CN108617558A - A kind of artificial breeding method of juvenile stichopus - Google Patents
A kind of artificial breeding method of juvenile stichopus Download PDFInfo
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- CN108617558A CN108617558A CN201810999526.3A CN201810999526A CN108617558A CN 108617558 A CN108617558 A CN 108617558A CN 201810999526 A CN201810999526 A CN 201810999526A CN 108617558 A CN108617558 A CN 108617558A
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- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229940082787 spirulina Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 claims description 10
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/30—Culture of aquatic animals of sponges, sea urchins or sea cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, and in particular to a kind of artificial breeding method of juvenile stichopus includes the following steps：（1）It selects healthy and strong stichopus japonicus as parent participation, and parent participation is stored up in temporarily being supported in storage pond, holding pond；（2）Induce parent participation oviposition, fertilization；（3）Incubating oosperm；（4）It by attachment base soaking disinfection and is rinsed well, is put into nursery pond with oxalic acid solution, it is made to adhere to the natural bait containing benthic diatom before seed is launched；（5）Fertilized eggs are hatched 20 30 hours in hatchery enters the floating larva stage, and floating larva is assigned to each nursery pond, when the ratio that doliolaria occurs accounts for 15 the 20% of young sum, launches through step（4）The attachment base of processing.It is an advantage of the invention that improving fry quality and survival rate of seedling.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, and in particular to a kind of artificial breeding method of juvenile stichopus.
Background technology
Stichopus japonicus（Stichopus japonicus）It is one kind of sea cucumber, belongs to Holothuroidea（Holothurioidea）, it is life
By the sea to 8000 meters of sea mollusk.Stichopus japonicus is extremely low containing cholesterol, is a kind of typical high protein, low fat, low courage
Sterol food.Modern research shows that stichopus japonicus have improve memory, delay sexual gland aging, prevent artery sclerosis, diabetes and
The effects that antitumor.In recent years, as living standard of urban and rural population is horizontal and the continuous improvement of health care consciousness, the consumption of stichopus japonicus needs
Ask continuous rising.
All parts of the country have started the upsurge of culturing stichopus japonicus at present, with the fast development of apostichopus japonicus culture industry, artificial breeding rule
Mould constantly expands, and yield is continuously improved.But since cultural technique comparatively falls behind, traditional juvenile stichopus is cultivated pattern and is trained
The seed educated there are it is of high cost, easily fall ill, seed viability and survival rate are low, the wasting of resources is larger the problems such as, force practitioner
Prevention and control are carried out using drug, production cost had not only been increased but also had brought hidden danger to Product quality and safety, juvenile stichopus production is made to step into
Vicious circle.Therefore, improvement and Optimal culture technology seek a kind of new juvenile stichopus artificial breeding method, improve nursery life
Hatching rate, survival rate and breeding efficiency in production have positive meaning.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of artificial breeding methods of juvenile stichopus, to solve seed matter in the prior art
Amount is poor, easily falls ill, the problems such as seed viability and survival rate is low.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention uses following technical scheme, a kind of artificial breeding side of juvenile stichopus
Method includes the following steps：
（1）15-20 days before Stichopus Japonicus Selenka to lay eggs peak period, fish that weight 300-400g, gonad development be good, figure in natural marine site
Normally, stichopus japonicus not damaged, without exception is stored up as parent participation, and by parent participation in temporarily being supported in storage pond, holding pond；
（2）Induce parent participation oviposition, fertilization：Induced spawning the previous day stops bait throwing in, and that afternoon of induced spawning selects healthy and strong parent
Selected male ginseng and female ginseng are individually placed in different spawning ponds by ginseng, and parent participation body surface face is rushed with 18 DEG C of filtering seas
Indoor temperature where spawning pond is adjusted to 18-20 DEG C, selected parent participation is then put in airbreak in spawning pond by wash clean
Dry in the shade 60-90min, then with 18 DEG C of filtering sea stimulation by running water 15-30min, is then pierced with 20 DEG C of filtering sea flowing water
Swash 20-30min, then filtering sea to the depth of water of 20 DEG C of injection is 0.6-1.2 meters into spawning pond, waits for Spawning；
（3）The filtering sea that 20 DEG C are injected into each hatchery, fertilized eggs are transferred in hatchery and are hatched, hatching density
Be 3-5/ml to the density of water for fertilized eggs, in hatchery water temperature control ensure dissolved oxygen in 5mg/l or more at 20 DEG C -22 DEG C；
（4）It by attachment base soaking disinfection and is rinsed well, is put into nursery pond with oxalic acid solution, make its attachment before seed is launched
Natural bait containing benthic diatom；
（5）Fertilized eggs are hatched 20-30 hours in hatchery enters the floating larva stage, and floating larva is assigned to each nursery pond,
Water temperature is also controlled at 20 DEG C -22 DEG C in nursery pond, and control floating larva is 0.3-0.5/ml to the density of water；Work as doliolaria
When the ratio of appearance accounts for the 15-20% of young sum, launch through step（4）The attachment base of processing.
The present invention can effectively improve spawning rate and hatchability of fertile eggs and seed survives by selecting high-quality healthy parent participation
Rate；By stepping up flowing water thermal stimulus Stichopus Japonicus Selenka to lay eggs, oviposition success rate can be improved.Water when by adjusting hatching and nursery
Matter condition can improve hatchability of fertile eggs and survival rate of seedling by launching attachment base in proper moment.
Further, parent participation is temporarily supported, during incubating oosperm and seed rearing, and condition of water quality is as follows：Seawater salinity 29-
30 ‰, PH7.8-8.2, continuous micro inflation, dissolved oxygen maintain 5mg/l or more.
Further, the bottom of pond of storage pond, holding pond is placed with things concealed.Be conducive to parent participation and better adapt to storage pond, holding pond environment, Jin Eryou
Good condition of health is maintained conducive to parent participation.
Further, if the attachment base is formed by dried layer attaching frame detachable connection, the attaching frame includes rectangular
The frame structure of body and several corrugated mesh sheet disposed in parallel, mesh sheet is fixed by snap to be connected to cuboid framework
On, the lower end of mesh sheet is fixed with counterweight steel ring, annulus or sleeve is cased on frame, annulus or sleeve can be around frame members.In frame
The effect that annulus or sleeve are arranged on frame is the impact force for buffering flow and stormy waves to mesh sheet and seedling, and then improves seedling
Survival rate.The effect that multilayer attaching frame is set be improve water body utilization rate, by design of net be it is corrugated effect be improve thorn
Join the specific surface area of young attachment, improve the utilization rate of mesh sheet and water body, improves adhesive rate and survival rate.
Further, during temporarily supporting, each bait throwing in is primary sooner or later, and day feeding volume is the 3-5% of parent participation weight, the feed of parent participation
It is prepared by following ingredients：40-50 parts of white fish meal, 25-30 parts of sargassum thunbergii powder, 20-30 parts of ooze, 5-10 parts of dregs of beans, egg
3-5 parts yellow, 2-3 parts of spirulina, 1 part of purslane, bacterial enzyme preparation 0.5-2 parts compound, 1 part of multi-vitamins, 1 part of honey, fish oil 1
Part.The compound bacterial enzyme preparation is prepared by following ingredients：15-20 parts of bacillus, 10-20 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, ocean
2-3 parts of rhodotorula, 2-3 parts of biological small peptides, 2-4 parts of protease, 1-2 parts of amylase.The present invention parent participation mixed feed can be
Stichopus japonicus parent participation provides sufficient nutrition, ensures the health status of parent participation, improves the quality of ovum and sperm, and then improve fertilized eggs
Hatching rate and nursery survival rate, reduce the stichopus japonicus young incidence.
When further, with filtering sea stimulation by running water inducing Stichopus Japonicus Selenka to lay eggs sperm drainage, added in 1-2mg in every liter of seawater
Herbal medicinal product, the Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations are by wormwood, cordate houttuynia, ginger according to 10-12：5-6：The weight ratio of 1-2 is prepared.Tool
Body, the preparation method of the Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations is as follows：
（1）Wormwood, cordate houttuynia and ginger are weighed according to proportioning, load weighted wormwood, cordate houttuynia, ginger are respectively washed totally,
It dries, pulverization；
（2）Wormwood and cordate houttuynia are mixed, proper amount of clear water is added into mixture, it is initial water to be cooked by slow fire to surplus water
1/3-1/2；
（3）The decoction liquor of wormwood and cordate houttuynia is mixed with ginger smalls, is put into water bath with thermostatic control concussion pot, with 200-300rpm
Rotating speed room temperature concussion processing 60-90 minute, then at a temperature of the rotating speed of 500-600rpm, 70~80 DEG C shake handle 40-50
Minute, 2 hours are stood, centrifuging and taking supernatant；
（4）After 4 DEG C of supernatant is protected from light processing 24 hours, pressure is -0.06~-0.08Mpa, temperature is 40~45 DEG C of conditions
Under be concentrated into 1.07~1.10 when the relative density of solution is 45 DEG C, the concentrated liquid of gained is the Chinese herbal medicine system of the present invention
Agent.
The present invention Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations can effective inducing Stichopus Japonicus Selenka to lay eggs, add the present invention Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations, using this
The method induced spawning of invention, induced spawning success rate have no adverse effects 90% or more, and to stichopus japonicus parent participation, do not generate wound
Evil.
Further, the starter diet of the stichopus japonicus young is Chaetoceros, water body Chaetoceros final concentration ten thousand/ml of 2-3, while can
0.2-0.5mg marine yeasts and 0.2-0.5mg bacillus to be added into every liter of water body.
Further, the stichopus japonicus young enters after big ear juvenile stage, feeds spirulina powder, marine yeast and gemma bar
Bacterium feeds 3-4 times daily, and 0.04-0.08mg spirulina powders, the seas 0.1-0.2mg are added in each a concentration of every liter of water body of bait throwing in
Foreign yeast, 0.05-0.06mg bacillus.
Further, when the long 1cm or more of seedling of Apostichopus japonicus body, join breeding phase into children, pond, feed is divided to be changed to match again
It closes based on feed.
By feeding different feeds in the different development stage of the stichopus japonicus young, it is ensured that the nutritional need of the stichopus japonicus young,
The survival rate for improving nursery ensures the healthy growth of stichopus japonicus, reduces incidence.
To sum up, compared with prior art, it is an advantage of the invention that：
（1）The present invention can effectively improve spawning rate and hatchability of fertile eggs and seed survives by selecting high-quality healthy parent participation
Rate；By stepping up flowing water thermal stimulus Stichopus Japonicus Selenka to lay eggs, oviposition success rate can be improved.Water when by adjusting hatching and nursery
Matter condition can improve hatchability of fertile eggs and survival rate of seedling by launching attachment base in proper moment.
（2）The attachment base of the present invention is formed by multilayer attaching frame detachable connection, and assembly and disassembly is convenient, and multilayer is attached
Water body utilization rate can be improved in the structure for frame, by the specific surface that design of net can be improved to the attachment of the stichopus japonicus young for waveform
Product improves the utilization rate of mesh sheet and water body, improves adhesive rate and survival rate.
（3）The parent participation of the present invention can provide sufficient nutrition with mixed feed for stichopus japonicus parent participation, ensure the healthy shape of parent participation
Condition improves the quality of ovum and sperm, and then improves the survival rate of the hatching rate and nursery of fertilized eggs, reduces the hair of the stichopus japonicus young
Sick rate.
（4）The present invention Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations can effective inducing Stichopus Japonicus Selenka to lay eggs, add the present invention Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations, use
The method induced spawning of the present invention, induced spawning success rate have no adverse effects 90% or more, and to stichopus japonicus parent participation, do not generate
Injury.
（5）By feeding different feeds in the different development stage of the stichopus japonicus young, it is ensured that the nutrition of the stichopus japonicus young needs
It asks, improves the survival rate of nursery, ensure the healthy growth of stichopus japonicus, reduce incidence.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the circuit theory schematic diagram of the attaching frame of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional schematic diagram of the attaching frame of the present invention；
In figure：1 attaching frame, 11 frames, 12 mesh sheet, 2 sleeves.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment below facilitates a better understanding of the present invention, but does not limit the present invention.Experiment in following embodiments
Method is unless otherwise specified conventional method.
First, for the ease of being better understood to the present invention, below to initialism of the present invention and Key Term
It makes an explanation and illustrates：Starter diet refers to micro diet, microparticle diet when starting to ingest for the aquiculture animal young.The sea cucumber young point
Microtia, middle ear, big ear, cup type four-stage, young is in floating state in water during this, is the floating larva of stichopus japonicus.Thorn
Join the small particles behind young ginseng point pond and be commonly referred to collectively as children's ginseng, children is usually to start in annual August part or so the ginseng nurturing period.
Embodiment 1
A kind of artificial breeding method of juvenile stichopus, includes the following steps：
（1）15 days before Stichopus Japonicus Selenka to lay eggs peak period, fish that weight 300-400g, gonad development be good, Ti Taizheng in natural marine site
Often, stichopus japonicus not damaged, without exception is stored up as parent participation, and by parent participation in temporarily being supported in storage pond, holding pond, and the bottom of pond of storage pond, holding pond is placed with hidden
Object is covered, during temporarily supporting, the water quality condition in storage pond, holding pond is as follows：Seawater salinity 29-30 ‰, PH7.8-8.2, continuous micro inflation,
Dissolved oxygen maintains 5mg/l or more, 18-20 DEG C of water temperature；
During temporarily supporting, each bait throwing in is primary sooner or later, and day feeding volume is the 3-5% of parent participation weight, and the feed of parent participation is by following ingredients system
It is standby to form：45 parts of white fish meal, 25 parts of sargassum thunbergii powder, 30 parts of ooze, 8 parts of dregs of beans, 5 parts of yolk, 2 parts of spirulina, 1 part of purslane,
1 part of compound bacterial enzyme preparation, 1 part of multi-vitamins, 1 part of honey, 1 part of fish oil, the compound bacterial enzyme preparation is by following ingredients system
It is standby to form：20 parts of bacillus, 10 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 3 parts of ocean rhodotorula, 2 parts of biological small peptides, protease 3 part, amylase 2
Part.
（2）Induce parent participation oviposition, fertilization：Induced spawning the previous day stops bait throwing in, that afternoon 5 of induced spawning:00, choosing
Healthy and strong parent participation is selected, selected male ginseng and female ginseng are individually placed in different spawning ponds, with 18 DEG C of filtering sea parent participation
Body surface face is rinsed well, and the indoor temperature where spawning pond is adjusted to 18-20 DEG C, selected parent participation is then put in oviposition
Airbreak is dried in the shade 60-90min in pond, then with 18 DEG C of filtering sea stimulation by running water 15-30min, then with 20 DEG C of filtering sea
Water stimulation by running water 20-30min, then into spawning pond, filtering sea to the depth of water of 20 DEG C of injection is 0.6-1.2 meters, waits for smart ovum row
It puts；
When with filtering sea stimulation by running water inducing Stichopus Japonicus Selenka to lay eggs sperm drainage, 1mg Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations are added in every liter of seawater, in described
Herbal medicinal product is by wormwood, cordate houttuynia, ginger according to 10：5：2 weight ratio is prepared.Specifically, the Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations
Preparation method is as follows：
1. weighing wormwood, cordate houttuynia and ginger according to proportioning, load weighted wormwood, cordate houttuynia, ginger are respectively washed totally, dried in the air
It is dry, pulverization；
2. wormwood and cordate houttuynia are mixed, proper amount of clear water is added into mixture, it is initial water to be cooked by slow fire to surplus water
1/3-1/2；
3. the decoction liquor of wormwood and cordate houttuynia is mixed with ginger smalls, it is put into water bath with thermostatic control concussion pot, with turning for 300rpm
Fast room temperature concussion processing 80 minutes, then to shake processing 50 minutes at a temperature of the rotating speed of 500rpm, 70~80 DEG C, 2 hours are stood,
Centrifuging and taking supernatant；
4. after 4 DEG C of supernatant is protected from light processing 24 hours, pressure is -0.06~-0.08Mpa, temperature is 40~45 DEG C of conditions
Under be concentrated into solution relative density be 45 DEG C when 1.08, the concentrated liquid of gained is the Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations of the present embodiment；
（3）The filtering sea that 20 DEG C are injected into each hatchery, fertilized eggs are transferred in hatchery and are hatched, hatching density
Be 3-5/ml to the density of water for fertilized eggs, in hatchery water temperature control ensure dissolved oxygen in 5mg/l or more at 20 DEG C -22 DEG C,
Seawater salinity 29-30 ‰, PH7.8-8.2；
（4）It by attachment base soaking disinfection and is rinsed well with oxalic acid solution, is put into nursery pond and adheres to benthic diatom in advance, make it
Adhere to the natural bait containing benthic diatom before seed is launched；
If the attachment base is formed by 1 detachable connection of dried layer attaching frame, as Figure 1-Figure 2, the attaching frame includes length
11 structure of frame of cube and several corrugated mesh sheet 12 disposed in parallel, mesh sheet 12 is fixed by snap be connected to it is rectangular
On body frame, the lower end of mesh sheet is fixed with counterweight steel ring, and sleeve 2 is cased on frame 11, and sleeve can be rotated around frame 11.
（5）Fertilized eggs are hatched 20-30 hours in hatchery enters the floating larva stage, and floating larva is assigned to each nursery
Pond, water temperature is also controlled at 20 DEG C -22 DEG C, seawater salinity 29-30 ‰, PH7.8-8.2 in nursery pond, continuous micro inflation, dissolving
Oxygen maintains 5mg/l or more, and control floating larva is 0.3-0.5/ml to the density of water；When the ratio that doliolaria occurs accounts for
When the 15-20% of young sum, launch through step（4）The attachment base of processing；
The starter diet of the stichopus japonicus young is Chaetoceros, water body Chaetoceros final concentration ten thousand/ml of 2-3, while can be to every liter of water body
Middle addition 0.2-0.5mg marine yeasts and 0.2-0.5mg bacillus；
The stichopus japonicus young enters after big ear juvenile stage, feeds spirulina powder, marine yeast and bacillus, feeds 3-4 daily
It is secondary, 0.04-0.08mg spirulina powders, 0.1-0.2mg marine yeasts, 0.05- are added in each a concentration of every liter of water body of bait throwing in
0.06mg bacillus.
When the long 1cm or more of seedling of Apostichopus japonicus body, join breeding phase into children, divide pond again, feed be changed to be with mixed feed
It is main.
Embodiment 2
A kind of artificial breeding method of juvenile stichopus, includes the following steps：
（1）15 days before Stichopus Japonicus Selenka to lay eggs peak period, fish that weight 300-400g, gonad development be good, Ti Taizheng in natural marine site
Often, stichopus japonicus not damaged, without exception is stored up as parent participation, and by parent participation in temporarily being supported in storage pond, holding pond, and the bottom of pond of storage pond, holding pond is placed with hidden
Object is covered, during temporarily supporting, the water quality condition in storage pond, holding pond is as follows：Seawater salinity 29-30 ‰, PH7.8-8.2, continuous micro inflation,
Dissolved oxygen maintains 5mg/l or more, 18-20 DEG C of water temperature；
During temporarily supporting, each bait throwing in is primary sooner or later, and day feeding volume is the 3-5% of parent participation weight, and the feed of parent participation is by following ingredients system
It is standby to form：50 parts of white fish meal, 30 parts of sargassum thunbergii powder, 25 parts of ooze, 5 parts of dregs of beans, 3 parts of yolk, 3 parts of spirulina, 1 part of purslane,
2 parts of compound bacterial enzyme preparation, 1 part of multi-vitamins, 1 part of honey, 1 part of fish oil, the compound bacterial enzyme preparation is by following ingredients system
It is standby to form：15 parts of bacillus, 15 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 2 parts of ocean rhodotorula, 3 parts of biological small peptides, 2 parts of protease, amylase 1
Part.
（2）Induce parent participation oviposition, fertilization：Induced spawning the previous day stops bait throwing in, that afternoon 6 of induced spawning:00, choosing
Healthy and strong parent participation is selected, selected male ginseng and female ginseng are individually placed in different spawning ponds, with 18 DEG C of filtering sea parent participation
Body surface face is rinsed well, and the indoor temperature where spawning pond is adjusted to 18-20 DEG C, selected parent participation is then put in oviposition
Airbreak is dried in the shade 60-90min in pond, then with 18 DEG C of filtering sea stimulation by running water 15-30min, then with 20 DEG C of filtering sea
Water stimulation by running water 20-30min, then into spawning pond, filtering sea to the depth of water of 20 DEG C of injection is 0.6-1.2 meters, waits for smart ovum row
It puts；
When with filtering sea stimulation by running water inducing Stichopus Japonicus Selenka to lay eggs sperm drainage, 1mg Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations are added in every liter of seawater, in described
Herbal medicinal product is by wormwood, cordate houttuynia, ginger according to 12：5：1 weight ratio is prepared.Specifically, the Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations
Preparation method is as follows：
1. weighing wormwood, cordate houttuynia and ginger according to proportioning, load weighted wormwood, cordate houttuynia, ginger are respectively washed totally, dried in the air
It is dry, pulverization；
2. wormwood and cordate houttuynia are mixed, proper amount of clear water is added into mixture, it is initial water to be cooked by slow fire to surplus water
1/3-1/2；
3. the decoction liquor of wormwood and cordate houttuynia is mixed with ginger smalls, it is put into water bath with thermostatic control concussion pot, with turning for 300rpm
Fast room temperature concussion processing 90 minutes, then to shake processing 50 minutes at a temperature of the rotating speed of 400rpm, 70~80 DEG C, 2 hours are stood,
Centrifuging and taking supernatant；
4. after 4 DEG C of supernatant is protected from light processing 24 hours, pressure is -0.06~-0.08Mpa, temperature is 40~45 DEG C of conditions
Under be concentrated into solution relative density be 45 DEG C when 1.08, the concentrated liquid of gained is the Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations of the present embodiment；
（3）The filtering sea that 20 DEG C are injected into each hatchery, fertilized eggs are transferred in hatchery and are hatched, hatching density
Be 3-5/ml to the density of water for fertilized eggs, in hatchery water temperature control ensure dissolved oxygen in 5mg/l or more at 20 DEG C -22 DEG C,
Seawater salinity 29-30 ‰, PH7.8-8.2；
（4）It by attachment base soaking disinfection and is rinsed well with oxalic acid solution, is put into nursery pond and adheres to benthic diatom in advance, make it
Adhere to the natural bait containing benthic diatom before seed is launched；
If the attachment base is formed by 1 detachable connection of dried layer attaching frame, as Figure 1-Figure 2, the attaching frame includes length
11 structure of frame of cube and several corrugated mesh sheet 12 disposed in parallel, mesh sheet 12 is fixed by snap be connected to it is rectangular
On body frame, the lower end of mesh sheet is fixed with counterweight steel ring, and sleeve 2 is cased on frame 11, and sleeve can be rotated around frame 11.
（5）Fertilized eggs are hatched 20-30 hours in hatchery enters the floating larva stage, and floating larva is assigned to each nursery
Pond, water temperature is also controlled at 20 DEG C -22 DEG C, seawater salinity 29-30 ‰, PH7.8-8.2 in nursery pond, continuous micro inflation, dissolving
Oxygen maintains 5mg/l or more, and control floating larva is 0.3-0.5/ml to the density of water；When the ratio that doliolaria occurs accounts for
When the 15-20% of young sum, launch through step（4）The attachment base of processing；
The starter diet of the stichopus japonicus young is Chaetoceros, water body Chaetoceros final concentration ten thousand/ml of 2-3, while can be to every liter of water body
Middle addition 0.2-0.5mg marine yeasts and 0.2-0.5mg bacillus；
The stichopus japonicus young enters after big ear juvenile stage, feeds spirulina powder, marine yeast and bacillus, feeds 3-4 daily
It is secondary, 0.04-0.08mg spirulina powders, 0.1-0.2mg marine yeasts, 0.05- are added in each a concentration of every liter of water body of bait throwing in
0.06mg bacillus.
When the long 1cm or more of seedling of Apostichopus japonicus body, join breeding phase into children, divide pond again, feed be changed to be with mixed feed
It is main.
Contrast experiment and experimental result
Research experiment in first arrival in June, 2014 in by the end of October, 2014, first arrival in June, 2,015 2015 is at the beginning of 11 months, at the beginning of 6 months 2016
To in the Haiyang City towns the Liu Ge villages little Tan explore and test repeatedly during at the beginning of 11 months 2016, and in early June, 2017 extremely
It has carried out that experiment, setting is examined to examine the processing of experiment as follows in by the end of October, 2017：With the artificial breeding of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2
Educate method as experimental group, using common artificial breeding method as control group, each test group and experimental group separately design 3 it is parallel
Experiment.Specifically, the step of artificial breeding method of control group is as follows：
（1）15 days before Stichopus Japonicus Selenka to lay eggs peak period, fish that weight 300-400g, gonad development be good, Ti Taizheng in natural marine site
Often, stichopus japonicus not damaged, without exception is stored up as parent participation, and by parent participation in temporarily being supported in storage pond, holding pond, and the bottom of pond of storage pond, holding pond is placed with hidden
Object is covered, during temporarily supporting, the water quality condition in storage pond, holding pond is as follows：Seawater salinity 29-30 ‰, PH7.8-8.2, continuous micro inflation,
Dissolved oxygen maintains 5mg/l or more, 18-20 DEG C of water temperature；
During temporarily supporting, each bait throwing in is primary sooner or later, and day feeding volume is the 3-5% of parent participation weight, and the feed of parent participation grinds for sargassum thunbergii
Liquid；The daily water that respectively changes sooner or later is primary, and each quantity of exchanged water is 1/3 or so, changes water temperature difference and is not more than 1 DEG C, in time the excretion of removing bottom of pond
Object and residual bait.
（2）Induce parent participation oviposition, fertilization：Induced spawning the previous day stops bait throwing in, that afternoon 6 of induced spawning:00, choosing
Healthy and strong parent participation is selected, selected male ginseng and female ginseng are individually placed in different spawning ponds, with 18 DEG C of filtering sea parent participation
Body surface face is rinsed well, and the indoor temperature where spawning pond is adjusted to 18 DEG C, selected parent participation is then put in spawning pond
Middle airbreak is dried in the shade 90min, then with 18 DEG C of filtering sea stimulation by running water 20-30min, then with 18 DEG C of filtering sea flowing water
20-30min is stimulated, then filtering sea to the depth of water of 18 DEG C of injection is 1 meter into spawning pond, waits for Spawning；Parent participation oviposition by
Parent participation is removed in time after essence, it is multiple to wash ovum repeatedly with the clean seawater by sand filtration disinfection at this time, until water become it is clear into
Only；
（3）The filtering sea that 20 DEG C are injected into each hatchery, fertilized eggs are transferred in hatchery and are hatched, hatching density
Be 3-5/ml to the density of water for fertilized eggs, in hatchery water temperature control ensure dissolved oxygen in 5mg/l or more at 20 DEG C -22 DEG C,
Seawater salinity 29-30 ‰, PH7.8-8.2；
（4）With oxalic acid solution by corrugated plating（Attachment base）Soaking disinfection is simultaneously rinsed well, and the ratio of cup type young accounts in the young
To all young 20 or more percent when, start launch sea cucumber corrugated plating, for acquiring young ginseng.
Experiment shows in the experimental group of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 that parent participation oviposition induction success rate is compareed 90% or more
The parent participation oviposition induction success rate of group only has 50%-70% or so；In the experimental group of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, hatchability of fertile eggs
94.8% or more, the hatchability of fertile eggs of control group is only 40-60% or so；In control group, when being developed to the big ear young, control
The young density of group is reduced to about 100,000/ton seawater, and the average young density of experimental group is about 42.6 ten thousand/ton seawater.It is floating
Larval culture is swum after 6-10 days, some stichopus japonicus of the stichopus japonicus of experimental group has been developed to pentactula, and the overwhelming majority is
Cup row juvenile stage, the big ear young quantity of deformity is few, and most young can successfully adhere to.After floating larva is cultivated 6-10 days,
The stichopus japonicus overwhelming majority of control group is also cup row juvenile stage, some stichopus japonicus is still in the big ear young, the big ear young of deformity
Accounting about 10-25% or so.In experimental group, from the microtia young to long 400-500 μm young ginseng stage weed survival rate of body 81.5%
More than, plantlet stage weed survival rate from the long 400-500 μm young ginseng stage of body to the long 1cm of average body is 90.3% or more, nursery
Period children ginseng is in a good state of health, and is not necessarily to administration of antibiotics class or other drugs.In control group, from the microtia young to the long 400- of body
500 μm of young ginseng stage weed survival rates are less than 30%, from the long 400-500 μm young ginseng stage of body to the plantlet stage of the long 1cm of average body
Weed survival rate is less than 60%.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that：For the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvement can also be made, these improvement should be regarded as the guarantor of the present invention
Protect range.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of artificial breeding method of juvenile stichopus, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
（1）15-20 days before Stichopus Japonicus Selenka to lay eggs peak period, fish that weight 300-400g, gonad development be good, figure in natural marine site
Normally, stichopus japonicus not damaged, without exception is stored up as parent participation, and by parent participation in temporarily being supported in storage pond, holding pond；
（2）Induce parent participation oviposition, fertilization：Induced spawning the previous day stops bait throwing in, and that afternoon of induced spawning selects healthy and strong parent
Selected male ginseng and female ginseng are individually placed in different spawning ponds by ginseng, and parent participation body surface face is rushed with 18 DEG C of filtering seas
Indoor temperature where spawning pond is adjusted to 18-20 DEG C, selected parent participation is then put in airbreak in spawning pond by wash clean
Dry in the shade 60-90min, then with 18 DEG C of filtering sea stimulation by running water 15-30min, is then pierced with 20 DEG C of filtering sea flowing water
Swash 20-30min, then filtering sea to the depth of water of 20 DEG C of injection is 0.6-1.2 meters into spawning pond, waits for Spawning；
（3）The filtering sea that 20 DEG C are injected into each hatchery, fertilized eggs are transferred in hatchery and are hatched, hatching density
Be 3-5/ml to the density of water for fertilized eggs, in hatchery water temperature control ensure dissolved oxygen in 5mg/l or more at 20 DEG C -22 DEG C；
（4）It by attachment base soaking disinfection and is rinsed well, is put into nursery pond with oxalic acid solution, make its attachment before seed is launched
Natural bait containing benthic diatom；
（5）Fertilized eggs are hatched 20-30 hours in hatchery enters the floating larva stage, and floating larva is assigned to each nursery pond,
Water temperature is also controlled at 20 DEG C -22 DEG C in nursery pond, and control floating larva is 0.3-0.5/ml to the density of water；Work as doliolaria
When the ratio of appearance accounts for the 15-20% of young sum, launch through step（4）The attachment base of processing.
2. the artificial breeding method of juvenile stichopus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Parent participation is temporarily supported, fertilized eggs are incubated
Change with during seed rearing, condition of water quality is as follows：Seawater salinity 29-30 ‰, PH7.8-8.2, continuous micro inflation, dissolved oxygen
Maintain 5mg/l or more.
3. the artificial breeding method of juvenile stichopus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The bottom of pond of storage pond, holding pond is placed with hidden
Cover object.
4. the artificial breeding method of juvenile stichopus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：If the attachment base is by dried layer
Attaching frame detachable connection forms, and the attaching frame includes the frame structure and several waveforms disposed in parallel of cuboid
Mesh sheet, mesh sheet is fixed by snap to be connected in cuboid framework, and the lower end of mesh sheet is fixed with counterweight steel ring, is cased on frame
Annulus or sleeve, annulus or sleeve can be around frame members.
5. the artificial breeding method of juvenile stichopus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is sooner or later each to throw during temporarily supporting
Bait is primary, and day feeding volume is the 3-5% of parent participation weight, and the feed of parent participation is prepared by following ingredients：40-50 parts of white fish meal,
25-30 parts of sargassum thunbergii powder, 20-30 parts of ooze, 5-10 parts of dregs of beans, 3-5 parts of yolk, 2-3 parts of spirulina, 1 part of purslane, compound bacteria
0.5-2 parts of enzyme preparation, 1 part of multi-vitamins, 1 part of honey, 1 part of fish oil, the compound bacterial enzyme preparation are prepared by following ingredients
It forms：15-20 parts of bacillus, 10-20 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 2-3 parts of ocean rhodotorula, 2-3 parts of biological small peptides, protease 2-4
Part, 1-2 parts of amylase.
6. the artificial breeding method of juvenile stichopus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：With filtering sea stimulation by running water
When inducing Stichopus Japonicus Selenka to lay eggs sperm drainage, 1-2mg Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations are added in every liter of seawater, the Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations are by wormwood, fish raw meat
Grass, ginger are according to 10-12：5-6：The weight ratio of 1-2 is prepared.
7. the artificial breeding method of juvenile stichopus according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The system of the Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations
Preparation Method is as follows：
（1）Wormwood, cordate houttuynia and ginger are weighed according to proportioning, load weighted wormwood, cordate houttuynia, ginger are respectively washed totally,
It dries, pulverization；
（2）Wormwood and cordate houttuynia are mixed, proper amount of clear water is added into mixture, it is initial water to be cooked by slow fire to surplus water
1/3-1/2；
（3）The decoction liquor of wormwood and cordate houttuynia is mixed with ginger smalls, is put into water bath with thermostatic control concussion pot, with 200-300rpm
Rotating speed room temperature concussion processing 60-90 minute, then at a temperature of the rotating speed of 500-600rpm, 70~80 DEG C shake handle 40-50
Minute, 2 hours are stood, centrifuging and taking supernatant；
（4）After 4 DEG C of supernatant is protected from light processing 24 hours, pressure is -0.06~-0.08Mpa, temperature is 40~45 DEG C of conditions
Under be concentrated into 1.07~1.10 when the relative density of solution is 45 DEG C, the concentrated liquid of gained is the Chinese herbal medicine system of the present invention
Agent.
8. the artificial breeding method of juvenile stichopus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The starter diet of the stichopus japonicus young
For Chaetoceros, water body Chaetoceros final concentration ten thousand/ml of 2-3, while be added into every liter of water body 0.2-0.5mg marine yeasts and
0.2-0.5mg bacillus.
9. the artificial breeding method of juvenile stichopus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The stichopus japonicus young enters big ear children
After the body stage, spirulina powder, marine yeast and bacillus are fed, is fed 3-4 times daily, each a concentration of every liter of water of bait throwing in
0.04-0.08mg spirulina powders, 0.1-0.2mg marine yeasts, 0.05-0.06mg bacillus are added in body.
10. the artificial breeding method of the juvenile stichopus according to any one of claim 1-9, it is characterised in that：Stichopus japonicus children
When the long 1cm or more of seedling body, joins breeding phase into children, pond, feed is divided to be changed to based on mixed feed again.
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| CN110447579A (en) * | 2019-08-31 | 2019-11-15 | 中国海洋大学 | It is a kind of suitable for close spiral shell cultivate and larvae rearing device and method |
| CN110637777A (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2020-01-03 | 杨桂连 | Three-dimensional high-density aquatic product breeding and seedling raising device |
| CN112425537A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-03-02 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Method for improving survival rate and attachment rate of young apostichopus japonicas by adding alpha-amylase and application of method |
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| CN113575476A (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-11-02 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Parent ginseng in-situ spawning induction device and in-situ spawning induction method |
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| CN110447579A (en) * | 2019-08-31 | 2019-11-15 | 中国海洋大学 | It is a kind of suitable for close spiral shell cultivate and larvae rearing device and method |
| CN110637777A (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2020-01-03 | 杨桂连 | Three-dimensional high-density aquatic product breeding and seedling raising device |
| CN112425537A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-03-02 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Method for improving survival rate and attachment rate of young apostichopus japonicas by adding alpha-amylase and application of method |
| CN112425537B (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-12-10 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Method for improving survival rate and attachment rate of young apostichopus japonicas by adding alpha-amylase and application of method |
| CN112655637A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-16 | 广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所 | Method for improving tropical sea cucumber culture pond and utilization rate of parent sea cucumber through multiple induced spawning and multiple attachment |
| CN113575476A (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-11-02 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Parent ginseng in-situ spawning induction device and in-situ spawning induction method |
| CN115413612A (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2022-12-02 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Non-irritant gathering and spawning method for holothuria leucospilota |
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