CN104160856A - Cultivation method for increasing cut-flower amount and seed production amount of collard - Google Patents
Cultivation method for increasing cut-flower amount and seed production amount of collard Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of flower cultivation and particularly relates to a cultivation method for increasing the cut-flower amount and the seed production amount of collard. The cultivation method for increasing the cut-flower amount and the seed production amount of the collard comprises the steps of seeding time adjusting, seedling cultivating, field planting, field managing, harvesting, flower cutting, stalk treating, head treating, timely pollinating, harvesting in batches and the like. The method is simple and easy to implement, easy and convenient to operate, and obvious in effect; fresh cut flowers of the cut-flower collard can be harvested once, the yield of the fresh cut flowers can be increased by more than 30%, and the yield of seeds can be remarkably increased by more than 20%; the seed quality can be improved, the production cost can be reduced, and the benefits are increased.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to Floristry field, be specifically related to improve the cultivation method of kale cut-flower amount and production of hybrid seeds amount.
Technical background:
Viewing and admiring kale is the mutation that Cruciferae rape belongs to brassica specie, originate in European Mediterranean to North Sea bank, 2 years raw herbaceous plant, see Ye Weizhu, its leaf morphology is attractive in appearance changeable, and lobus cardiacus is lucuriant in design as flower, and cold resistance is stronger, be the first-selected flowers of viewing and admiring in late autumn, winter and early spring, there is higher ornamental value and economic benefit.Along with development and the change of people to traditional fresh cut-flowers understanding of ornamental horticulture, at present, become one of extremely welcome emerging fresh cut-flowers material American-European and Japanese kale, in numerous kale strains, high raw type and decomposite leaf type kind are suitable for doing fresh cut-flowers, plant height 50~80cm, and cutting flower variety can also be made the different flower arrangement of shape and color and the gaily decorated basket.High raw type strain is also suitable for whole strain and makes potted landscape.Along with cut-flower is viewed and admired, the demand of kale is year after year surging, has increased the demand of fresh cut-flowers and seed, the fresh cut-flowers output and the numerous production of hybrid seeds quantity that therefore need to improve cut-flower class and view and admire kale.The common seed production way of cut-flower kale is cutting bouquet and the cane upper bottom portion blade of pruning, retain top vane bolting numerous production of hybrid seeds that blossoms and bears fruit, due to cut-flower, to view and admire kale plant cane longer, very easily there is lodging phenomenon, especially high natural disposition kind, when plant blossom, plant height is more than 120cm, plant and branch more easily lodge, branch after lodging is solid few, seed plumpness reduces, seed cracky goes rotten, badly influence output and seed quality, for preventing that the artificial and bamboo pole that lodging will be a large amount of from going to tie up, waste a large amount of man power and materials, increase production cost, and the cut-flower kale that the production of hybrid seeds is cultivated conventionally, the fresh cut-flowers of not gathering, only the cut-flower part partial blade of plant is cut, therefore need to invent a kind of simple cultivation method for changing this situation, not only can gather in fresh cut-flowers one time, and increase fresh cut-flowers output, improve cut-flower simultaneously and view and admire the yield and quality of kale seed, increase planting benefit.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the invention is the defect existing for prior art, a kind of simple effective method is provided, can make cut-flower kale both can gather in fresh cut-flowers one time, and improve fresh cut-flowers output, when the production of hybrid seeds simultaneously, can reach again increase output, improve seed quality, reduce production cost, increase the object of benefit.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme steps that the present invention takes is:
A cultivation method that improves kale cut-flower amount and production of hybrid seeds amount, comprises the following steps:
1, adjust sowing time: the sowing time that general cut-flower kale fresh cut-flowers cultivation is cultivated with the production of hybrid seeds in Hilly area of Jiangsu Province is the same as with brassica crop mid or late August, and the present invention is at the beginning of adjusting to sowing time 8 months.
2, grow seedlings: cut-flower kale point disk seedling growing at the beginning of 8 months, adopt 50 holes or 72 hole point disk seedling growings, need to sow dissimilar kind, directly field planting when seedling grows to 7~8 leaves according to the production of hybrid seeds.
3, field planting: use sufficient base manure in seed farm, every 667m
2put decomposed manure 4000~5000kg, separately add Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 100~150kg (N:P:K 15:15:15) and make base manure.September early and middle ten days the field planting of cut-flower kale in seed farm, cultivation seeding row spacing 30cm × 30cm.After cultivation, connect and water water 2~3 times, plant to be planted is covered surrounding after living with fine earth, have be short of seedling, dead seedling transplants after-culture in time.
4, field management: the rosette stage up to Plantlet formation bulb in earlier stage, normal rich water quality management, mid or late October, the Plantlet formation bulb initial stage, prescind plant top opion, spray plant processed top otch with 100~200 times of liquid of 45% crystal lime polysulfies subsequently, impose 0.2-0.3% urea (containing N 46%) outward once in conjunction with the timely root that waters subsequently, after 5-7 days, plant bulb otch surrounding a lot of leaf buds of emerging, 2 lateral buds of reservation symmetrically, erase unnecessary lateral bud, (erasing unnecessary lateral bud is the quality in order to ensure cut-flower, lateral bud is too much, the bouquet forming is less, can affect fresh cut-flowers quality) two new lotus thrones of lateral bud formation mid-November, to suitably carry out rich water control to the cultivation management of cut-flower kale before surviving the winter ever since, no longer applied nitrogen, prevent that plant strain growth is too fast, the quality of fresh cut-flowers when impact is gathered.After mid-December, spray 0.1~0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate every 10 days plant leafs, can increase the cold resistance of plant, and can make lobus cardiacus look more bright-coloured, improve sight.
5, the cut-flower of gathering: mid-January, when plant grow to young leaves look change the most bright-coloured time, top vane is launched gradually, while presenting the state that a bud just ready to burst, can gather, by the every strain of plant of above-mentioned processing 2 fresh cut-flowers of can gathering, apart from 8~12cm place, ground cutting cane, cut-flower branch length can be pruned as required again.Within before gathering 1~2 day, again spray 0.1~0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, can extend fresh cut-flowers and view and admire the time.
6, after fresh cut-flowers is gathered and is finished, the cane of residue acrial part is peelled off Lao Ye and Huang Ye, retain green blade, with the cane of 100~200 times of liquid sprinkling plant processed of 45% crystal lime polysulfies, especially cane upper cut-out place will spray and cover evenly, be conducive to reduce infecting of the harmful germ of wound, prevent the generation of rot, canker.
7, cut-flower is gathered spray medicine after 5~7 days after the shrivelled contraction of cane otch, imposes 0.2-0.3% urea (containing N 46%) outward once, normal management subsequently in conjunction with the timely root that waters.
8, at the beginning of 2 months, plant cane axil place and root start to sprout in a large number the little leaf-head of pumping, around root, retain uniformly 5~6 leaf-heads, cane bottom retains 3~5 leaf-heads, erase on root and cane other leaf-head, plant sprays 0.1~0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sprays once every 10 days later.
9, the leaf-head on late Febuary plant starts bolting, now peels off the blade on cane, notes not hurting leaf-head, and normal production of hybrid seeds field management, notes the extermination of disease and insect pest subsequently.In seed farm region, carry out grenadine isolation according to kind difference.
10, at the beginning of 4 months, the branch of plant bolting starts to bloom successively, and while blooming, plant height, at 70~90cm, comes into bloom, and sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution of 0.2% boron fertilizer and 0.1%~0.2% every 7 days blade faces, continues to spray 2~3 times.
11, after plant blossom, can be according to breediness, take the numerous production of hybrid seeds of different seed production ways, kind that selfing is not affine, adopts artificial bud pollination; Self-compatible kind and preparing hybrid kind, can take honeybee supplementary pollination to improve output, if when preparing hybrid kind, flowering asynchronism, should carry out pinching, defloration to parent in time, meets with regulation florescence.
12, pollination finishes rear normal field management, stops fertilising, suitably waters according to field soil moisture content, ground inquire for dry see wet, plant pod start flavescence, when seed browning, can batch by batch and stage by stage gather, preparing hybrid kind Parent seed is separately received, plants the rear airing threshing in time of strain results.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
Method of the present invention has been gathered in fresh cut-flowers one time, and by adjusting sowing time and cutting ball processing, has increased the quantity of fresh cut-flowers, lodging phenomenon while effectively having prevented the production of hybrid seeds of cut-flower kale, has improved seed production and quality, has reduced production cost, increase benefit, had the following advantages:
1, in the sowing time that the present invention adopts, be beneficial to process leaf-head, increases fresh cut-flowers quantity, has the best commodity property of viewing and admiring in the time gathering fresh cut-flowers, and the bolting that does not affect plant after gathering is bloomed and the production of hybrid seeds.Fresh cut-flowers shifts to an earlier date picking time, and the plant after gathering in the winter time hypothermic phase is subject to freeze injury, and fresh cut-flowers postpones picking time, and sight reduces, and affects the bolting production of hybrid seeds of blooming.
2, after fresh cut-flowers is gathered, impose in time urea, promoted plant quick effect nutrient growth, spray 0.1 ?0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, be conducive to further plant bolting and bloom.
3, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution that sprays 0.2% boron fertilizer and 0.1%~0.2% flowering stage has promoted the quantity of blooming, and has increased seed production, has improved the quality of seed, can increase the unit weight of seed.
4, the fresh cut-flowers of gathering has increased productivity effect, and cut-flower output has been increased more than 30%, and 1~2 yuan/of cut-flower market price, can significantly increase economic benefit.
5, this invention is simple, easy and simple to handle, and successful can significantly increase seed production, improves seed quality, and seed production is increased income more than 20%, increases thousand grain weigth, reduces seed breakage rate.
Embodiment
The cut-flower using in the present embodiment is viewed and admired kale material for QY-11, and material source is the red cut-flower kale kind " first red " that Japanese Long Jing company (TAKII) produces.
The self-compatible material that selfing purification obtains, varietal character: siphonal lobe is dark green, lobus cardiacus look red, and cane is purplish red, and lotus sits phase plant height 55-60cm.
In embodiment, seed farm used is the uniform same plot of fertility.
Embodiment 1
1, August 25 cut-flower kale QY-11 point disk seedling growing, adopt 72 hole point disk seedling growings, directly field planting when seedling grows to 7~8 leaves.
2, in seed farm, use sufficient base manure, turn over and sun the earth which has been ploughed up more than 15d, second ploughing hack, every 667m
2put decomposed manure 5000kg, separately add Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 100kg (N:P:K 15:15:15) and make base manure.After cultivated flat rake is thin, make the furrow of wide 1.2m, ditch depth 20cm, furrow width 30cm.Then build unregistered land film.
3, September 30, cultivation seeding row spacing 25cm × 25cm, cultivated plant area 20m cut-flower kale QY-11 field planting in field
2, cultivation plant 300 strains, connect after cultivation and water water 2~3 times, plant to be planted is covered surrounding after living with fine earth, have be short of seedling, dead seedling transplants after-culture in time.
4, the rosette stage until before surviving the winter the cultivation management of cut-flower kale all to suitably carry out rich water control, especially can not applied nitrogen, prevent that plant strain growth is too fast, the quality of fresh cut-flowers when impact is gathered.
5, the cut-flower of gathering: mid-December, in the time that plant grows to the most bright-coloured that young leaves look changes, top vane is launched gradually, while presenting the state that a bud just ready to burst, can gather.
6, benefit and output are calculated:
Fresh cut-flowers benefit: 300 of results fresh cut-flowers,, obtain 450 yuan of incomes by 1.5 yuan every.
Embodiment 2
1, August 25 cut-flower kale QY-11 point disk seedling growing, adopt 72 hole point disk seedling growings, directly field planting when seedling grows to 7~8 leaves.
2, in seed farm, use sufficient base manure, turn over and sun the earth which has been ploughed up more than 15d, second ploughing hack, every 667m
2put decomposed manure 5000kg, separately add Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 100kg (N:P:K 15:15:15) and make base manure.After cultivated flat rake is thin, make the furrow of wide 1.2m, ditch depth 20cm, furrow width 30cm.Then build unregistered land film.
3, September 30, cultivation seeding row spacing 30cm × 30cm, cultivated plant area 20m cut-flower kale QY-11 field planting in seed farm
2, cultivation plant 200 strains, connect after cultivation and water water 2-3 times, plant to be planted is covered surrounding after living with fine earth, have be short of seedling, dead seedling transplants after-culture in time.
4, the rosette stage until before surviving the winter the cultivation management of cut-flower kale all to suitably carry out rich water control, by the normal field management of brassica crop seed production way.
5, February early and middle ten days, the Lao Ye pruning on plant cane, bouquet carries out part cutting, stays part fickle in love, late Febuary plant start bolting, note the extermination of disease and insect pest.In seed farm region, carry out grenadine isolation according to kind difference.
At the beginning of 4 months, the branch of bolting starts to bloom successively, while blooming plant height at 120~140cm, normal water and fertilizer management, the extermination of disease and insect pest.Take honeybee supplementary pollination to improve output, in seed farm, put into one case honeybee.The situation that lodges when plant blossom is serious, needs artificial bamboo pole to tie up, and prevents lodging.
6, pollination finishes rear normal field management, stops fertilising, suitably waters according to field soil moisture content, and ground inquires for dryly to be seen wetly, plants pod and starts flavescence, when seed browning, can batch by batch and stage by stage gather, and plants airing threshing in time after strain results.
7, output is calculated: 200 strain cut-flowers are viewed and admired kale material QY ?11 and gathered in the crops altogether seed 4137g.Thousand grain weigth 3.49g, seed breakage rate 11.76%.
Embodiment 3
1, in the present embodiment adjusting to cut-flower kale point disk seedling growing on August 5 sowing time, adopt 72 hole point disk seedling growings, need to sow dissimilar kind, directly field planting when seedling grows to 7~8 leaves according to the production of hybrid seeds.
2, in seed farm, use sufficient base manure, every 667m
2put decomposed manure 4000~5000kg, separately add Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 100~150kg (N:P:K 15:15:15) and make base manure.September 10, cultivation seeding row spacing 30cm × 30cm, cultivated plant area 20m the field planting of cut-flower kale in seed farm
2, cultivation plant 200 strains, connect after cultivation and water water 2~3 times, plant to be planted is covered surrounding after living with fine earth, have be short of seedling, dead seedling transplants after-culture in time.
3, rosette stage up to Plantlet formation bulb in earlier stage, normal rich water quality management, about October 20, the Plantlet formation bulb initial stage, prescind plant top cue ball stem, spray plant processed top otch with 100~200 times of liquid of 45% crystal lime polysulfies subsequently, impose 0.2-0.3% urea (containing N 46%) outward once in conjunction with the timely root that waters subsequently, after 5-7 days, plant cue ball stem otch surrounding a lot of leaf buds of emerging, 2 lateral buds of reservation symmetrically, erase unnecessary lateral bud, (erasing unnecessary lateral bud is the quality in order to ensure cut-flower, lateral bud is too much, the bouquet forming is less, can affect fresh cut-flowers quality) two new lotus thrones of lateral bud formation mid-November, to suitably carry out rich water control to the cultivation management of cut-flower kale before surviving the winter ever since, no longer applied nitrogen, prevent that plant strain growth is too fast, the quality of fresh cut-flowers when impact is gathered.December 15 sprayed 0.1~0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate every 10 days plant leafs later, can increase the cold resistance of plant, and can make lobus cardiacus look more bright-coloured, improved sight.
4, the cut-flower of gathering: mid-January, when plant grow to young leaves look change the most bright-coloured time, top vane is launched gradually, while presenting the state that a bud just ready to burst, can gather, by the general every strain of plant of above-mentioned processing 2 fresh cut-flowers of can gathering, apart from 8~12cm place, ground cutting cane, cut-flower branch length can be pruned as required again.Within before gathering 1~2 day, again spray 0.1~0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, can extend fresh cut-flowers and view and admire the time.
5, after fresh cut-flowers is gathered and is finished, the cane of residue acrial part is peelled off Lao Ye and Huang Ye, retain green blade, with the cane of 100~200 times of liquid sprinkling plant processed of 45% crystal lime polysulfies, especially cane upper cut-out place will spray and cover evenly, be conducive to reduce infecting of the harmful germ of wound, prevent the generation of rot, canker.
6, cut-flower is gathered spray medicine after 5~7 days after the shrivelled contraction of cane otch, imposes 0.2-0.3% urea (containing N 46%) outward once, normal management subsequently in conjunction with the timely root that waters.
7, at the beginning of 2 months, plant cane axil place and root start to sprout in a large number the little leaf-head of pumping, around root, retain uniformly 5~6 leaf-heads, cane bottom retains 3~5 leaf-heads, erase on root and cane other leaf-head, plant sprays 0.1~0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sprays once every 10 days later.
8, the leaf-head on late Febuary plant starts bolting, now peels off the blade on cane, notes not hurting leaf-head, and normal production of hybrid seeds field management, notes the extermination of disease and insect pest subsequently.In seed farm region, carry out grenadine isolation according to kind difference.
9, at the beginning of 4 months, the branch of plant bolting starts to bloom successively, and while blooming, plant height, at 70~90cm, comes into bloom, and sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution of 0.2% boron fertilizer and 0.1%~0.2% every 7 days blade faces, continues to spray 2~3 times.
10, after plant blossom, can be according to breediness, take the numerous production of hybrid seeds of different seed production ways, kind that selfing is not affine, adopts artificial bud pollination; Self-compatible kind and preparing hybrid kind, can take honeybee supplementary pollination to improve output, if when preparing hybrid kind, flowering asynchronism, should carry out pinching, defloration to parent in time, meets with regulation florescence.
11, pollination finishes rear normal field management, stops fertilising, suitably waters according to field soil moisture content, ground inquire for dry see wet, plant pod start flavescence, when seed browning, can batch by batch and stage by stage gather, preparing hybrid kind Parent seed is separately received, plants the rear airing threshing in time of strain results.
12, benefit and output are calculated:
(1) fresh cut-flowers benefit: results fresh cut-flowers 200 × 2=400,, obtains 600 yuan of incomes by 1.5 yuan every.
(2) seed production and quality: 200 strain cut-flowers view and admire kale material QY ?11 gather in the crops altogether seed 5060g.Thousand grain weigth 3.81g, seed breakage rate 8.52%.
Contrast by 3 embodiment can be found out, the method that we are bright, existing fresh cut-flowers income, have again the income of the production of hybrid seeds, and the output that has increased fresh cut-flowers is more than 30%, has improved hybrid seed yield, increase production 22.3%, thousand kernel weight has increased by 9.17%, and seed breakage rate has been reduced to 8.52% by 11.76%, and method of the present invention has significantly increased the economic benefit of cut-flower kale cultivation.
Claims (5)
1. a cultivation method that improves kale cut-flower amount and production of hybrid seeds amount, is characterized in that, specifically comprises the steps:
(1) adjust sowing time: at the beginning of being adjusted to 8 months from mid or late August the sowing time of cut-flower kale in Hilly area of Jiangsu Province;
(2) grow seedlings: at the beginning of 8 months, adopt 50 holes or 72 hole point disk seedling growings, need to sow dissimilar kind, direct field planting when seedling grows to 7~8 leaves according to the production of hybrid seeds;
(3) field planting: use sufficient base manure in seed farm, every 667m
2put decomposed manure 4000~5000kg, separately add Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 100~150kg and make base manure, September early and middle ten days the field planting of cut-flower kale in seed farm, cultivation seeding row spacing 30cm × 30cm, after cultivation, connect and water water 2~3 times, plant to be planted is covered surrounding after living with fine earth, have be short of seedling, dead seedling transplants after-culture in time;
(4) field management: the rosette stage up to Plantlet formation bulb in earlier stage, normal rich water quality management, mid or late October, the Plantlet formation bulb initial stage, prescind plant top opion, spray plant processed top otch with lime sulfur subsequently, impose urea outward once in conjunction with the timely root that waters subsequently, after 5~7 days, plant bulb otch surrounding a lot of leaf buds of emerging, 2 lateral buds of reservation symmetrically, erase unnecessary lateral bud, mid-November, lateral bud formed two new lotus thrones, to carry out rich water control to the cultivation management of cut-flower kale before surviving the winter ever since, no longer applied nitrogen, after mid-December, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate every 10 days plant leafs,
(5) cut-flower of gathering: mid-January, in the time that plant grows to the most bright-coloured that young leaves look changes, top vane is launched gradually, while presenting the state that a bud just ready to burst, can gather;
(6) stem stalk processing: after fresh cut-flowers is gathered and finished, the cane of residue acrial part is peelled off Lao Ye and Huang Ye, retain green blade, with the cane of 100~200 times of liquid sprinkling plant processed of 45% crystal lime polysulfies, reduce infecting of the harmful germ of wound, prevent the generation of rot, canker, cut-flower is gathered after the shrivelled contraction of cane otch in 5~7 days of spray medicine, impose 0.2~0.3% urea outward once in conjunction with the timely root that waters, normal management subsequently;
(7) leaf-head processing: at the beginning of 2 months, around root, retain uniformly 5~6 leaf-heads, cane bottom retains 3~5 leaf-heads, erases on root and cane other leaf-head, plant sprays 0.1~0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sprays once every 10 days later;
(8) pollination in time: after plant blossom, can be according to breediness, take the numerous production of hybrid seeds of different seed production ways, kind that selfing is not affine, adopts artificial bud pollination; Self-compatible kind and preparing hybrid kind, can take honeybee supplementary pollination to improve output, if when preparing hybrid kind, flowering asynchronism, should carry out pinching, defloration to parent in time, meets with regulation florescence;
(9) gather: pollination finishes rear normal field management in batches, stop fertilising, suitably water according to field soil moisture content, ground inquire for dry see wet, plant pod and start flavescence, when seed browning, batch by batch and stage by stage is gathered, preparing hybrid kind Parent seed is separately received, plants the rear airing threshing in time of strain results.
2. the cultivation method of raising according to claim 1 kale cut-flower amount and production of hybrid seeds amount, is characterized in that, the leaf-head on late Febuary plant starts bolting, now peels off the blade on cane, in seed farm region, carries out grenadine isolation according to kind difference.
3. the cultivation method of raising according to claim 1 and 2 kale cut-flower amount and production of hybrid seeds amount, is characterized in that, comes into bloom, and sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution of 0.2% boron fertilizer and 0.1%~0.2% every 7 days blade faces, continues to spray 2~3 times.
4. the cultivation method of raising kale cut-flower amount according to claim 3 and production of hybrid seeds amount, it is characterized in that, lime sulfur described in step (4) is: with 100~200 times of liquid of 45% crystal lime polysulfies, described urea concentration is 0.2~0.3%, and the concentration of described potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.1~0.2%.
5. according to the raising kale cut-flower amount described in claim 1,2 or 4 and the cultivation method of production of hybrid seeds amount, it is characterized in that, 8~12cm place, Ju ground, position cutting cane of the cut-flower of gathering described in step (5), cut-flower branch length is pruned as required again, before gathering 1 ?within 2 days, again spray 0.1 ?0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate extend fresh cut-flowers and view and admire the time.
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CN104126401A (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2014-11-05 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Parent seed reproduction method for anther kale with pollen difficult to scatter |
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