝、氯化铝、聚氯化铝、明矾、钾明矾等,其中可以优选使用液体硫酸铝。作为碱金属硅酸盐,可举出硅酸钠或硅酸钾等,因为容易得到而优选硅酸钠。硅酸和碱金属的摩尔比可以是任意的,通常以3号硅酸分布的摩尔比是SiO2:Na2O=3~3.4:1左右的摩尔比,可以优选使用。本发明中,悬浮液等的制备等使用水,但作为该水,可以使用普通自来水、工业用水、地下水、井水等,此外,还可以适当使用离子交换水、蒸馏水,超纯水、工业废水、碳化过程中得到的水。
另外,本发明中,可以使反应液循环来使用。通过这样使反应液循环,提高反应效率,容易效率良好地得到复合体。
制造本发明的复合体时,还可以添加公知的各种助剂。例如,可以在碳酸化反应中添加螯合剂,具体而言,可举出柠檬酸、苹果酸、酒石酸等聚羟基羧酸、草酸等二羧酸、葡糖酸等糖酸、亚氨基二乙酸、乙二胺四乙酸等氨基聚羧酸和它们的碱金属盐、六偏磷酸、三聚磷酸等聚磷酸的碱金属盐、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸等氨基酸和它们的碱金属盐、乙酰丙酮、乙酰乙酸甲酯、乙酰乙酸烯丙酯等酮类、蔗糖等糖类、山梨糖醇等多元醇。另外,作为表面处理剂,可以添加棕榈酸、硬脂酸等饱和脂肪酸、油酸、亚油酸等不饱和脂肪酸、脂环族羧酸、枞酸等树脂酸、它们的盐或酯和醚、醇系活性剂、脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯类、酰胺系或胺系表面活性剂、聚氧化烯烷基醚类、聚氧乙烯壬基苯基醚、α-烯烃磺酸钠、长链烷基氨基酸、氧化胺、烷基胺、季铵盐、氨基羧酸、膦酸、多元羧酸、缩合磷酸等。另外,也可以根据需要使用分散剂。作为该分散剂,例如,有聚丙烯酸钠、蔗糖脂肪酸酯、甘油脂肪酸酯、丙烯酸-马来酸共聚物铵盐、甲基丙烯酸-萘氧基聚乙二醇丙烯酸酯共聚物、甲基丙烯酸-聚乙二醇单甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物铵盐、聚乙二醇单丙烯酸酯等。它们可以单独使用或组合多种使用。另外,添加的时机没有特别限制,另外,这样的添加剂可以以优选0.001~20%、更优选0.1~10%的量进行添加。
在本发明中,反应条件没有特别限制,可以根据用途而适当地设定。例如,合成反应的温度可以为0~100℃,优选为20~90℃。对于反应温度,可以利用温度调节装置来控制反应液的温度,如果温度低,则反应效率降低,成本变高,另一方面,如果超过90℃,则存在粗大的粒子变多的趋势。
另外,在本发明中,反应可以为分批反应,也可以为连续反应。一般而言,从排出反应后的残留物的便利性出发,优选进行分批反应工序。反应的规模没有特别限制,可以以100L以下的规模进行反应,也可以以超过100L的规模进行反应。反应容器的大小例如可以为10L~100L左右,可以为100L~1000L、1m3(1000L)~100m3左右。
并且,可以通过监测反应悬浮液的pH来控制反应,根据反应液的pH曲线,进行反应直到达到例如pH2~10、优选pH3~9、更优选pH 4~8。另外,也可以在反应的中途、反应之后设置几分钟~几小时的熟化时间。通过设置熟化时间,促进无机物在纤维上固定,能够期待使无机物的粒径均匀化的效果。
另外,反应可以通反应时间进行控制,具体而言,可以调整反应物在反应槽に滞留的时间来控制。此外,本发明中,也可以通过搅拌反应槽的反应液或者进行多步反应来控制反应。
本发明中,以悬浮液的形式得到作为反应生成物的复合纤维,所以可以根据需要储藏于储藏罐,或者进行浓缩、脱水、粉碎、分级、熟化、分散等处理。它们可以采用公知的工序,考虑用途、能源效率等而适当地决定即可。例如浓缩·脱水处理是使用离心脱水机、沉降浓缩机等进行的。作为该离心脱水机的例子,可举出倾析器、螺旋倾析器等。对于使用过滤机、脱水机的情况,其种类也没有特别限制,可以使用一般的设备,例如,可以很好地使用压滤机、鼓式过滤器、带式压力机、管式压力机等加压型脱水机、奥利弗过滤器等真空转鼓脱水机等而制成碳酸钙滤饼。作为粉碎的方法,可举出球磨机、砂磨机、冲击式磨机、高压均质机、低压均质机、DYNO-MILL、超声波研磨机、Kanda grinder、磨碎机、石臼型研磨机、振动磨机、切碎机、喷射磨机、粉碎机、叩解机、短轴挤出机、双轴挤出机、超声波搅拌机、家庭用榨汁机等。作为分级的方法,可举出网等筛、外部型或内部型的狭缝或圆孔筛、振动筛、重量异物清洗器、轻量异物清洗器、反向清洗器、筛分试验仪等。作为分散的方法,可举出高速分散机、低速捏合机等。
本发明中的复合纤维也可以不完全脱水而以悬浮液的状态配合于填料、颜料中,也可以进行干燥而制成粉体。对于该情况下的干燥机,也没有特别限制,例如,可以适当地使用气流干燥机、带式干燥机、喷雾干燥机等。
由本发明得到的复合纤维可以利用公知的方法改性。例如,在某种形态中,可以使其表面疏水化,提高与树脂等的混和性。
纤维
本发明中,将无机微粒和纤维复合体化。构成复合体的纤维没有特别限制,例如,纤维素等天然纤维当然可以使用,还可以无制限地使用由石油等原料人工合成的合成纤维、人造丝等半合成纤维,以及无机纤维等。
复合化的纤维的纤维长度没有特别限制,例如,可以使平均纤维长度为0.2μm~15mm左右,也可以为1μm~12mm、100μm~10mm、200μm~9mm、500μm~8mm等。另外,对纤维长度0.2mm以下的一般称为细纤维的纤维也有效。另一方面,进行脱水、片化时优选平均纤维长度大于50μm。如果平均纤维长度大于200μm,则能够使用通常的抄纸工序中使用的脱水和/或抄纸用的线(过滤器)的网容易地进行脱水、片化。
复合化的纤维的纤维直径没有特别限制,例如,平均纤维直径可以为1nm~100μm左右,也可以为10nm~100μm、0.15μm~100μm、1μm~90μm、3~50μm、5~30μm等。如果平均纤维直径大于500nm,则脱水、片化变得容易。另外,平均纤维直径大于1μm时,能够使用通常的抄纸工序中使用的脱水和/或抄纸用的线(过滤器)的网容易地进行脱水、片化。
复合化的纤维优选以纤维表面的30%以上被无机粒子被覆的量使用,例如,可以使纤维与无机粒子的重量比为5/95~95/5,还可以为10/90~90/10、20/80~80/20、30/70~70/30、40/60~60/40。
作为天然纤维,除了上述以外,可举出羊毛、丝线、胶原蛋白纤维等蛋白系纤维、几丁质·壳聚糖纤维、海藻酸纤维等复合糖链系纤维等。作为纤维素系的原料,可例示纸浆纤维(木浆和非木浆)、细菌纤维素,木材纸浆只要将木材原料纸浆化进行制造即可。作为木材原料,可例示赤松、黑松、冷杉、云杉、红松、落叶松、日本冷杉、铁杉、日本柳杉、日本扁柏、落叶松、白叶冷杉、鱼鳞云杉、柏树、道格拉斯冷杉、加拿大铁杉、白冷杉、云杉、香脂冷杉、雪松、松树、南洋松、辐射松等针叶树以及它们的混合材料、日本山毛榉、桦木、日本桤木、橡树、红楠、栗树、白桦、黑杨、杨树、水曲柳、甜杨、桉树、红树、柳桉、金合欢等阔叶树和它们的混合材料。
将木材原料纸浆化的方法没有特别限定,可例示在造纸工业中一般使用的纸浆化法。木材纸浆可以根据纸浆化法进行分类,例如,可举出利用牛皮纸法、亚硫酸盐法、烧碱法、多硫化物法等方法进行蒸煮而得的化学纸浆;利用精磨机、磨床等的机械力进行纸浆化而得到的机械纸浆;在利用药品进行的预处理之后,利用机械力进行纸浆化而得到的半化学纸浆;废纸纸浆;脱墨纸浆等。木材纸浆可以是未漂白(漂白前)的状态,也可以是漂白(漂白后)的状态。
作为来自非木材的纸浆,可例示棉、麻、剑麻、马尼拉麻、亚麻、稻草、竹、甘蔗渣、洋麻等。
纸浆纤维可以是未叩解和叩解中任一种,根据复合纤维的用途选择即可。通过进行叩解,也能够促进制成片时的强度的提高、BET比表面积的提高、无机粒子的固定以及二氧化硅/氧化铝的固定。另一方面,未叩解直接使用,从而能够抑制将复合纤维搅拌和/或混炼在基体中时无机物与原纤维一起脱离的风险,另外,作为水泥等增强材料使用时保持纤维长度较长,因此强度提高效果变高。应予说明,纤维的叩解的程度可以通过JIS P 8121-2:2012规定的加拿大标准滤水度(Canadian Standard freeness:CSF)表示。随着叩解进入,纤维的断水状态降低,滤水度变低。复合纤维的合成中使用的纤维可以使用任意的滤水度,但即便600mL以下也优选使用。例如,使用本发明的复合纤维制造片时,能够抑制将滤水度为600mL以下的纤维素纤维进行连续抄纸时的断纸。换句话说,为了提高复合纤维片的强度和比表面积,进行叩解等增加纤维表面积的处理时,滤水度变低,但优选利用进行了这样的处理的纤维素纤维。另外,纤维素纤维的滤水度的下限值更优选为50mL以上,进一步优选为100mL以上。如果纤维素纤维的滤水度为200mL以上,则连续抄纸的作业性良好。
作为合成纤维,可举出聚丙烯、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚烯烃、丙烯酸纤维、尼龙、聚氨酯、芳纶,作为半合纤维,可举出乙酸酯、三乙酸酯、脯氨酸,作为再生纤维,可举出人造丝,丽赛纤维,莱赛尔,铜氨纤维(Cupra),本伯格铜铵丝(Bemberg)等,作为无机纤维,可举出玻璃纤维、陶瓷纤维、生态溶解性的无机纤维、碳纤维、各种金属纤维等。
另外,这些纤维素原料还可以通过进一步实施处理而作为粉末纤维素、氧化纤维素等化学改性纤维素、以及纤维素纳米纤维:CNF(微纤维化纤维素:MFC、TEMPO氧化CNF、磷酸酯化CNF、羧甲基化CNF、机械粉碎CNF等)使用。作为本发明中使用的粉状纤维素,例如可以使用通过对精选纸浆进行酸水解后得到的未分解残渣进行精制、干燥、粉碎、筛分的方法而制造的棒轴状的具有一定粒径分布的结晶性纤维素粉末,也可以使用KC FLOCK(日本制纸制)、CEOLUS(旭化成化学制)、Avicel(FMC公司制)等市售品。粉末纤维素中的纤维素的聚合度优选为100~1500左右,利用X射线衍射法测得的粉末纤维素的结晶度优选为70~90%,利用激光衍射式粒度分布测定装置测得的体积平均粒径优选为1μm~100μm。本发明中使用的氧化纤维素例如可以通过在从选自N-氧自由基化合物和溴化物、碘化物或它们的混合物中的化合物的存在下使用氧化剂在水中进行氧化而得到。作为纤维素纳米纤维,使用对上述纤维素原料进行解纤的方法。作为解纤方法,例如可以使用如下方法:通过对纤维素、氧化纤维素等化学改性纤维素的水悬浮液等利用精磨机、高压均质机、磨床、单轴或多轴混炼机、珠磨机等进行机械磨碎或叩解而解纤。也可以将上述方法组合1种或多种组合来制造纤维素纳米纤维。制成的纤维素纳米纤维的纤维直径可以通过电子显微镜观察等进行确认,例如为5nm~1000nm、优选5nm~500nm、更优选5nm~300nm的范围。制造该纤维素纳米纤维时,也可以在对纤维素进行解纤和/或微细化的之前和/或之后,进一步添加任意的化合物使其与纤维素纳米纤维反应,制成修饰有羟基的纤维素。作为修饰的官能团,可举出乙酰基、酯基、醚基、酮基、甲酰基、苯甲酰基、缩醛、半缩醛、肟、异腈、丙二烯、硫醇基、脲基、氰基、硝基、偶氮基、芳基、芳烷基、氨基、酰胺基、酰亚胺基、丙烯酰基、甲基丙烯酰基、丙酰基、丙炔酰基、丁酰基、2-丁酰基、戊酰基、己酰基、庚酰基、辛酰基、壬酰基、癸酰基、十一酰基、十二酰基、肉豆蔻酰基、棕榈酰基、硬脂酰基、新戊酰基、苯甲酰基、萘甲酰基、烟酰基、异烟酰基、糠酰基、肉桂酰基等酰基、2-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基异氰酰基等异氰酸酯基、甲基、乙基、丙基、2-丙基、丁基、2-丁基、叔丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基、肉豆蔻基、棕榈基、硬脂基等烷基、环氧乙烷基、氧杂环丁烷基、氧基、硫杂环丙烷基、硫杂环丁烷基等。这些取代基中的氢可以被羟基、羧基等官能团所取代。另外,烷基中的一部分可以为不饱和键。作为用于导入这些官能团的化合物,没有特别限定,例如可举出具有来自磷酸的基团的化合物、具有来自羧酸的基团的化合物、具有来自硫酸的基团的化合物、具有来自磺酸的基团的化合物、具有烷基的化合物、具有来自胺的基团的化合物等。作为具有磷酸基的化合物,没有特别限定,可举出磷酸、属于磷酸的锂盐的磷酸二氢锂、磷酸氢二锂、磷酸三锂、焦磷酸锂、聚磷酸锂。还可举出属于磷酸的钠盐的磷酸二氢钠、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸三钠、焦磷酸钠、聚磷酸钠。还可举出属于磷酸的钾盐的磷酸二氢钾、磷酸氢二钾、磷酸三钾、焦磷酸钾、聚磷酸钾。还可举出属于磷酸的铵盐的磷酸二氢铵、磷酸氢二铵、磷酸三铵、焦磷酸铵、聚磷酸铵等。其中,从导入磷酸基的效率高、易于工业应用的观点考虑,优选磷酸、磷酸的钠盐、磷酸的钾盐、磷酸的铵盐,更优选磷酸二氢钠、磷酸氢二钠,但没有特别限定。作为具有羧基的化合物,没有特别限定,可举出马来酸、琥珀酸、邻苯二甲酸、富马酸、戊二酸、己二酸、衣康酸等二羧酸化合物、或柠檬酸、乌头酸等三羧酸化合物。作为具有羧基的化合物的酸酐,没有特别限定,可举出马来酸酐、琥珀酸酐、邻苯二甲酸酐、戊二酸酐、己二酸酐、衣康酸酐等二羧酸化合物的酸酐。作为具有羧基的化合物的衍生物,没有特别限定,可举出具有羧基的化合物的酸酐的酰亚胺化物、具有羧基的化合物的酸酐的衍生物。作为具有羧基的化合物的酸酐的酰亚胺化物,没有特别限定,可举出马来酰亚胺、琥珀酰亚胺、邻苯二甲酰亚胺等二羧酸化合物的酰亚胺化物。作为具有羧基的化合物的酸酐的衍生物,没有特别限定。例如,可举出二甲基马来酸酐、二乙基马来酸酐、二苯基马来酸酐等具有羧基的化合物的酸酐中的至少一部分氢原子被取代基(例如,烷基、苯基等)取代而得的化合物。在上述具有来自羧酸的基团的化合物中,从易于工业应用、容易气化的方面考虑,优选马来酸酐、琥珀酸酐、邻苯二甲酸酐,但没有特别限定。另外,即使不进行化学键合,也可以以修饰的化合物物理吸附于纤维素纳米纤维的形式修饰纤维素纳米纤维。作为物理吸附的化合物,可举出表面活性剂等,可以使用阴离子性、阳离子性、非离子性中的任一种。在对纤维素进行解纤和/或粉碎之前进行上述修饰时,也可以在解纤和/或粉碎后使这些官能团脱离而恢复成原来的羟基。通过施加如上的修饰,能够促进纤维素纳米纤维的解纤,或者在使用纤维素纳米纤维时容易与各种物质混合。
以上示出的纤维可以单独使用,也可以多种混合。其中,优选含有木材纸浆或者含有木材纸浆和非木材纸浆和/或合成纤维的组合,更优选仅为木材纸浆。
优选的形态中,构成本发明的复合纤维的纤维为纸浆纤维。另外,例如,可以从制纸工厂的排水回收的纤维状物质供于本发明的碳酸化反应。通过将这样的物质供给到反应槽,能够合成各种复合粒子,另外,在形状上也能够合成纤维状粒子等。
本发明中,除纤维以外,可以使用不直接参与无机粒子生成但混入到无机粒子中生成复合粒子的物质。本发明中,使用以纸浆纤维为代表的纤维,但除此以外,也可以通过在含有无机粒子、有机粒子、聚合物等的溶液中合成二氧化硅、氧化铝而制造进一步混入了这些物质的复合粒子
复合体的成型物
也可以使用本发明的复合纤维适当地制造成型物(体)。例如,将由本发明得到的复合体进行片化时,能够容易得到高灰分的片。作为在片制造中使用的抄纸机(抄造机),例如可举出长网抄纸机、圆网抄纸机、夹网成型器、混合成型器、多层抄纸机、组合了这些机器的抄纸方式的公知的抄造机等。抄纸机中的加压线压、在后段进行压光处理时的压光线压都可以在不妨碍作业性、复合片的性能的范围内决定。另外,也可以利用含浸、涂布对所形成的片赋予淀粉、各种聚合物、颜料和它们的混合物。
在片化时可以添加湿润和/或干燥纸张增强剂(纸力增强剂)。由此,能够提高复合体片的强度。作为纸张增强剂,例如,可举出脲醛树脂、三聚氰胺甲醛树脂、聚酰胺、聚胺、表氯醇树脂、植物性橡胶、胶乳、聚乙烯亚胺、乙二醛、树胶、甘露半乳聚糖聚乙烯亚胺、聚丙烯酰胺树脂、聚乙烯胺、聚乙烯醇等树脂;由选自上述树脂中的2种以上构成的复合聚合物或共聚聚合物;淀粉和加工淀粉;羧甲基纤维素、瓜尔胶、脲树脂等。纸张增强剂的添加量没有特别限定。
另外,为了促进填料固定于纤维,或提高填料、纤维的留着率,也可以添加高分子聚合物、无机物。例如作为凝聚剂,可以使用聚乙烯亚胺和含有叔铵基和/或季铵基的改性聚乙烯亚胺、聚亚烷基亚胺、二氰基二酰胺聚合物、聚胺、聚胺/表氯醇聚合物、以及二烷基二烯丙基季铵单体、二烷基氨基烷基丙烯酸酯、二烷基氨基烷基甲基丙烯酸酯、二烷基氨基烷基丙烯酰胺和二烷基氨基烷基甲基丙烯酰胺与丙烯酰胺的聚合物、由单胺类和表卤醇构成的聚合物、聚乙烯胺和具有乙烯基胺部的聚合物、它们的混合物等阳离子性的聚合物,除此以外,也可以使用在上述聚合物的分子内共聚有羧基、砜基等阴离子基团的富阳离子的两离子性聚合物、阳离子性聚合物和阴离子性或两离子性聚合物的混合物等。另外,作为助留剂,可以使用阳离子性或阴离子性、两性聚丙烯酰胺系物质。另外,除此以外,也可以应用并用至少一种以上的阳离子、阴离子性的聚合物的、所谓的被称为双聚合物的留着***,还可以是多成分留着***,该多成分留着***并用至少一种以上的阴离子性的膨润土、胶体二氧化硅、聚硅酸、聚硅酸或聚硅酸盐微凝胶和它们的铝改性物等无机微粒、一种以上的丙烯酰胺进行交联聚合而成的所谓的被称为微聚合物的微粒100μm以下的有机系的微粒。特别是单独或组合使用的聚丙烯酰胺系物质在利用极限粘度法测得的重均分子量为200万道尔顿以上时,能够得到良好的留着率,在优选为500万道尔顿以上、进一步优选为1000万道尔顿以上且小于3000万道尔顿的上述丙烯酰胺系物质的情况下,能够得到非常高的留着率。该聚丙烯酰胺系物质的形态可以为乳液型,也可以为溶液型。作为其具体的组成,只要是在该物质中含有丙烯酰胺单体单元作为结构单元的组成,就没有特别限定,例如,可举出丙烯酸酯的季铵盐与丙烯酰胺的共聚物、或者使丙烯酰胺与丙烯酸酯共聚后,进行季铵化而得的铵盐。该阳离子性聚丙烯酰胺系物质的阳离子电荷密度没有特别限定。
此外,根据目的,可举出滤水性提高剂、内添施胶剂、pH调节剂、消泡剂、间距控制剂、粘泥控制剂、蓬松剂、碳酸钙、高岭土、滑石、二氧化硅等无机粒子(所谓的填料)等。各添加材料的使用量没有特别限定。
也可以使用除片化以外的成型法,例如,通过像称为纸浆模塑那样向铸模中流入原料使其吸引脱水·干燥的方法、或者在树脂、金属等成型物的表面涂匀而干燥后从基材上剥离的方法等,可以得到具有各种形状的成型物。另外,也可以混合树脂而成型为塑料样,也可以通过混合到水泥中,水泥板、混凝土来使用。另外,也可以进一步添加二氧化硅、氧化铝等矿物,煅烧而成型为陶瓷样。以上示出的配合·干燥·成型中,可以仅使用1种复合体,也可以混合2种以上的复合体使用。使用2种以上的复合体时,可以使用预先将它们混合的混合物,也可以各自配合·干燥·成型后再混合。
另外,之后也可以对复合体的成型物赋予聚合物等各种有机物、颜料等各种无机物。
如上所述,可以通过本发明的复合纤维混合于水泥而作为水泥组合物使用。二氧化硅、氧化铝的微粒作为水硬性材料起作用,纤维成分提高混凝土的强度。本发明中水泥组合物以水泥、水泥用分散剂和水作为必需成分,根据需要可以含有骨料和其他成分。本发明的复合纤维相对于水泥组合物可以以1~50质量%的范围添加。
(1)水泥、骨料
作为水泥,没有特别限定。例如,可举出波特兰水泥(普通、早强、超早强、中庸热、耐硫酸盐以及它们的低碱形)、各种混合水泥(高炉水泥、硅土水泥、粉煤灰水泥)、白色波特兰水泥、氧化铝水泥、超快速硬化水泥(1熟料速硬性水泥、2熟料速硬性水泥、磷酸镁水泥)、灌浆水泥、油井水泥、低热水泥(低发热型高炉水泥、粉煤灰混合低发热型高炉水泥、高贝利特水泥)、超高强度水泥、水泥系固化材料、生态水泥(以城市垃圾焚烧灰、下水污泥焚烧灰的1种以上作为原料制造的水泥)等。水泥中可以添加高炉矿渣、粉煤灰、煤渣灰、熟料灰、果壳灰、硅灰、硅粉、石灰石粉等微粉、石膏等。
另外,水泥组合物可以含有骨料。骨料可以是细骨料和粗骨料中的任一种。作为骨料,例如,可举出沙、砾石、碎石;矿渣;再生骨料等;二氧化硅、粘土、锆石、高铝、碳化硅、石墨、铬、铬铁矿、镁砂等耐火骨料。
(2)水泥分散剂
本发明中,水泥分散剂的种系没有特别限定。例如,可举出木质素磺酸系分散剂、多元醇衍生物系分散剂、三聚氰胺磺酸系分散剂、聚苯乙烯磺酸系分散剂、含氧羧酸盐等AE减水剂、萘磺酸系分散剂、氨基磺酸系分散剂、多元羧酸系分散剂等高性能AE减水剂。
作为木质素磺酸系分散剂,可举出SAN X SCL(日本制纸制),SAN X SCP(日本制纸制)、SAN X FDL(日本制纸制)、PEARLLEX(日本制纸制)、FLOWRIC VP10(FLOWRIC制)等。
作为含氧羧酸盐AE减水剂,可举出FLOWRIC SG(株式会社FLOWRIC制)、FLOWRIC RG(FLOWRIC制)、FLOWRIC PA(FLOWRIC制)、FLOWRIC T(FLOWRIC制)、FLOWRIC TG(FLOWRIC制)等。
作为多元羧酸系分散剂,可举出FLOWRIC AC(FLOWRIC制)、FLOWRIC SF500S(FLOWRIC制)、FLOWRIC SF500SK(FLOWRIC制)、FLOWRIC SF500H(FLOWRIC制)、FLOWRICSF500F(FLOWRIC制)、FLOWRIC SF500R(FLOWRIC制)、FLOWRIC SF500RK(FLOWRIC制)、FLOWRIC SF500HR(FLOWRIC制)、FLOWRIC SF500FR(FLOWRIC制)、FLOWRIC VP700(FLOWRIC制)、FLOWRIC VP900M(FLOWRIC制)、FLOWRIC VP900A(FLOWRIC制)、FLOWRIC PC(FLOWRIC制)、FLOWRIC SF500FP(FLOWRIC制)、FLOWRIC TN(FLOWRIC制)等。
作为萘磺酸系分散剂,可举出FLOWRIC PS(FLOWRIC制)、FLOWRIC PSR110(FLOWRIC制)等。
作为三聚氰胺磺酸系分散剂,可举出FLOWRIC MS(FLOWRIC制),FLOWRIC NSW(FLOWRIC制)等。
作为氨基磺酸系分散剂,可举出FLOWRIC SF200S(FLOWRIC制),FLOWRIC VP200(FLOWRIC制),FLOWRIC NM200(FLOWRIC制)等。
作为木质磺酸系分散剂和含氧羧酸盐AE减水剂的混合物,可举出FLOWRIC S(FLOWRIC制)、FLOWRIC SV(FLOWRIC制)、FLOWRIC R(FLOWRIC制),FLOWRIC RV(FLOWRIC制)等。
作为木质磺酸系分散剂和多元羧酸系分散剂的混合物,可举出FLOWRIC SV10L(FLOWRIC制)、FLOWRIC SV10(FLOWRIC制)、FLOWRIC SV10H(FLOWRIC制)、FLOWRIC RV10L(FLOWRIC制),FLOWRIC RV10(FLOWRIC制)、FLOWRIC RV10H(FLOWRIC制)、FLOWRIC SS500BB(FLOWRIC制)、FLOWRIC SS500BBR(FLOWRIC 制)等。
作为木质磺酸系分散剂和萘磺酸系分散剂的混合物,可举出FLOWRIC H60(FLOWRIC制)等。
作为含氧羧酸盐AE减水剂和多元羧酸系分散剂的混合物,可举出FLOWRIC SV10K(FLOWRIC制)、FLOWRIC RV10K(FLOWRIC制)、FLOWRIC FBP(FLOWRIC制)、FLOWRIC SF500SK(FLOWRIC制)等。
(3)其他
本发明的水泥组合物除了水泥、水泥分散剂,还可以并用水溶性高分子、高分子乳液、引气剂、水泥湿润剂、溶胀剂、防水剂、阻滞剂、增稠剂、凝结剂、干燥收缩减少剂、强度增进剂、固化促进剂、消泡剂、AE剂、分离减少剂、自流平剂、防锈剂、着色剂、防霉剂、其他表面活性剂等公知的水泥用添加剂。这些可以单独使用,也可以使用2种以上。
上述的水泥组合物例如作为预拌混凝土、混凝土2次制品(预制混凝土)用的混凝土、离心成型用混凝土、振动压实混凝土,蒸气熟化混凝土,喷涂混凝土等混凝土是有效的。并且,作为中流动混凝土(坍落度为22~25cm的范围的混凝土)、高流动混凝土(坍落度为25cm以上、坍落度流值为50~70cm的范围的混凝土)、自填充性混凝土、自流平材料等要求具有高流动性的砂浆或者混凝土也是有效的。
实施例
以下举出实验例进一步具体说明本发明,本发明不受该实验例限定。另外,本说明书中只要没有特别记载,浓度、份等就是重量基准,数值范围包含其端点记载。
实验1:二氧化硅/氧化铝粒子和纤维素纤维的复合体的合成
<样品1(图1)>
将含有硬木漂白牛皮纸浆2.2g(LBKP,纤维长度:0.7mm,加拿大标准滤水度CSF:400mL)的水性悬浮液500mL加入1L容量的树脂容器,用实验室搅拌机搅拌(500rpm)。向该水性悬浮液滴加硫酸铝水溶液(工业用液体硫酸铝,氧化铝换算计约1.6%)约2分钟直到pH=3.9后,以维持pH=3.9的方式同时滴加硫酸铝水溶液(工业用液体硫酸铝,氧化铝换算计约1.6%,30g)和硅酸钠水溶液(和光纯药,浓度5%,72g)约30分钟,合成二氧化硅/氧化铝微粒和纤维的复合体。滴加使用蠕动泵,反应温度约为25℃。
<样品2(图2)>
将含有针叶树漂白牛皮纸浆4.4g(NBKP,纤维长度:1.0mm,加拿大标准滤水度CSF:360mL)的水性悬浮液880mL加入2L容积的树脂制容器,用实验室搅拌机搅拌(600rpm)。向该水性悬浮液滴加硫酸铝水溶液(工业用液体硫酸铝,以氧化铝换算计约1.6%)约2分钟直到pH=3.9后,以维持pH=3.9的方式同时滴加硫酸铝水溶液(工业用液体硫酸铝,以氧化铝换算计约1.6%,25g)和硅酸钠水溶液(和光纯药,浓度5%,41g)约30分钟,合成二氧化硅/氧化铝微粒和纤维的复合体。滴加使用蠕动泵,反应温度约为25℃。
<样品3(图3)>
向含有样品2的反应液通过蠕动泵进一步滴加硅酸钠水溶液(和光纯药,浓度5%,44g)约4分钟直到pH=8.3,得到复合体样品。
<样品4(图4)>
将含有针叶树漂白牛皮纸浆200g(NBKP,纤维长度:1.6,mm,加拿大标准滤水度CSF:510mL)的水性悬浮液24L加入金属制的搅拌装置(35L容积),边加热到45℃边搅拌(300rpm)。向该水性悬浮液中滴加硫酸铝水溶液(工业用液体硫酸铝,以氧化铝换算计约2.7%)约5分钟直到pH=4.1后,以维持pH=4的方式同时滴加硫酸铝水溶液(工业用液体硫酸铝,以氧化铝换算计约2.7%,1660g)和硅酸钠水溶液(和光纯药,浓度8%,3025g)约90分钟。滴加使用蠕动泵,反应温度约为45℃。滴加后,直接搅拌约30分钟后,再次滴加硅酸钠水溶液(和光纯药,浓度8%,565g)约30分钟,调整为pH=8.0。通过以上合成二氧化硅/氧化铝微粒和纤维的复合体。
<样品5(图5)>
将含有针叶树漂白牛皮纸浆4.4g(NBKP,纤维长度:0.9mm,加拿大标准滤水度CSF:360mL)的水性悬浮液900mL加入2L容积的树脂制容器,用实验室搅拌机搅拌(600rpm)。向该水性悬浮液中滴加硫酸铝水溶液(工业用液体硫酸铝,以氧化铝换算计约2.7%)约4分钟直到pH=3.8后,以维持pH=4的方式同时滴加硫酸铝水溶液(工业用液体硫酸铝,以氧化铝换算计约2.7%,156g)和硅酸钠水溶液(和光纯药,浓度8%,265g)约60分钟。滴加使用蠕动泵,反应温度约为25℃。其后,仅滴加硅酸钠水溶液(和光纯药,浓度8%,200g)约80分钟,调整为pH=7.3。通过以上合成二氧化硅/氧化铝微粒和纤维的复合体。
<样品6(图6)>
将含有聚丙烯纤维6.5g(通过Niagara beater叩解机将CSF调整为824mL后,原料的聚丙烯纤维为TOABO MATERIAL制,纤维长度6mm)的水性悬浮液1060mL加入2L容积的树脂制容器,边加热到45℃边用实验室搅拌机搅拌(500rpm)。滴加向该水性悬浮液中硫酸铝水溶液(工业用液体硫酸铝,以氧化铝换算计约2.7%)约2分钟直到pH=3.7后,以维持pH=4的方式同时滴加硫酸铝水溶液(工业用液体硫酸铝,以氧化铝换算计约2.7%,40g)和硅酸钠水溶液(和光纯药,浓度5%,122g)约80分钟。滴加使用蠕动泵,反应温度约为45℃。通过以上合成二氧化硅/氧化铝微粒和聚丙烯纤维的复合体。
<样品7(比较例,图7)>
将含有漂白牛皮纸浆1.1g(LBKP/NBKP=8/2,平均纤维长度:0.68mm,加拿大标准滤水度CSF:50mL)的水性悬浮液220mL加入500mL容积的树脂制容器,用实验室搅拌机搅拌(400rpm)。向该水性悬浮液中添加全部硫酸铝水溶液(工业用液体硫酸铝,以氧化铝换算计约0.8%,17g)后(pH=3.8),用蠕动泵滴加(0.6g/min)硅酸钠水溶液(小宗化学,浓度10%,55g)。反应温度约为20℃,最终pH为8.0。如上合成二氧化硅/氧化铝微粒和纤维的复合体。
<样品8(比较例,图8)>
将含有硬木漂白牛皮纸浆2.2g(LBKP,纤维长度:0.7mm,加拿大标准滤水度CSF:400mL)的水性悬浮液500mL加入1L容积的树脂制容器,用实验室搅拌机搅拌(500rpm)。以维持pH=8.0的方式向该水性悬浮液中同时滴加硫酸铝水溶液(工业用液体硫酸铝,以氧化铝换算计约1.6%,20g)和硅酸钠水溶液(和光纯药,浓度5%,72g)约25分钟。滴加使用蠕动泵,反应温度约为25℃。如上合成二氧化硅/氧化铝微粒和纤维的复合体。
<样品9(比较例,图9)>
将含有硬木漂白牛皮纸浆2.2g(LBKP,纤维长度:0.7mm,加拿大标准滤水度CSF:400mL)的水性悬浮液500mL加入1L容积的树脂制容器,用实验室搅拌机搅拌(500rpm)。以维持pH=4.7的方式向该水性悬浮液中同时滴加硫酸铝水溶液(工业用液体硫酸铝,以氧化铝换算计约1.6%,18g)和硅酸钠水溶液(和光纯药,浓度5%,62g)约40分钟。其后,仅滴加硅酸钠水溶液(和光纯药,浓度5%,10g)约10分钟,调整为pH=8.1。滴加使用蠕动泵,反应温度约为26℃。如上合成二氧化硅/氧化铝微粒和纤维的复合体。
<样品10(比较例,图10)>
将漂白牛皮纸浆60g(LBKP/NBKP=8/2,平均纤维长度:0.68mm,CSF:约50mL)和硫酸铝水溶液(工业用液体硫酸铝,氧化铝换算0.8%,58mL)混合,加入自来水12L(pH=约4.0)。将该水性悬浮液12L加入45L容积的空化装置,向反应容器滴加硅酸钠(以SiO2换算计约30%)380g,在pH约为9.1的阶段停止反应。如上合成二氧化硅/氧化铝和纤维的复合体。
复合体的合成与日本特开2015-199660号公报的实验3-4同样地进行。即,使图11所示反应溶液循环向反应容器内喷射,使反应容器内产生空化气泡。具体而言,经由喷嘴(喷嘴径:1.5mm)以高压喷射反应溶液而产生空化气泡,喷流速度约为70m/s,入口压力(上游压)为7MPa,出口压力(下游压)为0.3MPa。
[表1]
将得到的复合体样品分别用乙醇清洗后,通过电子显微镜进行观察。其结果,任一样品中一次粒径为5~20nm左右的无机物质覆盖纤维表面,观察到自固定的样子。
另外,对得到的复合体测定纤维表面的被覆率,本发明的实施例即样品1~6均是被覆率为85%以上,相对于此,样品7~10的被覆率为18%以下。纤维表面的被覆率(被无机粒子覆盖的面积的比例)是对用电子显微镜以倍率1万倍拍摄的图像,以存在无机物的位置为(白),存在纤维的位置为(黑)的方式进行二值化处理,计算并测定相对于图像整体的白色部分、即存在无机物的部分的比例(面积率)。被覆率的测定使用图像处理软件(Image J,美国国立卫生研究所)。
并且,对各样品,将无机粒子的重量比例(无机分量)和定影效率示于表。这里,重量比例(重量比)是通过使用滤纸(Advantech,No5B)的抽滤将复合体浆料滤出后,由残渣在525℃加热约2小时后,残留的灰的重量和原来残渣的固体成分的比率求出(JIS P 8251:2003)。可知如果进行使用滤纸的抽滤,则二氧化硅/氧化铝的情况下,遊离的无机分通过滤纸且不残留于残渣侧。因此,认为通过该测定法测定的无机成分量,简易地表示无机物在纤维的固定量。另外,“定影效率”是由“(使用滤纸测定的无机成分量)/(由硅酸钠的装料量计算的无机成分量)”的公式计算的百分率。
实验2:复合体片的制造
2-1.复合体片的制造1
由实验1中得到的复合体制造单位面积重量60g/m2的圆形片(半径:约4.5cm)。具体而言,由样品1、7、8的水性浆料,通过使用滤纸(Advantech,No5B)的抽滤形成湿纸,干燥得到片A~C。
基于JIS P 8251:2003对得到的片无机分量(灰分)进行测定。
·片A(样品1)的无机分量:40.4%
·片B(样品7)的无机分量:9.8%
·片C(样品8)的无机分量:3.6%
另外,对得到的片评价其燃烧性。具体而言,分别将上述的片A~C,大致切成一半的半月状样品的末端通过煤气燃烧器点燃,观察火蔓延情况。
片A的延烧速度慢,火焰也几乎没有增加。样品的约一半被烧尽时会发生自熄(图12)。另一方面,片B和C的火焰升高并延烧,全部灰化(未图示)。
2-2.复合体片的制造2
由上述实验1得到的复合体制造单位面积重量100g/m2的圆形片(半径:约8cm)。具体而言,在样品5的水性浆料中添加阳离子性助留剂(ND300,Himo公司制)100ppm,阴离子性助留剂(FA230,Himo公司制)100ppm,以500rpm搅拌,制备纸料,由得到的纸料根据JISP8222:2015使用150目的线制成手抄片。
根基JIS P 8251:2003对得到的片的无机分量(灰分)进行测定,结果为65.2%,可以制成高填充有无机物的片。
实验3
3-1.无机质板的制造
将样品4的浆料使用100目的金属制筛进行脱水。用手从上方按压在网上的样品直到不再排出水的时刻结束脱水,放入35L容积的桶中。将诶这,向加入了脱水纸浆的桶中加入25L的自来水,进行再分散。用与上述相同的方法进行脱水和再分散,合计脱水3次。将脱水后的样品的电子显微镜照片示于图13,无机分(灰分)为30%,定影率高。
接着,可以按下述的顺序制造无机质板。
(1)将脱水的样品4(10份)和自来水(100份)投入10L容积的搅拌机中,以600rpm搅拌约1分钟后,添加波特兰水泥(KOMERI,100份)搅拌约5分钟。
(2)向底为网状的框中流入水泥组合物,脱模后,在60℃进行8小时蒸气熟化。
(3)在100℃干燥直至恒量,得到无机质板。
3-2.树脂颗粒的制造
可以由实验1中得到的样品1按下述的顺序制造树脂颗粒。
(1)将样品1的浆料使用50目的进行分级,除去长纤维成分后,将短纤维组分使用500目的金属筛进一步脱水。用手从上方按压留在筛上的残渣进行脱水直到不再排出水,得到脱水的样品1。
(2)将脱水的样品1作为填料添加到树脂中。树脂使用聚丙烯(PP,Prime Polymer制,J105G),向树脂6.2kg中添加干燥重量3kg的样品1,0.8g相溶化剂(三洋化成制,Umex1010),加入离子交换水调整为固体成分为50%。
(3)充分混合后,用二轴混练机一边蒸发水分一边熔融混练,得到复合物的颗粒。
3-3.无机质板的制造
由实验1中得到的样品1按下述的顺序制造无机质板。
(1)将氢氧化钙(和光纯药)和无水硅酸(和光纯药)按CaO:SiO2的摩尔比为1:1的方式混合,加入自来水,得到调整为浓度7%的混合浆料10L。
(2)高压釜中搅拌下,以温度210℃、压力19kgf/cm2进行4小时水热合成反应,得到硅酸钙水合物浆料。
(3)向上述硅酸钙水合物浆料中加入相对于浆料中的硅酸钙水合物90重量份为5份的样品1,硅灰石(纤维直径20μm,纤维长度260μm,美国产),用混合机均匀混合。
(4)向底为网状的框中流入上述组合物,脱模后,在60℃蒸气熟化8小时。
(5)在100℃干燥直到恒量,得到无机质板。
3-4.模制品的制造
将实验1中得到的样品加入130L的桶中,加入自来水制备浓度0.6%的浆料(20L)。将底为网的模具安装到吸水扫除机的前端,将模具沉入装有样品的桶中后,马上开始吸引。吸引5秒左右后,提起模具,直接接续30秒吸引。结束吸引后,从模具中取出内容物,在100℃的烘箱中干燥3小时,由此得到复合纤维的模制品。得到的模制品的无机物成分(灰分)为32%。
4.摩擦试验
<复合体(样品A)的合成(图14)>
将含有硬木漂白牛皮纸浆157g(LBKP,纤维长度:0.72mm,加拿大标准滤水度CSF:500mL)的水性悬浮液12L加入30L容积的容器中,用搅拌器搅拌(300rpm)。向该水性悬浮液中滴加硫酸铝水溶液(工业用液体硫酸铝,以氧化铝换算计约8.9%)约1分钟直到pH=3.9后,以维持pH=3.9的方式同时滴加硫酸铝水溶液(工业用液体硫酸铝,以氧化铝换算计约8.9%,1380g)和硅酸钠水溶液(大阪硅曹,3.8倍希釈品,3664g)约75分钟,合成二氧化硅/氧化铝微粒和纤维的复合体。滴加使用蠕动泵,反应温度约为25℃。
<复合体(样品A)的评价>
对得到的样品的灰分、被覆率与实验1-1同样地测定,结果,灰分为12%,被覆率为86%。另外,用X射线衍射装置(岛津)对用于灰分测定的灰进行测定,结果,未观察到明确的结晶峰,确认该样品是非晶的。进一步用荧光X射线装置(Bruker)测定该灰,确认Si/Al为7.1。
<手抄片的制作>
将复合体(样品A)用开口尺寸100μm的金属筛进行脱水、清洗。向得到的残渣加入自来水使浓度约为0.5%而制备。边将浆料用三合一电机搅拌(500rpm),边添加液体硫酸铝(工业品,对固形分1.5%)和阴离子性助留剂(FA230,Himo,对固形分100ppm)、阳离子性助留剂(ND300,Himo,对固体成分100ppm)。将该浆料作为原料,根据JIS P8222:2015使用150目的线用方形手抄器制成单位面积重量约80g/m2的手抄片。
同样地样品A的制造中使用的LBKP也制成片。
<摩擦试验>
使用ISO摩擦试验器(野村商事)对上述得到的样品A和LBKP的片的F面(毛毡面)按照ISO 15359:1999进行摩擦试验。第一次的静摩擦系数示于表2。根据该结果,确认了使二氧化硅/氧化铝固定于表面的纸浆与未固定的片相比具有更高的静摩擦性能。
[表2]
Claims (12)
1.一种复合纤维的制造方法,是二氧化硅和/或氧化铝附着于纤维表面的复合纤维的制造方法,包含如下工序:
一边将含有纤维的反应液的pH维持在4.6以下,一边在纤维上合成二氧化硅和/或氧化铝。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述纤维为纤维素纤维、合成纤维、半合成纤维或者再生纤维。
3.根据权利要求1或者2所述的方法,其中,使用无机酸或铝盐中的任一者以上和碱金属硅酸盐来合成二氧化硅和/或氧化铝。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的方法,其中,使用硫酸或硫酸铝、以及硅酸钠进行合成。
5.根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的方法,其中,纤维复合体上的二氧化硅和/或氧化铝的平均一次粒径为100nm以下。
6.根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的方法,其中,纤维复合体上的二氧化硅和/或氧化铝是非晶质的。
7.根据权利要求1~6中任一项所述的方法,其中,包含在纤维上合成二氧化硅和/或氧化铝前将所述纤维进行叩解的步骤。
8.一种片材的制造方法,由含有通过权利要求1~7中任一项所述的方法制造的复合纤维的浆料使用抄纸机连续地形成片。
9.一种复合纤维,是二氧化硅和/或氧化铝附着于纤维表面的复合纤维,
纤维表面的30%以上被二氧化硅和/或氧化铝的无机粒子被覆。
10.根据权利要求9所述的复合纤维,其中,附着于纤维表面的二氧化硅和/或氧化铝是非晶质的。
11.含有权利要求9或10所述的复合纤维的片、模制品、板或者树脂。
12.一种水泥组合物,含有权利要求9~11中任一项所述的复合纤维。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2018-028799 | 2018-02-21 | ||
JP2018028799 | 2018-02-21 | ||
JP2018-088003 | 2018-05-01 | ||
JP2018088003 | 2018-05-01 | ||
PCT/JP2019/005508 WO2019163659A1 (ja) | 2018-02-21 | 2019-02-15 | 繊維複合体およびその製造方法 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN111742096A true CN111742096A (zh) | 2020-10-02 |
Family
ID=67687823
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201980014727.6A Pending CN111742096A (zh) | 2018-02-21 | 2019-02-15 | 纤维复合体及其制造方法 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20210054563A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP3757283A4 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP7199412B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN111742096A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2019163659A1 (zh) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114199713A (zh) * | 2021-12-13 | 2022-03-18 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | 一种铝用炭素粉料的检测方法及其应用 |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP7123178B2 (ja) * | 2019-09-06 | 2022-08-22 | 日本製紙株式会社 | セルロース繊維と無機粒子の複合繊維およびその製造方法 |
CN114174388A (zh) | 2019-09-20 | 2022-03-11 | 日本制纸株式会社 | 含有纤维与无机粒子的复合纤维的颗粒 |
CN115709998B (zh) * | 2022-11-14 | 2023-03-31 | 国能龙源环保有限公司 | 一种焙烧废弃风电叶片制备白炭黑的方法 |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS51140924A (en) * | 1973-11-19 | 1976-12-04 | Sanden Orofu | Compound composed of modified cellulosic fiber and binder |
EP0020316A1 (en) * | 1979-06-01 | 1980-12-10 | Eka Ab | Surface-modified pigment of natural kaolin material and a process of producing same |
US5176891A (en) * | 1988-01-13 | 1993-01-05 | Eka Chemicals, Inc. | Polyaluminosilicate process |
US5185206A (en) * | 1988-09-16 | 1993-02-09 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Polysilicate microgels as retention/drainage aids in papermaking |
CN1995531A (zh) * | 2006-12-21 | 2007-07-11 | 上海交通大学 | 碳纤维表面二氧化硅涂层的制备方法 |
CN105390461A (zh) * | 2014-08-26 | 2016-03-09 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | 绝热片及其制造方法 |
TW201726779A (zh) * | 2015-09-30 | 2017-08-01 | Nippon Paper Industries Co Ltd | 纖維素纖維與無機粒子之複合體 |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS55154147A (en) * | 1979-05-22 | 1980-12-01 | Pioneer Electronic Corp | Sound-absorbing material |
US4927498A (en) * | 1988-01-13 | 1990-05-22 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Retention and drainage aid for papermaking |
DE68906623T2 (de) * | 1988-09-16 | 1993-11-11 | Du Pont | Polysilikatmikrogele als Rückhaltungs-/Entwässerungshilfsmittel bei der Papierherstellung. |
JPH05106199A (ja) * | 1991-10-15 | 1993-04-27 | Oji Paper Co Ltd | 抗菌性繊維 |
JP2804629B2 (ja) * | 1992-03-25 | 1998-09-30 | イー・アイ・デュポン・ドゥ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニー | 製紙における保持/水切り助剤としてのポリシリケートミクロゲル |
FR2689530B1 (fr) * | 1992-04-07 | 1996-12-13 | Aussedat Rey | Nouveau produit complexe a base de fibres et de charges, et procede de fabrication d'un tel nouveau produit. |
JPH05345650A (ja) * | 1992-06-16 | 1993-12-27 | Kubota Corp | 難燃化繊維補強セメント板の製造方法 |
JP4220003B2 (ja) * | 1997-11-25 | 2009-02-04 | ニチハ株式会社 | 無機質成形板およびその製造方法 |
JP3894529B2 (ja) * | 1999-06-28 | 2007-03-22 | ニチアス株式会社 | 除湿剤、除湿素子及びその製造方法 |
WO2005012605A2 (ja) * | 2003-08-04 | 2005-02-10 | Daiwabo Co., Ltd. | フィラー固着繊維、繊維構造物及び繊維成形体並びにそれらの製造方法 |
TWI654141B (zh) * | 2014-03-31 | 2019-03-21 | 日商日本製紙股份有限公司 | Calcium carbonate microparticles and method of producing the same |
JP6374824B2 (ja) * | 2014-03-31 | 2018-08-15 | 日本製紙株式会社 | 繊維複合体およびその製造方法 |
JP2015221737A (ja) * | 2014-05-23 | 2015-12-10 | 旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社 | 多孔質体 |
JP6769690B2 (ja) * | 2014-11-07 | 2020-10-14 | 旭化成株式会社 | 粉体、その成形体及び被包体 |
WO2020036000A1 (ja) * | 2018-08-17 | 2020-02-20 | 日本製紙株式会社 | 繊維と無機粒子を含む構造体の分析方法 |
-
2019
- 2019-02-15 EP EP19758209.1A patent/EP3757283A4/en active Pending
- 2019-02-15 US US16/964,597 patent/US20210054563A1/en active Pending
- 2019-02-15 JP JP2020501726A patent/JP7199412B2/ja active Active
- 2019-02-15 CN CN201980014727.6A patent/CN111742096A/zh active Pending
- 2019-02-15 WO PCT/JP2019/005508 patent/WO2019163659A1/ja unknown
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS51140924A (en) * | 1973-11-19 | 1976-12-04 | Sanden Orofu | Compound composed of modified cellulosic fiber and binder |
US4033913A (en) * | 1973-11-19 | 1977-07-05 | Olof Sunden | Cellulose and cellulose products modified by silicic acid |
EP0020316A1 (en) * | 1979-06-01 | 1980-12-10 | Eka Ab | Surface-modified pigment of natural kaolin material and a process of producing same |
US5176891A (en) * | 1988-01-13 | 1993-01-05 | Eka Chemicals, Inc. | Polyaluminosilicate process |
US5185206A (en) * | 1988-09-16 | 1993-02-09 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Polysilicate microgels as retention/drainage aids in papermaking |
CN1995531A (zh) * | 2006-12-21 | 2007-07-11 | 上海交通大学 | 碳纤维表面二氧化硅涂层的制备方法 |
CN105390461A (zh) * | 2014-08-26 | 2016-03-09 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | 绝热片及其制造方法 |
TW201726779A (zh) * | 2015-09-30 | 2017-08-01 | Nippon Paper Industries Co Ltd | 纖維素纖維與無機粒子之複合體 |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114199713A (zh) * | 2021-12-13 | 2022-03-18 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | 一种铝用炭素粉料的检测方法及其应用 |
CN114199713B (zh) * | 2021-12-13 | 2024-04-23 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | 一种铝用炭素粉料的检测方法及其应用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2019163659A1 (ja) | 2021-02-18 |
EP3757283A1 (en) | 2020-12-30 |
JP7199412B2 (ja) | 2023-01-05 |
WO2019163659A1 (ja) | 2019-08-29 |
EP3757283A4 (en) | 2021-12-01 |
US20210054563A1 (en) | 2021-02-25 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP6820971B2 (ja) | 繊維複合体およびその製造方法 | |
JP6516854B2 (ja) | セルロース繊維と無機粒子の複合体 | |
JP6661644B2 (ja) | 炭酸マグネシウム微粒子と繊維との複合体、および、その製造方法 | |
CN111742096A (zh) | 纤维复合体及其制造方法 | |
WO2015152283A1 (ja) | 炭酸カルシウム微粒子と繊維との複合体、および、その製造方法 | |
JP6742867B2 (ja) | 無機炭酸塩の製造方法 | |
JP6504885B2 (ja) | 炭酸カルシウム微粒子を含む製品 | |
JP2021011674A (ja) | セルロース繊維と無機粒子の複合繊維およびその製造方法 | |
JP7065563B2 (ja) | 難燃材料 | |
JP2022133416A (ja) | セルロース繊維と無機粒子の複合繊維およびその製造方法 | |
JP2021025177A (ja) | 難燃化した複合繊維およびその製造方法 | |
JP2021025003A (ja) | 難燃化した複合繊維およびその製造方法 | |
JP6744241B2 (ja) | 炭酸マグネシウムと繊維の複合繊維の溶解抑制 | |
JP2021025181A (ja) | 難燃化した複合繊維およびその製造方法 | |
JP2021075599A (ja) | 複合繊維を含む難燃材料およびその製造方法 | |
JP7274639B2 (ja) | 難燃材料 | |
JP2023140486A (ja) | 繊維と無機粒子の複合体 | |
JP2021161561A (ja) | セルロース繊維と無機粒子の複合繊維の調製方法 | |
CN114174388A (zh) | 含有纤维与无机粒子的复合纤维的颗粒 | |
JP2022056827A (ja) | 排水処理方法 | |
JP2022156677A (ja) | 繊維と無機粒子の複合繊維の保管方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication | ||
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20201002 |