CN108934677B - Method for preventing apple pests by attracting and breeding natural enemies through mixed grasses in apple orchard - Google Patents
Method for preventing apple pests by attracting and breeding natural enemies through mixed grasses in apple orchard Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108934677B CN108934677B CN201810588687.3A CN201810588687A CN108934677B CN 108934677 B CN108934677 B CN 108934677B CN 201810588687 A CN201810588687 A CN 201810588687A CN 108934677 B CN108934677 B CN 108934677B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- apple
- grass
- natural
- orchard
- alfalfa
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for attracting and breeding natural enemies to control apple pests in an apple orchard by mixed raw grasses, which aims at the occurrence law and characteristics of apple pests, forms a mixed raw grass mode combining artificial grass seeds and natural raw grasses in the apple orchard by artificially planting partial grass seeds, namely forms natural weeds, alfalfa, vetch seeds, malachite grass and marigold in the apple growing season to facilitate the mixed raw grasses in the apple orchard, attracts and breeds the natural enemies in different flowering periods by using the grass seeds, provides food and inhabitation places for the natural enemies, and keeps the types and the number of the natural enemies in the apple orchard at a higher level for a long time so as to achieve the purpose of continuously controlling the harm of the apple pests.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a method for preventing apple pests by attracting and breeding natural enemies through mixed grasses in an apple orchard.
Background
The apple is the first fruit variety in China, the cultivation area and the yield of the apple account for about 20% and 30% of the total amount of the fruit in China, and since 2005, China becomes the first country for apple production and consumption in the world. At present, the serious harm of diseases and pests is still an important factor for restricting the high-quality production of apples in China. The basic research work of China on apple pests is relatively weak, and the comprehensive pest control work is relatively laggard. In recent years, with the change of orchard cultivation technology, the variety and the number of pests in an orchard are changed, the change is mainly represented by the alternation of primary and secondary pests, aphids and leaf mite pests are still the main pests on apples at present, in the past, the leaf eating pests and scale insects with serious harm are basically controlled, the leaf hidden pests gradually rise to the main pests, with the general application of fruit bagging technology, the damage degree of fruit eating pests is obviously reduced, and the damage degree of mealybugs is increased year by year.
In the face of the continuous harm of apple pests, China mainly adopts a chemical control-based control means at present, and a large amount of chemical pesticides (insecticides and acaricides) are required to be used for controlling the apple pests every year. The unreasonable use of chemical pesticide not only causes the problems of drug resistance, reduced prevention and control effect, continuous increase of pesticide usage amount, overproof apple pesticide residue and the like of various pests, but also seriously kills natural enemies in orchards, reduces the control effect of the natural enemies on the pests, causes the pests to be rampant, and simultaneously causes the aggravation of environmental pollution and the formation of malignant cycle of ecological environment.
The growing of grass in apple orchard is to grow grass in whole orchard or between rows and cover the land in orchard, and is a more advanced orchard soil management mode, which starts from the middle of 19 th century in the United states. The orchard grassing in modern meaning in China starts from the beginning of 80 s in the 20 th century, and the technology is formally introduced and gradually popularized in 1998, but the development is slow, and according to survey, the area of the existing grassing apple orchard in China only accounts for about 20% of the total area of the apple orchard in China. After the grass grows in the orchard, the occurrence types and the number of main pests and natural enemies thereof in the orchard are obviously changed, the harm degree of part of pests is reduced, or the occurrence time is delayed, so that the control difficulty is reduced; meanwhile, the variety and the number of the natural enemies in the garden are increased, the occurrence peak is advanced, the occurrence period is prolonged, and the grass growing in the garden can also protect the natural enemies from being influenced by adverse conditions such as natural disasters, so that the natural enemies can more effectively control the occurrence and damage of the apple pests. The raw grass in the apple orchard covers the ground, so that the wind erosion can be greatly reduced in winter and spring, the loss of soil, fertilizer and water can be reduced in summer and rainy season, the soil in the orchard is prevented from being eroded, and the method has great significance for improving the ecological environment and preventing water and soil loss. The growing grass in the apple orchard can improve the soil and the organic matter content of the soil, further influence the growth vigor of fruit trees, change the nutrition of the leaves of the fruit trees and improve the yield and the quality of fruits.
Orchard grass growing is mainly divided into two modes of natural grass growing and artificial grass planting. The natural grasses have the advantages of low cost, labor saving and labor saving in management, rich plant communities, strong grass variety adaptability, good stability and the like, but the natural grasses are mostly gramineous plants, have short flowering phase and are difficult to meet the requirements of natural enemies of orchards on honey sources; and natural grass is of various types, can be doped with some malignant weeds, needs to be removed in time, and is slightly fussy to manage. Compared with natural grass, artificial grass planting has the advantages of strong pertinence, artificial control and the like. However, the artificial grass planting in China is difficult to popularize and apply on a large scale because deep research aiming at different grass varieties and different region adaptability is lacked.
At present, the research and application of the apple orchard grass seeds are few in China, the apple orchard grass seeds mainly comprise alfalfa (Medicago sativa), vetch seed (Vicia villosaRoth), mouse couch grass (Vulpia myros), Trifolium repens (Trifolium repens) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), and the large-area planting of single grass seeds is mainly performed. At present, the flowering period of the grass seeds generated in the orchard is short and mostly concentrated in 5-6 months, but the occurrence peak of apple pests and natural enemies is mostly concentrated in 7-10 months, and the demand of the natural enemy on the honey sources in the occurrence peak period is difficult to meet by the common grass seeds and grass generation modes in the orchard at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for controlling apple pests by attracting and breeding natural enemies through mixed grasses in an apple orchard. Aiming at the occurrence law and characteristics of apple pests, the mixed grass growing mode combining artificial grass planting and natural grass growing is formed in the apple orchard by artificially planting partial grass seeds, natural enemies are attracted and bred by utilizing different flowering phases of the grass seeds, food and habitat are provided for the natural enemies, the types and the number of the natural enemies in the apple orchard are kept at a high level for a long time, and the purpose of continuously controlling the harm of the apple pests is achieved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for attracting and breeding natural enemies to control apple pests by mixed grasses in apple orchards comprises the following steps:
(1) in autumn of the first year, alfalfa is sown among rows of fruit trees, and hairy vetch is sown in open land among fruit trees and at the edge of an apple orchard;
(2) in spring of the second year, reseeding is carried out according to the germination and seedling emergence conditions of the alfalfa and the vetch; meanwhile, wild grass seeds which compete strongly for fertilizer water with fruit trees are removed, and natural grass seeds which consume less water and fertilizer in the garden are reserved; the apple growing season forms an apple orchard mixed grass pattern of mixing alfalfa and vetch on the basis of natural grass generation;
(3) in spring of the third year, on the basis of keeping alfalfa and vetch, sown maidenhair and marigold in the wide part between the apple rows, and meanwhile, keep the natural grass seeds with less water and fertilizer consumption in the garden; in the apple growing season, a mixed grass pattern of natural weeds, alfalfa, vetch, malachite and marigold is formed in the apple orchard;
(4) in the fourth year and later, according to the actual grass growing situation of the orchard, the mixed grass growing pattern of the apple orchard, which is formed by natural weeds, alfalfa, vetch, malachite and marigold, is maintained.
Preferably, in the step (1), the alfalfa and the hair vetch are sown in 9-10 months in autumn of the first year. The seeds are sowed in 9-10 months, so that the water and fertilizer competition of the naturally growing grass in spring can be effectively avoided, and the germination rate and the emergence rate of the seeds are improved; meanwhile, the florescence of the hair vetch can be controlled to be 4-6 months, and the florescence of the alfalfa is controlled to be 6-7 months.
Preferably, in the step (1), the sowing amount of the alfalfa is as follows: each 667m2Sowing 0.5-1.0 kg of alfalfa seeds in the apple orchard; the sowing quantity of the sweet potato seeds is as follows: each 667m20.5-1.0 kg of seed of vetch is sowed in apple orchard.
Preferably, in the step (1), the alfalfa is sown manually or by a machine.
Preferably, in the step (2) and the step (3), the natural grass seeds with less water and fertilizer consumption comprise: herba seu radix Phrymatis Equiseti, herba Setariae viridis, rhizoma et radix Thalictri, herba Stellariae mediae, and fructus Chenopodii.
Preferably, in step (3), maidenhair and marigold are sown in 5-6 months in spring of the third year. The seeds are sowed in 5-6 months, so that the germination rate of the seeds can be improved; more importantly, the florescence of the maidenhair is controlled to be 8-9 months, and the florescence of the marigold is controlled to be 9-10 months.
Preferably, in the step (3), the sowing amount of the maidenhair and the marigold is as follows: each 667m2100-200 g of maidenhair and marigold seeds are sown in the apple orchard.
Preferably, the method further comprises: watering in the growing season of the apples in due time; and (4) timely mowing the artificial grass and the natural grass.
Specifically, the artificial grass seeds are mowed for 1-2 times all the year round, the height of the remaining stubbles is 8-12cm, and the grass seeds sowed in autumn are not mowed in the current year; naturally growing grass is mowed for 2-3 times, and the height of the remaining stubble is 25-35 cm.
The application of the method in apple pest control in dwarf close-planting apple orchards and/or vigorous orchards is also within the protection scope of the invention.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, through deep research on grass seeds in the apple orchard, the grass seeds in the apple orchard are preferably selected, and the orchard mixed grass pattern of natural weeds, alfalfa, vetch, peacock and marigold is formed in the apple growing season. The natural enemies are attracted and bred by the plants in different flowering periods (4-6 months for hairy vetch, 6-7 months for alfalfa, 8-9 months for maidenhair and 9-10 months for marigold), so that food and habitat are provided for the natural enemies, the types and the number of the natural enemies in the apple orchard are kept at a high level for a long time, and the purpose of continuously controlling the harm of apple pests is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the occurrence trends of natural enemies on apple trees in different grass mode test areas of Shandong Yishui.
FIG. 2: the occurrence dynamics of natural enemies on the grasses in different grassing mode test areas of Shandong Yishui.
FIG. 3: the occurrence of pests on apple trees in different grass mode test areas in Shandong Yishui is dynamic.
FIG. 4: apple orchard welfare and harm ratios in different grassy mode test areas of Shandong Yishui.
FIG. 5: the occurrence dynamics of main natural enemy species on apple trees in different grass mode test areas of Shandong Yishui; wherein A is the change of the quantity of the sand flies on the apple trees; b is the change of the quantity of the propylaea japonica on the apple tree; c is the change of the quantity of the harmonia axyridis on the apple trees.
FIG. 6: the occurrence dynamics of main natural enemy species on the grasses in different grassing mode test areas of Shandong Yishui; wherein A is the number change of parasitic wasps on the raw grass; b, the number of the aphid-eating flies on the raw grass is changed; c is the quantity change of the propylaea japonica on the raw grass; d is the number change of the harmonia axyridis on the raw grass; e is the change of the quantity of the sand flies on the green grass.
FIG. 7: the main pest species on apple trees in different grass mode test areas of Shandong Yishui are dynamic; wherein A is the quantity change of the Aphis citricola; b is the quantity change of the leaf rollers; c is the number change of the golden fine moths; d is the quantity change of the leaf-eating caterpillars.
FIG. 8: the occurrence dynamics of natural enemies on apple trees in different grass mode test areas of Shandong Qufu.
FIG. 9: the occurrence dynamics of natural enemies on the grasses in different grasses model test areas of Shandong Qufu.
FIG. 10: the occurrence of pests on apple trees in different grass mode test areas of Shandong Qufu is dynamic.
FIG. 11: the benefit-harm ratio of apple orchards in different grassland model test areas of Shandong Qufu.
FIG. 12: the occurrence dynamics of main natural enemy species on apple trees in different grass mode test areas of Shandong Qufu; wherein A is the number change of harmonia axyridis on apple trees; b is the change of the quantity of the propylaea japonica on the apple tree; c is the change of the quantity of the sand flies on the apple trees.
FIG. 13: the occurrence dynamics of main natural enemy species on the grass of different grass mode test areas of Shandong Qufu; wherein A is the quantity change of the propylaea japonica on the grass; b is the number change of parasitic wasps on the raw grass; c, the number of the aphid flies on the grass changes; d is the number change of the harmonia axyridis on the raw grass; e is the change of the quantity of the sand flies on the green grass.
FIG. 14: the main pest species on the apple trees in different grass mode test areas of Shandong Qufuu occur dynamically; wherein A is the quantity change of the Aphis citricola; b is the number change of the golden fine moths.
FIG. 15: the natural weeds in the Yishui of Shandong, alfalfa and Maotai seed are mixed with the growth conditions of the grass plants in the raw grass apple orchard in different seasons.
FIG. 16: the natural weed of Shandong Qufu, alfalfa, vetch, malachite and marigold are mixed to generate the growth condition of the grass plants in the apple orchard in different seasons.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
As introduced in the background art, the existing apple planting and production process mainly depends on chemical means to prevent and control apple pests, so that the pests have the problems of drug resistance, overproof chemical pesticide residue and the like. Based on the method, through tests and field investigation, aiming at the occurrence law and characteristics of apple pests, a mixed weed mode combining artificial grass and natural weed is formed in an apple orchard by artificially planting partial grass seeds, namely, alfalfa is artificially sown or mechanically sown between apple rows in 9-10 months in the first year, a certain amount of vetch (long soft wild pea) is sown in the open land between apple rows and apple plants or at the edge of the apple orchard, a mixed weed pattern of a certain amount of alfalfa and vetch is formed in the second year, on the basis, a small amount of peacock and marigold are manually sown in wider places such as between apple rows in 5-6 months in the third year, and the orchard mixed weed pattern of natural weed, alfalfa, vetch, peacock and marigold is formed in the apple growing season.
And a small amount of broadcasting supplement is carried out according to the actual situation every year to maintain the mixed grass growing pattern of the apple orchard. The natural enemies are attracted and bred by the plants in different flowering periods (4-6 months for hairy vetch, 6-7 months for alfalfa, 8-9 months for maidenhair and 9-10 months for marigold), so that food and habitat are provided for the natural enemies, the types and the number of the natural enemies in the apple orchard are kept at a high level for a long time, and the purpose of continuously controlling the harm of apple pests is achieved.
In one embodiment of the invention, the method for attracting and breeding natural enemies to control apple pests by mixed grasses in an apple orchard is as follows:
1. first-year grass:
sowing alfalfa in artificial or machine sowing rows in 9-10 months in autumn of the first year between fruit tree rows, wherein each 667m of alfalfa is2Apple orchardSowing 0.5-1.0 kg of alfalfa seeds, sowing a small amount of hairy vetch in the open field between fruit trees and at the edge of an apple orchard, wherein each 667m of hairy vetch20.5-1.0 kg of seed of vetch is sowed in apple orchard.
The alfalfa and the vetch are sowed in autumn, so that the water and fertilizer competition of the naturally-occurring weeds in spring can be effectively avoided, and the germination rate and the emergence rate of seeds are improved.
2. Second-year grass:
in spring of the next year, timely reseeding is carried out according to the germination and emergence conditions of the alfalfa and the vetch, meanwhile, the natural grass seeds which compete strongly for rich water with fruit trees are artificially removed, grass seeds which have no lignified stems or can only form semi-lignified stems, are low in water and fertilizer consumption and wide in adaptability are left, the main types of natural weeds in the garden comprise calyx seu fructus physalis, green bristlegrass, large crabgrass, chickweed, gooseberries and the like, and the apple orchard mixed grass pattern of the alfalfa, the vetch and the natural weeds is formed in the apple growing season.
The apple trees are watered in good time in the growing season, the number of sprinkling irrigation watering times can be reduced when rainwater is rich, and the number of sprinkling irrigation watering times can be properly increased in drought high-temperature months, so that the soil humidity required for the growth of the alfalfa and the vetch can be maintained. And (3) timely mowing in a growing season, manually mowing the planted grass for 1-2 times all the year round, keeping the stubble height about 10cm, not mowing the autumn-sown grass seeds in the current year, carrying out conventional mowing management after the naturally grown grass seeds overwinter, timely mowing the naturally grown weeds according to the growth vigor for 2-3 times generally, and keeping the stubble height about 30 cm.
The flowering period of 4 months after the hair vetch is sowed in autumn, and the flowering period of 6 months after the alfalfa enters the flowering period, the flowering period of the plants in the mixed raw grass apple orchard of the natural weed, the alfalfa and the hair vetch is obviously longer than that of the natural raw grass apple orchard, long-term stable food can be provided for natural enemies in the apple orchard, and the natural enemies can be effectively attracted and bred, so that the purpose of controlling pests is achieved.
3. Growing grass in the third year:
on the basis of reserving alfalfa and vetch in the previous year of the apple orchard, maidenhair and marigold are artificially sown in 5 months in spring of the third year in a wider place between apple rows, and each 667m of the maidenhair and the vetch is used2Sowing 100-200 g of maidenhair and marigold seeds in the apple orchard respectively, and simultaneously keeping the seeds in the orchardThe apple orchard mixed grass pattern of natural weeds, alfalfa, vetch, malachite and marigold is formed in the apple growing season.
The flowering phases of the peaceful weeds and the marigold broadcast in 5 months are mostly concentrated in 8-10 months, the flowering phases of the alfalfa and the vetch are concentrated in 4-7 months, the mixed grassy pattern of the natural weeds, the alfalfa, the vetch, the malachite and the marigold can fully utilize the different flowering phases of the plants to attract and breed natural enemies in an orchard, long-term stable food and inhabitation places are provided for the natural enemies in the orchard, the types and the number of the natural enemies in the apple orchard are kept at a high level for a long time, and the purpose of continuously controlling the harm of the apple pests is achieved.
4. Growing grass in the fourth year and later:
in the fourth year and later spring, according to the actual grass growing situation of the apple orchard, timely broadcasting and supplementing, and artificially removing the natural weed species with large water and fertilizer consumption in the apple orchard, and maintaining the mixed grass growing pattern of natural weeds, alfalfa, vetch, malachite and marigold.
Orchard grass growing is a relatively advanced orchard soil management method, but due to the fact that the difference of the land conditions and the climate conditions of each fruit producing area is large, deep research on different regional adaptability and different grass species is lacked, and due to the influence of the traditional ideas of 'competing for fertilizer water with fruits', 'field cultivation', 'weeding out', and the like, the orchard grass growing cannot be well popularized and applied all the time. For orchard grass generation, the selection of grass species and the planning of grass generation modes are the most critical. The mixed grass growing mode of alfalfa, vetch, maidenhair, marigold and natural grass is provided for the first time, the reason is that the mixed grass growing mode can attract and breed natural enemies by utilizing different flowering phases of the plants, the flowering phase of the vetch is 4-6 months, the alfalfa is 6-7 months, the maidenhair is 8-9 months, and the marigold is 9-10 months, the occurrence time of pests in apple growing seasons is mainly 4-10 months, the mixed grass growing mode can ensure that the grass growing plants in apple growing seasons provide continuous stable food and habitat for the natural enemies, so that the types and the number of the natural enemies in the apple orchard are kept at a high level for a long time, and the purpose of continuously controlling the harm of the apple pests is achieved. The flowering period of the garden grass plants of the apple orchard in the mixed grass growing mode of the alfalfa, the hair vetch and the natural grass growing mode only lasts for 4-7 months, after 7 months, the growth vigor of the alfalfa and the hair vetch is gradually weakened, the natural grass grows gradually into dominant grass seeds, the garden grass seeds are mostly gramineous plants, therefore, the garden grass plants of the apple orchard in the mixed grass growing mode of the alfalfa, the hair vetch and the natural grass after 7 months cannot provide a continuous and stable honey source for natural enemies, and the garden natural enemies can be reduced to a certain extent due to the lack of the number of the honey sources.
The invention also selects the malachite and the marigold as the orchard grass seeds for the first time, the malachite and the marigold belong to ornamental plants, the flowering time is more than 8 months later, the flowers are bright in color, the natural enemies around the orchard can be attracted, the flowering period lasts for a long time, and food sources and habitation places can be provided for the natural enemies in the orchard. Meanwhile, the two plant cultivation management technologies of the maidenhair and the marigold are relatively simple, the survival rate is high, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is less, the growth process is relatively drought-resistant, the water and fertilizer consumption is less, the water and fertilizer cannot be vigorously contended with fruit trees, and the method is relatively suitable for large-area popularization and application of orchard grass generation.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present application more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
The test materials used in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention are conventional in the art and are commercially available.
Example 1:
the test of the influence of the mixed grass pattern of natural weeds, alfalfa and vetch on the number of pests and natural enemies in apple orchards is carried out in Yishui county in Shandong province and apple orchards of family farm Limited companies. And (3) setting a mixed grass growing area and a natural grass growing area for treatment, wherein each treatment comprises 15 rows of fruit trees in each test area, and each row of fruit trees is 80 m. Sowing alfalfa in 2016-month 10-month mixed grass growing area between fruit tree rows, wherein each 667m of alfalfa is sown2Sowing alfalfa seeds in apple orchard 05-1.0 kg, spreading a small amount of vetch between the fruit trees in open field and at the edge of apple orchard, each 667m20.5-1.0 kg of seed of vetch is sowed in the apple orchard, weeds in the orchard are artificially removed in the early stage, and naturally-occurring weeds with less water and fertilizer consumption in the orchard are reserved after 7 months. In the natural grass growing area, the natural weeds with large water and fertilizer consumption in the garden are artificially removed in spring, and only the weeds with small water and fertilizer consumption, such as crabgrass, green bristlegrass, quinoa, starwort and the like, are reserved. And in 2017, occurrence dynamics of pests and natural enemies on apple trees and grass in different grass mode test areas are systematically investigated in 4-10 months, a visual observation method is adopted for investigating the pests and the natural enemies on the apple trees, and a net sweeping investigation method is adopted for investigating the natural enemies on the grass.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the mixed grass-growing area of the natural enemy number on the apple tree and the grass-growing area is significantly higher than the natural grass-growing area. The number of natural enemies on the apple trees is 2.05 per branch at the maximum occurrence amount of the mixed grass growing area, 0.90 per branch at the average occurrence amount, 1.7 per branch at the maximum occurrence amount of the natural grass growing area and 0.54 per branch at the average occurrence amount. The number of natural enemies on the grass is 23.2 per net in the maximum occurrence amount of the mixed grass area, which is 1.47 times of that of the natural grass area, and the average occurrence amount of the natural enemies in the mixed grass area is 18.3 per net, which is 1.61 times of that of the natural grass area. Therefore, the mixed weed pattern of the natural weeds, the alfalfa and the vetch can effectively attract and breed natural enemies.
As shown in FIG. 3, the number of pests on apple trees is significantly less in the mixed grassed area than in the natural grassed area. The maximum occurrence amount of pests is 54.35 per branch in the mixed grass growing area and 112.10 per branch in the natural grass growing area. The average pest occurrence rate is 9.99 per branch in alfalfa planting area and 21.18 per branch in natural grass growing area. Therefore, the mixed weed pattern of the natural weeds, the alfalfa and the vetch can effectively control the occurrence and damage of pests.
As shown in FIG. 4, the orchard benefit-pest ratio in the two test areas in the investigation period is obviously higher than the biological control effective benefit-pest ratio of 1: 25-30, which shows that the natural enemies of the grassy orchard can effectively inhibit the occurrence and harm of pests. After 5 months and 15 days of full-garden spraying of the beta-cypermethrin, the number of natural enemies in the garden is reduced, the number of aphids is large, the benefit-to-pest ratio of the orchard is obviously reduced, and the benefit-to-pest ratio of the orchard is maintained at a high level in other investigation time. The benefit-pest ratio of the mixed grass growing area is obviously larger than that of the natural grass growing area during investigation, so that the mixed grass pattern of the natural weeds, the alfalfa and the vetch can effectively attract and breed natural enemies, and the purpose of continuously controlling pests is achieved.
According to the investigation result, the main natural enemies on the apple trees in the alfalfa and hair vetch mixed grass area and the natural grass area are chrysopa sinica, propylaea japonica and harmonia axyridis, and the main natural enemies on the grass are parasitic wasps, aphid flies, propylaea japonica, harmonia axyridis and chrysopa sinica. FIGS. 5 and 6 show the occurrence dynamics of the main natural enemies on apple trees and grass in different grass mode test areas in Yishui, Shandong, respectively, and the occurrence number of each natural enemy in the mixed grass area is basically higher than that of the natural enemies in the natural grass area in the same investigation period. The three main natural enemies on the apple tree are reduced in quantity to different degrees due to the fact that the beta-cypermethrin is sprayed on the whole garden in 15 days in 5 months, the quantity of the propylaea japonica and the propylaea japonica is reduced to a certain extent, the green lacewing is slightly increased, the amplification is small, the three natural enemies in the first 6 months all reach the annual peak, the quantity is gradually reduced later, and the quantity of the green lacewings in the mixed grass growing area is increased in the second 7 days. The natural enemies on the grass are the most, the number of parasitic wasps and aphid-eating flies is the largest, the number of the propylaea japonica, the number of the isochorina chinensis and the chrysopa sinica are relatively small, and after 5-month and 15-day spraying of the high-efficiency cypermethrin, the number of the propylaea japonica and the isochorina chinensis in the grass growing area is obviously reduced. Parasitic bees reach a peak in the last 5 th month, and then gradually decrease in number, and increase in number in the last 9 th month. The aphid flies reached the peak in the middle of 6 months, after which the number gradually decreased. The quantity of the propylaea japonica, the harmonia axyridis and the lacewing chrysopidae is maintained at a higher level in the late 6-7 months and then gradually reduced.
According to investigation, main pests in the mixed grass-growing area and the natural grass-growing area are spiraea ulmaria, leaf rollers, diamond back moths and leaf eating caterpillars, wherein the spiraea ulmaria occurs in the largest quantity and is most seriously harmful. FIG. 7 shows that the dynamic Aphis citricola in the main pest species on apple trees in different grassy test areas in Yishui, Shandong, reaches the annual peak in late 5 th decade, and the occurrence amount in the natural grassy area is 111.7 per branch, which is 2.06 times of that in the mixed grassy area, and then the number is gradually reduced. The peak of the leafroller moths reaches the peak in the last 9 th month, and the amount of the grass growing areas in nature is 1.75 heads per branch and is 2.26 times of that of the mixed grass growing areas. The maximum occurrence amount of the golden moths in the natural grassing area is 0.65 head per branch in the late 7 th ten days, and the quantity of the golden moths in the mixed grassing area is always maintained at a lower quantity level. The leaf eating caterpillars reached the peak in late 7 months, at this time, the natural grass growing area was 0.9 per branch, which was 1.2 times of the mixed grass growing area, and then the number was gradually smaller.
Example 2:
the test of the effect of the mixed grass mode of alfalfa, vetch seed, malachite grass, marigold and natural grass seeds on the number of apple pests and natural enemies is carried out in an apple orchard of Chouguo fruit agriculture development limited company in Fumon city, Shandong province. Artificially planting 2 rows of alfalfa in 2016 every 10 months in fruit tree rows, each 667m20.5-1.0 kg of alfalfa seeds are sown in the apple orchard, and a small amount of hairy vetch is sown among fruit tree plants, wherein each 667m of hairy vetch seeds2Sowing alfalfa seeds 0.5-1.0 kg in apple orchard, and manually sowing maidenhair and marigold in the wider part between apple rows in 2017 in 5 months, wherein each 667m2Sowing 100-200 g of peacock grass and marigold seeds in an apple orchard respectively, simultaneously reserving natural grass seeds such as bindweed, green bristlegrass, large crabgrass, chickweed, goosefoots and the like with less water and fertilizer consumption in the apple orchard, and reserving natural grass with less water and fertilizer consumption in the apple orchard by the apple orchard mixed grass pattern of natural weeds, alfalfa, vetch seeds, peacock grass and marigold in the apple growing season to form a mixed grass area; the natural grass growing area was used as a control. No insecticide and acaricide is sprayed in apple growing season. And (3) systematically investigating the occurrence dynamics of pests and natural enemies of the pests and the natural enemies on the apple trees and the grassy areas in different grassy mode test areas of the Shandong Qufu in 2017 in 4-10 months, adopting a visual observation method for investigating the pests and the natural enemies on the apple trees, and adopting a net sweeping investigation method for investigating the natural enemies in the grassy areas.
As shown in fig. 8 and 9, the numbers of natural enemies on the apple trees and the grass in the mixed grass growing area are higher than those in the natural grass growing area. The number of natural enemies on the apple trees is 8.85 per branch of the maximum occurrence amount of the mixed grass growing area, which is 1.40 times of that of the natural grass growing area, and the average occurrence amount of the natural enemies on the apple trees in the mixed grass growing area is 2.53 per branch, which is 1.49 times of that of the natural grass growing area. The number of natural enemies on the grass is 32.8 per net of the maximum generation amount of the mixed grass generation area, which is 1.37 times of that of the natural grass generation area, and the average generation amount is 18.38 per net, which is 1.61 times of that of the natural grass generation area. Therefore, the mixed grass growing mode of the alfalfa, the hairy vetch and the natural grass is beneficial to attracting and breeding natural enemies in the apple orchard.
As shown in FIG. 10, the number of pests on apple trees in the mixed grassing zone was significantly less than that in the natural grassing zone. The maximum occurrence amount of pests in the natural grass growing area is 252.50 per branch, which is 1.85 times of that in the mixed grass growing area, and the average occurrence amount is 47.11 per branch, which is 2.54 times of that in the mixed grass growing area. Therefore, the mixed grass mode of alfalfa, vetch and natural grass can effectively reduce the occurrence and harm of pests in the apple orchard.
As shown in FIG. 11, the orchard benefit-pest ratio in both test areas during the investigation period is significantly higher than the biological control effective benefit-pest ratio of 1: 25-30, which indicates that the natural enemies of the grassy apple orchard can effectively inhibit the occurrence and harm of pests. In late 5 months, the aphids in the garden reach the peak of the first occurrence, at the moment, the mixed grassing area is relatively small, and then the benefit-to-pest ratio is remarkably increased and maintained at a high quantity level along with the increase of the quantity of natural enemies in the garden. And when 8 in the middle ten days of the month, the number of aphids in the garden reaches the peak of the second occurrence, and the benefit-pest ratio of the mixed grass growing area is obviously higher than that of the natural grass growing area. The orchard benefit-harm ratio is maintained at a higher level in the rest investigation time. The benefit-pest ratio of the mixed grass growing area is obviously larger than that of the natural grass growing area during investigation, so that the apple orchard mixed grass mode of alfalfa, vetch seed and natural grass seed can attract and breed natural enemies more effectively, and the purpose of continuously controlling pests is achieved.
According to the investigation result, the main natural enemy species on the apple trees in the mixed grass-growing area and the natural grass-growing area are harmonia axyridis, propylaea japonica and Chinese green lacewing, the main natural enemy species on the grass-growing area are parasitic wasps, propylaea japonica, aphid flies, harmonia axyridis and Chinese green lacewing, and fig. 12 and 13 are the occurrence dynamics of the main natural enemy species on the apple trees in the different grass mode test areas of the Shandong Qufu and the grass-growing area respectively. The harmonia axyridis and the propylaea japonica on the apple trees reach the peak in the last 5 to 6 months, and then the quantity is gradually reduced. The natural enemies on the grasses, the number of parasitic wasps and aphid eating flies is the largest, the numbers of the semiaquilegia and the heterodera sinensis are the next, the number of the chrysopa sinensis is the smallest, the numbers of the five natural enemies are maintained at a higher number level in the last ten days of 5 months to 7 months, and then are gradually reduced.
According to the investigation, the main pest species on the apple tree are spiraea ulmaria and the golden moth, wherein the main pest species on the apple tree are the largest in occurrence quantity and the most serious in harm, fig. 14 shows the occurrence dynamics of the main pest species on the apple tree in different grass mode test areas of Shandong Qufuu, the spiraea ulmaria has two occurrence peaks all year round, namely the late 5 month and the middle 8 month, and the occurrence quantity of the natural grass growing area when the occurrence peaks is reached is 252.5 heads and 102 heads per branch, which are 1.85 times and 3.40 times of the mixed grass growing area respectively. The top of the first emergence peak of the golden silk moth in late 7 months, the emergence amount of the natural grass growing area is 1.03 heads per branch and is 1.51 times of that of the mixed grass growing area, the quantity is gradually reduced, and after 10 months, the emergence amount of the golden silk moth is increased due to the emergence of the overwintering generation insect sources.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (5)
1. A method for preventing apple pests by attracting and breeding natural enemies through mixed grasses in apple orchards in Shandong areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) in autumn of the first year, alfalfa is sown among rows of fruit trees, and hairy vetch is sown in open land among fruit trees and at the edge of an apple orchard;
(2) in spring of the second year, reseeding is carried out according to the germination and seedling emergence conditions of the alfalfa and the vetch; meanwhile, wild grass seeds which compete strongly for fertilizer water with fruit trees are removed, and natural grass seeds which consume less water and fertilizer in the garden are reserved; the apple growing season forms an apple orchard mixed grass pattern of mixing alfalfa and vetch on the basis of natural grass generation;
(3) in spring of the third year, on the basis of keeping alfalfa and vetch, sown maidenhair and marigold in the wide part between the apple rows, and meanwhile, keep the natural grass seeds with less water and fertilizer consumption in the garden; in the apple growing season, a mixed grass pattern of natural weeds, alfalfa, vetch, malachite and marigold is formed in the apple orchard;
(4) in the fourth year and later, according to the actual grass growing situation of the orchard, the sowing and supplementing are carried out, and the apple orchard mixed grass growing pattern of natural weeds, alfalfa, vetch, malachite grass and marigold is maintained;
in the step (1), alfalfa and hair vetch are sown in 9-10 months in autumn of the first year;
in the step (1), the sowing amount of the alfalfa is as follows: each 667m2Sowing 0.5-1.0 kg of alfalfa seeds in the apple orchard; the sowing quantity of the sweet potato seeds is as follows: each 667m20.5-1.0 kg of seed of vetch is sowed in the apple orchard;
in the step (2) and the step (3), the natural grass seeds with less water and fertilizer consumption comprise: herba Boschniakiae Rossicae, herba Setariae viridis, rhizoma et radix Thalictri, herba Stellariae mediae and fructus Chenopodii Tribuli;
in the step (3), the maidenhair and the marigold are sown in 5-6 months in spring of the third year; the sowing amount of the maidenhair and the marigold is as follows: each 667m2100-200 g of maidenhair and marigold seeds are sown in the apple orchard.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the alfalfa is sown manually or by machine.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: watering in the growing season of the apples in due time; and (4) timely mowing the artificial grass and the natural grass.
4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the artificial grass seeds are mown 1-2 times all year round, the height of the remained stubbles is 8-12cm, and the grass seeds planted in autumn are not mown in the current year; naturally growing grass is mowed for 2-3 times, and the height of the remaining stubble is 25-35 cm.
5. Use of the method of any one of claims 1-4 for apple pest control in dwarf close-planted apple orchards and/or in vigorous orchards.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810588687.3A CN108934677B (en) | 2018-06-08 | 2018-06-08 | Method for preventing apple pests by attracting and breeding natural enemies through mixed grasses in apple orchard |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810588687.3A CN108934677B (en) | 2018-06-08 | 2018-06-08 | Method for preventing apple pests by attracting and breeding natural enemies through mixed grasses in apple orchard |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108934677A CN108934677A (en) | 2018-12-07 |
| CN108934677B true CN108934677B (en) | 2021-01-29 |
Family
ID=64493548
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810588687.3A Expired - Fee Related CN108934677B (en) | 2018-06-08 | 2018-06-08 | Method for preventing apple pests by attracting and breeding natural enemies through mixed grasses in apple orchard |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108934677B (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110896773A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-03-24 | 王静 | Pollution-free prevention and control method for diseases and pests of apple trees |
| CN111226680A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-06-05 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所 | Flower and plant combination for increasing, controlling pests and promoting yield of kiwi fruit orchard and application |
| CN111201942A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-05-29 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所 | Flower and plant combination for increasing natural enemies in mulberry field to control pests and application |
| CN111201940A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-05-29 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所 | Flower and plant combination for promoting growth, pest control and yield promotion in apple orchard and application |
| CN111201950A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-05-29 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所 | Flower and grass composition for conserving natural enemies and preventing and controlling vegetable chewing pests and application |
| CN111201951A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-05-29 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所 | Flower and plant combination for conserving beneficial insects, preventing and controlling vegetable piercing-sucking pests and application |
| CN111201941A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-05-29 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所 | Flower and plant combination for increasing natural enemies in young tea garden to control pests and application |
| CN111406562B (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2022-08-02 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Method for ecologically controlling orchard pests |
| CN112042449A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-12-08 | 山西农业大学 | Method for controlling aphids in apple orchard based on Chinese rice lacewing |
| CN112021052A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-12-04 | 山西农业大学 | Method for preventing and controlling fruit tree hawthorn leaf mites based on combination of chemical pesticide and Chinese green lacewing |
| CN112262706A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-01-26 | 咸阳职业技术学院 | Method for preventing apple pests by attracting and breeding natural enemies through mixed grasses in apple orchard |
| CN112586266B (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2023-05-02 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Pesticide application-reducing and efficiency-increasing method suitable for vineyard |
| CN113170703A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-07-27 | 河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所 | Method for establishing artificial grazing grassland suitable for dry farming rain-farming areas of Huang-Huai-Hai |
| CN115399180B (en) * | 2022-08-24 | 2023-11-10 | 山东农业工程学院 | Method for preventing and controlling peach aphids by using ladybug |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1321562C (en) * | 2005-01-26 | 2007-06-20 | 北京市农林科学院 | Biological control method for orchard ecology |
| CN103814742B (en) * | 2014-03-10 | 2016-04-13 | 北京农学院 | The method of organic orchard mixing intercropping plant |
| CN104756804A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-07-08 | 王芝云 | Method for preventing and controlling peach fruit moths in apples by means of desinsectization plants |
| CN106358936B (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2020-03-20 | 福建农林大学 | Tea-alfalfa-cassia tora-pyrethrum stereoscopic planting method |
| CN106386358A (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2017-02-15 | 钟山佳园生态农业有限公司 | A method for control of citrus reticulata blanco var. gonggan orchard diseases and pests |
| CN107580927A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2018-01-16 | 荔浦县万家兴果蔬专业合作社 | A kind of pest control method of citrus |
-
2018
- 2018-06-08 CN CN201810588687.3A patent/CN108934677B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN108934677A (en) | 2018-12-07 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN108934677B (en) | Method for preventing apple pests by attracting and breeding natural enemies through mixed grasses in apple orchard | |
| CN103155775B (en) | Cultivation method of organic broomcorn for making wine | |
| CN103875500B (en) | The fragrant sweetened carambola implantation methods of a kind of switch | |
| CN106900461B (en) | Bionic compound operation method of vine tea, woody oil crops and mountain rice | |
| CN102986437A (en) | Method for cultivating radix zanthoxyli artificially | |
| CN106613616A (en) | Green tea planting method | |
| CN105594441A (en) | Cultivation method of overwintering strawberry | |
| CN104025836A (en) | Method for planting aralia elata seem | |
| CN102349410A (en) | Cultivation method for interplanting alfalfa under peach tree | |
| CN108668754A (en) | A kind of tealeaves, passion fruit stereo cultivating method | |
| CN103125248B (en) | Cultivation method of organic ginseng | |
| CN103190265A (en) | Planting method of horse chestnut | |
| CN103371048B (en) | Method for cultivating environment-friendly and pollution-free leaf radishes | |
| CN109757276B (en) | Planting method | |
| CN102090242A (en) | Method for cultivating pickpurse | |
| CN110651674A (en) | Greenhouse chayote sprout, garlic sprout and bitter gourd interplanting method | |
| CN105875322A (en) | Tea tree nutrient pot clonal rapid propagation method | |
| CN105532346A (en) | Toonasinensis(A.Juss.)Roem bud-timber dual-purpose cultivation method | |
| CN104160856A (en) | Cultivation method for increasing cut-flower amount and seed production amount of collard | |
| CN107278564A (en) | Organic bright red mandarin orange and the method for pea spacing sleeve cropping | |
| CN104541910B (en) | A kind of associating high yield interplanting method of medical material | |
| CN112136613A (en) | Watermelon cultivation management method suitable for four-connected-greenhouse in smoke area | |
| CN111264280A (en) | Planting method of Xinhui oranges | |
| CN108293710B (en) | Open field cultivation method for organic cabbage mustard seedlings | |
| CN110692458A (en) | Cultivation method of ginseng fruit |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20210129 |
|
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |