CN109153302A - 用于双模式飞行和驾驶车辆的电子换档器组件 - Google Patents

用于双模式飞行和驾驶车辆的电子换档器组件 Download PDF

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CN109153302A
CN109153302A CN201780031383.0A CN201780031383A CN109153302A CN 109153302 A CN109153302 A CN 109153302A CN 201780031383 A CN201780031383 A CN 201780031383A CN 109153302 A CN109153302 A CN 109153302A
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gear shifting
device assembly
shifting device
assembly according
shift
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J·亨利翁
K·科尔本
C·C·迪特里希
D·杜卡奇
E·戈拉斯基
A·海菲茨
E·冯德海特
L·佩纳尔弗-阿吉拉
B·桑多兹
E·斯托
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Terrafugia Inc
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Terrafugia Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/02—Selector apparatus
    • F16H59/08—Range selector apparatus
    • F16H59/10—Range selector apparatus comprising levers
    • F16H59/105—Range selector apparatus comprising levers consisting of electrical switches or sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60F—VEHICLES FOR USE BOTH ON RAIL AND ON ROAD; AMPHIBIOUS OR LIKE VEHICLES; CONVERTIBLE VEHICLES
    • B60F5/00—Other convertible vehicles, i.e. vehicles capable of travelling in or on different media
    • B60F5/02—Other convertible vehicles, i.e. vehicles capable of travelling in or on different media convertible into aircraft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C13/00—Control systems or transmitting systems for actuating flying-control surfaces, lift-increasing flaps, air brakes, or spoilers
    • B64C13/02—Initiating means
    • B64C13/04—Initiating means actuated personally
    • B64C13/042—Initiating means actuated personally operated by hand
    • B64C13/0421—Initiating means actuated personally operated by hand control sticks for primary flight controls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C37/00—Convertible aircraft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/02—Selector apparatus
    • F16H59/0217—Selector apparatus with electric switches or sensors not for gear or range selection, e.g. for controlling auxiliary devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/02—Selector apparatus
    • F16H59/08—Range selector apparatus
    • F16H59/10—Range selector apparatus comprising levers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/26—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms
    • F16H61/36—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms with at least one movement being transmitted by a cable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C13/00—Control systems or transmitting systems for actuating flying-control surfaces, lift-increasing flaps, air brakes, or spoilers
    • B64C13/02—Initiating means
    • B64C13/04—Initiating means actuated personally
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/02—Selector apparatus
    • F16H2059/0239—Up- and down-shift or range or mode selection by repeated movement
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/40—Weight reduction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Control Devices For Change-Speed Gearing (AREA)
  • Mechanical Control Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及用于双模式飞行和驾驶车辆的电子换档器组件。该电子换档器组件可以包括杠杆，该杠杆在第一换档路径和第二换档路径之间可移动，该第一换档路径包括至少一个驾驶相关操作位置，该第二换档路径包括至少一个飞行相关操作位置。

Description

用于双模式飞行和驾驶车辆的电子换档器组件
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2016年4月15日提交的美国临时专利申请No.62/323290的优先权和权益并且通过引用将其整体并入这里。
技术领域
本发明的实施例涉及电子换档杆，并且更具体地涉及一种换档杆，该换档杆可以包含与双模式飞行和驾驶车辆的功能(包括但不限于海拔控制、起飞、展开翼等等)有关的位置。
背景技术
在汽车上，自动传动装置换档器典型地包括换档杆，该换档杆沿前后换档路径在档位位置(诸如停车、倒退、空档、前进、低速档位等等)之间可枢转。
在双模式飞行和驾驶车辆(例如，通过引用并入这里的WO2014144001A2和美国专利No.7938358中描述的车辆)的情况中，需要操作者具有可用的标准汽车换档位置，而且控制与飞行有关的车辆功能，包括：接合飞行推进源，诸如导管风扇或推进器；激活起飞序列；使用简化的控制装置控制车辆海拔、前进方向和空气速度；和在驾驶构造和飞行构造之间转换车辆。
发明内容
根据本发明的实施例，换档杆包括标准汽车换档位置，以及另外的与飞行有关的位置，诸如空中的简化的车辆控制和车辆从驾驶构造到飞行构造的再构造。
在一方面中，本发明的实施例涉及用于双模式飞行和驾驶车辆的电子换档器组件。该电子换档器组件可以包括杠杆，该杠杆在第一换档路径和第二换档路径之间可移动，该第一换档路径包括至少一个驾驶相关操作位置，该第二换档路径包括至少一个飞行相关操作位置。
可以包括以下特征的一个或更多个。电子换档器还可以包括限定开口的板，其中该杠杆被布置成穿过该开口。电子换档器还可以包括板，该板包括驾驶相关和飞行相关操作位置的指示器。驾驶相关操作位置可以是例如停车、倒退、空档和/或前进位置。飞行相关操作位置可以是例如飞行、向上和/或向下位置。在一些实施例中，飞行相关操作位置可以是例如转换、向上和/或向下位置。
该杠杆还可以包括枢轴、换档手柄、滑动件、换档按钮、压缩弹簧和档位选择销中的至少一个。该杠杆可以是沿正交方向可移动的。该正交方向可以包括纵向方向和横向方向。该纵向方向可以包括由横向路径连接的两个路径。该纵向方向可以是由横向路径连接的三个路径。该三个路径可以包括：第一换档路径，该第一换档路径包括至少一个驾驶相关操作位置；第二换档路径，该第二换档路径包括飞行操作位置、向上操作位置或向下操作位置中的至少一个；和第三换档路径，该第三换档路径包括转换操作位置、向上操作位置或向下操作位置中的至少一个。
电子换档器还可以包括弹簧机构，该弹簧机构适合于使该杠杆返回到第二换档路径中的中心位置。电子换档器还可以包括电子传感器。电子传感器可以是例如限位开关、霍尔效应传感器或电位计。
本发明的实施例提供用来将上述控制功能组合到单个多功能杠杆中的***。将该功能组合到一个杠杆中消除用户混淆驾驶相关换档杆和分立的飞行相关控制杆的可能性。该组合也可以减小总***的复杂性和重量。
附图说明
在附图中，贯穿不同的视图，相同的附图标记通常指的是相同的部分。而且，该附图不一定是按比例的，而是通常强调示出本发明的原理。在以下描述中，本发明的各种实施例参考以下附图被描述，其中：
图1A是根据本发明的实施例的换档器组件的一个实施例的等距视图；
图1B是根据本发明的实施例的换档器组件板的俯视图；
图2是根据本发明的实施例的换档器组件的剖视侧视图；
图3是根据本发明的实施例的换档器组件的剖视前视图；
图4A和4B是根据本发明的实施例的换档器组件的前视图和侧视图；并且
图5A-5I示出换档线路的各种替代实施例。
具体实施方式
诸如美国专利No.7938358中描述的车辆的双模式飞行和驾驶车辆允许用户以飞行模式或驾驶模式操作车辆。根据本发明的实施例的换档器组件可以允许双模式飞行和驾驶车辆的用户将车辆切换到驾驶模式或飞行模式中，并且然后通过使用单个换档器以那些功能进一步操作车辆。例如，换档器组件可以允许用户将车辆换档到驾驶模式中并且然后进一步在驾驶档位之间换档，例如，前进、空档、倒退等等。
图1A示出用于双模式飞行和驾驶车辆的电子换档器组件100的一个实施例。换档器组件100可以包括杠杆102，该杠杆具有变速杆104和布置在变速杆104的端部的换档手柄106。变速杆104和换档手柄106可以由刚性材料(例如，塑料或金属)形成。杠杆102可以被设计尺寸用来由用户操作，使得换档手柄106适合用户的手。在一些实施例中，换档按钮107可以位于换档手柄106上。除了在倒退和空档之间移动选择杆和在前进和空档之间移动选择杆作为安全措施，可能要求用户压杠杆102和/或换档按钮107以在换档位置之间移动杠杆102。
杠杆102安装在外壳108中，该外壳包括矩形板110，该矩形板布置在下外壳112的顶部上。下外壳112被设计尺寸且成形用来容纳换档器组件100的机械部件。下外壳112也可以被设计尺寸用来容纳电子部件(例如，传感器)。板110和下外壳112可以通过紧固件114(例如，螺栓)被连接。板110可以是4英寸×7英寸。下外壳可以是4英寸×4英寸×7英寸。在一些实施例中，板110和下外壳112的尺寸设计可以变化以便美学或设计目的，或者适应换档杆组件的各种尺寸。外壳108的部件可以由刚性材料制成，该刚性材料诸如塑料，片材金属等。下外壳112的内容和构造将在下面参考图2-图3被更详细地讨论。
参考图1B以及图1A，板110限定开口116，杠杆102可以被布置成通过该开口。开口116限定纵向第一换档路径118和平行于第一换档路径118的纵向第二换档路径120。第一换档路径118可以包括至少一个驾驶相关位置。例如，第一换档路径118可以包括用于P＝停车122，R＝倒退124，N＝空档126，和D＝前进128的换档位置，该换档位置以该顺序被标记在板110上。第一换档路径118也可以包括另外的驾驶相关换档位置，诸如L＝低速130。第二换档路径120可以包括至少一个飞行相关位置。例如，第二换档路径120可以包括换档位置F＝飞行132；↑＝向上134；和↓＝向下136。通过横向取向的换档路径138将杠杆102从第一换档路径118横向移动到第二换档路径120，从停车位置122可以达到F＝飞行位置132。当杠杆102处于飞行位置132时，用户可以将杠杆移动到向前或向上位置134或向后或向下位置136以开动与车辆飞行相关的功能。本领域技术人员熟悉的弹簧返回机构可以用于将杠杆102居中在第二换档路径120中在F位置132中。
在一些实施例中，杠杆102包括弹簧棘爪，当杠杆102达到每一个换档位置时，该弹簧棘爪用来警示用户。在替代布置中，换档组件可以不包括换档手柄，并且第一换档路径可以是包括纵向和横向路径部分的非直线路径。
参考图2，变速杆104可以包括换档销240，该换档销在板110下方位于变速杆104上。换档销240可以通过压换档按钮107被举起，允许杠杆102绕轴242枢转，该轴相对于棘爪板244正交地布置。档位选择销240位于布置在棘爪板244中的单个棘爪246中。每一个棘爪246对应于换档位置，例如，停车122、空档124、前进128等等。棘爪板244可以在沿车辆的纵向方向布置的轴248上以可枢转的方式安装到下外壳112。本领域技术人员熟悉的换档器组件典型地包括一个或更多个上述部件。
卡登式安装方案可以允许杠杆102沿正交方向枢转。例如，杠杆102可以沿第一换档路径118、第二换档路径120纵向地并且沿第一和第二换档路径118、120之间的路径138横向地枢转。示例性卡登接头包括从Lovejoy公司(Downers Grove,IL)可获得的万向接头。
换档器组件的剖视前视图可以在图3中见到。变速杆104包括固定到轴248的枢转杠杆350。在一些实施例中，换档按钮107可以位于换档手柄106下方并且可以包含狭槽，该狭槽允许枢转换档杆350穿过变速杆104到达换档手柄106。一个或更多个弹簧352可以位于换档手柄106和换档按钮107之间，在换档按钮被释放之后，该一个或更多个弹簧使换档按钮107恢复到空档位置。枢转杠杆350允许杠杆102在第一换档路径118和第二换档路径120之间移动。在一些实施例中，枢转杠杆350可以内部地固定到换档手柄106。
在一些实施例中，换档按钮107被固定到滑动杠杆354，该滑动杠杆平行于枢转换档杆350并且也被容纳在变速杆104内。当换档按钮107不被压时，弹簧352将滑动杠杆354(并且因此档位选择销240)压下到棘爪板244上的单个棘爪246中。用户可以通过向上压换档按钮107(这使滑动杠杆354向上滑动，从棘爪246移除档位选择销240，并且允许杠杆102沿纵向方向自由旋转)沿第一换档路径118或第二换档路径120枢转杠杆102。
杠杆组件100的换档路径的一个实施例在图4A(侧视图)和4B(前视图)中被示出。当杠杆102从第一换档路径118横向移动到第二换档路径120时，档位选择销240通过下外壳112中的开口456突出。当用户向着向上位置134向前或向着向下位置136向后纵向地移动杠杆102时，档位选择销240接合限位开关458，发送命令信号到车辆的车载计算机。限位开关458可以是例如Omron公司(日本京都)的D2SW-P2L1M开关。
本发明的实施例可以使用电子设备来确定选择杆处于向上位置还是向下位置。一种优选方法是使用离散感测(诸如限位开关)来确定选择杆被压到向上位置中还是向下位置中。提供离散信号的任何其它类型的传感器可以用于这个目的。感测选择杆相对于向上/向下换档位置的位置的另一方法是使用连续感测(诸如电位计)来确定用户压杠杆到什么程度。任何其它类型的连续传感器可以用于这个目的。
本发明的实施例使用电子设备而不是机械元件来换档车辆的传动装置。杠杆102可以配备有传感器，该传感器确定杠杆102的换档位置。另外，本领域技术人员熟悉的一系列霍尔效应传感器可以用于感测杠杆的换档位置。一种优选的感测方法是使用霍尔效应磁性传感器，但这可以通过数种其它类型的传感器(包括光编码器，电位计等等)被实现。例如，杠杆102可以包括磁体，该磁体被布置用来在每一个换档位置与霍尔效应传感器对齐。在关联的处理器或控制器上运行的软件算法可以读取每一个传感器处的相关磁场水平以确定杠杆102处于哪个换档位置。这种方法可能是有利的，这是由于它增加可靠性且减小在档位之间换档所必要的移动部件的数量。在一些实施例中，电位计或光编码器可以用于减小成本。
在某些车辆操作模式期间，可能希望机械地锁定换档杆以免在以下位置之间移动：停车和飞行，或停车和倒退。这可以通过一个或更多个螺线管提供动力的连杆被实现，该螺线管提供动力的连杆基于车辆的状态由车辆的车载软件指挥。替代地，这可以使用伺服***、线性致动器等等被实现。
参考图5A-图5I，该图示出换档路径的替代布置，第二换档路径可以替代地包括与车辆在其驾驶构造和其飞行构造之间转换(诸如折叠和展开翼)相关的换档位置。在这种布置中，第二换档路径包括C＝转换换档位置，和用来向上和向下折叠翼的向上和向下位置(图5B)。类似于上述布置，可以存在当用户将杠杆推到向上或向下中并且释放杠杆时用来使选择杆恢复到转换位置的机构。
在另一替代布置中，该组件可以包括另外(第三)换档路径。在这里，一个换档路径包括驾驶相关换档位置并且第二换挡路径包括飞行相关换档位置(如前面提及的)，并且第三换挡路径包括构造改变相关的换档位置。第二和第三换档路径可以位于第一换档路径的相对侧上(图5C)。在这种情况中，横向路径将停车连接到第二换档路径上的飞行并且也连接到第三换档路径上的C。第二和第三换档路径也可以位于第一换档路径的相同侧上，在这种情况中，横向路径将停车连接到转换并且将转换连接到飞行(图5D)。
在另一替代布置中，换档路径包括仅仅一个纵向换档路径和一个横向换档路径。横向换档路径穿过停车并且包括飞行、转换或两者(图5E、5F和5H)。在这种布置中，可以不存在向上/向下位置。
在一些实施例中，为了选择杆沿纵向换档路径和横向换档路径移动，该选择杆可以能够沿至少两个方向(纵向方向和横向方向)枢转(图5A-5D、55G和51)。一种优选方法是使用四杆连杆，但这也可以使用卡登接头、橡胶接头或球接头被实现。例如，卡登接头可以是McMaster-Carr(Elmhurst，IL)的销和块的U形接头。合适的橡胶接头可以是从WestCoast Sailing(Portland，OR)可获得的舵柄万向接头。
虽然本发明的数种形式已经被示出且描述，但对本领域技术人员来说，其它形式现在将是显然的。因此，将理解，附图中示出的并且在上面描述的实施例仅仅为了说明目的并且不意图限制本发明的范围，如根据包括等同原则的专利法的原理解释的，本发明的范围由下面的权利要求限定。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于双模式飞行和驾驶车辆的电子换档器组件，所述电子换档器组件包括：
杠杆，所述杠杆在第一换档路径和第二换档路径之间可移动，所述第一换档路径包括至少一个驾驶相关操作位置，所述第二换档路径包括至少一个飞行相关操作位置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电子换档器组件，还包括：
限定开口的板，其中所述杠杆被布置成穿过所述开口。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电子换档器组件，其中，所述板包括所述驾驶相关操作位置的指示器和飞行相关操作位置的指示器。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电子换档器组件，其中，所述驾驶相关操作位置选自由停车位置、倒退位置、空档位置、前进位置和低速位置组成的组。
5.根据权利要求1所述的电子换档器组件，其中，所述至少一个飞行相关操作位置选自由飞行位置、向上位置和向下位置组成的组。
6.根据权利要求1所述的电子换档器组件，其中，所述至少一个飞行相关操作位置选自由转换位置、向上位置和向下位置组成的组。
7.根据权利要求1所述的电子换档器组件，其中，所述杠杆还包括枢轴、换档手柄、滑动件、换档按钮、压缩弹簧和档位选择销中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的电子换档器组件，其中，所述杠杆沿正交方向可移动。
9.根据权利要求8所述的电子换档器组件，其中，所述正交方向包括纵向方向和横向方向。
10.根据权利要求9所述的电子换档器组件，其中，所述纵向方向包括由横向路径连接的两个路径。
11.根据权利要求9所述的电子换档器组件，其中，所述纵向方向包括由横向路径连接的三个路径。
12.根据权利要求11所述的电子换档器组件，其中，所述三个路径包括：
第一换档路径，所述第一换档路径包括至少一个驾驶相关操作位置；
第二换档路径，所述第二换档路径包括飞行操作位置、向上操作位置或向下操作位置中的至少一个；和
第三换档路径，所述第三换档路径包括转换操作位置、向上操作位置或向下操作位置中的至少一个。
13.根据权利要求1所述的电子换档器组件，还包括弹簧机构，所述弹簧机构适合于使所述杠杆返回到所述第二换档路径中的中心位置。
14.根据权利要求1所述的电子换档器组件，还包括至少一个电子传感器。
15.根据权利要求14所述的电子换档器组件，其中，所述至少一个电子传感器选自由限位开关、霍尔效应传感器和电位计组成的组。
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