CN105284538A - High photosynthetic efficiency tree form cultivation method for peach trees with multiple semi-upright main branches and without side branches - Google Patents

High photosynthetic efficiency tree form cultivation method for peach trees with multiple semi-upright main branches and without side branches Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105284538A
CN105284538A CN201510753789.2A CN201510753789A CN105284538A CN 105284538 A CN105284538 A CN 105284538A CN 201510753789 A CN201510753789 A CN 201510753789A CN 105284538 A CN105284538 A CN 105284538A
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tree
branches
branch
main
peach
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王志强
崔国朝
牛良
鲁振华
曾文芳
潘磊
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Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute CAAS
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Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute CAAS
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a high photosynthetic efficiency tree form cultivation method for peach trees with multiple semi-upright main branches and without side branches. The method comprises the following steps: culturing 2-4 main branches for each plant according to the difference of tree spacing, wherein bearing branches or small bearing branches are directly inserted in the main branches, and the peach trees do not have side branches or only have a small number of side branches; and trimming and managing each main branch according to the shape of the trunk, and carrying out single branch updating, wherein each main branch is semi-upright, and an included angle between each main branch and the perpendicular direction is 20-30 degrees. According to the method provided by the invention, the number of branches of a middle lower portion of each peach tree is increased, a traditional planar fruitage mode is changed into a stereo fruitage mode, so that growth characteristics of peaches are met, and the peach trees are shaped quickly and easy to be trimmed; channels among rows are clear, and time and labor are saved during the operation in the field; branches and leaves of tree bodies are distributed uniformly, ventilation and light transmittance are realized, so that photosynthesis of leaves is good, the tree bodies grow strongly, and plant diseases and insect pests are few; and the method facilitates popularization of existing orchard machinery to peach orchards, and mechanical management is facilitated.

Description

How main a kind of peach half is upright without the tree-like cultivation method of side specular removal
Technical field
The invention belongs to arviculture field, particularly relate to a kind of peach half upright how main without the tree-like cultivation method of side specular removal.
Background technology
The topography and geomorphology in China peach garden covers the various land occupation conditions such as Plain, hills, mountain region, planting density from every mu of 22 strains (seeding row spacing 5 meters × 6 meters) to every mu of 333 strain (seeding row spacing 1 meter × 2 meters) not etc., Training system has three major branch natural open centre shapes, two major branch natural open centre shapes, coronule many major branches cup-like shape, trunk shape etc., tree crown have height have low, tree-like have uprightly have the first transaction of a day's business.But summarize, four large classes can be divided into, namely the large crown type of thin planting, in close cup-shaped type, in close V-shape and highly dense trunk type:
1, large hat thin planting type
Common in tradition peach garden, peach producing region, North China.Field planting seeding row spacing 4 ~ 5m × 5 ~ 6m, adopt the happy shape of many major branches, each major branch is uniformly distributed.
2, close cup-shaped type (the happy type of coronule) in
Many employing 2 ~ 3 × 3 ~ 4m of seeding row spacing, this is the most widely used cultivation mode of current China, generally adopt in each peach producing region especially Yangtze river basin peach producing region and southern peach producing region, account for more than 85% of open country peach area under cultivation, but in tree crown shaping, pruning, between different peach garden, there is larger difference.
3, close V-shaped in
The main feature of V-shaped to adopt with row to vertical 2 major branches, do not have center to do, follow and see in " V " font, whether cultivate side shoot according to spacing in the rows difference difference to some extent.Apply to some extent in some peach gardens compared with new development at present, spacing in the rows mostly is 1.5 ~ 3m, and line-spacing is 4 ~ 5m, and tree height is many at more than 3m.
4, highly dense trunk shape
This developed a kind of pattern faster in recent years.The main feature of trunk shape retains central authorities leader to do, fruit bearing shoot or small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster direct raw on trunk.Spacing in the rows mostly is 1 ~ 1.5m, and line-spacing 1.8 ~ 2.5m, mostly is 2m.
The feature of above peach cultivation mode and Problems existing:
1, cultivation mode is single, and region characteristic is not obvious
The happy shape of intermediate density (in close cup-like shape) each main producing region all on leading cultivation mode, account for more than 80-90%, no matter be the area that southern rainfall is many, or dry area in north china, or no matter Loess Plateau Area of Northwest China is also the fertile area of hills, mountain area hungry soil or Plain, substantially similar, being more pruning the quality on controlling, is the embodiment of pruning technique.The old peach garden of Yangtze River Delta Area, middle and lower part branch amount is considerably less, and result part focuses mostly at top layer, although, soil condition large with local rainfall better has certain relation, also relevant with not selecting suitable cultivation mode to a certain extent.The dynamics of new technology spread and speed not, need the strength by Technique Popularizing department of basic unit.
2, in the ranks passage is indefinite, and line-spacing is less than normal
The difference of most peach garden spacing in the rows and line-spacing is little, enter peach garden and there is no clear and definite row, at once, operation path is not obvious, make troubles to field management, except adding pruning, go and buy Chinese medicine, except the difficulty of to gather etc., the ventilation and penetrating light condition in orchard (particularly middle and lower part) is also greatly affected, and will disease be caused further to increase the weight of, the quality of fruit reduces.
3, tree crown is short, and tree performance is too opened a business
A lot of area all exists, and accounts for certain proportion, and outstanding behaviours exists, and without obvious in the ranks passage (seeding row spacing regardless of), tree crown is short and too open a business.Output and the Tree Crown Volume in orchard are closely related, and short and flat Tree Crown Volume is relatively little, and in tree crown, branches and leaves are intensive, and middle and lower part printing opacity is poor, are the principal elements of restriction peach garden output, also have impact on the lifting of fruit quality to a certain extent.
High and narrow tree crown effectively improves the volume of tree crown, and reasonably disperseed leaf area, improve the light transmission condition of tree crown.Suitable increase line width, is expert at and leaves certain space between row, being not only conducive to operation in the ranks, is also a ventilating duct and euphotic zone simultaneously, improves the ventilation and penetrating light condition of orchard colony, and for reducing, sick worm occurs, lifting fruit quality is all significant.
4, mechanization degree is low
Only have minority orchard ground to manage and have employed small-size rotary tiller, employ mechanical assistance (non-propelled type) when pesticide application, the work in peach garden more than 95% is all by manually having come, and mechanization degree is very low, and labour intensity is also larger.
Except physical features, economic factor, cultivation mode is the principal element that limit mechanical degree improves, to go up fast and when future continuation being increased in labor cost in recent years, improve the mechanization degree in peach garden, reducing labour's expenditure will be trend of the times, in this context, the cultivation mode in peach garden also will face major transformation.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of peach half upright how main without the tree-like cultivation method of side specular removal, be intended to solve existing peach cultivation method, peach middle and lower part branch amount less, part focus mostly at top layer, in the ranks passage is indefinite, field work is time-consuming in peach garden takes a lot of work, intensive, the stuffy printing opacity of branches and leaves in tree crown, damage by disease and insect are multiple, the problem that mechanization degree is low.
The present invention is achieved in that how main different according to seeding row spacing without the tree-like cultivation method of side specular removal a kind of peach half upright, and 2 ~ 4, major branch is cultivated in every strain, direct life fruit bearing shoot or small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster on major branch, without side shoot or there is a small amount of side shoot;
Each major branch is pressed trunk shape and is pruned management, adopts single renewal;
Each major branch is half uprightly, and major branch and vertical direction angle are 20 ~ 30 degree.
Further, seeding row spacing 1.2m × 4.0m, every mu of 138 strains, 2 major branches are stayed in every strain; Or seeding row spacing 2.5m × 4.0m, every mu of 67 strains, 3 ~ 4 major branches are stayed in every strain; Embark on journey in north and south.
Further, field planting then, is done in rudiment predetermination, dry high 40cm ~ 50cm, and according to seeding row spacing size, 2 major branches are stayed in every strain, respectively to east and west to extension; Or stay 4 major branches, 2 towards east, 2 are exposed to the west; By drawing or supportting, making each major branch be half erectility, is 20 ~ 30 degree with vertical direction angle.
Further, keep the apical growth advantage of each major branch, wipe out in time, sprain or weigh the side shoot that short circuit affects major branch prolongation growth.
Further, after mid-July, tree crown sprays paclobutrazol or PPO, promoting that tree body transforms by nourishing and growing to reproductive growth, forming bud, making the side shoot on major branch become fruit bearing shoot.
Further, when the winter cuts, adopt long cane pruning, only remove the thick prosperous branch being not suitable for result, overstocked branch or sick branch.
Further, the 2nd year growth last month of summer cut, and only removed the thick prosperous branch being not suitable for next year result, when the winter cuts, removed then the old branch of result, and the new fruit bearing shoot formed gives over to next year result then, all so manages every year later.
Further, during annual summer pruning, will remove the thick branch that rugosity exceedes chopsticks in time, wipe out the thick prosperous branch of topmost in time, major branch height keeps suitable with line-spacing, is wiped out by the raised area when the annual winter cuts.
Invention increases peach middle and lower part branch amount, changing conventional planar resulting schema is three-dimensional result, complies with peach growth characteristics, is shaped fast, easily prunes; In the ranks passage is clear and definite, and field work is time saving and energy saving; Tree body branches and leaves are uniformly distributed, ventilation and penetrating light, and leaf photosynthesis is good, and Growth status is healthy and strong, and damage by disease and insect is few; Be conducive to promoting existing Machinery for orchard and be applied to peach garden, facilitate mechanization to manage.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that how main the peach half that example of the present invention provides is upright without the tree-like cultivation method flow chart of side specular removal.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, application principle of the present invention is further described.
As shown in Figure 1, how main the peach half of the embodiment of the present invention is uprightly comprises the following steps without the tree-like cultivation method of side specular removal:
S101: field planting: dry high 40cm ~ 50cm; Seeding row spacing 1.2m × 4.0m or 2.5m × 4.0m;
S102: shaping: 2 ~ 4 half upright major branches, east-west direction extends; Major branch and vertical direction angle are 20 ~ 30 degree;
S103: training: keep apical dominance, wipe out in time, sprain or weigh short circuit affecting the side shoot that major branch extends growth;
S104: control gesture: after mid-July, tree crown sprays paclobutrazol or PPO, makes the side shoot on major branch become fruit bearing shoot;
S105: the winter cuts: length is slightly pruned.Only remove the thick prosperous branch being not suitable for result, overstocked branch or sick branch;
S106: the summer cuts (Second Year): only remove the thick prosperous branch being not suitable for next year result;
S107: the winter cuts (Second Year): remove then fruit bearing shoot, and keep major branch height suitable with line-spacing.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, application principle of the present invention is further described.
How main different according to seeding row spacing without the tree-like cultivation method of side specular removal a kind of peach of the embodiment of the present invention half upright, and 2 ~ 4, major branch is cultivated in every strain, direct life fruit bearing shoot or small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster on major branch, without side shoot or there is a small amount of side shoot; Each major branch is half uprightly, and major branch and vertical direction angle are 20 ~ 30 degree.
Each major branch is pressed trunk shape and is pruned management, adopts single renewal;
The upright how main idiographic flow without the tree-like cultivation method of side specular removal of described peach half is:
Step one, seeding row spacing 1.2m × 4.0m, every mu of 138 strains, 2 major branches are stayed in every strain; Or seeding row spacing 2.5m × 4.0m, every mu of 67 strains, 3 ~ 4 major branches are stayed in every strain; Embark on journey in north and south;
Step 2, field planting then, is done in rudiment predetermination, dry high 40cm ~ 50cm, and according to seeding row spacing size, 2 major branches are stayed in every strain, respectively to east and west to extension; Or stay 4 major branches, 2 towards east, 2 are exposed to the west; By drawing or supportting, making each major branch be half erectility, is 20 ~ 30 degree with vertical direction angle;
Step 3, after mid-July, tree crown sprays paclobutrazol or PPO, promoting that tree body transforms by nourishing and growing to reproductive growth, forming bud, making the side shoot on major branch become fruit bearing shoot;
Step 4, when the winter cuts, adopts long cane pruning, only removes the thick prosperous branch being not suitable for result, overstocked branch or sick branch;
Step 5, the 2nd year growth last month of summer cut, and only removed the thick prosperous branch being not suitable for next year result, when the winter cuts, removed then the old branch of result, and the new fruit bearing shoot formed gives over to next year result then, all so manages every year later.
Further, keep the apical growth advantage of each major branch, wipe out in time, sprain or weigh the side shoot that short circuit affects major branch prolongation growth.
Further, during annual summer pruning, will remove the thick branch that rugosity exceedes chopsticks in time, wipe out the thick prosperous branch of topmost in time, major branch height keeps suitable with line-spacing, and about 2.5m, wipes out the raised area when the annual winter cuts.
Invention increases peach middle and lower part branch amount, changing conventional planar resulting schema is three-dimensional result, complies with peach growth characteristics, is shaped fast, easily prunes; In the ranks passage is clear and definite, and field work is time saving and energy saving; Tree body branches and leaves are uniformly distributed, ventilation and penetrating light, and leaf photosynthesis is good, and Growth status is healthy and strong, and damage by disease and insect is few; Be conducive to promoting existing Machinery for orchard and be applied to peach garden, facilitate mechanization to manage.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. how main a peach half is upright without the tree-like cultivation method of side specular removal, it is characterized in that, how main different according to seeding row spacing without the tree-like cultivation method of side specular removal described peach half upright, 2 ~ 4, major branch is cultivated in every strain, direct raw fruit bearing shoot or small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster on major branch, without side shoot or there is a small amount of side shoot; Each major branch is pressed trunk shape and is pruned management, adopts single renewal; Each major branch is half uprightly, and major branch and vertical direction angle are 20 ~ 30 degree.
2. how main peach half as claimed in claim 1 is uprightly is characterized in that without the tree-like cultivation method of side specular removal, seeding row spacing 1.2m × 4.0m, every mu of 138 strains, and 2 major branches are stayed in every strain; Or seeding row spacing 2.5m × 4.0m, every mu of 67 strains, 3 ~ 4 major branches are stayed in every strain; Embark on journey in north and south.
3. how main peach half as claimed in claim 1 is uprightly is characterized in that without the tree-like cultivation method of side specular removal, and field planting then, is done in rudiment predetermination, dry high 40cm ~ 50cm, and according to seeding row spacing size, 2 major branches are stayed in every strain, respectively to east and west to extension; Or stay 4 major branches, 2 towards east, 2 are exposed to the west; By drawing or supportting, making each major branch be half erectility, is 20 ~ 30 degree with vertical direction angle.
4. how main peach half as claimed in claim 1 is uprightly is characterized in that without the tree-like cultivation method of side specular removal, keeps the apical growth advantage of each major branch, wipe out in time, sprains or weigh short circuit affecting the side shoot that major branch extends growth.
5. how main peach half as claimed in claim 1 is uprightly is characterized in that without the tree-like cultivation method of side specular removal, and after mid-July, tree crown sprays paclobutrazol or PPO.
6. how main peach half as claimed in claim 1 is uprightly is characterized in that without the tree-like cultivation method of side specular removal, when the winter cuts, adopts long cane pruning.
7. how main peach half as claimed in claim 1 is upright without the tree-like cultivation method of side specular removal, it is characterized in that, the 2nd year growth last month of summer cut, only remove the thick prosperous branch being not suitable for next year result, winter is when cutting, remove the old branch of result then, the new fruit bearing shoot formed gives over to next year result then, all so manages every year later.
8. how main peach half as claimed in claim 1 is upright without the tree-like cultivation method of side specular removal, it is characterized in that, during annual summer pruning, the thick branch that rugosity exceedes chopsticks will be removed in time, wipe out the thick prosperous branch of topmost in time, major branch height keeps suitable with line-spacing, is wiped out by the raised area when the annual winter cuts.
CN201510753789.2A 2015-11-05 2015-11-05 High photosynthetic efficiency tree form cultivation method for peach trees with multiple semi-upright main branches and without side branches Pending CN105284538A (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106258771A (en) * 2016-10-11 2017-01-04 河北农业大学 A kind of peach tree specular removal tree-like four come out boldly shape method
CN106688794A (en) * 2016-12-27 2017-05-24 何权 Cultivation method of deciduous dry fruit tree
CN107278786A (en) * 2017-08-23 2017-10-24 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 A kind of tree-like and its shaping methods of pear tree " pectination hedge wall shape "
CN109156245A (en) * 2018-08-27 2019-01-08 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 A kind of peach dry hedge wall shape shaping methods more than one plant
CN109302931A (en) * 2018-09-25 2019-02-05 成都本真农业有限责任公司 The suspension type long shoot fruit-bearing shoot cluster and cultural method of one planting fruit-trees single update
CN112806204A (en) * 2020-06-17 2021-05-18 中国农业科学院果树研究所 Method for cultivating peaches by utilizing horizontal central trunk multi-upright main branch tree form
CN113348944A (en) * 2021-06-23 2021-09-07 十堰市经济作物研究所 Taiwan Changcuo mulberry tree form suitable for being cultivated in northwest of Hubei province and cultivation method thereof
CN114303917A (en) * 2022-01-18 2022-04-12 烟台市福山区水果帮苗木种植专业合作社 Management method for high-density early-yielding and high-yield cherry protected cultivation

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106258771A (en) * 2016-10-11 2017-01-04 河北农业大学 A kind of peach tree specular removal tree-like four come out boldly shape method
CN106258771B (en) * 2016-10-11 2019-05-14 河北农业大学 A kind of peach high photosynthetic efficiency tree-like four is come out boldly the method for forming
CN106688794A (en) * 2016-12-27 2017-05-24 何权 Cultivation method of deciduous dry fruit tree
CN107278786A (en) * 2017-08-23 2017-10-24 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 A kind of tree-like and its shaping methods of pear tree " pectination hedge wall shape "
CN109156245A (en) * 2018-08-27 2019-01-08 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 A kind of peach dry hedge wall shape shaping methods more than one plant
CN109156245B (en) * 2018-08-27 2020-12-18 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 Wall-shaped shaping method for multiple hedges of peach tree
CN109302931A (en) * 2018-09-25 2019-02-05 成都本真农业有限责任公司 The suspension type long shoot fruit-bearing shoot cluster and cultural method of one planting fruit-trees single update
CN112806204A (en) * 2020-06-17 2021-05-18 中国农业科学院果树研究所 Method for cultivating peaches by utilizing horizontal central trunk multi-upright main branch tree form
CN113348944A (en) * 2021-06-23 2021-09-07 十堰市经济作物研究所 Taiwan Changcuo mulberry tree form suitable for being cultivated in northwest of Hubei province and cultivation method thereof
CN113348944B (en) * 2021-06-23 2023-09-19 十堰市经济作物研究所 Taiwan long-fruit mulberry shape suitable for cultivation in northwest jaw region and cultivation method thereof
CN114303917A (en) * 2022-01-18 2022-04-12 烟台市福山区水果帮苗木种植专业合作社 Management method for high-density early-yielding and high-yield cherry protected cultivation

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Application publication date: 20160203