CN109618799B - Pruning method for planar four-main-branch tree form and application of pruning method in cultivation - Google Patents
Pruning method for planar four-main-branch tree form and application of pruning method in cultivation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a pruning method for a plane tree shape with four main branches and application thereof in cultivation, relating to the technical field of peach tree cultivation. The trimming method comprises the following steps: 1) fixing the trunk at the position of 30-50cm above the grafting opening of the peach tree; 2) selecting two strong branches in the north-south direction as trunks in 5-6 months; 3) in 7 months, inserting two bamboo poles at two sides of the peach tree plant respectively, and drawing the trunk to the two outermost bamboo poles respectively; 4) in month 8, selecting a secondary tip close to a fixed trunk point on the trunk as a new trunk, and respectively drawing the new trunk towards the inner side bamboo poles; the new stems grow vertically upward. The tree form can disperse nutrition to each trunk, the number of tree body bare-grown branches is small, and the labor for overall pruning is small; the yield of the fruit at the middle upper part of the tree body is increased, and the proportion and the quality of the big fruit are increased; increasing the line space.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of peach tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a pruning method for a planar four-main-branch tree shape and application of the pruning method in cultivation.
Background
In the Shanghai region, renting and labor costs are more and more expensive, and the benefit of conventional cultivation is lower, so that many fruit growers transform orchards into picking gardens to increase the income of the orchards. The peach variety with special, excellent and special effects, such as flat peach, nectarine and nectarine, can be planted under the condition of facility cultivation, is greatly influenced by weather, and is often seriously cracked when being cultivated in open field, and the commercial fruit rate is low. The facility peach cultivation can reduce the influence of weather on the fruit quality and picking activities and promote the early ripening of fruits, so the facility peach cultivation becomes the first choice for fruit growers. One of the main reasons for hindering the mechanization process of the peach industry is that the traditional open heart type tree-shaped rows are obstructed, and the machine cannot enter and exit. In addition, the temperature of the southern area is higher than that of the northern area, the leaf falling time of the fruit tree is later than that of the northern area, the rainwater is abundant in the growing season of the fruit tree, the peach tree in the southern area is vigorous in growth amount, more branches grow, the pruning amount is increased, meanwhile, the fruit visual property is poor due to excessive branches, the fruit taste is influenced, and the sugar degree of the fruits at the lower part of the tree body is far lower than that of the fruits at the middle-upper part. Due to the reasons, the southern area cannot use the mechanized production tree form in the northern area, so that the fruit grower needs an efficient peach cultivation mode which is convenient for mechanized operation, has good fruit quality and small new growth amount and is suitable for facility conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a pruning method for a planar four-main-branch tree form and an application thereof in cultivation, wherein the tree form can disperse nutrition to each trunk, the number of bare-grown branches of the tree body is small, and the total pruning labor is small; the fruit yield of the middle upper part of the tree body is increased, the proportion of big fruits is increased, and the fruit quality is improved; increase the space of line orientation, be convenient for orchard agricultural machine's the walking of passing through and sightseeing harvesting visitor.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a pruning method for a planar four-main-branch tree shape, which comprises the following steps: 1) fixing the trunk at the position of 30-50cm above the grafting opening of the peach tree;
2) selecting two branches in the south-north row direction as a first trunk and a second trunk in months of 5-6, and removing the rest branches;
3) in 7 months, inserting two bamboo poles at two sides of the peach tree plant respectively, wherein the distance between the two bamboo poles and the plant is 0.3-0.8 m and 1.2-1.8 m respectively; respectively drawing the first trunk and the second trunk obtained in the step 2) to two bamboo poles at the outer sides in the same direction;
4) and in the month of 8, selecting secondary tips, close to the fixed stem point, on the trunk in the step 2) as a third trunk and a fourth trunk, and respectively drawing the third trunk and the fourth trunk towards the bamboo poles at the inner sides in the same direction.
Preferably, 4-6 plump buds are contained in the upper part of the grafting opening of the peach tree in the step 1) within the range of 30-50 cm; the direction of the first bud below the cut of the fixed stem faces the row direction.
Preferably, the distance between the first trunk and the second trunk in step 2) is greater than 10 cm.
Preferably, in the step 3), during the traction, the included angle between the trunk and the base in the vertical direction is 30-40 degrees.
Preferably, after the traction in the step 4), trimming is further included; the pruning includes first winter pruning, second summer pruning and second winter pruning.
The invention also provides application of the pruning method for the planar four-main-branch tree form in cultivation for improving the quality of peach trees, which is characterized in that the peach trees are field-planted according to the north-south row direction, the peach trees are pruned into the planar four-main-branch tree form, and the row spacing of the field-planted trees is (3-5) mx (3-5) m.
Preferably, the planar four-main-branch tree shape has 4 trunks, the four trunks are located in the same plane in the vertical direction, and the plane is parallel to the row direction; the base parts of the four trunks are in a fan shape, and the end parts grow upwards in a vertical direction; the distance between every two adjacent trunk end parts in the four trunks is 0.8-1.2 m.
Preferably, bearing branches or bearing branch groups are planted on the 4 trunks, and the bearing branches or the small bearing branch groups on each trunk are uniformly and upwards arranged in a spiral shape; finally, the distance between every two branches in the row reaches 1 m.
Preferably, the planting time of the peach trees is from the leaves falling to the bud of the peach trees.
The invention provides a pruning method of a planar four-main-branch tree form, wherein four main branches are uniformly distributed on a plane parallel to a row direction, bearing branches or small bearing branch groups are directly planted on the main branches, no large side branches exist, the distance between the upper main branches is 1 meter, and the upper main branches vertically grow upwards.
The invention also provides application of the pruning method of the planar four-main-branch tree form in cultivation for improving the quality of the peach trees, the pruned tree form is utilized to increase the visibility of the middle and lower branches of the peach trees, the traditional three-dimensional fruit mode is changed into a planar fruit mode, the middle and lower fruits have good visibility, and the internal and external quality of the fruits is improved. The production can be initially carried out in the second year, and the early benefit is increased. In the embodiment of the invention, compared with the traditional trunk shape, the yield of the fruit at the middle upper part of the tree body is increased, the proportion of the big fruit is increased by 8-12%, the average soluble solid content of the fruit is increased by 0.5-1%, and the average single fruit weight is increased by 9-15 g; the tree form has more trunks, nutrition is dispersed on each trunk, the number of tree body bare branches is small, and the labor for overall pruning is small; the upper, middle and lower fruits of the tree shape can be seen by light, and the fruits are good in coloring, high in sweetness and excellent in quality; meanwhile, the tree body is parallel to the row direction, and no main branch exists between rows, so that the row direction space is increased, and convenience is brought to the passing of orchard agricultural machinery and the walking of sightseeing and picking tourists.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a planar four-main-branch tree pruning method according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing shoots formed after stem setting in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows the results of the second year in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows the results of the third year in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a third year fruiting shape of a stem;
FIG. 6 shows the results of the second year in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 shows the tree form in the winter of the second year after planting.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a pruning method for a planar four-main-branch tree shape, which comprises the following steps: 1) fixing the trunk at the position of 30-50cm above the grafting opening of the peach tree;
2) selecting two branches in the south-north row direction as a first trunk and a second trunk in months of 5-6, and removing the rest branches;
3) in 7 months, inserting two bamboo poles at two sides of the peach tree plant respectively, wherein the distance between the two bamboo poles and the plant is 0.3-0.8 m and 1.2-1.8 m respectively; respectively drawing the first trunk and the second trunk obtained in the step 2) to two bamboo poles at the outer sides in the same direction;
4) and in the month of 8, selecting secondary tips, close to the fixed stem point, on the trunk in the step 2) as a third trunk and a fourth trunk, and respectively drawing the third trunk and the fourth trunk towards the bamboo poles at the inner sides in the same direction.
In the pruning method, as shown in figure 1, the trunk is preferably fixed at a position of 30-50cm above the grafting opening of the peach tree. The variety and source of the peach tree of the present invention are not particularly limited, and an annual grafted seedling is preferable. In the invention, the buds of the peach tree are recurrent, 8 buds are spirally arranged in a circle, the position where the buds face outwards is found during pruning, and pruning is carried out above the buds. The upper part of a grafting opening of the peach tree preferably contains 4-6 plump buds within the range of 30-50 cm; the direction of the first bud below the cut of the fixed stem faces the row direction, so that the grown branch grows towards the row direction.
According to the method, two strong branches in the north-south direction are selected as a first trunk and a second trunk in the month of 5-6, and the rest branches are removed. The distance between two adjacent trunks is preferably larger than 10cm, so that the splitting phenomenon caused by too close distance between trunks is avoided. The invention preferably regulates and controls the growth vigor of the two main trunk branches, and avoids the difference of the thicknesses of the upper trunk and the lower trunk caused by the strong top dominant growth vigor of the upper trunk. The regulation and control mode of the invention is preferably to retract the upper branch, the retraction height is the same as the top of the lower branch, a new tip facing outwards is reserved at the retraction position, if the height is not suitable, an outward bud is reserved for cutting, and then the normal management is carried out. After two trunks are selected, the top growth advantage of each trunk is preferably kept, and the lateral branches influencing the prolonged growth of the main branches are timely removed, sprained or heavily truncated.
In 7 months, inserting two bamboo poles at two sides of a peach tree plant respectively, wherein the distance between the two bamboo poles and the plant is 0.3-0.8 m and 1.2-1.8 m respectively; respectively drawing the first trunk and the second trunk obtained in the step 2) to two bamboo poles at the outermost sides in the same direction. The included angle between the lateral branches and the vertical direction base part during traction is preferably 30-40 degrees, if the included angle is too large, the advantages of the trunk are weakened, vertical spindly branches can be generated, and the required tree shape cannot be achieved. The distance between the inner side bamboo poles of the two bamboo poles and the plant is preferably 0.4-0.6 m, and more preferably 0.5 m. The distance between the outer side bamboo poles of the two bamboo poles is preferably 1.3-1.7 m, more preferably 1.4-1.6 m, and most preferably 1.5m from the plant.
In the 8 th month, selecting secondary tips close to the fixed stem point on the first stem and the second stem in the step 2) as a third stem and a fourth stem, and respectively drawing the third stem and the fourth stem towards bamboo poles at the same inner side. In the invention, in 8 months, 2-time tips grow out, the secondary tips growing in the direction with stronger growth vigor on the first trunk branch and the second trunk branch close to the trunk fixing point are selected as new trunks to be drawn towards a middle bamboo pole, and the secondary tips are used as the middle trunks because the angles of the internal trunk branches are relatively upright, the angles of the external trunks are inclined, the growth vigor of the internal trunk branches is stronger than that of the external trunks, and the growth vigor of the external trunk branches must be strengthened to weaken the growth vigor of the branches of the internal trunk branches. After the traction, the invention preferably also comprises trimming; the pruning includes first winter pruning, second summer pruning and second winter pruning. The first-year winter pruning is preferably long-tip pruning, more preferably, branches which are too thick and dense are pruned, and the full buds of the extending heads of all trunks are cut short, so that the uniaxial extension of the central trunk is ensured. The summer scissors in the second year preferably remove the thick vigorous branches, timely remove the branches with the thickness exceeding that of chopsticks, timely cut the thick vigorous branches at the uppermost part, and keep the top end advantage of the trunk. The second-year winter pruning is preferably to retract bearing branches, old branches which bear fruits in the current year are retracted, newly formed bearing branches are left to bear fruits in the next year, the bearing branches are managed in the same way every year, when the height of the tree reaches the required height, the tree is retracted to thin and weak branches and the tree is headed, and the obtained tree form is shown in fig. 7. The tree height of the invention is preferably 3-3.5 m.
The invention also provides application of the pruning method for the planar four-main-branch tree form in cultivation for improving the quality of peach trees, wherein the peach trees are planted according to the north-south row direction, the peach trees are pruned into the planar four-main-branch tree form, and the row spacing of the planted trees is 4m multiplied by 4 m.
The planting time of the peach tree is from the leaf falling to the bud of the peach tree. The planting of the invention is preferably carried out under the condition of facilities, because the soil moisture in the facilities can be controlled, and the temperature and the humidity are high, the growth amount of the tree body is large, and a certain yield can be formed in the early stage. If the trees are cultivated in open fields, the trees grow in small quantities due to much rainwater, high soil humidity and poor root system air permeability, and early yield is difficult to guarantee.
In the application of the invention, the planar four-main-branch tree shape obtained by pruning has 4 trunks, the four trunks are positioned in the same plane in the vertical direction, and the plane is parallel to the row direction; the base parts of the four trunks are in a fan shape, and the end parts grow upwards in a vertical direction; the distance between the end parts of every two trunks in the four trunks is preferably 0.8-1.2 m, more preferably 1.9-1.1 m, and most preferably 1 m. According to the invention, the 4 trunks are preferably provided with bearing branches or small bearing branch groups, and the bearing branches or small bearing branch groups on each trunk are uniformly and upwards arranged in a spiral shape; finally, the distance between every two branches in the row reaches 1 m.
The method for pruning a planar four-main-branch tree form and the application thereof in cultivation provided by the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Variety: huyou 277, nectarine, 6 months and 15 days in the mature period, and are fixedly planted in the facility multi-span greenhouse of the village and test base of Shanghai Shangxian county academy of agricultural sciences, the length of the greenhouse is 100m, the width of the greenhouse is 64m, and 8 multi-span greenhouse is formed. The planting time is 2016 years spring. The row spacing of the planting density plants is 4m multiplied by 4m, 42 plants are planted per mu, and the north and south directions are provided.
The height of the graft is 30-50cm, and 4-6 plump buds are left. The first terminal bud under the cut is oriented to the row direction, the new growth vigor is shown in figure 2 in 5-6 months, two strong branches in the north-south row direction are selected as trunks, and the rest branches are removed. The distance between the two main branches is more than 10cm, the heights of the two main branches are kept to be equal through retraction or truncation, and then the management is carried out normally. The growth advantage of the top end of each main branch is kept, and the lateral branches influencing the prolonged growth of the main branches are timely removed, strained or heavily truncated.
Inserting bamboo poles in 7 months, wherein the distance between the bamboo poles is 1 meter, and the distance between the positions of the bamboo poles and the plants is 0.5m and 1.5 m. And (3) drawing the two main branches to the two outermost bamboo poles, wherein an included angle between the side branches and the base in the vertical direction is 30-40 degrees during drawing.
And in 8 months, selecting a secondary tip which is close to a fixed trunk point and grows upwards in a strong growing direction on the first selected main branch as a main branch, and drawing towards a middle bamboo pole.
Pruning is carried out in winter in the first year, long tips are adopted for pruning, branches which are too thick and dense are cut off, and the full buds of the extending heads of all the trunks are cut short, so that the single-axis extension of the central trunk is ensured.
And (3) pruning in summer in the next year, timely thinning out branches with the thickness exceeding that of chopsticks, timely pruning the thick and vigorous branches at the uppermost part, and keeping the top advantages of the trunk.
And when the trees are cut in winter in the second year, retracting old branches which bear fruits in the current year, thinning and removing the thick branches which are too dense, managing the old branches every year, and retracting the old branches to thin and weak branches and heading when the tree height reaches the required height.
By using the method, the fruiting state in the second year after planting is shown in figure 3, the fruiting state in the third year is shown in figure 4, the fruiting number in each tree is 120, the average single fruit weight is 157g, the average yield in each tree is 18kg, the yield per mu is 792kg, the soluble solid is 9.61, the appearance is well colored, and the fruits are uniform.
Comparative example:
1.1 materials: huyou 277' is an early-maturing nectarine strain bred by Shanghai academy of agricultural sciences, and the maturing period is 6 months and 15 days.
1.2, site: in the multi-span greenhouse of the farm institute village and village test base in Shanghai city.
1.3 planting mode: 1, trunk shape, only one permanent trunk without large lateral branches, and cultivation density of 2m multiplied by 4 m. 2, four main branches are planar, 4 main branches are reserved in the row direction, no big branch group is reserved on the main branches, and the row spacing of the plants is 4m multiplied by 4 m. The trunk shape and fruiting shape at 3 years old are shown in FIG. 5.
When the fruit is ripe, 3 trees are selected, the trunk part of the bearing branch growing at the bottommost part is upwards to the section of trunk at the top of the tree body, the section of trunk is evenly divided into an upper section, a middle section and a lower section according to the length of the section of trunk, the fruit of the bearing branch corresponding to each section is the fruit of the section, the fruit on each tree is completely harvested according to the upper part, the middle part and the lower part, the number of the fruit trees is counted, and the result is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 influence of different Tree forms on fruit number
The upper, middle and lower parts of the four-plane tree form are respectively 24, 14 and 6 fruits more than the trunk shape, the total fruit quantity of the trunk shape is 76, and the four-plane tree form is 120 which is 1.57 times of the trunk shape.
The total weight of the fruits at the upper, middle and lower parts is counted, and the result is shown in the table 2:
TABLE 2 Effect of Tree shape on the Total weight of fruit at different positions
| Fruit weight (g) | Trunk | Siping | Difference value |
| On the upper part | 3716 | 7832 | 4115 |
| In | 3679 | 6071 | 2392 |
| Lower part | 3708 | 5001 | 1293 |
| Total weight of | 11103 | 18903 | 7800 |
The upper, middle and lower parts of the four-plane tree shape are 4115g, 2392g and 1293g respectively heavier than the trunk shape, the total fruit weight of the trunk shape is 11103g, and the four-plane shape is 18903g which is 1.70 times of the trunk shape.
The average single fruit weight of the upper, middle and lower three parts is counted, and the result is shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 influence of the Tree shape on the fruit weight per fruit in different parts
| Average single fruit weight (g) | Trunk | Siping | Difference value |
| On the upper part | 169 | 175 | 5 |
| In | 140 | 157 | 16 |
| Lower part | 134 | 141 | 6 |
| Average | 148 | 157 | 9 |
The upper, middle and lower parts of the four-plane tree form are respectively 4, 16 and 6 fruits more than the trunk shape, the total average single fruit weight of the trunk shape is 148g, the four-plane tree form is 157g, and the fruit weight of the four-plane tree form is 9g more than that of the trunk shape.
The soluble solid content of the upper, middle and lower three parts is counted, and the result is shown in table 4:
TABLE 4 influence of different tree forms on the solid content of the fruit at different positions
The soluble solid content of the upper, middle and lower parts of the four-plane tree is respectively 0.75 percent, 0.25 percent and 0.41 percent more than that of the main stem, the average soluble solid content of the main stem is 8.51 percent, and the soluble solid content of the four-plane tree is 8.98 percent and 0.47 percent more than that of the main stem.
In each tree form, 15 fruits with the same size, color and maturity are respectively adopted at the periphery of the middle parts of the east and west sides of the whole row of trees, the total number of the fruits is 30, the soluble solid content and the hardness of the fruits are measured, and the data are shown in table 5:
TABLE 5 influence of different Tree pairs on the solid content and hardness
| Trunk shape | Four major planar shapes | Difference value | |
| Fixable (%) | 8.60 | 9.61 | 1.02 |
| Hardness (kg/cm)2) | 6.02 | 6.49 | 0.47 |
The shape of the four main planes of the soluble solid of the fruit at the light-exposed part of the middle upper part of the tree body in the whole garden is higher than 1.02, the hardness is higher than 0.47, and the performance is excellent.
Classifying the fruits according to the classification standard of the precocious peaches and the mature period, wherein the fruits with the weight of more than or equal to 150g are called first-class fruits, and the relationship between precocious varieties and big, medium and small fruits is shown in a table 6:
TABLE 6 grading Standard of fruits at different ripening stages
| Specification of | Small (S) | Middle (M) | Large (L) |
| Variety of extremely early maturing stage | ＜90 | 90～120 | ≥120 |
| Early maturing variety | ＜120 | 120～150 | ≥150 |
| Middle-aged variety | ＜150 | 150～200 | ≥200 |
| Late-maturing variety | ＜180 | 180～250 | ≥250 |
| Variety of extremely late maturing | ＜150 | 150～200 | ≥200 |
The number of first-grade fruits in the upper, middle and lower three fruits is counted, and the results are shown in the table 7:
TABLE 7 influence of different parts of different tree forms on fruit
The proportion of the upper, middle and lower level fruits of the four-plane tree is respectively 6.19 percent, 4.81 percent and 0.27 percent more than that of the main stem, the total proportion of the first level fruits of the main stem is 52.01 percent, the proportion of the four-plane tree is 63.29 percent and the proportion of the four-plane tree is 11.27 percent more than that of the main stem.
The circumference was measured 5cm above the grafting opening using a metric ruler, and the length was marked on a bamboo pole, and then the east-west length and the south-north length of the crown were investigated with the bamboo pole. The measurement results are shown in table 8:
TABLE 8 influence of different Tree forms on Tree bodies
| High (m) | East west (m) | North-south (m) | Diameter is large (cm) | |
| Trunk shape | 2.87 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 3.5 |
| Four major planar shapes | 2.63 | 2.13 | 3.63 | 4.0 |
The crown width of the tree body in the south-north direction in the whole garden is increased by 1.73m, and the tree body grows vigorously.
Counting the number of branch groups on different tree forms, wherein the length of the short fruit branch is 0-10cm, the length of the middle fruit branch is 10-30cm, the length of the long fruit branch is 30-60cm, and the length of the bare fruit branch is more than 60 cm. The statistical results are shown in table 9:
TABLE 9 Effect of Tree form on different fruit Tree Branch groups
| Twig of bare foot | Branches of long fruit | Chinese branch | Short fruit branch | Total amount of fruit branches | |
| Trunk shape | 23 | 13 | 8 | 4 | 48 |
| Four major planar shapes | 30 | 26 | 10 | 4 | 70 |
| Difference value | 7 | 13 | 2 | 0 | 22 |
By using the four main planes, the quantity of each branch group can be increased, and the total branch quantity is increased by 22.
Example 2
Variety: 'Shanghai oil 338', yellow peach, mature period 6 months and 18 days, planting in facility multi-span greenhouse, the length of the greenhouse is 100m, the width is 64m, 8 multi-span greenhouse. The planting time is 2016 years spring. The row spacing of the planting density plants is 4m multiplied by 4m, 42 plants are planted per mu, and the north and south directions are provided.
The height of the graft is 30-50cm, and 4-6 plump buds are left. The first terminal bud under the cut is oriented to the row direction, two branches with strong growth vigor in the north-south direction are selected as trunks according to the new growth situation in 5-6 months, and the rest branches are removed. The distance between the two main branches is more than 10cm, and the heights of the two main branches are kept to be equal through retraction or truncation. And then normally managing. The growth advantage of the top end of each main branch is kept, and the lateral branches influencing the prolonged growth of the main branches are timely removed, strained or heavily truncated.
Inserting bamboo poles in 7 months, wherein the distance between the bamboo poles is 1m, and the distance between the positions of the bamboo poles and the plants is 0.5m and 1.5 m. And (3) drawing the two main branches to the two outermost bamboo poles, wherein an included angle between the side branches and the base in the vertical direction is 30-40 degrees during drawing.
And in 8 months, selecting a secondary tip which is close to a fixed trunk point and grows upwards in a strong growing direction on the first selected main branch as a main branch, and drawing towards a middle bamboo pole.
Pruning is carried out in winter in the first year, long tips are adopted for pruning, branches which are too thick and dense are cut off, and the full buds of the extending heads of all the trunks are cut short, so that the single-axis extension of the central trunk is ensured.
And (3) pruning in summer in the next year, timely thinning out branches with the thickness exceeding that of chopsticks, timely pruning the thick and vigorous branches at the uppermost part, and keeping the top advantages of the trunk.
And when the trees are cut in winter in the second year, retracting old branches which bear fruits in the current year, thinning and removing the thick branches which are too dense, managing the old branches every year, and retracting the old branches to thin and weak branches and heading when the tree height reaches the required height.
By using the method, the fruiting shape in the second year after planting is shown in fig. 6, the average number of fruits per tree is 107 in the third year, the average single fruit weight is 182g, the average yield per tree is 19kg, the yield per mu is 857kg, the soluble solid content is 9.24, the appearance is well colored, and the fruits are uniform.
The invention provides a pruning method for a four-main-branch planar tree form and application thereof in cultivation, the total branch quantity of the four-main-branch planar tree form is increased by 22, the proportion of branches at the middle upper part is increased, the fruit yield at the middle upper part is increased, the weight of the fruits at the middle upper part accounts for 74 percent of the total weight, and the fruit yield is increased by 8 percent compared with a trunk shape (66 percent). The proportion of the big tree fruit is increased by 11.27 percent compared with the main trunk shape, the average soluble solid content of the fruit is increased by 1 point compared with the main trunk line, and the soluble solids on the upper, middle and lower parts of the plane trees of the four main branches are respectively 0.75 point, 0.25 point and 0.41 point more than the main trunk shape. The fruit four main branches of the plane tree have 4, 16 and 6 fruits above, in and below the main trunk, the total average single fruit weight of the main trunk is 148g, the four main branches of the plane tree are 157g, and the fruit four main branches of the plane tree have 9g more fruits than the main trunk. The upper, middle and lower parts of the four-plane tree form are respectively 24, 14 and 6 fruits more than the trunk shape, the total fruit quantity of the trunk shape is 76, and the four-plane tree form is 120 which is 1.57 times of the trunk shape.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A pruning method for a plane four-main-branch tree shape of a peach tree comprises the following steps: 1) fixing the trunk at the position of 30-50cm above the grafting opening of the peach tree; the upper part of the grafting opening of the peach tree is 30-50cm, and 4-6 full buds are contained; the direction of the first bud below the cut of the fixed stem faces to the row direction;
2) selecting two branches in the south-north row direction as a first trunk and a second trunk in months of 5-6, and removing the rest branches; the distance between the first trunk and the second trunk is more than 10 cm;
3) in 7 months, inserting two bamboo poles at two sides of the peach tree plant respectively, wherein the distance between the two bamboo poles and the plant is 0.3-0.8 m and 1.2-1.8 m respectively; respectively drawing the first trunk and the second trunk obtained in the step 2) to two bamboo poles at the outer sides in the same direction; during traction, the included angle between the trunk and the vertical base is 30-40 degrees;
4) in month 8, selecting secondary tips, close to the fixed stem point, on the trunk in the step 2) as a third trunk and a fourth trunk, and respectively drawing the third trunk and the fourth trunk towards bamboo poles at the inner sides in the same direction;
step 4), after traction, trimming is further included; the pruning comprises first winter pruning, second summer pruning and second winter pruning;
the planar four-main-branch tree shape is provided with four main trunks, the four main trunks are positioned in the same plane in the vertical direction, and the plane is parallel to the row direction; the base parts of the four trunks are in a fan shape, and the end parts grow upwards in a vertical direction; the distance between the end parts of every two adjacent trunks in the four trunks is 0.8-1.2 m;
bearing branches or bearing branch groups are planted on the four trunks, and the bearing branches or the small bearing branch groups on each trunk are uniformly and upwards arranged in a spiral shape; finally, the distance between every two branches in the row reaches 1 m.
2. The application of the pruning method for the planar four-main-branch tree shape of the peach tree in the cultivation for improving the quality of the peach tree in claim 1 is characterized in that the peach tree is fixedly planted in the north-south row direction, the peach tree is pruned into the planar four-main-branch tree shape, and the row spacing of the fixedly planted peach tree is (3-5) mx (3-5) m.
3. The use of claim 2, wherein the peach trees are planted after the leaves of the peach trees are fallen and before the buds of the peach trees are germinated.
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