CN109070393A - 用于形成保持装置的模制设备 - Google Patents

用于形成保持装置的模制设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109070393A
CN109070393A CN201780026538.1A CN201780026538A CN109070393A CN 109070393 A CN109070393 A CN 109070393A CN 201780026538 A CN201780026538 A CN 201780026538A CN 109070393 A CN109070393 A CN 109070393A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
molded strip
cavity
equal
molding equipment
face
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201780026538.1A
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English (en)
Other versions
CN109070393B (zh
Inventor
D·博斯谢尔
A·马希
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aplix SA
Original Assignee
Aplix SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR1653866A external-priority patent/FR3050679B1/fr
Priority claimed from FR1653894A external-priority patent/FR3050624B1/fr
Priority claimed from FR1653872A external-priority patent/FR3050621B1/fr
Priority claimed from FR1653873A external-priority patent/FR3050622B1/fr
Priority claimed from FR1653888A external-priority patent/FR3050623B1/fr
Priority claimed from FR1653870A external-priority patent/FR3050620B1/fr
Priority claimed from FR1653897A external-priority patent/FR3050625B1/fr
Application filed by Aplix SA filed Critical Aplix SA
Publication of CN109070393A publication Critical patent/CN109070393A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN109070393B publication Critical patent/CN109070393B/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/22—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of indefinite length
    • B29C43/222—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of indefinite length characterised by the shape of the surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/04—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the partial melting of at least one layer
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44B—BUTTONS, PINS, BUCKLES, SLIDE FASTENERS, OR THE LIKE
    • A44B18/00—Fasteners of the touch-and-close type; Making such fasteners
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44B—BUTTONS, PINS, BUCKLES, SLIDE FASTENERS, OR THE LIKE
    • A44B18/00—Fasteners of the touch-and-close type; Making such fasteners
    • A44B18/0046—Fasteners made integrally of plastics
    • A44B18/0049—Fasteners made integrally of plastics obtained by moulding processes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44B—BUTTONS, PINS, BUCKLES, SLIDE FASTENERS, OR THE LIKE
    • A44B18/00—Fasteners of the touch-and-close type; Making such fasteners
    • A44B18/0046—Fasteners made integrally of plastics
    • A44B18/0061—Male or hook elements
    • A44B18/0065—Male or hook elements of a mushroom type
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44B—BUTTONS, PINS, BUCKLES, SLIDE FASTENERS, OR THE LIKE
    • A44B18/00—Fasteners of the touch-and-close type; Making such fasteners
    • A44B18/0069—Details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/10—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with incorporated venting means
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C43/02—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C43/20—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/22—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of indefinite length
    • B29C43/28—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of indefinite length incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. compression moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本公开涉及一种用于形成保持装置的模制设备(10)。模制设备(10)包括模制条(12)和模制支撑件(24)。模制条(12)包括内部面(14)、外部面(16)、从外部面(16)延伸到内部面(14)的多个通腔体(18)，模制条(12)沿纵向方向(X)延伸并且具有垂直于纵向方向(X)的横向方向(Y)，以及垂直于纵向方向(X)且垂直于横向方向(Y)的高度方向(Z)。内部面(14)被构造成压靠模制支撑件(24)的模制面(26)，其中模制条(12)的内部面(14)和/或模制支撑件(24)的模制面(26)包括通道阵列，在模制条(12)压靠在模制支撑件(24)上时，所述通道阵列形成通气孔并将腔体(18)连接在一起。

Description

用于形成保持装置的模制设备
技术领域
本公开涉及保持装置的领域，具体涉及用于制造具有钩的保持装置的设备的领域。
背景技术
用于制造包括自抓持元件(诸如钩)的闭合***的传统设备传统上利用用于将塑料材料分配到形成于模制辊中或模制条中的腔体中的装置。
此外，塑料材料以这样的方式分配到腔体中：在塑料材料分配器装置侧，材料形成连续的带，所述带形成在腔体中模制的钩或钩预成型件的基部。
例如通过使用压力辊通过压制挤出塑料材料到腔体中，或通过将塑料材料直接注入到腔体中，可以将塑料材料分配到腔体中。
用于制造具有钩的保持装置的设备是已知的，其包括模制条，该模制条是形成闭合环并且在旋转驱动装置(例如，两个辊)上张紧的条。面向其中一个驱动辊或面向模制支撑件将塑料材料注入或压入模制条中的腔体中。因此，驱动辊或模制支撑件面向塑料材料被注入或挤压的位置封闭模制条的腔体，以便限定给定体积的塑料材料，该给定体积的塑料材料将形成用于钩的预成型件或钩本身。
然而，考虑到经济需要，模制条的行进速度使得当塑料材料被分配到腔体中时，每个腔体(或仅腔体中的一些)可能不是完全充满塑料材料，并且气泡可能被困在腔体中。结果，并非所有的预成型件或钩都以最佳方式形成在基部上，并可能减小具有钩的保持装置的性能。
发明内容
本公开试图至少部分地补救这些缺点。
为此，本公开提供了一种用于形成保持装置的模制设备，该模制设备包括模制条和模制支撑件，该模制条具有内部面、外部面和从外部面延伸到内部面的多个通腔，模制条沿纵向方向延伸并且具有垂直于纵向方向的横向方向以及垂直于纵向方向且垂直于横向方向的高度方向，内部面被构造成压靠模制支撑件的模制面，其中模制条的内部面和/或模制支撑件的模制面包括通道阵列，在模制条压靠在模制支撑件上时，所述通道阵列形成通气孔并将腔体连接在一起。
举例来说，模制条是形成闭合环的模制条，所述闭合环在用于模制条的旋转驱动装置(例如，两个旋转驱动辊)上张紧。模制条的旋转驱动辊中之一可以用作模制支撑件。同样地，模制支撑件可以与旋转驱动装置不同。
在模制设备中，塑料材料经由模制条的外部面面向模制支撑件、即在模制条的内部面被压靠在模制支撑件的模制面上时，被注入腔体中。
当模制条被压靠在模制支撑件上时，即，当模制条的内部面被压靠在模制支撑件的模制面上时，由于形成通气孔的通道阵列将腔体彼此连接，因此在塑料材料的注入期间腔体不是完全封闭的。因此腔体不是气密的。
因此，当塑料材料被再次注入腔体中时，甚至当模制条高速行进时，注入每个腔体中的塑料材料将其中存在的空气推出到通道阵列中，并且空气经由模制条与模制支撑件之间的通道阵列形成的通气孔逸出到大气。空气可以经由未充满塑料材料且通过通道阵列与充满状态的腔体连接的腔体逸出到大气。空气也可以经由模制条的条侧部逸出到大气。因此，能够以高速制造保持装置并显著减小填充模制腔体所需的压力，以及显著减小用于使预成型件和/或钩脱模所需要提供的力。
可以理解的是，空气不再被塑料材料困在腔体中，因此不会阻止塑料材料填充腔体。而且，确保塑料材料最佳地填满腔体，之后例如可以获得具有钩的保持装置，该保持装置具有与带有环的配对物和/或带有钩的配对物之间良好的钩挂性能。然后减少或甚至消除在钩和/或预成型件的脱模期间的“吸盘(suction-cup)”效应。在脱模期间施加在带上的应力显著降低。
模制条的内部面和/或模制支撑件的模制面可以具有大于或等于1.0微米(μm)，优选大于或等于3.0μm且小于或等于50.0μm的最大粗糙高度Rz。
通道阵列由模制条的内部面的粗糙度和/或模制支撑件的模制面的粗糙度形成。该粗糙度用于形成通气孔，该通气孔用于使空气从注入有塑料材料的腔体排出。然而，这种粗糙度用于控制可以经由模制条的内部面离开腔体的塑料材料的量。
这种粗糙度可以通过用玻璃砂纸(例如用粒度在16至400的范围内，特别是240的玻璃砂纸)打磨模制条的内部面和/或模制支撑件的模制面来获得。
该粗糙度也可以通过对模制条的内部面和/或模制支撑件的模制面进行喷砂来获得。
该粗糙度也可以通过化学或激光粒化、通过滚花或实际上通过等离子喷涂获得。
内部面可以具有围绕每个腔体的开口部分并从内部面突出的边缘，所述边缘之间限定有通道阵列，每个边缘可能具有各种高度，使得当模制条被压靠在模制支撑件上时，每个边缘的至少一部分不压靠在模制支撑件上，使得每个腔体通过通道阵列与大气连通。
由于每个腔体的开口部分由从模制条的内部面突出的边缘围绕，所以通道阵列的一部分由模制条的内部面形成在边缘之间。此外，由于每个边缘具有不同的高度，因此当模制条压靠在模制支撑件上时，边缘的至少一部分不压靠在模制支撑件上，使得通道阵列的一部分也由边缘形成。
可以理解的是，边缘的高度是相对于模制条的外部面测量的，并且该高度是在平行于高度方向(即，平行于腔体的轴线)，并穿过腔体的平面上的剖面中测量的边缘的最大高度。
腔体的给定边缘的两个高度之间的最大差异可以大于或等于1.0μm，优选地大于或等于2.0μm，更优选地大于或等于4.0μm，并且小于或等于100.0μm，优选小于或等于50.0μm。
由于边缘具有不同的高度，因此对在平行于高度方向的各种不同剖面中测量的给定边缘的多个最大高度进行比较，并且在所有这些高度之间确定最大差异，该最大差异是大于或等于1.0μm，以便在腔体和通道阵列的其余部分之间形成空气通道。
优选地，最大差异大于或等于6.0μm，更优选地大于或等于8.0μm。
优选地，最大差异小于或等于50μm。
通道阵列可以在纵向方向上延伸。
可以理解的是，当模制条被压靠在模制支撑件上时，通道阵列能够形成允许空气沿纵向方向排出的通气孔。可以理解，通道阵列可以仅由严格平行于纵向方向的通道形成。
通道阵列可以在横向方向上延伸。
可以理解的是，当模制条被压靠在模制支撑件上时，通道阵列能够形成允许空气在横向方向和/或纵向方向上排出的通气孔。可以理解，通道阵列可以仅由严格平行于横向方向的通道形成。
通道阵列也可以由平行于纵向方向延伸的通道和平行于横向方向延伸的通道形成。
每个腔体可以限定从外部面朝向内部面延伸的主干，并且可以具有头形成端，该头形成端朝向模制条的内部面延伸远离主干。每个腔体还可以限定在外部面与横跨模制条的整个厚度的内部空间之间延伸的主干。
因此可以形成具有主干和头的保持元件，该头通过主干连接到带的基部。
模制条的每个腔体可以构造成形成保持元件的预成型件。
此后，预成型件可以通过已知手段变形来形成保持元件，或者如专利申请号FR1653894中详细描述的那样，该专利申请通过引用并入本文。
模制支撑件可以是模制辊。
因此，模制条的驱动辊中之一用作模制支撑件。
模制条可包括10个腔体/平方厘米(腔体/cm2)至500个腔体/cm2，特别是250个腔体/cm2±75个腔体/cm2。
每个腔体在高度方向上可以具有大于或等于5.0μm，优选地大于或等于20.0μm，更优选地大于或等于100.0μm，且小于或等于5000.0μm，优选小于或等于800.0μm，更优选小于或等于500.0μm的高度。
当腔体没有被相应的边缘包围时，在模制条的内部面与外部面之间例如相对于限定每个面的两个中平面表面测量腔体的高度。
当腔体被相应的边缘包围时，从模制条的外部面并且相对于边缘的最高点来测量腔体的高度，该最高点在平行于高度方向(即，平行于腔体的轴线)并包含在腔体中的剖面中测量。
模制条可包含基于镍的材料。
镍使得尤其能以完全由镍制成的单件形成连续的环形或“成环的”模制条。因此，模制条不存在任何材料不连续性，并且因此不存在可能在模制条中产生薄弱的任何连接部。具体地，如果模制条被焊接以形成环，则焊接区是模制条中的薄弱区。
术语“基于镍的材料”用于涵盖其中镍的质量含量占大多数的材料。可以理解，因此镍是该材料中具有最高质量含量的元素。举例来说，镍基材料是基于镍的金属合金，具有至少40％镍，优选至少60％镍，更优选至少80％镍的质量含量。
模制条也可以由镀镍钢制成，即模制条由钢条制成，钢条具有穿透其中的腔体，随后钢条例如通过电镀而覆盖多层镍。
由镀镍钢制成的该模制条包含5％至20％质量的镍。
模制条可以通过添加制造方法(additive manufacturing method)获得，例如，通过化学或电化学沉积，通过用激光烧结粉末，通过光刻，通过电铸，通过电成形，等等……。
在纵向方向上，模制条可以具有0.5米(m)至5m范围内的长度。
在横向方向上，模制条可以具有5毫米(mm)至3000mm范围内的宽度。
每个腔体围绕平行于高度方向的轴线可以具有旋转对称性。
因此形成围绕垂直于带的基部的轴线具有旋转对称性的保持元件或预成型件。可以理解的是，在带的脱模期间，保持元件或预成型件可以塑性变形，使得它们在脱模后不再具有旋转对称性。
围绕至少一个腔体的通道阵列的一部分可具有基本为六边形的形状。
这种六边形形状使得可以将腔体相对于彼此布置成“蜂窝状”或交错配置。腔体的这种布置使得可以实现保持元件的密集布置。
至少一个边缘的高度与邻近所述边缘的通道的高度之间的最大差值可小于或等于100.0μm。
优选地，至少一个边缘的高度与邻近所述边缘的通道的高度之间的最大差值可以小于或等于75.0μm，更优选地小于或等于50.0μm。
当在平行于高度方向的各种不同剖面中测量通道高度时，在具有最小通道高度的点处从模制条的外部面测量通道的高度。
附图说明
本公开的其他特征、目的和优点从以下描述中显现，该描述纯粹是说明性的而非限制性的，并且应该参考附图阅读，其中：
-图1是用于形成保持装置的模制设备的示意性剖视图；
-图2是用于形成保持装置的另一模制设备的示意性剖视图；
-图3是模制条的第一实施例中的模制条的内部面的示意图；
-图4A是在图3的剖面IV-IV中，以腔体为中心的模制条的剖视图；
-图4B是在图3的剖面IV-IV中，以腔体为中心的模制条的剖视图，其中模制条被压靠在模制支撑件上；
-图5是模制条的第二实施例中从模制条的内部面的上方观察的示意图；
-图6A是立体的局部剖视图，示出了图5的剖面VI-VI中的模制条；
-图6B是在图5的剖面VI-VI中，以腔体为中心的模制条的剖视图，其中模制条被压靠在模制支撑件上；
-图7A是在图5的剖面VII-VII中的模制条的立体的局部剖视图；
-图7B是在图5的剖面VII-VII中，以腔体为中心的模制条的剖视图，其中模制条被压靠在模制支撑件上；
-图8是模制条的另一个实施例中的腔体的局部剖视图，其中模制条被压靠在模制支撑件上；以及
-图9是模制支撑件的另一实施例的剖视图，其中模制条被压靠在模制支撑件上。
具体实施方式
图1是用于形成保持装置的模制设备10的示意性剖视图。所述模制设备10包括模制条12，该模制条形成闭环并具有内部面14、外部面16和从外部面16延伸到内部面14的多个通腔体18。
模制条12张紧在用于向模制条12传递旋转驱动的装置(例如，两个旋转驱动辊20和22)上。用于模制条12的旋转驱动辊中的一个旋转驱动辊20可以用作模制支撑件24。特别地，两个辊中的仅一个(例如，辊24)需要由马达驱动装置驱动旋转，而另一个辊22空转(idle)(而没有马达驱动装置)并且由本身由辊21驱动的模制条驱动旋转。
模制支撑件24具有模制面26，该模制面用于压靠在模制条12的内部面14上。模制条12的内部面14压靠在旋转驱动辊20上以驱动模制条12。
模制设备10还具有分配器装置28，用于将塑料材料30分配到模制条12的腔体18中。在图1中，用于分配材料(例如，塑料材料30)的分配器装置28布置在模制条12的外部面16侧部上，面向模制支撑件26，即，在模制条12的内部面14压靠在模制支撑件24的模制面26上时，塑料材料30被分配到模制条的腔体18中。
例如，分配器装置28可以是塑料材料注射器头。塑料材料注射器头(或挤出器头)具有开口，所述开口在横向方向上的宽度小于或等于模制条12在横向方向上的宽度。
在图1中，分配器装置28布置在距模制条12的外部面16一定距离处，以便在模制条12与分配器装置28之间形成间隙32。
在将塑料材料30分配到模制条12的腔体18中的同时，在模制条12的外部面16上还形成基部34，从而在脱模之后形成带36，所述带包括其上具有多个保持元件38或多个保持元件预成型件的基部34。
模制设备10还具有脱模辊40。举例来说，脱模辊40可构造成在带36的张力及其方向变化的作用下将带36的基部34与模制条12分离。脱模辊40可以是抽吸辊，并且可以具有橡胶涂层，以使脱模更容易。
应该观察到，模制设备10还可以具有用于去除多余塑料材料的装置，诸如在图1的示例中布置在模制条12的内部面14侧上且在模制条12的行进方向上位于模制支撑件24之后的刮刀42。因此可以理解，刮刀42布置在分配装置28之后。
图2是用于形成保持装置的另一模制设备10的示意性剖视图。
下面，各种实施例共有的元件由相同的附图标记标识。
图2的模制设备10与图1的模制设备10的不同之处在于，在图2中，模制支撑件24并非模制条12的旋转驱动辊20。
在模制条12的行进方向上限定纵向方向X，横向方向Y垂直于纵向方向X，并且高度方向Z垂直于纵向方向X和横向方向Y两者。XY平面限定模制条12的位于模制条的两个旋转驱动辊20、22之间的平面。
在纵向方向上，当模制条12被切割并平放时，模制条12可以具有0.5m至5m范围内的长度(或周长)。
在横向方向上，模制条12可以具有5mm至3000mm范围内的宽度。例如，模制条12的宽度可以等于50mm、100mm或200mm。
模制条12还可具有10个腔体/cm2至500个腔体/cm2。举例来说，模制条12可具有250个腔体/cm2±75个腔体/cm2。
图3是模制条12的内部面14的视图。该模制条12具有腔体18，并且其具有根据ISO4287和ISO 4288标准测量的3.23μm的最大粗糙高度Rz。沿着轮廓44测量该粗糙度。此外，沿着给定的轮廓44，粗糙度轮廓的算术平均偏差Ra为532.21纳米(nm)，同样也是根据ISO4287和ISO 4288标准测量的。这种粗糙度是通过用玻璃砂纸(例如240粒度玻璃砂纸)打磨模制条12的内部面14而获得的。内部面14的打磨产生磨痕，在模制条12的内部面14中形成通道阵列46。
在图3中，每个腔体18围绕平行于高度方向Z的轴线C具有旋转对称性。
在图3中，可以看到腔体18沿纵向方向X对齐并在纵向方向X上形成多排。在图3的实施例中，一排腔体18与另一排间隔开间距P1，该间距P1是在同一排中的两个紧邻的腔体18的轴线C之间测量的。两个紧邻的排彼此间隔开间距P2，间距P2在横向方向上测量，并且两排的腔体在纵向上彼此偏移间距P1的一半，即，偏移间距P1除以2(也写为P1/2)。该偏移值不以任何方式限制。在图3的示例中，间距P1严格地大于间距P2。
图4A是在图3的剖面IV-IV上，以剖面示出的，以腔体18为中心的模制条12的局部剖视图。该剖面IV-IV平行于ZY平面并包含腔体18的轴线C。模制条12具有外部面16和内部面14。内部面14具有如上所述的粗糙度。在高度方向Z上测量的腔体18的高度H1是相对于两个中平面表面(每个中平面表面限定所述面中之一)测量的，并且在本示例中，在膜的外部面14与图4A中由内部面14的中平面表示的假想表面48之间测量。
在高度方向Z上，每个腔体18的高度H1大于或等于5.0μm，优选地大于或等于20.0μm，更优选地大于或等于100μm，并且小于或等于5000.0μm，优选小于或等于800.0μm，更优选小于或等于500.0μm。
腔体18具有限定保持元件38的主干的第一部分18A和形成腔体18的一端的第二部分18B，该第二部分从主干朝向模制条12的内部面14延伸以形成保持元件38的头(或预成型件)。限定主干的第一部分18A可以是圆柱形或截头圆锥形。例如，第一部分18A可以具有在远离外部面16并朝向内部面14时减小的直径。形成头的第二部分18B通常相对于与主干的轴线平行(即，平行于高度方向)的轴线径向或横向地延伸。特别是，在远离部分18A朝向模制条12的内部面14的方向上，头的直径变得更大。更具体地，头的形状基本上是截头圆锥形的。在一个变型中，可以设想形成具有六面体形状的头。在一个变型中，还可以设想腔体具有旋转双曲面或回转双曲面的至少一部分。
模制条12的内部面14的粗糙度形成通道阵列46，在模制条12压靠在模制支撑件24上时，即，当模制条12的内部面14压靠在模制支撑件24的模制面26上时，通道阵列46形成通气孔50并将腔体18连接在一起，如图4B所示。
图5是模制条12的另一个实施例中的模制条12的内部面14的视图。该模制条12具有腔体18。与图3的实施例中一样，在图5的实施例中可以看到，腔体18在纵向方向X上对齐以便在纵向方向X上形成多排。在图5的实施例中，一排腔体18以间距P1与另一排间隔开，间距P1在同一排中的两个相邻腔体18的轴线C之间测量。两个紧邻的排彼此间隔开间距P2，该间距P2在横向方向上测量，并且两排腔体在纵向上彼此偏移间距P1的一半，即偏移间距P1除以2(也写为P1/2)。尽管通过相同的附图标记表示，但是可以理解，在图3的实施例与图5的实施例之间，间距P1和P2可以不同。因此，在图5的示例中，间距P1严格大于间距P2。
应该观察到，在边缘52之间形成的通道阵列46包括通道阵列46的这样的一部分64，该一部分围绕腔体18且基本上为六边形。更具体地说，是围绕腔体18的通道阵列46的底部具有大致六边形的形状。
在图5中，模制条12的内部面14具有围绕每个腔体18的开口部分并从模制条12的内部面14突出的边缘52。
在图5中，每个腔体18围绕平行于高度方向Z的轴线C具有旋转对称性。然而，边缘52不需要具有旋转对称性。
因此，类似于从模制条12的内部面14突出的边缘52，通道阵列46的一部分由模制条12的内部面14在边缘52之间形成。此外，由于每个边缘52具有不同的高度HR1、HR2、HR3和HR4，当模制条12压靠在模制支撑件24上时，边缘52的至少一部分不压靠在模制支撑件24上，使得通道阵列46的一部分也由边缘52的一部分形成。模制条压靠在模制支撑件的面上的面积严格小于100％(不考虑腔体的面积)，更具体地说，小于98％。压靠面积大于5％。在某些实施例中，模制条的压靠在模制支撑件的面上的面积在15％至45％的范围内。在某些实施例中，模制条的压靠在模制支撑件的面上的面积在55％至90％的范围内。
如图6A、图6B、图7A和图7B所示，每个边缘52具有变化的高度HR1、HR2、HR3和HR4。这些高度是相对于模制条12的外部面16测量的。此外，这些高度HR1、HR2、HR3和HR4是在平行于高度方向Z(即平行于腔体18的轴线C)且穿过腔体18的剖面中测量的边缘52的最大高度。优选地，剖面包含轴线C。具体地，在剖面中，在剖视图中，边缘52具有最大高度。
在高度方向Z上，每个腔体18具有至少一个高度HR1、HR2、HR3或HR4，所述高度大于或等于5.0μm，优选地大于或等于20.0μm，更优选地大于或等于100.0μm，并且小于或等于5000.0μm，优选小于或等于800.0μm，更优选小于或等于500.0μm。
在图5的实施例中，边缘52具有两个最大值54、56和两个最小值58、60，两个最大值54、56由一最小值分开，两个最小值58、60由一最大值分开。因此，当沿着最大高度的线62(即，在腔体18的剖面中测量的轮廓的最大高度的连续线)围绕边缘52行进时，先经过第一最大值54，然后是第一最小值58，接着是第二个最大值56，之后是第二个最小值60，以便返回到第一个最大值54。
在图5、图6A、图6B、图7A和图7B的示例中，最大值54和56分别对应于高度HR1和HR2，并且最小值58和60分别对应于高度HR3和HR4。
在图5、图6A、图6B、图7A和图7B的示例中，第一最大值54的高度HR1不同于第二最大值56的高度HR2。同样，第一最小值58的高度HR3不同于第二最小值60的高度HR4。
例如，腔体12的给定边缘52的两个高度之间的最大差异可以大于或等于1.0μm，优选地大于或等于2.0μm，更优选地大于或等于4.0μm，并且小于或等于100.0μm，优选小于或等于50.0μm。例如，如果认为HR1大于HR2且HR3大于HR4，则在HR1和HR4之间测量最大差异，并且可以例如等于14.0μm。
因此，由于边缘52具有变化的高度，因此在给定边缘52的多个最大高度(即，在平行于高度方向的各种不同剖面中测量的边缘52的最大高度，换句话说，沿最大高度的线62取得的边缘52的高度)之间进行比较。确定所有这些高度之间的最大差异，例如，该最大差异大于或等于1.0μm，以便在腔体18与通道阵列46的其余部分之间形成空气通道。
还应观察到，至少一个边缘52的高度和与所述边缘52邻近的通道46的高度HP之间的最大差异小于或等于100.0μm，例如等于35.0μm。
可以看出，边缘52在最大值54处具有高台(plateau)66。在图5中，高台66的形状基本上为椭圆形，并且在纵向方向上具有约150.0μm的尺寸且在横向方向上具有约45.0μm的尺寸。
在模制条12处于使用中时，这些高台66的尺寸由于模制条12与模制支撑件24之间的摩擦磨损而趋于增加。因此，在新的模制条12上，不必存在这些高台66或者可以仅存在于边缘52的最大值之一上。此后，由于模制条12与模制支撑件24和/或用于驱动模制条12的旋转驱动辊20、22之间的重复接触，可在边缘52的所有最大值处出现高台66，并且它们的尺寸可在各边缘之间以及随着时间推移而变化。
图8是在模制条12的另一个实施例中的腔体18的局部剖视和立体视图，模制条12被压靠在模制支撑件24上。
在图8的示例中，围绕腔体18并且从模制条12的内部面14突出的边缘52具有最大高度的线62，其包括最大值和最小值的连续线，使得当模制条12压靠在模制支撑件24上时，腔体18通过形成通气孔50的通道阵列46与大气连接且与其它腔体连接。
图8还示出了一模制条12，其中围绕腔体18并且从模制条12的内部面14突出的边缘52具有基本恒定的最大高度的线62，即，从外部面16测量的高度HR基本相等，呈现出大于或等于1.0μm，优选地大于或等于3.0μm且小于或等于50.0μm的最大粗糙高度Rz。
图9示出了模制设备10的一个实施例，其中模制支撑件24具有大于或等于1.0μm，优选大于或等于3.0μm，且小于或等于50.0μm的最大粗糙高度Rz。
在图9的实施例中，模制条12不具有边缘。然而，可以设想将图9的模制支撑件24与上述模制条的任何一个实施例结合。
因此，模制条12的内部面14同样可以具有大于或等于1.0μm，优选大于或等于3.0μm，且小于或等于50.0μm的最大粗糙高度Rz，和/或模制条12可以具有围绕每个腔体18的边缘52。
尽管参考特定实施例描述了本公开，但是在不超出由权利要求限定的本公开的一般范围的前提下，显然可以对这些实施例进行各种修改和改变。而且，所提及的不同实施例的各个特征可以结合在另外的实施例中。因此，应在说明性而非限制性的意义上考虑说明书和附图。例如，图1和图2的模制设备10具有用于模制条12的两个旋转驱动辊20，但也可以具有三个。可以理解的是，辊的数量和它们的布置方式不是限制性的。辊的数量和它们的布置方式可以变化，以适应模制条12的长度和/或模制设备10的各种站的配置。例如，如同辊24那样，辊22也可以设有旋转驱动装置。此外，间距P1可以等于间距P2，当边缘围绕每个腔体时，间距P1可以严格小于间距P2，相反，当模制条12的内部面14不存在围绕腔体18的任何边缘时，间距P1可以严格大于间距P2。还可以设想，沿纵向取得并且彼此紧邻的两排可以在纵向方向上彼此偏移不同于间距P1一半的间距。在图5、图6A、图6B、图7A和图7B的示例中，边缘52具有两个最大值和两个最小值。这些例子不是限制性的。
还应观察到，附图未按比例再现。因此，为了更好地理解，某些细节已经自动放大，以便能够显示出来。
在一个实施例中，模制条由镍制成并具有大于90％的镍含量。同样可以设想使用由铜、黄铜或金属合金制成的条。此外，同样可以设想使用仅由钢制成并且穿孔的模制条，例如由不锈钢制成的模制条。还可以设想用可选的增强有机材料制造模制条，例如，基于橡胶的模制条或由环氧碳或编织或针织的织带或实际上编织或针织的金属织带制成的模制条。
在该示例中，具有钩的保持装置由塑料材料制成。术语“塑料材料”用于表示热塑性材料，更具体地，是基于均聚物或共聚物的聚烯烃材料。
举例来说，塑料材料来自以下列表：线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、茂金属聚乙烯(m-PE)、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)、聚丙烯(PP)，具有单模或多模(例如双模)的分子量分布，特别是包含LLDPE和塑性体(特别是基于聚乙烯的塑性体)的合成物。还可以使用聚酰亚胺(PA)、聚乳酸(PLA)、聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHA)、聚乙烯醇(PVOH)、聚丁二烯苯乙烯(PBS)。
在专利申请FR 16/53866、FR 16/53870、FR 16/53872、FR 16/53873、FR 16/53888、FR 16/53894和FR 16/53897中描述了与本公开相兼容的各种***和方法，这些专利申请在本说明书中通过引用全部并入。

Claims (17)

1.一种用于形成保持装置的模制设备(10)，所述模制设备(10)包括模制条(12)和模制支撑件(24)，所述模制条(12)具有内部面(14)、外部面(16)和从所述外部面(16)延伸到所述内部面(14)的多个通腔体(18)，所述模制条(12)沿纵向方向(X)延伸并具有垂直于纵向方向(X)的横向方向(Y)，以及垂直于所述纵向方向(X)和所述横向方向(Y)的高度方向(Z)，所述内部面(14)被构造成压靠在所述模制支撑件(24)的模制面(26)上，其中所述模制条(12)的内部面(14)和/或所述模制支撑件(24)的模制面(26)包括通道阵列(46)，当所述模制条(12)压靠在所述模制支撑件(24)上时，所述通道阵列(46)形成通气孔(50)并将所述腔体(18)连接在一起。
2.根据权利要求1所述的模制设备(10)，其中，所述模制条的内部面(14)和/或所述模制支撑件(24)的模制面(26)具有大于或等于1.0μm，优选大于或等于3.0μm，且小于或等于50.0μm的最大粗糙高度Rz。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的模制设备(10)，其中，所述内部面(14)具有边缘(52)，所述边缘围绕每个腔体(18)的开口部分且从所述内部面(14)突出，所述边缘(52)之间限定有所述通道阵列(46)，每个边缘(52)具有不同高度(HR1、HR2、HR3、HR4)，使得当所述模制条(12)被压靠在所述模制支撑件(24)上时，每个边缘(52)的至少一部分不压靠在所述模制支撑件(24)上，使得每个腔体(18)通过所述通道阵列(46)与大气连接。
4.根据权利要求3所述的模制设备(10)，其中，腔体(18)的给定边缘(52)的两个高度之间的最大差异大于或等于1.0μm，优选大于或等于2.0μm，更优选大于或等于4.0μm，且小于或等于100.0μm，优选小于或等于50.0μm。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的模制设备(10)，其中，所述通道阵列(46)在所述纵向方向(X)上延伸。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的模制设备(10)，其中，所述通道阵列(46)在所述横向方向(Y)上延伸。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的模制设备(10)，其中，每个腔体(18)限定从所述外部面(16)朝向所述内部面(14)延伸的主干，并具有朝向所述模制条(12)的内部面(14)延伸远离所述主干的头形成端。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的模制设备(10)，其中，所述模制条(12)的每个腔体(18)被构造成形成保持元件(38)的预成型件。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的模制设备(10)，其中，所述模制支撑件(24)是模制辊(20、22)。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的模制设备(10)，其中，所述模制条(12)具有10个腔体/cm2至500个腔体/cm2。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的模制设备(10)，其中，每个腔体(18)在所述高度方向(Z)上具有的高度大于或等于5.0μm，优选大于或等于20.0μm，更优选大于或等于100.0μm，且小于或等于5000.0μm，优选小于或等于800.0μm，更优选小于或等于500.0μm。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的模制设备(10)，其中，所述模制条(12)包含基于镍的材料。
13.根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的模制设备(10)，其中，所述模制条(12)在所述纵向方向(X)上的长度在0.5m至5m的范围内。
14.根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的模制设备(10)，其中，所述模制条(12)在所述横向方向(Y)上的宽度在5mm至3000mm的范围内。
15.根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的模制设备(10)，其中，每个腔体(18)围绕平行于所述高度方向的轴线(C)呈旋转对称。
16.根据权利要求1至15中任一项与权利要求3组合所述的模制设备(10)，其中，所述通道阵列(46)的围绕至少一个所述腔体(18)的一部分(64)具有基本六边形的形状。
17.根据权利要求1至16中任一项与权利要求3组合所述的模制设备(10)，其中，至少一个边缘(52)的高度与邻近所述边缘(52)的通道(46)的高度之间的最大差异小于或等于100.0μm。
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