CN111201941A

CN111201941A - Flower and plant combination for increasing natural enemies in young tea garden to control pests and application

Info

Publication number: CN111201941A
Application number: CN202010193494.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张艳军; 赵建宁; 杨殿林
Original assignee: Agro Environmental Protection Institute Ministry of Agriculture
Current assignee: Agro Environmental Protection Institute Ministry of Agriculture
Priority date: 2020-03-18
Filing date: 2020-03-18
Publication date: 2020-05-29

Abstract

The invention discloses a flower and grass combination for increasing natural enemies in young tea gardens and controlling pests and application thereof. The flower and grass combination disclosed by the invention covers 6 families and 8 kinds of herbs, so that the variety is tenacious in vitality and simple to manage and protect. The flower and grass combination is used for constructing an artificial plant buffer zone in a young tea garden, can inhibit the growth of malignant weeds, reconstructs a micro-animal inhabiting and breeding place of the tea garden, increases the species and the individual number of animals, has dense vegetation, is beneficial to the survival of predatory natural enemies, has the ecological functions of repelling tea pests, luring parasitic natural enemies and pollinating insects, continuously controls the pests in each stage of the young tea garden, realizes the non-application of intensive tea garden herbicides and insecticides, supports the green and efficient sustainable development of tea plantation, ensures the quality safety of tea leaves or tea flower products, and beautifies the production environment of the tea garden.

Description

Flower and plant combination for increasing natural enemies in young tea garden to control pests and application

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of farmland ecological enhancement, and relates to a flower and grass combination for increasing natural enemies in young tea gardens and controlling pests and application thereof.

Background

The tea tree leaves can be used for making tea, the seeds can be used for squeezing oil, the tea tree material is fine and dense, and the tea tree can be used for carving and is an important economic crop. The tea trees are originally produced in China, mainly including south China, southwest China, south China and north China, and 60 countries in the world introduce the tea trees. The main pests in the tea garden comprise tea lesser leafhopper, black thorn whitefly, tea geometrid and the like, and young tissues or juice such as tea plant leaves and stems are eaten, so that the growth of tea plants is poor, the yield is reduced, the quality of tea leaves is deteriorated, and the death of the tea plants is caused in severe cases. The method lacks insect-resistant tea varieties, and takes time and labor for preventing and controlling tea pests by agricultural measures. Chemical control is a main insect prevention means for intensive tea gardens, but serious negative problems of environmental pollution and agricultural products, natural enemy killing, induction of pest drug resistance and the like are solved, and the fact that the chemical control is carefully adopted is reminded. The artificial breeding and releasing of the natural enemies have positive effects on controlling pests in the organic tea garden, but the inhabitation and multiplication places of wild animals in the tea garden are seriously damaged, the types and the number of the artificial natural enemies are limited, and the effect of controlling the pests in a colony-linked manner is difficult to develop. A large number of natural enemies exist in the nature, such as spiders, bellworms, ladybugs, parasitic flies, aphid flies, bug hunting bugs and the like, have the effects of inhibiting and killing eggs, larvae/nymphs and adults of tea pests, and can continuously control tea pest populations to prevent outbreaks and disasters. Due to over emphasis on production function, the intensive tea garden has single planting variety, so-called weeds in the garden are almost completely removed, the natural enemies are deteriorated and even lost in living and reproduction, the variety and the number of the natural enemies are reduced, and the natural joint control effect of the natural enemy group on pests is damaged.

Biodiversity is the material basis for sustainable development of agriculture and forestry industry and ecological environment, and is the core factor for maintaining the balance of agriculture and forestry ecosystem. Due to the variety of domesticated animals, including numerous natural enemies and a large number of neutral insects, plant buffer zones (such as hedges, weed zones, wildflower zones, etc.) that are not agricultural habitats are considered as one of the important ecological facilities of the agricultural ecosystem, and have been proven to have comprehensive ecological functions of increasing beneficial insects, controlling pests and reducing chemicals in the main grain field. The natural plant buffer zone is the result of natural succession, maintains the germplasm resources of organisms, but in an agriculture and forestry system, the natural plant buffer zone is often artificially damaged, or vegetation is mixed with malignant weeds and pests for overwintering/summer hosts, so that the function of the plant buffer zone for serving the agriculture and forestry crop production is not good enough. The method has the advantages that the diversity of natural animals is conserved, natural enemy groups are increased in a targeted mode to control main pests of agricultural and forestry crops, and the design and reconstruction of the plant buffer zone are a feasible way for supporting the green, efficient and sustainable development of intensive agriculture and forestry. Aiming at the production requirements and the planting environment of the young tea garden, functional plants are scientifically screened and reasonably matched, the composite ecological function of plant combination is exerted, and the structure optimization and the function enhancement of a farmland ecological system are realized. The plant species and the proportion are the key to the success of the design and reconstruction of the plant buffer zone, and the plant species and the proportion of the artificial plant buffer zone need to be researched, developed and applied according to the time and the place.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a flower and grass combination for increasing natural enemies to control pests in a young tea garden, so as to fill the technical blank existing in the construction of an artificial plant buffer zone in an intensive young tea garden.

The invention also aims to provide application of the flower and grass combination in construction of artificial plant buffer zones in the intensified young tea garden.

The above purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a flower and plant composition for increasing natural enemies to control pests in young tea gardens comprises, by mass, 40-50% of grassy herbs, 20-30% of leguminous herbs, 5-10% of compositae herbs, 5-10% of Umbelliferae herbs, 5-10% of labiatae herbs and 5-10% of Polygonaceae herbs.

Preferably, the gramineae species are perennial ryegrass and poa annua, and the seed mass ratio is 30% and 15%, respectively.

Preferably, the leguminous plant is perennial red clover and vetch, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 15% and 10% respectively.

Preferably, the compositae plant species is perennial okra, and the seed mass ratio is 7% respectively.

Preferably, the Umbelliferae plant is perennial fructus cnidii, and the mass percentage of the seeds is 8%.

Preferably, the labiatae plant is perennial mint, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 7%.

Preferably, the Polygonaceae plant species is perennial wild buckwheat rhizome, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 8%.

The application of the flower and grass combination in the construction of the artificial plant buffer zone in the young tea garden comprises the following steps:

1) preparing soil, ploughing and raking strip-shaped land among rows of the tea trees for later use;

2) sowing, wherein the plant grass seeds are uniformly mixed according to an optimal proportion and are broadcast in autumn;

3) and (4) maintaining, namely performing irregular weeding according to normal fertilizer and water management of the young tea garden, and ensuring that various sowed plants in the plant buffer zone grow well.

Preferably, the edge of the belt-shaped land left in the step 1) is 15cm away from the base of the tea tree bundle when the land is prepared.

Preferably, step 2) sowing, sowing the mixed grass seeds of the plants by hand, sowing the grass seeds with the weight of 10 g per square meter, sowing the reserved grass seeds in a subsection mode on a grass land area, weighing the grass seeds required by each section separately, uniformly sowing the grass seeds twice in each section, covering soil for 1cm after sowing, and compacting the soil by a rolling machine.

Preferably, during maintenance in the step 3), the soil is ensured to be fully wet within 2-3 weeks after sowing, and water is manually supplemented by about 1cm every week under the drought condition; once malignant weeds (such as dodder, bermuda grass, etc.) can be identified, they are immediately removed manually or mechanically.

The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

the flower and grass combination disclosed by the invention covers 6 families and 8 kinds of herbs, so that the variety is tenacious in vitality and simple to manage and protect. The flower and grass combination is used for constructing an artificial plant buffer zone in a young tea garden, can inhibit the growth of malignant weeds, reconstructs a micro-animal inhabiting and breeding place of the tea garden, increases the species and the individual number of animals, has dense vegetation, is beneficial to the survival of predatory natural enemies, has the ecological functions of repelling tea pests, luring parasitic natural enemies and pollinating insects, continuously controls the pests in each stage of the young tea garden, realizes the non-application of intensive tea garden herbicides and insecticides, supports the green and efficient sustainable development of tea plantation, ensures the quality safety of tea leaves or tea flower products, and beautifies the production environment of the tea garden.

Detailed Description

For better understanding of the essence of the invention, the technical contents of the invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but the contents of the invention are not limited thereto and thus should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

Example 1: preferred combinations of flowers and plants

The preferable flower and grass combination plant species comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 30% of ryegrass of gramineae, 15% of bluegrass, 15% of red clover of leguminosae, 10% of vetch, 7% of solanum dulcamara of compositae, 8% of fructus cnidii of umbelliferae, 7% of mint of labiatae and 8% of wild buckwheat of Polygonaceae.

Example 2: conservation and regulation of young tea garden animals by artificial plant buffer zone

Three test points are selected in an intensive tea tree connected planting area in Fujian province, and the spacing distance of the test points is more than 1 kilometer. Each test point is provided with a treatment plot and a comparison plot in pairs, and the spacing distance between the two plots is more than 2 hundred meters. The treated plot refers to a young tea garden in which a plant buffer zone is constructed between tea plant rows using a preferred combination of flowers and plants, the control plot refers to a young tea garden managed intensively normally, and the use of herbicides and insecticides is prohibited in the treated plot. In four growth seasons of tea trees in one year, arthropod specimens of sample plots are collected by comprehensively utilizing a mechanical insect sucking device and a ground trap, arthropod species are identified, and the quantity of various types is counted. In the investigation, the trematode points and the traps are distributed uniformly, the trematode time of each time is fixed to be 1 minute, and the same number of investigation sample points of the processed plot and the comparison plot is ensured. 16 traps were placed for each treatment and control, the trap sites being simultaneously trematode sites. In the tea tree growing season, 5 rows are selected from each land block, each row is investigated for 3 clumps, 15 clumps of tea trees are marked, then the marked tea trees are fixedly investigated each time, tea geometrid is used for investigating the quantity of branch insects, and the clumps are taken as units; the leaf worm quantity is investigated by tea lesser leafhopper and black mealworm, and the quantity is taken as a unit by branches.

TABLE 1 investigation of arthropod, natural enemy and tea pest development

Note: the data in the table are the average of 3 replicates.

The plant combination has rich varieties, is resistant to shade, and relatively dense for maintaining the vegetation in the buffer zone for a long time. As a result, as shown in Table 1, after constructing an artificial plant buffering zone in a young tea garden with a preferable combination of flowers and plants, arthropod species and number were significantly conserved in both spring festival and winter; in summer and autumn, compared with the situation that malignant weeds among tea tree lines are more, the diversity of animals is relatively low, the vegetation of the artificial plant buffer zone for treating the tea tree lines is dense, and the diversity of the animals is well conserved. At different stages of tea tree one year, natural enemies (such as spiders, bells, ladybugs, parasitic flies, aphid flies, lygus bugs and the like) kept by the artificial plant buffer zone have obvious suppression effect on the populations of tea geometrid, tea lesser leafhopper and tea black mealybugs which are used for treating plots. In the spring tea period and the high emergence period of the tea geometrid, the inhibition rate of the artificial plant buffer zone construction on the emergence of the tea geometrid is 85.0 percent; in summer and autumn tea periods, which are also high-incidence periods of the tea lesser leafhoppers and the tea black trialeurodes vaporariorum, the inhibition rates of the artificial plant buffer zone construction on the tea lesser leafhoppers are 71.1% and 70.4% respectively, and the inhibition rates on the tea black trialeurodes vaporariorum are 71.1% and 73.4% respectively. The comprehensive results show that the construction of the artificial plant buffer zone preserves arthropods in the tea garden, and the preserved multiple natural enemies effectively control main pests of the tea garden, namely tea geometrid, tea lesser leafhopper and tea black mealybugs, and avoid or reduce the use of chemical insecticides.

Claims

1. The flower and grass combination for increasing natural enemies in young tea gardens and controlling pests and the application are characterized in that the flower and grass combination comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40-50% of gramineous herbs, 20-30% of leguminous herbs, 5-10% of compositae herbs, 5-10% of umbelliferae herbs, 5-10% of labiatae herbs and 5-10% of polygonaceae herbs;

preferably, the gramineae plant species are perennial ryegrass and poa annua, and the mass ratio of the seeds is respectively 30% and 15%;

preferably, the leguminous plant is perennial red clover and vetch, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 15% and 10% respectively;

preferably, the compositae plant species is perennial okra, and the mass percentage of the seeds is 7 percent respectively;

preferably, the Umbelliferae plant is perennial fructus cnidii, and the mass percentage of the seeds is 8%;

preferably, the labiatae plant is perennial mint, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 7%;

2. The use of the combination of flowers and plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preferred combination of flowers and plants is suitable for constructing artificial plant buffer zone in young tea garden, and can achieve the effect of increasing natural enemy for preventing and controlling pests.