CN112262706A - Method for preventing apple pests by attracting and breeding natural enemies through mixed grasses in apple orchard - Google Patents
Method for preventing apple pests by attracting and breeding natural enemies through mixed grasses in apple orchard Download PDFInfo
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- CN112262706A CN112262706A CN202011216954.8A CN202011216954A CN112262706A CN 112262706 A CN112262706 A CN 112262706A CN 202011216954 A CN202011216954 A CN 202011216954A CN 112262706 A CN112262706 A CN 112262706A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of orchard pest control, in particular to a method for controlling apple pests by attracting and breeding natural enemies through mixed grasses in an apple orchard, which comprises the following steps: sowing alfalfa among the rows of the fruit trees in autumn of the first year, sowing cogongrass and sesbania among the open lands of the fruit trees at intervals, and sowing the cogongrass at the edge of the apple orchard; in spring of the second year, reseeding is carried out according to the germination and seedling emergence conditions of the alfalfa, the cogongrass grass and the sesbania; in spring of the third year, moonflower is sown between the edge of the apple orchard and the fruit tree group on the basis of keeping alfalfa, cogongrass and sesbania, and meanwhile, natural grass seeds with less water and fertilizer consumption in the apple orchard are kept, so that the apple orchard mixed grass layout with natural grass, alfalfa, cogongrass, sesbania and moonflower is formed. The invention can keep the variety and the number of natural enemies in the apple orchard at a higher level for a long time, thereby achieving the purpose of continuously controlling the harm of apple pests.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of orchard pest control, in particular to a method for controlling apple pests by attracting and breeding natural enemies through mixed grasses in an apple orchard.
Background
The harm of diseases and pests is an important factor for restricting the high-quality production of apples in China. At present, the prevention and control of apple diseases and pests are mainly chemical prevention and control, a large amount of chemical pesticides are needed to be used every year, so that the problems of drug resistance of various (class) pests, reduction of prevention and control effects, over-standard apple pesticide residue and the like are easily caused, meanwhile, natural enemies in an orchard are also seriously killed, and the control effect of the natural enemies on the pests is reduced.
The orchard grass growing is an advanced orchard soil management mode for growing grass in the whole orchard or between rows and covering the soil in the orchard, according to survey display, after the orchard grass growing, the occurrence types and the number of main pests and natural enemies thereof in the orchard are obviously changed, the harm degree of partial pests is reduced, or the occurrence time is delayed, so that the control difficulty is reduced; meanwhile, the variety and the number of the natural enemies in the garden are increased, the occurrence peak is advanced, the occurrence period is prolonged, and the grass growing in the garden can also protect the natural enemies from being influenced by adverse conditions such as natural disasters, so that the natural enemies can more effectively control the occurrence and damage of the apple pests.
Orchard grass growing is mainly divided into two modes of natural grass growing and artificial grass planting. The natural grasses have the advantages of low cost, labor saving and labor saving in management, rich plant communities, strong grass variety adaptability, good stability and the like, but the natural grasses are mostly gramineous plants, have short flowering phase and are difficult to meet the requirements of natural enemies of orchards on honey sources; and natural grass is of various types, can be doped with some malignant weeds, needs to be removed in time, and is slightly fussy to manage. Compared with natural grass, artificial grass planting has the advantages of strong pertinence, artificial control and the like. However, the artificial grass planting in China is difficult to popularize and apply on a large scale because deep research aiming at different grass varieties and different region adaptability is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the occurrence rule and characteristics of apple pests, the invention provides a method for controlling the apple pests by attracting and breeding natural enemies through mixed grasses in an apple orchard.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for attracting and breeding natural enemies to control apple pests by mixed grasses in apple orchards comprises the following steps:
s1, sowing alfalfa among rows of fruit trees in autumn of the first year, sowing cogongrass and sesbania among open lands of fruit trees at intervals, and sowing the cogongrass at the edge of an apple orchard;
s2, in spring of the second year, reseeding according to the germination and seedling emergence conditions of the alfalfa, the cogongrass grass and the sesbania;
s3, sowing moonflower between the edge of the apple orchard and a fruit tree group in spring of the third year on the basis of keeping alfalfa, mouse couch grass and sesbania, and keeping naturally-grown grass seeds with less water and fertilizer consumption in the apple orchard simultaneously to form a mixed grass growing pattern of naturally-grown grass, alfalfa, mouse couch grass, sesbania and moonflower in the apple orchard;
and S4, in the fourth year and later, adjusting the density of the alfalfa, the cogongrass, the sesbania and the natural grassy according to the distribution situation of the natural enemies and the pests, and maintaining the mixed grassy pattern of the natural grassy, the alfalfa, the cogongrass, the sesbania and the moonflower in the apple orchard.
Further, in the step S1, the number of pulses per 667m2The sowing amount of the alfalfa is 1.0-2.0 kg, and each 667m2The seeding rate of the mouse couch grass and the sesbania is 0.5-1.0 kg.
Further, in the step S3, the number of pulses per 667m2The seeding amount of the moonlight flowers is 0.25-0.5 kg.
Further, only alfalfa, cogongrass, and sesbania were retained from the first autumn to the second spring.
Furthermore, the artificial grass seeds are mowed for 1-2 times all year round, the stubble height is 8-10 cm, and the grass seeds sowed in autumn are not mowed in the current year; naturally growing grass is mown for 2-3 times, and the height of the remaining stubble is 10-20 cm.
Furthermore, at least one row of the mouse couch grass and one row of the sesbania are sown among the fruit tree plants.
Further, in step S4, when the number of enemies is higher than the number of pests, the mowing operation of the natural grass, the alfalfa, the cogongrass and the sesbania is required, the mowing operation is performed in a manner of the distribution density of the rare natural grass, the alfalfa, the cogongrass and the sesbania, and the mowed natural grass, the alfalfa, the cogongrass and the sesbania are used as green manure.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
aiming at the occurrence law and characteristics of apple pests, a mixed weed mode combining artificial grass planting and natural weed planting is formed in an apple orchard by artificially planting partial grass seeds, natural enemies are attracted and bred by utilizing different flowering phases of the grass seeds, food and habitat are provided for the natural enemies, the types and the number of the natural enemies in the apple orchard are kept at a high level for a long time, the purpose of continuously controlling the harm of the apple pests is achieved, the artificial grass planting and the growth of fruit trees can be promoted in cooperation with the planting of moonflower, and the mixed weed mode is formed in a relatively quick time.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for attracting and breeding natural enemies to control apple pests by using mixed grasses in an apple orchard, which comprises the following steps:
s1, sowing alfalfa among rows of fruit trees in autumn of the first year, sowing cogongrass and sesbania among open lands of fruit trees at intervals, and sowing the cogongrass at the edge of an apple orchard; wherein at least one row of cogongrass and one row of sesbania are sowed among the fruit trees;
s2, in spring of the second year, reseeding according to the germination and seedling emergence conditions of the alfalfa, the cogongrass grass and the sesbania;
s3, sowing moonflower between the edge of the apple orchard and a fruit tree group in spring of the third year on the basis of keeping alfalfa, mouse couch grass and sesbania, and keeping naturally-grown grass seeds with less water and fertilizer consumption in the apple orchard simultaneously to form a mixed grass growing pattern of naturally-grown grass, alfalfa, mouse couch grass, sesbania and moonflower in the apple orchard;
s4, adjusting the density of the alfalfa, the citionella grass, the sesbania and the natural grasses according to the distribution situation of natural enemies and pests, and maintaining the mixed grasses layout of the apple orchard with the natural grasses, the alfalfa, the murraya grass, the sesbania and the moonflower. And when the number of enemies is higher than that of the pests, the mowing operation of the natural grass, the alfalfa, the cogongrass and the sesbania is needed, the mowing operation is carried out in a mode of the distribution density of the loose natural grass, the alfalfa, the citionella and the sesbania, and the mowed natural grass, the alfalfa, the citionella and the sesbania are used as green manure.
In this embodiment, in step S1, each 667m2The sowing amount of the alfalfa is 1.0-2.0 kg, and each 667m2The seeding rate of the mouse couch grass and the sesbania is 0.5-1.0 kg. In the above step S3, each 667m2The seeding amount of the moonlight flowers is 0.25-0.5 kg.
In this example, only alfalfa, cogongrass, and sesbania were retained from the first autumn to the second spring.
In the embodiment, the artificial grass seeds are mowed for 1-2 times all year round, the stubble height is 8-10 cm, and the grass seeds sowed in autumn are not mowed in the current year; naturally growing grass is mown for 2-3 times, and the height of the remaining stubble is 10-20 cm.
Comparative example 1
The procedure of example 1 was followed except that moonlight flowers were not planted.
Comparative example 2
The procedure of example 1 was repeated except that no rat couch grass was planted.
Comparative example 3
Alfalfa was planted alone, as in example 1.
Examples of the experiments
Four areas with the same area of the same apple orchard planting area are taken as an experimental group, a control group and a blank control group respectively, the experimental group adopts the arrangement method described in example 1, the control group adopts the arrangement modes of a comparative example 1, a comparative example 2 and a comparative example 3 respectively, and at least one experimental group area is arranged between each experimental group and each control group in order to reduce the mutual influence between the experimental group and the control group.
The experimental results are as follows:
(1) the incidence rate of diseases and insects of the experimental group is far lower than that of the control group 1, the control group 2 and the control group 3, the incidence rate of diseases and insects of the experimental group is lower than that of the control group 1, the incidence rate of diseases and insects of the control group 1 is lower than that of the control group 2, and the incidence rate of diseases and insects of the control group 3 is the highest.
(2) The growth rates of the alfalfa, the citionella grass, the sesbania and the fruit tree in the experimental group are far higher than those of the control group 1, and the growth rates of the alfalfa, the sesbania and the fruit tree in the control group 2 are also higher than those of the control group 1 but slightly lower than those of the experimental group.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (7)
1. A method for preventing apple pests by attracting and breeding natural enemies through mixed grasses in apple orchards is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, sowing alfalfa among rows of fruit trees in autumn of the first year, sowing cogongrass and sesbania among open lands of fruit trees at intervals, and sowing the cogongrass at the edge of an apple orchard;
s2, in spring of the second year, reseeding according to the germination and seedling emergence conditions of the alfalfa, the cogongrass grass and the sesbania;
s3, sowing moonflower between the edge of the apple orchard and a fruit tree group in spring of the third year on the basis of keeping alfalfa, mouse couch grass and sesbania, and keeping naturally-grown grass seeds with less water and fertilizer consumption in the apple orchard simultaneously to form a mixed grass growing pattern of naturally-grown grass, alfalfa, mouse couch grass, sesbania and moonflower in the apple orchard;
and S4, in the fourth year and later, adjusting the density of the alfalfa, the cogongrass, the sesbania and the natural grassy according to the distribution situation of the natural enemies and the pests, and maintaining the mixed grassy pattern of the natural grassy, the alfalfa, the cogongrass, the sesbania and the moonflower in the apple orchard.
2. The method for attracting and breeding natural enemies to control apple pests through mixed grasses in apple orchards as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the above step S1, each 667m2The sowing amount of the alfalfa is 1.0-2.0 kg, and each 667m2The seeding rate of the mouse couch grass and the sesbania is 0.5-1.0 kg.
3. The method for attracting and breeding natural enemies to control apple pests through mixed grasses in apple orchards as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the above step S3, each 667m2The seeding amount of the moonlight flowers is 0.25-0.5 kg.
4. The method for attracting and breeding natural enemies to control apple pests through mixed grasses in apple orchards as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: only the alfalfa, the cogongrass grass and the sesbania are reserved from the autumn of the first year to the spring of the second year.
5. The method for attracting and breeding natural enemies to control apple pests through mixed grasses in apple orchards as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: manually mowing for 1-2 times all year round, keeping the stubble height at 8-10 cm, and not mowing for autumn-sown grass seeds in the current year; naturally growing grass is mown for 2-3 times, and the height of the remaining stubble is 10-20 cm.
6. The method for attracting and breeding natural enemies to control apple pests through mixed grasses in apple orchards as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: at least one row of the mouse couch grass and one row of the sesbania are sown among the fruit trees.
7. The method for attracting and breeding natural enemies to control apple pests through mixed grasses in apple orchards as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S4, when the number of enemies is higher than the number of pests, the mowing operation of the natural grass, the alfalfa, the cogongrass and the sesbania is required, the mowing operation is performed in a manner of sparse natural grass, the alfalfa, the citionella and the sesbania distribution density, and the mowed natural grass, the alfalfa, the citionella and the sesbania are used as green manure.
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| CN202011216954.8A CN112262706A (en) | 2020-11-04 | 2020-11-04 | Method for preventing apple pests by attracting and breeding natural enemies through mixed grasses in apple orchard |
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| CN202011216954.8A CN112262706A (en) | 2020-11-04 | 2020-11-04 | Method for preventing apple pests by attracting and breeding natural enemies through mixed grasses in apple orchard |
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Application publication date: 20210126 |