CN111201942A - Flower and plant combination for increasing natural enemies in mulberry field to control pests and application - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a flower and grass combination for increasing natural enemies in mulberry field and controlling pests and application thereof. The flower and plant combination disclosed by the invention covers 7 10 kinds of herbs in the family, the plant types are various, the vitality is strong, the management and the protection are simple, and the collocation of the plant morphological structure and the ecological function is scientific and reasonable. The flower and plant combination is used for constructing an artificial plant buffer zone in a mulberry field, can inhibit the growth of malignant weeds, reconstruct a microminiature animal habitat and breeding land in the mulberry field, increase the species and the individual number of biological species, nourish multiple natural enemies, avoid pests from being far away from the mulberry field or release natural enemies to actively prey and parasitize mulberry pests, continuously control the pests in each stage of the mulberry field, realize the non-application and the less-application of intensive mulberry field herbicides and insecticides, support the green, efficient and sustainable development of mulberry planting industry, ensure the quality safety of mulberry fruits or silkworm feeds, and beautify the production of the mulberry field and the rural residential environment.

Description

Flower and plant combination for increasing natural enemies in mulberry field to control pests and application

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of farmland ecological enhancement, and relates to a flower and grass combination for increasing natural enemies in mulberry field to control pests and an application thereof.

Background

The mulberry leaves are silkworm feed, the wood can be used as a utensil, the branches can be woven into baskets, the mulberry bark can be used as a paper making raw material, the mulberry can be used for eating and brewing wine, and the leaves, fruits and root bark can be used as medicines, so that the mulberry leaves are important economic forest trees. The mulberry is originally produced in China, provinces from northeast to southwest, and the China from northwest to Xinjiang, and the China from northeast Asia, middle Asia, south Asia and Europe also have cultivation. The main pests in the mulberry field include mulberry caterpillars, weevils and thrips, and the mulberry leaves are reduced by 30-40% all the year round. The mulberry varieties with insect resistance are lacked, and the agricultural measures for preventing and controlling mulberry pests are time-consuming and labor-consuming. The research on the control of the artificial natural enemies of the mulberry pests is very few, and the natural enemies which are thrown manually in a limited way are difficult to colonize and continue to exert the effect due to the damage of the habitat and breeding land. Chemical control is still the main insect prevention means of intensive mulberry gardens, but serious negative ecological environment problems such as environmental pollution, natural enemy killing, induction of pest drug resistance and the like remind people to adopt chemical control carefully. A large number of natural enemies exist in the nature, such as spiders, mantises, ladybugs, parasitic flies, aphid-eating flies and the like, have the effects of inhibiting and killing eggs, larvae/nymphs and adults of mulberry pests, and can continuously control mulberry pest populations to prevent outbreaks and disasters. Due to over emphasis on production function, the intensive mulberry field has single planting variety, so-called weeds in the field are almost completely removed, the natural enemies are deteriorated and even lost in living and reproduction, the variety and the number of the natural enemies are reduced, and the natural joint control effect of the natural enemy group on pests is damaged.

Agricultural biodiversity is a material basis for sustainable development of agricultural industry and ecological environment, and is a core factor for maintaining the balance of agricultural ecological systems. Due to the variety of agricultural organisms, including numerous natural enemies and a large number of neutral insects, non-agricultural plant buffer zones (such as hedges, weed zones, wildflower zones, etc.) are considered as one of the important ecological facilities of the agricultural ecosystem, and have been proved to have comprehensive ecological functions of increasing beneficial insects, controlling pests and reducing chemicals in the main grain field. The natural plant buffer zone is the result of natural succession, maintains the germplasm resources of agricultural organisms, but the vegetation of the natural plant buffer zone is mixed, malignant weeds and pests overwintering/summer hosts are not lacked, and the function of the natural plant buffer zone for serving the production of agricultural and forestry crops is not good enough. The method has the advantages that the natural biodiversity is conserved, natural enemy groups are increased in a targeted mode to control main pests of crops, and the design and reconstruction of the plant buffer zone are a feasible way for supporting the green, efficient and sustainable development of intensive agriculture. Aiming at the production requirement and the planting environment of specific crops, functional plants are scientifically screened and reasonably matched, the composite ecological function of plant combination is exerted, and the structure optimization and function enhancement of a farmland ecosystem are realized. The plant species and the proportion are the key to the success of the design and reconstruction of the plant buffer zone, and the plant species and the proportion of the artificial plant buffer zone need to be researched, developed and applied according to the time and the place.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a flower and grass combination for controlling pests by adding natural enemies to a mulberry field so as to fill up the technical blank existing in the construction of artificial plant buffer zones in intensive mulberry fields.

The invention also aims to provide application of the flower and grass combination in construction of artificial plant buffer zones in intensive mulberry gardens.

The above purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a flower and grass composition for increasing natural enemies to control pests in a mulberry field comprises, by mass, 30-50% of grassy herbs, 15-25% of leguminous herbs, 5-15% of compositae herbs, 3-7% of Umbelliferae herbs, 3-7% of Cruciferae herbs, 3-7% of Labiatae herbs and 3-7% of Boraginaceae herbs.

Preferably, the gramineae plant species are perennial festuca arundinacea and green bristlegrass, and the mass ratio of the seeds is respectively 35% and 10%.

Preferably, the leguminous plant species are perennial red clover and annual mung bean, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 15% and 10%, respectively.

Preferably, the compositae plant species are perennial okra and chamomile, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 5% and 5% respectively.

Preferably, the Umbelliferae plant species is perennial caraway, and the seed mass ratio is 5%.

Preferably, the cruciferous plant is a two-year-old winter rape, and the mass percentage of seeds is 5%.

Preferably, the labiatae plant is annual sage, and the seed mass ratio is 5%.

Preferably, the Boraginaceae plant is annual borage, and the seed mass accounts for 5%.

The application of the flower and grass combination in the construction of the artificial plant buffer zone in the mulberry field comprises the following steps:

1) preparing soil, ploughing and harrowing strip-shaped land among mulberry rows for later use;

2) sowing, wherein the two-year perennial plant grass seeds are uniformly mixed according to the optimal proportion, and are sowed in autumn in the first year and are sowed in spring in the second year in a row;

3) and (4) maintaining, watering and weeding at irregular intervals, and ensuring that various sowed plants in the plant buffer zone grow well.

Preferably, the edges of the remaining strips are 20cm away from the base of the mulberry stem when the soil is prepared in the step 1).

Preferably, step 2) sowing, sowing the perennial plants mixed grass seeds for two years by hand, sowing the grass seeds with the weight of 10 g per square meter, sowing the reserved grass seeds in a subsection manner in a reserved grass land area, weighing the grass seeds required by each section separately, uniformly sowing the grass seeds twice in each section, covering soil for 1cm after sowing, and compacting the soil by a rolling machine; annual plant grass seeds are mixed and then sowed in a row width of 25 cm.

Preferably, during maintenance in the step 3), the soil is fully wetted within 3-4 weeks after sowing, and water is manually supplemented by about 1cm per week under the drought condition; once malignant weeds (such as dodder, humulus scandens, bermuda grass, etc.) can be identified, they are immediately removed manually or mechanically.

The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

the flower and plant combination disclosed by the invention covers 7 10 kinds of herbs in the family, the plant types are various, the vitality is strong, the management and the protection are simple, and the collocation of the plant morphological structure and the ecological function is scientific and reasonable. The flower and plant combination is used for constructing an artificial plant buffer zone in a mulberry field, can inhibit the growth of malignant weeds, reconstruct a microminiature animal habitat and breeding land in the mulberry field, increase the species and the individual number of biological species, nourish multiple natural enemies, avoid pests from being far away from the mulberry field or release natural enemies to actively prey and parasitize mulberry pests, continuously control the pests in each stage of the mulberry field, realize the intensive application of a herbicide and an insecticide in the mulberry field, support the green, efficient and sustainable development of the mulberry field, ensure the quality safety of mulberry fruits or silkworm feed products, and beautify the production environment of the mulberry field.

Detailed Description

For better understanding of the essence of the invention, the technical contents of the invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but the contents of the invention are not limited thereto and thus should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

Example 1: preferred combinations of flowers and plants

The preferable flower and grass combination plant species comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 35% of tall fescue of Gramineae, 10% of green bristlegrass, 15% of red clover of Leguminosae, 10% of mung bean, 5% of autumn nightshade of Compositae, 5% of chamomile, 5% of caraway of Umbelliferae, 5% of winter rape of Brassicaceae, 5% of salvia of Labiatae and 5% of borage of Boraginaceae.

Example 2: conservation and regulation of artificial plant buffer zone to mulberry field organism

Three test points are selected in an intensive mulberry tree continuous planting area in Shaanxi, and the spacing distance of the test points is more than 1 kilometer. Each test point is provided with a treatment plot and a comparison plot in pairs, and the spacing distance between the two plots is more than 2 hundred meters. The treated plots refer to mulberry fields in which plant buffer zones are constructed between mulberry rows using preferred combinations of flowers and plants, the control plots refer to mulberry fields that are normally managed intensively, and the use of herbicides and insecticides is prohibited in the treated plots. In four growing seasons of mulberry one year, collecting arthropod specimens of sample plots by comprehensively utilizing a mechanical insect sucking device and a ground trap, identifying the types of the arthropods, and counting the number of various types. In the investigation, the trematode points and the traps are distributed uniformly, the trematode time of each time is fixed to be 1 minute, and the same number of investigation sample points of the processed plot and the comparison plot is ensured. 16 traps were placed for each treatment and control, the trap sites being simultaneously trematode sites. In the growing season of the mulberry, selecting 5 lines of mulberry by processing and contrasting each plot, investigating 5 mulberry lines in each line, investigating 25 mulberry lines in total, investigating the quantity of branch insects by using the caterpillars of the mulberry and the weevils of the mulberry, and taking the plants as units; the leaf worm amount was investigated by thrips, in units of twigs.

TABLE 1 investigation of arthropod, natural enemy and Mulberry Pest occurrence

Note: the data in the table are the average of 3 replicates.

The plant combination has rich varieties, is suitable for local climate and high-low matching, and the vegetation of the buffer zone can be kept luxuriant for a long time in one year. As a result, as shown in Table 1, after constructing the artificial plant bumper zone in the mulberry field with the preferred combination of flowers and plants, arthropods were significantly protected in various species and number in spring festival and winter; in summer, due to summer felling of the mulberry, the diversity of the arthropods in the mulberry field is seriously influenced, and the artificial plant buffer zone for treating the mulberry field as a shelter greatly protects the arthropods. At each stage of mulberry growth, natural enemies (such as spiders, mantises, ladybugs, parasitoids, aphids flies and the like) kept by the artificial plant buffer zone have obvious suppression effect on the populations of the mulworms, the weevils and the thrips in the treated plots. In the period of high incidence of the mulworms, namely the spring silkworm period, the inhibition rate of the artificial plant buffer zone construction on the occurrence of the mulworms is 88.9 percent; in the period of high emergence of the weevil, namely the silkworm summer period, the inhibition rate of the artificial plant buffer zone construction on the occurrence of the mulberry caterpillars is 84.6 percent; in the period from the high-incidence period of the thrips mori to the autumn rearing period, the inhibition rate of the artificial plant buffer zone construction on the generation of the mulberry caterpillars is 90.5 percent. The comprehensive results show that the construction of the artificial plant buffer zone preserves arthropods in the mulberry field, and various natural enemies preserved effectively control main pests of the mulberry field, such as the mulworms, the weevils and the thrips, and avoid or reduce the use of chemical insecticides.

Claims (2)

1. The flower and grass composition for increasing natural enemies in mulberry gardens and controlling pests and the application are characterized in that the flower and grass composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-50% of gramineous herbs, 15-25% of leguminous herbs, 5-15% of compositae herbs, 3-7% of umbelliferae herbs, 3-7% of cruciferous herbs, 3-7% of labiatae herbs and 3-7% of alkannaceae herbs;

preferably, the gramineae plant species are perennial festuca arundinacea and green bristlegrass, and the mass ratio of the seeds is respectively 35% and 10%;

preferably, the leguminous plant species are perennial red clover and annual mung bean, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 15% and 10% respectively;

preferably, the compositae plant species are perennial okra and chamomile, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 5% and 5% respectively;

preferably, the Umbelliferae plant species is perennial caraway, and the mass percentage of seeds is 5%;

preferably, the cruciferous plant is a two-year-old winter rape, and the mass percentage of seeds is 5%;

preferably, the labiatae plant is annual sage, and the mass percentage of the seeds is 5%;

preferably, the Boraginaceae plant is annual borage, and the seed mass accounts for 5%.

2. The application of the flower and grass combination as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preferred flower and grass combination is suitable for constructing an artificial plant buffer zone in a mulberry field, and can achieve the effect of increasing the control of natural enemies.