CN111201950A

CN111201950A - Flower and grass composition for conserving natural enemies and preventing and controlling vegetable chewing pests and application

Info

Publication number: CN111201950A
Application number: CN202010192854.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张艳军; 赵建宁; 杨殿林
Original assignee: Agro Environmental Protection Institute Ministry of Agriculture
Current assignee: Agro Environmental Protection Institute Ministry of Agriculture
Priority date: 2020-03-18
Filing date: 2020-03-18
Publication date: 2020-05-29

Abstract

The invention discloses a flower and grass composition for conserving natural enemies and preventing and controlling vegetable chewing pests and application thereof. The flower and plant combination of the invention covers 9 families of 13 kinds of herbage, the plants are matched in height and height, grow thickly, have staggered flowering periods and are simple to manage and protect. The flower and grass combination is used for constructing an artificial plant buffer zone in an intensive vegetable field, weeds can be prevented from expanding into the field, a microminiature animal inhabitation breeding land in the vegetable field is reconstructed, the species and the number of the animal species are increased, dense clustered vegetation is beneficial to survival of predatory natural enemies, special-odor plants attract chewing pests to the artificial plant buffer zone and keep away from the vegetable field, honey plants attract and protect the parasitic natural enemies, the natural enemies migrate and spread into the vegetable field to control the chewing pests, no insecticide is applied to the intensive vegetable field for constructing the artificial plant buffer zone, green, efficient and sustainable development of vegetable planting industry is supported, the quality of vegetables and processed products is guaranteed, and meanwhile, the landscape of the intensive vegetable field is beautified.

Description

Flower and grass composition for conserving natural enemies and preventing and controlling vegetable chewing pests and application

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of farmland ecological enhancement, and relates to a flower and grass combination for conserving natural enemies and preventing and controlling vegetable chewing pests and an application thereof.

Background

The planting area of Chinese vegetables is maintained for 3 hundred million mu year round, the yield is more than 7 hundred million tons, and the yield value is 2 trillion yuan. One of the important threats in vegetable crop production is chewing pests, mainly including diamond back moth, cabbage butterfly, prodenia litura, beet armyworm, cutworm, grub and the like, biting and eating plant leaves or roots and stems of plants, which causes serious yield reduction and quality reduction of vegetables. For a long time, the prevention and control of vegetable pests mainly depend on chemical pesticides, but serious negative problems such as pollution of water and soil environments and agricultural products, killing of natural enemies, induction of drug resistance of pests and the like are solved, and the caution that chemical prevention and control should be carefully adopted is given. The artificial breeding and the release of natural enemies have a certain positive effect on controlling the vegetable chewing pests, but the animals inhabiting and breeding places of the intensive vegetable land lose nearly, and the released natural enemies are difficult to colonize and continue to die quickly. A large number of natural enemies existing in nature, such as spiders, foot beetles, lacewing flies, ladybugs, predatory stinkbugs, trichogramma, calluses, ichneumonidae and parasitic flies, have a suppression effect on vegetable chewing pests, particularly on the predation and parasitization of eggs and larvae, can effectively reduce the population base of pests, and the natural enemies and the pest populations achieve ecological balance to prevent the pests from outbreak and causing disasters. Because the production function is over emphasized, the intensive vegetable field has single planting variety, weeds in the field are removed, the living and breeding environment of the natural enemies is continuously deteriorated and even lost, the variety and the number of the natural enemies are reduced sharply, and the natural joint control effect of the natural enemy group on pests is damaged.

Agricultural biodiversity is an important support for the ecological system of a farmland, is a key factor for maintaining, stabilizing or improving the ecological balance of agriculture, and is a material basis for the continuous development of agriculture and related industries and ecological environments. Currently, a small number of vegetable fields are planted with trap plants on ridges around the field blocks, pests are concentrated and then poisoned by chemical pesticides, or planting evasion plant rows are arranged in the vegetable fields to drive away the pests. However, the field trap plants or the field evasion plants are planted in the field, the selected plant species are single, the planting area is small, and the effect on pests is common. Due to the variety of the domesticated animals, especially the natural enemies, the plant buffer zone (such as hedgerow, wild grass zone, wild flower zone, etc.) of the non-agricultural environment is regarded as one of the important ecological facilities of the agricultural ecological system, and the comprehensive ecological functions of increasing beneficial insects, controlling pests and reducing chemical drugs are proved in the farmland. The natural plant buffer zone is the result of long-term succession of natural vegetation, the germplasm resources of a large number of organisms are maintained all the time, when the natural plant buffer zone is not existed in the vegetable-placing land, the animal conservation capability is lost, the residual vegetation mainly comprises malignant weeds, becomes the crop pests over-winter/summer hosts, and basically loses the function of regulating and controlling the vegetable pests. The method has the advantages that the diverse conservation capability of animals is restored and enhanced, natural enemy groups are maintained in a targeted mode to control main pests of vegetable crops, and the elaborately designed and reconstructed plant buffer zone is a feasible way for achieving the multiple purposes, so that the green, efficient and sustainable development of the intensive vegetable planting industry is supported. The plant species and the plant proportion are the key to the success of the design and reconstruction of the plant buffer zone, and a specific crop system needs to be researched, developed and applied according to local conditions. The invention scientifically screens functional plants and reasonably collocates the functional plants according to the production requirements of the vegetable field and the planting environment thereof, exerts the composite ecological function of plant combination and realizes the structure optimization and function enhancement of the vegetable field ecological system.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a flower and grass combination for conserving natural enemies, preventing and controlling vegetable chewing pests, and filling up the technical blank existing in the construction of artificial plant buffer zones in intensive vegetable fields.

The invention also aims to provide application of the flower and grass combination in construction of artificial plant buffer zones in intensive vegetable fields.

The above purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a flower and grass composition for conserving natural enemies and preventing and controlling vegetable-chewing pests comprises, by mass, 30-50% of grassy herbs, 15-25% of leguminous herbs, 5-15% of compositae herbs, 5-14% of labiatae herbs, 3-7% of rosaceous herbs, 2-6% of violaceae herbs, 2-6% of umbelliferae herbs, 2-6% of alkannaceae herbs and 2-6% of malvaceae herbs.

Preferably, the gramineae plant species are perennial ryegrass and annual sweet corn, and the seed mass ratio is 30% and 10%, respectively.

Preferably, the leguminous plant is perennial red clover and biennial sweet clover, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 15% and 5%, respectively.

Preferably, the species of the compositae plants are annual marigold and artemisia apiacea, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 5% and 5%, respectively.

Preferably, the labiatae plant species are perennial mint and thyme, and the seed mass ratio is 5% and 4%, respectively.

Preferably, the rosaceous plant species is perennial strawberry, and the seed mass ratio is 5%.

Preferably, the Violaceae plant is perennial viola yedoensis, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 4%.

Preferably, the Umbelliferae plant is perennial ligusticum wallichii, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 4%.

Preferably, the Boraginaceae plant is annual borage, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 4%.

Preferably, the Malvaceae plant species is annual Abutilon abutilon, and the seed mass ratio is 4%.

The application of the flower and grass combination in the construction of the artificial plant buffer zone in the intensive vegetable field comprises the following steps:

1) preparing soil, reserving soil with the width of not less than 3 meters along the edge of the vegetable field, and raking the soil for later use;

2) sowing, wherein the biennial and perennial plant grass seeds are sown in autumn, and the annual plant is sown in spring;

3) and (4) maintaining, namely irregularly weeding according to normal fertilizer and water management of the vegetable field, and ensuring that various sowed plants in the plant buffer zone grow well.

Preferably, when the land is prepared in the step 1), the width of the plant buffer zone is 5 meters; if the shape of the field is square, constructing a plant buffer zone along the long edge of the field; if the plot is irregular in shape, a plant buffer zone is built along the perimeter of the plot.

Preferably, in the step 2), when sowing, the biennial and perennial plant seeds are uniformly mixed and then sown by shaking the sowing machine with hands, the weight of the sown seeds per square meter is 10g, the reserved seed grass land is sown in a segmented manner, the seeds required by each segment are weighed independently, each segment is sown uniformly twice, the soil covering is 1cm after sowing, and the soil is compacted by a rolling machine; the annual sweet corn drill seeding is characterized in that the row spacing is 50cm, the ditching depth is 5cm, the annual marigold, the sweet wormwood herb, the borage and the piemarker are uniformly mixed and then drill seeding is carried out, the seeding row is arranged between the sweet corn rows, the ditching depth is 2cm, and the soil is covered and the seeds are trampled after the grass seeding.

Preferably, during maintenance in the step 3), the soil is fully wetted within 3-4 weeks after sowing, and water is manually supplemented by about 1cm per week under the drought condition; once malignant weeds (e.g., humulus scandens, bermuda grass, reed, etc.) can be identified, they are immediately removed manually or mechanically.

The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

the flower and plant combination of the invention covers 9 families of 13 kinds of herbage, the plants are matched in height and height, grow thickly, have staggered flowering periods and are simple to manage and protect. The flower and grass combination is used for constructing an artificial plant buffer zone in an intensive vegetable field, weeds can be prevented from expanding into the field, a microminiature animal inhabitation breeding land in the vegetable field is reconstructed, the species and the number of the animal species are increased, dense clustered vegetation is beneficial to survival of predatory natural enemies, special-odor plants attract chewing pests to the artificial plant buffer zone and keep away from the vegetable field, honey plants attract and protect the parasitic natural enemies, the natural enemies migrate and spread into the vegetable field to control the chewing pests, no insecticide is applied to the intensive vegetable field for constructing the artificial plant buffer zone, green, efficient and sustainable development of vegetable planting industry is supported, the quality of vegetables and processed products is guaranteed, and meanwhile, the landscape of the intensive vegetable field is beautified.

Detailed Description

For better understanding of the essence of the invention, the technical contents of the invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but the contents of the invention are not limited thereto and thus should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

Example 1: preferred combinations of flowers and plants

The preferable flower and grass combination plant species comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 30% of ryegrass of Gramineae, 10% of sweet corn, 15% of red clover of Leguminosae, 5% of sweet clover, 5% of marigold of Compositae, 5% of sweet wormwood, 5% of mint of Labiatae, 4% of thyme, 5% of strawberry of Rosaceae, 4% of Chinese violet of Violaceae, 4% of Ligusticum wallichii of Umbelliferae, 4% of borage of lithospermum and 4% of Abutilon of Malvaceae.

Example 2: conservation and regulation of animals in cabbage field by artificial plant buffer zone

Three test points are selected in the Hebei intensive cabbage continuous planting area, and the distance between the test points is more than 1 kilometer. Each test point is provided with a treatment plot and a comparison plot in pairs, and the spacing distance between the two plots is more than 2 hundred meters. The treated plot refers to cabbage plot with the plant buffer zone constructed by the preferred combination of flowers and plants (excluding the plant buffer zone), and the control plot refers to cabbage plot which is normally managed intensively. The test area prohibited the use of herbicides and insecticides. In three growing seasons of the cabbage one year, collecting arthropod specimens of sample plots by comprehensively utilizing a mechanical insect sucking device, an earth surface trap and an insect catching net, identifying the types of the arthropods, and counting the number of various types. In the investigation, the trematode points and traps are distributed uniformly, the trematode time of each time is fixed to be 1 minute, and the same number of investigation sample points of the plant buffer zone, the treated plot and the control plot is ensured. 16 traps are arranged on each plant buffer zone and each block of treated and contrasted ground, the trap positions are simultaneously the pest sucking points, the net sweeping points are arranged near the pest sucking points, and the complete round trip is 1 net. In the growing season of the cabbage, according to the investigation standard of vegetable chewing type pests, 5 rows are selected from each plot and are treated and contrasted, 10 cabbages are investigated in a jumping mode in each row, 50 cabbages are marked, the marked cabbage plants are investigated and fixed each time, the number of larvae of diamond back moths, cabbage butterflies, prodenia litura, asparagus caterpillars and the seedling falling number (caused by the fact that the grubs bite rootstocks) are recorded, and the pest amount (head) and the seedling falling rate (%) of each row are calculated. And (3) harvesting 50 marked cabbages in the autumn heading period, harvesting and weighing, and calculating the yield per mu (kilogram) of the cabbages.

TABLE 1 arthropod, natural enemy, chewing pest occurrence survey and cabbage yield statistics

Note: the data in the table are the average of 3 replicates.

The vegetation of the artificial plant buffer zone constructed by the plant combination maintains luxuriant from spring to autumn. As a result, as shown in Table 1, after constructing an artificial plant bumper zone in cabbage with a preferable combination of flowers and plants, arthropod species and number were significantly conserved in both spring and autumn. By the summer cabbage rosette period, the animal diversity of the control cabbage field is increased, the animal diversity of the cabbage treatment field is far higher than that of the control due to the fact that the artificial plant buffer zone is constructed, the natural enemy number of the control cabbage field is higher than that of the cabbage treatment field due to the fact that the size of the chewing pest population of the control cabbage field is enlarged, but the natural enemy type of the cabbage treatment field is still far higher than that of the control cabbage field. At different stages of a cabbage year, natural enemies (such as spiders, foot beetles, lacewing flies, ladybugs, predatory stinkbugs, trichogramma, velvet flies, ichneumonias, parasitophores and the like) kept by the artificial plant buffer zone have obvious suppression effect on the chewing pest populations of plutella xylostella, cabbage butterflies, prodenia litura, asparagus caterpillars, cutworms, grubs and the like for treating plots. In the seedling stage and the biting hazard stage of the cutworms and the grubs, the prevention and control effect of the artificial plant buffer zone on seedling falling caused by the cutworms and the grubs is 88.2 percent; in the lotus throne stage and the high-incidence stage of the pests such as the plutella xylostella, the cabbage butterfly, the prodenia litura, the beet armyworm and the like, the artificial plant buffer zone is constructed to have the inhibition rate of 93.6 percent on the pest population such as the plutella xylostella, the cabbage butterfly, the prodenia litura, the beet armyworm and the like. And (4) measuring and calculating the yield of the cabbage, wherein the yield per mu of the cabbage field after the artificial plant buffer zone is constructed is 36.9 percent more than that of the control cabbage field. The comprehensive result shows that the construction of the artificial plant buffer zone preserves arthropods in the cabbage field, and various natural enemies effectively control main chewing pests in the cabbage field and avoid the use of chemical insecticides.

Claims

1. The flower and grass composition for conserving natural enemies, preventing and controlling vegetable chewing pests and the application are characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 30-50% of gramineous herbs, 15-25% of leguminous herbs, 5-15% of compositae herbs, 5-14% of labiatae herbs, 3-7% of rosaceous herbs, 2-6% of violaceae herbs, 2-6% of umbelliferae herbs, 2-6% of alkanniaceae herbs and 2-6% of malvaceae herbs;

preferably, the gramineae plant species are perennial ryegrass and annual sweet corn, and the seed mass ratio is 30% and 10% respectively;

preferably, the leguminous plant is perennial red clover and biennial sweet clover, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 15% and 5% respectively;

preferably, the compositae plant species are annual marigold and artemisia apiacea, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 5% and 5% respectively;

preferably, the labiatae plant species are perennial mint and thyme, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 5% and 4% respectively;

preferably, the rosaceous plant species is perennial strawberry, and the mass percentage of seeds is 5%;

preferably, the violaceae plant is perennial viola yedoensis, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 4%;

preferably, the Umbelliferae plant is perennial ligusticum wallichii, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 4%;

preferably, the Boraginaceae plant is annual borage, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 4%;

2. The use of the floral grouping of claim 1, wherein the preferred floral grouping is suitable for constructing an artificial plant buffer zone in an intensive vegetable field, and the effect of conserving natural enemies from controlling vegetable-chewing pests can be achieved.