CN102498852A - Molding method for phyllanthus emblica trees - Google Patents
Molding method for phyllanthus emblica trees Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a molding method for phyllanthus emblica trees and belongs to the technical field of fruit tree culture management. According to the method, 4 to 6-year-growth strong disease-and-pest-free wild phyllanthus emblica fruits are selected for seeding during the rootstock culture; a rootstock is cut off in a position with a distance being 8 to 10cm from the ground and is grafted; when scion sprouts grow to 17 to 20cm and branches are semi-lignified, compound fertilizers and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizers are applied; when the height of grafting seedlings reaches 80 to 100cm, topping is carried out; when the height of tree crown is higher than 1.2m, 3 to 4 branches are selected and reserved for each plant to be cultured as primary branches, and the primary braches maintain an angle being 80 to 90 degrees; when the primary branches grow to 1.0 to 1.2m, the topping is carried out, secondary branches with the base part space being 25 to 35cm are selected and reserved, the secondary branches and the primary branches maintain an angle being 50 to 60 degrees, and fruiting trees are trimmed. The method has the advantages that the problems that the internal cavity of the phyllanthus emblica tree plant gradually grows, and the fruit setting rate and the yield are reduced are successfully solved. The acre yield of phyllanthus emblica reaches 332 to 372kg.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit growing administrative skill field.Be specifically related to a kind ofly mould rationally tree-likely, increase area as a result, improve the plastotype method of emblic fruit yield for the emblic subtree.
Background technology
Emblic (
Phyllanthus emblica L.) be Euphorbiaceae (
Euphorbiaceae) Leafflower (
Phyllanthus) plant, tropical and subtropical zone deciduous tree or shrub.Height of tree growth is rapid in early days for emblic; Along with increasing height of tree speedup, the age of tree slows down; But leading thread continues to increase with the hat width of cloth, and behind the entering fruiting period, the power of branching out also dies down with the increase of the age of tree; The young sprout average length also progressively diminishes, and the shoot growth direction is main lateral growth by main upwards growth alteration also.The inner empty thorax of plant increases along with the increase of the age of tree, and resultant layer more and more shifts to the tree crown top, although the height of tree, the hat width of cloth still increase to some extent, its as a result area gradually reduce on the contrary, emblic output is more and more lower.Therefore,,, must take certain measure, adjust the tree body structure of emblic, increase area as a result, to improve the solid ability of plant in the different age of tree stage that emblic grows to the Changing Pattern that the emblic tree crown is grown.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve be emblic along with the age of tree increases, the inner empty thorax of plant also increases,
Area gradually reduces as a result, causes output to reduce, and a kind of plastotype method of emblic subtree is provided for this reason.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the plastotype method of a kind of emblic subtree provided by the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(1) stock is cultivated
Selected 4 ~ 6 years to give birth to the healthy and strong wild emblic seedling tree that does not have damage by disease and insect again, as the seed collecting elite stand; Gather emblic fruit ripe on the said elite stand autumn; The fruit of gathering removed take out seed after pulp will be planted the nuclear broken shell, with seed dry to moisture collecting 11% below, sow to 2 ~ March of next year; To reach 0.8 ~ 1.0m high when height of seedling, and basic diameter stem reaches and carries out grafting more than the 1cm;
(2) grafting
All can carry out grafting from spring to autumn, adopt the cut-grafting method to carry out grafting, this method is simple, and survival rate is high; During cut-grafting with stock from cutting off apart from ground 8 ~ 10cm, the equating section is rived from the section center; The degree of depth 6 ~ 8cm; The joint-cutting of stock is inserted in scion, and a strain stock inserts a scion, uses the plastic strip colligation then; The full life in 1 ~ 2 year of axillalry bud is selected in scion for use, and length is that 8 ~ 10cm and diameter stem are the branch of the improved seeds of 0.8 ~ 1.1cm;
(3) managing after grafting
With garden ground, stock and scion water spray keep ground, garden moistening after the grafting, prevent that the burning sun fringe bar that is exposed to the sun from drying out wiltingly, and situation alive is checked in grafting after 20 days, in time mend to connect and the lateral bud of in time erasing the stock sprouting; When 17 ~ 20cm is grown in the scion rudiment, during the branch semi-lignified, remove the plastic strip of colligation, impose fertilizer, described fertilizer is made up of composite fertilizer and fused calcium magnesium phosphate, in mass fraction, total nutrient in the described composite fertilizer>=45%, N-P
2O
5-K
2O is 15-15-15; P in the described fused calcium magnesium phosphate
2O
5>=20%, MgO>=12%, SiO
2>=20%; Composite fertilizer 0.3 ~ 0.4kg is used in every strain, and fused calcium magnesium phosphate 0.5 ~ 0.6kg is used in every strain;
(4) the tree-like cultivation of treelet
When grafting height of seedling 80～100cm, pinch; When crown height 1.2m is above, open Zhi Lajiao, whenever select good strains in the field for seed and stay 3 ~ 4 branches to cultivate as the one-level branch, the one-level branch with restricting traction and fixation on the timber on ground, is made to keep about 80 °～90 ° angle between each one-level branch; When the one-level branch grows to 1.0 ~ 1.2m; Pinch, when the secondary branch grew to 60 ~ 70cm, the spacing between the secondary branch base portion of selecting and remain was at the secondary branch of 25 ~ 35cm; Prune all the other secondary branches off; The secondary branch that keeps with restricting traction and fixation on the timber on ground, is made to keep 50 °～60 ° angle between secondary branch and the one-level branch, and treelet draws branch to carry out 2 ~ 3 years;
(5) bearing-age tree is pruned
A. the described secondary branch of step (4) that surpasses 60-80cm is carried out pinching or cutting back;
B. wipe out the damage by disease and insect branch before blooming, slim and frahile branch and intersection branch;
C. wipe out damage by disease and insect branch, slim and frahile branch and the branch that intersects after the fruit picking, the cutting back diameter is the branch group of 1.5 ~ 2.0cm, and cutting back branch group amount accounts for tree crown 18～22%, year by year cutting back retraction tree crown by turns.
The described grafting time of step (2): the axillalry bud of scion in spring expand and not sprouting period be best grafting time.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1. the inventive method is cultivated through the stock of suitable emblic subtree, grafting, and managing after grafting, the tree-like cultivation of treelet, bearing-age tree is pruned the rapid plastotype measure of multistep, on the one hand, has increased the illuminating area of flowers and fruits branches effectively, has made full use of photosynthesis; On the other hand, reduce the inner empty thorax of plant, increased the fruit bearing shoot quantity in the resultant layer; Increased area as a result, successfully solved the emblic subtree because the tree body structure is unreasonable, the inner empty thorax of plant is long more big more; And the problem that the fruit-setting rate and the output that make emblic reduce; The fruit-setting rate and the output of emblic are significantly increased, and the emblic single fruit weight reaches 5.7 ~ 6.5g, and comparison is according to improving 23.9% ~ 27.4%; The single plant yield of emblic reaches 4.1 ~ 4.6kg, and comparison is according to improving 46.4% ~ 48.4%; The emblic per mu yield reaches 332.1 ~ 372.6kg, and comparison is according to improving 46.4% ~ 48.4%.
The stock height was controlled at about 8cm when 2, the inventive method was through grafting, and through the tree-like cultivation of later stage treelet, thus emblic subtree low bodyization, for pluck fruit, the operation of damage by disease and insect aspect is easier, the time and labour saving has reduced management cost.
3. the inventive method easy operating is practical.
Embodiment
The embodiment of embodiment 1 the inventive method
Implement the place: academy of agricultural sciences, Yunnan Province hot-zone ecological agriculture research institute Hou Shan proving ground
Present embodiment adopts the inventive method to do 3 processing, and three repetitions are established in each processing.
The concrete steps of processing 1 are following:
1. stock is cultivated
Selected 4 years to give birth to the healthy and strong wild emblic seedling tree that does not have damage by disease and insect again, as the seed collecting elite stand.Gather the wild emblic fruit of maturation on the elite stand autumn, after fruit is gathered, remove and take out seed after pulp will be planted the nuclear broken shell, seed is dried to moisture collect 11%, to next year, sow for promptly in February, 2005.After planting to note water management and fertilizing and weeding, make the nursery stock normal growth.Specifically be to adopt conventional moisture and fertilizing and weeding management by methods: the farmers''s rich water with 1% when seedling grows 4-5 to leaf sprays, and whenever at a distance from 20 days once, along with nursery stock grows up, increases fertilizing amount, reduces fertilizer application frequency.When seedling growth after 7 days, in time remove the weeds of growth on every side.To reach 0.8～1.0m high when height of seedling, and basic stem reaches slightly that 1cm is above just can to carry out grafting.
2. grafting
The cut-grafting method is adopted in grafting, and its method is simple, and survival rate is high.The March in spring in 2007, the axillalry bud of scion expands and grafting when not sprouting, during grafting with stock from cutting off apart from ground 8 ~ 10cm; The equating section is rived from the section center, the about 6 ~ 8cm of the degree of depth; With length is the joint-cutting of the scion insertion stock of 8 ~ 10cm, and a strain stock inserts a scion, uses the plastic strip colligation tight then; Stock and fringe bar are closely linked, can in time heal, sprout rapidly.The full life in 1 ~ 2 year of axillalry bud, the branch of the improved seeds of thick 0.8 ~ 1.1cm are selected in scion for use.The branch of improved seeds is meant: robust growth, no damage by disease and insect, the branch of life in 1 ~ 2 year on the maternal plant tree crown of stable high yield continuously.
3. managing after grafting
After the grafting with garden ground, stock and scion water spray, moistening with keeping the garden, prevent that the burning sun fringe bar that is exposed to the sun from drying out wilting.Seedling grafting will be checked into situation alive after 20 days, promptly mended to connect, and in time erased the lateral bud that stock is sprouted.As the long 17 ~ 20cm of scion rudiment, during the branch semi-lignified, just to remove plastic strip, and impose fertilizer, described fertilizer is made up of composite fertilizer and fused calcium magnesium phosphate, and composite fertilizer 0.3kg is used in every strain, and fused calcium magnesium phosphate 0.5kg promotes that the fringe blastogenesis is long; Described fertilizer is made up of composite fertilizer and fused calcium magnesium phosphate, in mass fraction, and total nutrient in the described composite fertilizer>=45%, N-P
2O
5-K
2The ratio of O is 15-15-15; P in the described fused calcium magnesium phosphate
2O
5>=20%, MgO>=12%, SiO
2>=20%; Composite fertilizer 0.3 ~ 0.4kg is used in every strain, and fused calcium magnesium phosphate 0.5 ~ 0.6kg is used in every strain.
4. the tree-like cultivation of treelet
When grafting height of seedling 80～100cm, in time pinch, impel branch, through increasing branch progression, enlarge tree crown fast, when crown height 1.2m is above, open Zhi Lajiao.Whenever selecting good strains in the field for seed, 3～4 branch positions are reasonable, the branch of robust growth is cultivated as the one-level branch.Behind selected one-level branch, with branch with the cord traction and fixation on the timber on ground, make between each one-level branch to keep 80 ° ~ 90 ° angle, all the other branches are dredged and are removed.When the long 1.0 ~ 1.2m of one-level branch, pinch, impel the secondary branches of sprouting on the one-level branch more.When the long 60 ~ 70cm of secondary branch, dredge and remove the overstocked secondary branch of growth, make spacing between each secondary branch base portion at 25～35cm.With the secondary branch that remains with the cord traction and fixation on the timber on ground, make between secondary branch and the one-level branch to keep 50 ° ~ 60 ° angle.Treelet draws branch generally will carry out 2 ~ 3 years, otherwise the major branch branch that draws back also recovers vertical growth easily.
5. bearing-age tree is pruned
(a) bearing-age tree is pruned and is focused on the upwards outwards passing of control tree crown, and the described secondary branch of step 4 that surpasses 60-80cm is carried out pinching or cutting back;
(b) the preceding pruning of blooming: wipe out the damage by disease and insect branch, slim and frahile branch intersects branch;
(c) prune after the fruit picking: wipe out damage by disease and insect branch, slim and frahile branch, intersect branch, the cutting back diameter is the branch group of 1.5 ~ 2.0cm, and cutting back branch group amount accounts for tree crown 18～22%, year by year cutting back retraction tree crown by turns.
In the process of growth of above-mentioned emblic subtree, press emblic subtree conventional fertilizer application management method, the emblic subtree is intertilled fertilising, weeding management, by conventional pest control method the emblic subtree is carried out the extermination of disease and insect pest.As the annual Spring Festival to autumn, every mu sprays weeding to the weeds cauline leaf, annual 2 ~ 3 times after converting water with glyphosate 1.5kg.The emblic root growth is very fast, should approach fertile diligent fertilising, and fertilizer is main with nitrogenous fertilizer, compounding application phosphorus potash fertilizer, annual 3 ~ 5 times.Note the control of damage by disease and insect behind the grafting survival, aphid is the primary pest of emblic, takes place very generally, and control should be grasped before the blooming of early April, 1000 times of liquid of the dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate with 40% or 1000 times of liquid of 25% phosmet missible oil spray.
Handle 2 divided by outside the following operating procedure difference, all the other operating procedures are identical with processing 1, repeat no more.
1. stock is cultivated
Selected 5 years to give birth to the healthy and strong wild emblic seedling tree that does not have damage by disease and insect again, as the seed collecting elite stand.With the emblic seed dry to moisture in 9% collection, to next year, promptly in March, 2005 sowing;
2. grafting
Carry out grafting the May in summer in 2007;
3. managing after grafting
Impose fertilizer, composite fertilizer 0.4kg is used in every strain, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 0.6kg.
Handle 3 divided by outside the following operating procedure difference, all the other operating procedures are identical with processing 1, repeat no more.
1. stock is cultivated
Selected 6 years to give birth to the healthy and strong wild emblic seedling tree that does not have damage by disease and insect again, as the seed collecting elite stand.With the emblic seed dry to moisture in 5% collection, to next year, promptly in February, 2005 sowing;
2. grafting
Carry out grafting the October in autumn in 2007.
The implementation result of 3 processing of present embodiment sees table 1. for details
The emblic output of 3 processing of table 1. embodiment 1
Embodiment 2
Embodiment 2 is contrasts of embodiment 1
Implement the place: select academy of agricultural sciences, Yunnan Province hot-zone ecological agriculture research institute Hou Shan proving ground equally
Cultivation management method: spring axillalry bud expand and grafting when not sprouting; Cut the dried side shoot that stays at trunk 1 ~ 1.5m place, select to graft in the section place that 4 lopwood bars block respectively with 4 emblic scion of embodiment 1 same kind, wait grafting survival after; The shaping of not pruning, the growth of giving free rein to.All the other measures are identical with embodiment 1 processing 1.Implementation result is seen table 2.
The emblic output effect comparison of table 2. embodiment 1 and embodiment 2
Can find out from above embodiment:
(1) enforcement through the inventive method; Effectively increased the illuminating area of emblic flowers and fruits branches; Made full use of photosynthesis, also increased area as a result, successfully solved the emblic subtree because the tree body structure is unreasonable; The inner empty thorax of plant is increasing, and makes the fruit-setting rate of emblic and the problem that output reduces.
(2) adopt the stock of the inventive method to cultivate, grafting, managing after grafting, the tree-like cultivation of treelet, the technical scheme that bearing-age tree is pruned, the emblic single fruit weight reaches 5.7 ~ 6.5g, and comparison is according to improving 23.9% ~ 27.4%; The single plant yield of emblic reaches 4.1 ~ 4.6kg, and comparison is according to improving 46.4% ~ 48.4%; The emblic per mu yield reaches 332.1 ~ 372.6kg, and comparison is according to improving 46.4% ~ 48.4%.
(3) the inventive method since during grafting the stock height be controlled at about 8cm, through the tree-like cultivation of later stage treelet, thus emblic subtree low bodyization, for pluck fruit, the operation of damage by disease and insect aspect is easier, the time and labour saving reduces management cost.
Claims (2)
1. the plastotype method of an emblic subtree may further comprise the steps:
(1) stock is cultivated
Selected 4 ~ 6 years to give birth to the healthy and strong wild emblic seedling tree that does not have damage by disease and insect again, as the seed collecting elite stand; Gather emblic fruit ripe on the said elite stand autumn; The fruit of gathering removed take out seed after pulp will be planted the nuclear broken shell, with seed dry to moisture collecting 11% below, sow to 2 ~ March of next year; To reach 0.8 ~ 1.0m high when height of seedling, and basic diameter stem reaches and carries out grafting more than the 1cm;
(2) grafting
Adopt the cut-grafting method to carry out grafting from spring to autumn, during cut-grafting with stock from cut off the equating section apart from ground 8 ~ 10cm; Rive from the section center, the degree of depth 6 ~ 8cm inserts scion the joint-cutting of stock; One strain stock inserts a scion; Use the plastic strip colligation then, the full life in 1 ~ 2 year of axillalry bud is selected in scion for use, and length is that 8 ~ 10cm and diameter stem are the branch of the improved seeds of 0.8 ~ 1.1cm;
(3) managing after grafting
With garden ground, stock and scion water spray keep ground, garden moistening after the grafting, prevent that the burning sun fringe bar that is exposed to the sun from drying out wiltingly, and situation alive is checked in grafting after 20 days, in time mend to connect and the lateral bud of in time erasing the stock sprouting; When 17 ~ 20cm is grown in the scion rudiment, during the branch semi-lignified, remove the plastic strip of colligation, impose fertilizer, described fertilizer is made up of composite fertilizer and fused calcium magnesium phosphate, in mass fraction, total nutrient in the described composite fertilizer>=45%, N-P
2O
5-K
2O is 15-15-15; P in the described fused calcium magnesium phosphate
2O
5>=20%, MgO>=12%, SiO
2>=20%; Composite fertilizer 0.3 ~ 0.4kg is used in every strain, and fused calcium magnesium phosphate 0.5 ~ 0.6kg is used in every strain;
(4) the tree-like cultivation of treelet
When grafting height of seedling 80～100cm, pinch; When crown height 1.2m is above, open Zhi Lajiao, whenever select good strains in the field for seed and stay 3 ~ 4 branches to cultivate, the one-level branch is kept 80 °～90 ° with restricting traction and fixation on the timber on ground, making between each one-level branch as the one-level branch; , the one-level branch pinches when growing to 1.0 ~ 1.2m; Spacing between the secondary branch base portion, selects and remain in the secondary branch when growing to 60 ~ 70cm at the secondary branch of 25 ~ 35cm; Prune all the other secondary branches off; The secondary branch that keeps is kept 50 °～60 ° with restricting traction and fixation on the timber on ground, making between secondary branch and the one-level branch, and treelet draws branch to carry out 2 ~ 3 years;
(5) bearing-age tree is pruned
A. the described secondary branch of step (4) that surpasses 60-80cm is carried out pinching or cutting back;
B. wipe out the damage by disease and insect branch before blooming, slim and frahile branch and intersection branch;
C. wipe out damage by disease and insect branch, slim and frahile branch and the branch that intersects after the fruit picking, the cutting back diameter is the branch group of 1.5 ~ 2.0cm, and cutting back branch group amount accounts for tree crown 18～22%, year by year cutting back retraction tree crown by turns.
2. the plastotype method of a kind of emblic subtree according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the described grafting time of step (2) expands and does not sprout period at the axillalry bud of scion in spring.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104396584A (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2015-03-11 | 广西大玉余甘果有限责任公司 | Grafting method of Dayu emblica officinalis |
| CN104719002A (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2015-06-24 | 云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所 | Method for grafting phyllanthus emblica in winter |
| CN105284432A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-02-03 | 宾川佳泓园艺有限责任公司 | Grafting method for phyllanthus emblica |
| CN108450221A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2018-08-28 | 宾川佳泓园艺有限责任公司 | A kind of cultural method of Yunnan olive |
| CN110432066A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-11-12 | 云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所 | A kind of model method of tamarind tree |
| CN114711115A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-07-08 | 广西壮族自治区药用植物园 | Graded dwarfing cultivation method for white orchids |
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2011
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104396584A (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2015-03-11 | 广西大玉余甘果有限责任公司 | Grafting method of Dayu emblica officinalis |
| CN104719002A (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2015-06-24 | 云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所 | Method for grafting phyllanthus emblica in winter |
| CN105284432A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-02-03 | 宾川佳泓园艺有限责任公司 | Grafting method for phyllanthus emblica |
| CN108450221A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2018-08-28 | 宾川佳泓园艺有限责任公司 | A kind of cultural method of Yunnan olive |
| CN108476759A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2018-09-04 | 宾川佳泓园艺有限责任公司 | Yunnan olive engrafting method |
| CN110432066A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-11-12 | 云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所 | A kind of model method of tamarind tree |
| CN114711115A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-07-08 | 广西壮族自治区药用植物园 | Graded dwarfing cultivation method for white orchids |
| CN114711115B (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2024-03-08 | 广西壮族自治区药用植物园 | Graded dwarfing cultivation method for brandy |
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