CN108617558B - A kind of artificial breeding method of juvenile stichopus - Google Patents
A kind of artificial breeding method of juvenile stichopus Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/30—Culture of aquatic animals of sponges, sea urchins or sea cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, and in particular to a kind of artificial breeding method of juvenile stichopus, comprising the following steps: (1) select healthy and strong stichopus japonicus as parent participation, and parent participation is stored up in temporarily supporting in storage pond, holding pond；(2) induction parent participation oviposition, fertilization；(3) incubating oosperm；(4) it by attachment base soaking disinfection and is rinsed well, is put into nursery pond with oxalic acid solution, it is made to adhere to the natural bait containing benthic diatom before seed is launched；(5) fertilized eggs are hatched 20-30 hours in hatchery enters the floating larva stage, and floating larva is assigned to each nursery pond, when the ratio that doliolaria occurs accounts for the 15-20% of young sum, launches the attachment base handled through step (4).It is an advantage of the invention that improving fry quality and survival rate of seedling.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, and in particular to a kind of artificial breeding method of juvenile stichopus.
Background technique
Stichopus japonicus (Stichopus japonicus) be sea cucumber one kind, belong to Holothuroidea (Holothurioidea), it is life
By the sea to 8000 meters of sea mollusk.Stichopus japonicus is extremely low containing cholesterol, is a kind of typical high protein, low fat, low gallbladder
Sterol food.Modern research shows that stichopus japonicus have improve memory, delay sexual gland aging, prevent artery sclerosis, diabetes and
The effects of antitumor.In recent years, as living standard of urban and rural population is horizontal and the continuous improvement of health care consciousness, the consumption of stichopus japonicus is needed
Ask continuous rising.
All parts of the country have started the upsurge of culturing stichopus japonicus at present, with the fast development of apostichopus japonicus culture industry, artificial breeding rule
Mould constantly expands, and yield is continuously improved.But since cultural technique comparatively falls behind, traditional juvenile stichopus is cultivated mode and is trained
The seed educated there are it is at high cost, easily fall ill, seed viability and survival rate are low, the wasting of resources is larger the problems such as, force practitioner
It applies drug and carries out prevention and control, not only increased production cost but also brought hidden danger to Product quality and safety, step into juvenile stichopus production
Vicious circle.Therefore, improvement and Optimal culture technology seek a kind of new juvenile stichopus artificial breeding method, it is raw to improve nursery
Hatching rate, survival rate and breeding efficiency in production have positive meaning.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of artificial breeding methods of juvenile stichopus, to solve seed matter in the prior art
Measure it is poor, easily fall ill, the problems such as seed viability and survival rate is low.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention uses following technical scheme, a kind of artificial breeding side of juvenile stichopus
Method, comprising the following steps:
(1) 15-20 days before Stichopus Japonicus Selenka to lay eggs peak period, fished in natural sea area weight 300-400g, gonad development it is good,
Normal, not damaged, the without exception stichopus japonicus of posture is stored up as parent participation, and by parent participation in temporarily supporting in storage pond, holding pond；
(2) induction parent participation oviposition, fertilization: stop bait throwing on the day before induced spawning, that afternoon of induced spawning, selection is strong
Strong parent participation, selected male ginseng and female ginseng is individually placed in different spawning ponds, with 18 DEG C of filtering seas parent participation body surface
Face is rinsed well, and the room temperature where spawning pond is adjusted to 18-20 DEG C, then selected parent participation is put in spawning pond
Airbreak is dried in the shade 60-90min, then with 18 DEG C of filtering sea stimulation by running water 15-30min, then with 20 DEG C of filtering sea stream
Spun lacing swashs 20-30min, then filtering sea to the depth of water of 20 DEG C of injection is 0.6-1.2 meters into spawning pond, to Spawning；
(3) filtering sea that 20 DEG C are injected into each hatchery, fertilized eggs are transferred in hatchery and are hatched, and are hatched
Density is that fertilized eggs are 3-5/ml to the density of water, and water temperature control guarantees dissolved oxygen in 5mg/l at 20 DEG C -22 DEG C in hatchery
More than；
(4) it by attachment base soaking disinfection and is rinsed well, is put into nursery pond with oxalic acid solution, make it before seed is launched
Adhere to the natural bait containing benthic diatom；
(5) fertilized eggs are hatched 20-30 hours in hatchery enters the floating larva stage, and floating larva is assigned to each nursery
Pond, water temperature is also controlled at 20 DEG C -22 DEG C in nursery pond, and control floating larva is 0.3-0.5/ml to the density of water；When cup shape
When the ratio that the young occurs accounts for the 15-20% of young sum, the attachment base handled through step (4) is launched.
The present invention can effectively improve spawning rate and hatchability of fertile eggs and seed survives by selecting high-quality healthy parent participation
Rate；By stepping up flowing water thermal stimulus Stichopus Japonicus Selenka to lay eggs, oviposition success rate can be improved.Water when by adjusting hatching and nursery
Matter condition can improve hatchability of fertile eggs and survival rate of seedling by launching attachment base in proper moment.
Further, parent participation is temporarily supported, during incubating oosperm and seed rearing, and condition of water quality is as follows: seawater salinity 29-
30 ‰, PH7.8-8.2, continuous micro inflation, dissolved oxygen maintain 5mg/l or more.
Further, the bottom of pond of storage pond, holding pond is placed with things concealed.Be conducive to parent participation and better adapt to storage pond, holding pond environment, Jin Eryou
Good condition of health is maintained conducive to parent participation.
Further, the attachment base is formed by several layers attaching frame detachable connection, and the attaching frame includes rectangular
The frame structure of body and several wavy mesh sheet disposed in parallel, mesh sheet is fixed by snap to be connected to cuboid framework
On, the lower end of mesh sheet is fixed with counterweight steel ring, annulus or sleeve is cased on frame, annulus or sleeve can be around frame members.In frame
The effect that annulus or sleeve are arranged on frame is to buffer water flow and stormy waves to the impact force of mesh sheet and seedling, and then improve seedling
Survival rate.Be arranged multilayer attaching frame effect be improve water body utilization rate, by design of net be it is wavy effect be improve thorn
Join the specific surface area of young attachment, improve the utilization rate of mesh sheet and water body, improves adhesive rate and survival rate.
Further, during temporarily supporting, each bait throwing in is primary sooner or later, and day feeding volume is the 3-5% of parent participation weight, the feed of parent participation
It is prepared by following ingredients: 40-50 parts of white fish meal, 25-30 parts of sargassum thunbergii powder, 20-30 parts of ooze, 5-10 parts of dregs of beans, egg
3-5 parts yellow, 2-3 parts of spirulina, 1 part of purslane, bacterial enzyme preparation 0.5-2 parts compound, 1 part of multi-vitamins, 1 part of honey, fish oil 1
Part.The compound bacterial enzyme preparation is prepared by following ingredients: 15-20 parts of bacillus, 10-20 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, ocean
2-3 parts of rhodotorula, 2-3 parts of biological small peptides, 2-4 parts of protease, 1-2 parts of amylase.Parent participation mixed feed of the invention can be
Stichopus japonicus parent participation provides sufficient nutrition, guarantees the health status of parent participation, improves the quality of ovum and sperm, and then improve fertilized eggs
Hatching rate and nursery survival rate, reduce the stichopus japonicus young disease incidence.
When further, with filtering sea stimulation by running water inducing Stichopus Japonicus Selenka to lay eggs sperm drainage, added in 1-2mg in every liter of seawater
Herbal medicinal product, the Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations are prepared by wormwood, cordate houttuynia, ginger according to the weight ratio of 10-12:5-6:1-2.Tool
Body, the Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations the preparation method is as follows:
(1) wormwood, cordate houttuynia and ginger are weighed according to the proportion, load weighted wormwood, cordate houttuynia, ginger are respectively washed dry
Only, it dries, pulverization；
(2) wormwood and cordate houttuynia are mixed, proper amount of clear water is added into mixture, it is initial for being cooked by slow fire to surplus water
The 1/3-1/2 of water；
(3) decoction liquor of wormwood and cordate houttuynia is mixed with ginger smalls, is put into water bath with thermostatic control concussion pot, with 200-
The revolving speed room temperature concussion of 300rpm processing 60-90 minutes, then handled with concussion at a temperature of the revolving speed of 500-600rpm, 70~80 DEG C
40-50 minutes, 2 hours are stood, centrifuging and taking supernatant；
(4) after being protected from light processing 24 hours for 4 DEG C of supernatant, pressure is -0.06~-0.08Mpa, temperature is 40~45 DEG C
Under the conditions of be concentrated into solution relative density be 45 DEG C when 1.07~1.10, resulting concentrated liquid is Chinese herbal medicine of the invention
Preparation.
Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations of the invention can effective inducing Stichopus Japonicus Selenka to lay eggs, add Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations of the invention, using this
The method induced spawning of invention, induced spawning success rate have no adverse effects 90% or more, and to stichopus japonicus parent participation, do not generate wound
Evil.
Further, the starter diet of the stichopus japonicus young is Chaetoceros, water body Chaetoceros final concentration ten thousand/ml of 2-3, while can
0.2-0.5mg marine yeast and 0.2-0.5mg bacillus to be added into every liter of water body.
Further, the stichopus japonicus young enters after big ear juvenile stage, feeds spirulina powder, marine yeast and gemma bar
Bacterium feeds 3-4 times daily, and each bait throwing in concentration is that 0.04-0.08mg spirulina powder, the sea 0.1-0.2mg are added in every liter of water body
Foreign yeast, 0.05-0.06mg bacillus.
Further, when the long 1cm or more of seedling of Apostichopus japonicus body, join breeding phase into children, divide pond again, feed is changed to match
It closes based on feed.
By feeding different feeds in the different development stage of the stichopus japonicus young, it is ensured that the nutritional need of the stichopus japonicus young,
The survival rate for improving nursery guarantees the healthy growth of stichopus japonicus, reduces disease incidence.
To sum up, compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that
(1) present invention can effectively improve spawning rate and hatchability of fertile eggs and seed by selecting high-quality healthy parent participation
Survival rate；By stepping up flowing water thermal stimulus Stichopus Japonicus Selenka to lay eggs, oviposition success rate can be improved.When by adjusting hatching and nursery
Condition of water quality, by proper moment launch attachment base, hatchability of fertile eggs and survival rate of seedling can be improved.
(2) attachment base of the invention is formed by multilayer attaching frame detachable connection, and assembly and disassembly is convenient, and multilayer is attached
The structure of frame water body utilization rate can be improved, by being the attachment of the stichopus japonicus young can be improved in waveform specific surface by design of net
Product improves the utilization rate of mesh sheet and water body, improves adhesive rate and survival rate.
(3) parent participation of the invention can provide sufficient nutrition with mixed feed for stichopus japonicus parent participation, guarantee the healthy shape of parent participation
Condition improves the quality of ovum and sperm, and then improves the hatching rate of fertilized eggs and the survival rate of nursery, reduces the hair of the stichopus japonicus young
Sick rate.
(4) Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations of the invention can effective inducing Stichopus Japonicus Selenka to lay eggs, add Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations of the invention, use
Method induced spawning of the invention, induced spawning success rate have no adverse effects 90% or more, and to stichopus japonicus parent participation, do not generate
Injury.
(5) by feeding different feeds in the different development stage of the stichopus japonicus young, it is ensured that the nutrition of the stichopus japonicus young needs
It asks, improves the survival rate of nursery, guarantee the healthy growth of stichopus japonicus, reduce disease incidence.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the circuit theory schematic diagram of attaching frame of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional schematic diagram of attaching frame of the invention；
In figure: 1 attaching frame, 11 frames, 12 mesh sheet, 2 sleeves.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment below facilitates a better understanding of the present invention, but does not limit the present invention.Experiment in following embodiments
Method is unless otherwise specified conventional method.
Firstly, for the ease of being better understood to the present invention, below to initialism of the present invention and Key Term
Make an explanation and illustrate: starter diet refers to micro diet, microparticle diet when starting to ingest for the aquiculture animal young.The sea cucumber young point
Microtia, middle ear, big ear, cup type four-stage, it is the floating larva of stichopus japonicus that young, which is in floating state in water, during this.Thorn
Small particles after joining young ginseng point pond is commonly referred to collectively as children's ginseng, and children is usually to start in annual August part or so the ginseng nurturing period.
Embodiment 1
A kind of artificial breeding method of juvenile stichopus, comprising the following steps:
(1) 15 days before Stichopus Japonicus Selenka to lay eggs peak period, fish that weight 300-400g, gonad development be good, body in natural sea area
Normal, not damaged, the without exception stichopus japonicus of state is stored up as parent participation, and by parent participation in temporarily supporting in storage pond, holding pond, and the bottom of pond of storage pond, holding pond is put
There is things concealed, during temporarily supporting, the water quality condition in storage pond, holding pond is as follows: seawater salinity 29-30 ‰, PH7.8-8.2, continuous micro fills
Gas, dissolved oxygen maintain 5mg/l or more, and 18-20 DEG C of water temperature；
During temporarily supporting, each bait throwing in is primary sooner or later, and day feeding volume is the 3-5% of parent participation weight, and the feed of parent participation is by following each group
Divide and be prepared: 45 parts of white fish meal, 25 parts of sargassum thunbergii powder, 30 parts of ooze, 8 parts of dregs of beans, 5 parts of yolk, 2 parts of spirulina, purslane 1
Part, 1 part of compound bacterial enzyme preparation, 1 part of multi-vitamins, 1 part of honey, 1 part of fish oil, the compound bacterial enzyme preparation is by following ingredients
It is prepared: 20 parts of bacillus, 10 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 3 parts of ocean rhodotorula, 2 parts of biological small peptides, protease 3 part, amylase
2 parts.
(2) induction parent participation oviposition, fertilization: stop bait throwing in, that afternoon 5:00 of induced spawning, choosing on the day before induced spawning
Healthy and strong parent participation is selected, selected male ginseng and female ginseng are individually placed in different spawning ponds, with 18 DEG C of filtering sea parent participation
Body surface face is rinsed well, and the room temperature where spawning pond is adjusted to 18-20 DEG C, selected parent participation is then put in oviposition
Airbreak is dried in the shade 60-90min in pond, then with 18 DEG C of filtering sea stimulation by running water 15-30min, then with 20 DEG C of filtering sea
Water stimulation by running water 20-30min, then into spawning pond, filtering sea to the depth of water of 20 DEG C of injection is 0.6-1.2 meters, is arranged to smart ovum
It puts；
When with filtering sea stimulation by running water inducing Stichopus Japonicus Selenka to lay eggs sperm drainage, 1mg Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations, institute are added in every liter of seawater
It states Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations and is prepared by wormwood, cordate houttuynia, ginger according to the weight ratio of 10:5:2.Specifically, the Chinese herbal medicine system
Agent the preparation method is as follows:
1. weighing wormwood, cordate houttuynia and ginger according to the proportion, load weighted wormwood, cordate houttuynia, ginger are respectively washed dry
Only, it dries, pulverization；
2. wormwood and cordate houttuynia are mixed, proper amount of clear water is added into mixture, it is initial for being cooked by slow fire to surplus water
The 1/3-1/2 of water；
3. the decoction liquor of wormwood and cordate houttuynia is mixed with ginger smalls, it is put into water bath with thermostatic control concussion pot, with 300rpm
Revolving speed room temperature concussion processing 80 minutes, then at a temperature of the revolving speed of 500rpm, 70~80 DEG C shake processing 50 minutes, stand 2
Hour, centrifuging and taking supernatant；
4. after being protected from light processing 24 hours for 4 DEG C of supernatant, pressure is -0.06~-0.08Mpa, temperature is 40~45 DEG C
Under the conditions of be concentrated into solution relative density be 45 DEG C when 1.08, resulting concentrated liquid is the Chinese herbal medicine system of the present embodiment
Agent；
(3) filtering sea that 20 DEG C are injected into each hatchery, fertilized eggs are transferred in hatchery and are hatched, and are hatched
Density is that fertilized eggs are 3-5/ml to the density of water, and water temperature control guarantees dissolved oxygen in 5mg/l at 20 DEG C -22 DEG C in hatchery
More than, seawater salinity 29-30 ‰, PH7.8-8.2；
(4) it by attachment base soaking disinfection and is rinsed well with oxalic acid solution, is put into nursery pond and adheres to benthic diatom in advance,
It is set to adhere to the natural bait containing benthic diatom before seed is launched；
The attachment base is formed by 1 detachable connection of several layers attaching frame, as Figure 1-Figure 2, the attaching frame packet
11 structure of frame and several wavy mesh sheet 12 disposed in parallel of cuboid are included, mesh sheet 12 is fixed by snap to be connected to
In cuboid framework, the lower end of mesh sheet is fixed with counterweight steel ring, and sleeve 2 is cased on frame 11, and sleeve can be rotated around frame 11.
(5) fertilized eggs are hatched 20-30 hours in hatchery enters the floating larva stage, and floating larva is assigned to each nursery
Pond, water temperature also controls the continuous micro inflation at 20 DEG C -22 DEG C, seawater salinity 29-30 ‰, PH7.8-8.2, dissolution in nursery pond
Oxygen maintains 5mg/l or more, and control floating larva is 0.3-0.5/ml to the density of water；When the ratio that doliolaria occurs accounts for
When the 15-20% of young sum, the attachment base handled through step (4) is launched；
The starter diet of the stichopus japonicus young is Chaetoceros, water body Chaetoceros final concentration ten thousand/ml of 2-3, while can be to every liter
0.2-0.5mg marine yeast and 0.2-0.5mg bacillus are added in water body；
The stichopus japonicus young enters after big ear juvenile stage, feeds spirulina powder, marine yeast and bacillus, feeds daily
3-4 times, each bait throwing in concentration is that 0.04-0.08mg spirulina powder, 0.1-0.2mg marine yeast, 0.05- are added in every liter of water body
0.06mg bacillus.
When the long 1cm or more of seedling of Apostichopus japonicus body, join breeding phase into children, divide pond again, feed be changed to be with mixed feed
It is main.
Embodiment 2
A kind of artificial breeding method of juvenile stichopus, comprising the following steps:
(1) 15 days before Stichopus Japonicus Selenka to lay eggs peak period, fish that weight 300-400g, gonad development be good, body in natural sea area
Normal, not damaged, the without exception stichopus japonicus of state is stored up as parent participation, and by parent participation in temporarily supporting in storage pond, holding pond, and the bottom of pond of storage pond, holding pond is put
There is things concealed, during temporarily supporting, the water quality condition in storage pond, holding pond is as follows: seawater salinity 29-30 ‰, PH7.8-8.2, continuous micro fills
Gas, dissolved oxygen maintain 5mg/l or more, and 18-20 DEG C of water temperature；
During temporarily supporting, each bait throwing in is primary sooner or later, and day feeding volume is the 3-5% of parent participation weight, and the feed of parent participation is by following each group
Divide and be prepared: 50 parts of white fish meal, 30 parts of sargassum thunbergii powder, 25 parts of ooze, 5 parts of dregs of beans, 3 parts of yolk, 3 parts of spirulina, purslane 1
Part, 2 parts of compound bacterial enzyme preparation, 1 part of multi-vitamins, 1 part of honey, 1 part of fish oil, the compound bacterial enzyme preparation is by following ingredients
It is prepared: 15 parts of bacillus, 15 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 2 parts of ocean rhodotorula, 3 parts of biological small peptides, 2 parts of protease, amylase
1 part.
(2) induction parent participation oviposition, fertilization: stop bait throwing in, that afternoon 6:00 of induced spawning, choosing on the day before induced spawning
Healthy and strong parent participation is selected, selected male ginseng and female ginseng are individually placed in different spawning ponds, with 18 DEG C of filtering sea parent participation
Body surface face is rinsed well, and the room temperature where spawning pond is adjusted to 18-20 DEG C, selected parent participation is then put in oviposition
Airbreak is dried in the shade 60-90min in pond, then with 18 DEG C of filtering sea stimulation by running water 15-30min, then with 20 DEG C of filtering sea
Water stimulation by running water 20-30min, then into spawning pond, filtering sea to the depth of water of 20 DEG C of injection is 0.6-1.2 meters, is arranged to smart ovum
It puts；
When with filtering sea stimulation by running water inducing Stichopus Japonicus Selenka to lay eggs sperm drainage, 1mg Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations, institute are added in every liter of seawater
It states Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations and is prepared by wormwood, cordate houttuynia, ginger according to the weight ratio of 12:5:1.Specifically, the Chinese herbal medicine system
Agent the preparation method is as follows:
1. weighing wormwood, cordate houttuynia and ginger according to the proportion, load weighted wormwood, cordate houttuynia, ginger are respectively washed dry
Only, it dries, pulverization；
2. wormwood and cordate houttuynia are mixed, proper amount of clear water is added into mixture, it is initial for being cooked by slow fire to surplus water
The 1/3-1/2 of water；
3. the decoction liquor of wormwood and cordate houttuynia is mixed with ginger smalls, it is put into water bath with thermostatic control concussion pot, with 300rpm
Revolving speed room temperature concussion processing 90 minutes, then at a temperature of the revolving speed of 400rpm, 70~80 DEG C shake processing 50 minutes, stand 2
Hour, centrifuging and taking supernatant；
4. after being protected from light processing 24 hours for 4 DEG C of supernatant, pressure is -0.06~-0.08Mpa, temperature is 40~45 DEG C
Under the conditions of be concentrated into solution relative density be 45 DEG C when 1.08, resulting concentrated liquid is the Chinese herbal medicine system of the present embodiment
Agent；
(3) filtering sea that 20 DEG C are injected into each hatchery, fertilized eggs are transferred in hatchery and are hatched, and are hatched
Density is that fertilized eggs are 3-5/ml to the density of water, and water temperature control guarantees dissolved oxygen in 5mg/l at 20 DEG C -22 DEG C in hatchery
More than, seawater salinity 29-30 ‰, PH7.8-8.2；
(4) it by attachment base soaking disinfection and is rinsed well with oxalic acid solution, is put into nursery pond and adheres to benthic diatom in advance,
It is set to adhere to the natural bait containing benthic diatom before seed is launched；
The attachment base is formed by 1 detachable connection of several layers attaching frame, as Figure 1-Figure 2, the attaching frame packet
11 structure of frame and several wavy mesh sheet 12 disposed in parallel of cuboid are included, mesh sheet 12 is fixed by snap to be connected to
In cuboid framework, the lower end of mesh sheet is fixed with counterweight steel ring, and sleeve 2 is cased on frame 11, and sleeve can be rotated around frame 11.
(5) fertilized eggs are hatched 20-30 hours in hatchery enters the floating larva stage, and floating larva is assigned to each nursery
Pond, water temperature also controls the continuous micro inflation at 20 DEG C -22 DEG C, seawater salinity 29-30 ‰, PH7.8-8.2, dissolution in nursery pond
Oxygen maintains 5mg/l or more, and control floating larva is 0.3-0.5/ml to the density of water；When the ratio that doliolaria occurs accounts for
When the 15-20% of young sum, the attachment base handled through step (4) is launched；
The starter diet of the stichopus japonicus young is Chaetoceros, water body Chaetoceros final concentration ten thousand/ml of 2-3, while can be to every liter
0.2-0.5mg marine yeast and 0.2-0.5mg bacillus are added in water body；
The stichopus japonicus young enters after big ear juvenile stage, feeds spirulina powder, marine yeast and bacillus, feeds daily
3-4 times, each bait throwing in concentration is that 0.04-0.08mg spirulina powder, 0.1-0.2mg marine yeast, 0.05- are added in every liter of water body
0.06mg bacillus.
When the long 1cm or more of seedling of Apostichopus japonicus body, join breeding phase into children, divide pond again, feed be changed to be with mixed feed
It is main.
Comparative experiments and experimental result
Research experiment in first arrival in June, 2014 in by the end of October, 2014, first arrival in June, 2,015 2015 at the beginning of 11 months, 2016 years 6
It is explored and is tested repeatedly in the Haiyang City town the Liu Ge village little Tan during at the beginning of first arrival 11 months 2016 moon, and in June, 2017
It has carried out in ten days examining experiment in by the end of October, 2017 to, setting examines the processing of experiment as follows: with the people of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2
Work mating system is as experimental group, and using common artificial breeding method as control group, each test group and experimental group separately design 3
Parallel laboratory test.Specifically, the step of artificial breeding method of control group is as follows:
(1) 15 days before Stichopus Japonicus Selenka to lay eggs peak period, fish that weight 300-400g, gonad development be good, body in natural sea area
Normal, not damaged, the without exception stichopus japonicus of state is stored up as parent participation, and by parent participation in temporarily supporting in storage pond, holding pond, and the bottom of pond of storage pond, holding pond is put
There is things concealed, during temporarily supporting, the water quality condition in storage pond, holding pond is as follows: seawater salinity 29-30 ‰, PH7.8-8.2, continuous micro fills
Gas, dissolved oxygen maintain 5mg/l or more, and 18-20 DEG C of water temperature；
During temporarily supporting, each bait throwing in is primary sooner or later, and day feeding volume is the 3-5% of parent participation weight, and the feed of parent participation is sargassum thunbergii mill
Broken liquid；It is primary respectively to change water sooner or later daily, each quantity of exchanged water is 1/3 or so, changes water temperature difference no more than 1 DEG C, removes bottom of pond row in time
Let out object and residual bait.
(2) induction parent participation oviposition, fertilization: stop bait throwing in, that afternoon 6:00 of induced spawning, choosing on the day before induced spawning
Healthy and strong parent participation is selected, selected male ginseng and female ginseng are individually placed in different spawning ponds, with 18 DEG C of filtering sea parent participation
Body surface face is rinsed well, and the room temperature where spawning pond is adjusted to 18 DEG C, selected parent participation is then put in spawning pond
Middle airbreak is dried in the shade 90min, then with 18 DEG C of filtering sea stimulation by running water 20-30min, then with 18 DEG C of filtering sea flowing water
20-30min is stimulated, then filtering sea to the depth of water of 18 DEG C of injection is 1 meter into spawning pond, to Spawning；Parent participation oviposition by
Parent participation is removed in time after essence, it is multiple to wash ovum repeatedly with the clean seawater by sand filtration disinfection at this time, until water become it is clear into
Only；
(3) filtering sea that 20 DEG C are injected into each hatchery, fertilized eggs are transferred in hatchery and are hatched, and are hatched
Density is that fertilized eggs are 3-5/ml to the density of water, and water temperature control guarantees dissolved oxygen in 5mg/l at 20 DEG C -22 DEG C in hatchery
More than, seawater salinity 29-30 ‰, PH7.8-8.2；
(4) it by corrugated plating (attachment base) soaking disinfection and is rinsed well with oxalic acid solution, the ratio of cup type young in the young
When example accounts for 20 or more percent of all young, start to launch sea cucumber corrugated plating, for acquiring young ginseng.
Experiment shows in the experimental group of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 that parent participation oviposition induction success rate is compareed 90% or more
The parent participation oviposition induction success rate of group only has 50%-70% or so；In the experimental group of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, hatchability of fertile eggs
94.8% or more, the hatchability of fertile eggs of control group is only 40-60% or so；In control group, when being developed to the big ear young, control
The young density of group is reduced to about 100,000/ton seawater, and the average young density of experimental group is about 42.6 ten thousand/ton seawater.It is floating
After trip larval culture 6-10 days, some stichopus japonicus of the stichopus japonicus of experimental group has been developed to pentactula, and the overwhelming majority is
Cup row juvenile stage, the big ear young quantity of deformity is few, and most young can successfully adhere to.After floating larva is cultivated 6-10 days,
The stichopus japonicus overwhelming majority of control group is also cup row juvenile stage, some stichopus japonicus is still in the big ear young, the big ear young of deformity
Accounting about 10-25% or so.In experimental group, from the microtia young to long 400-500 μm of body young ginseng stage weed survival rate 81.5%
More than, plantlet stage weed survival rate from long 400-500 μm of body young ginseng stage to the long 1cm of average body is 90.3% or more, nursery
Period children ginseng is in a good state of health, and is not necessarily to administration of antibiotics class or other drugs.In control group, from the microtia young to the long 400- of body
500 μm of young ginseng stage weed survival rates are less than 30%, from long 400-500 μm of body young ginseng stage to the plantlet stage of the long 1cm of average body
Weed survival rate is less than 60%.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that: for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvement can also be made, these improvement should be regarded as guarantor of the invention
Protect range.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of artificial breeding method of juvenile stichopus, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
(1) 15-20 days before Stichopus Japonicus Selenka to lay eggs peak period, fish that weight 300-400g, gonad development be good, posture in natural sea area
Normally, stichopus japonicus not damaged, without exception is stored up as parent participation, and by parent participation in temporarily supporting in storage pond, holding pond；
(2) induction parent participation oviposition, fertilization: stopping bait throwing on the day before induced spawning, that afternoon of induced spawning selects healthy and strong parent
Selected male ginseng and female ginseng are individually placed in different spawning ponds by ginseng, and parent participation body surface face is rushed with 18 DEG C of filtering seas
Room temperature where spawning pond is adjusted to 18-20 DEG C, selected parent participation is then put in airbreak in spawning pond by wash clean
Dry in the shade 60-90min, then with 18 DEG C of filtering sea stimulation by running water 15-30min, is then pierced with 20 DEG C of filtering sea flowing water
20-30min is swashed, then filtering sea to the depth of water of 20 DEG C of injection is 0.6-1.2 meters into spawning pond, to Spawning；
(3) filtering sea that 20 DEG C are injected into each hatchery, fertilized eggs are transferred in hatchery and are hatched, hatching density
It is 3-5/ml for density of the fertilized eggs to water, water temperature control guarantees dissolved oxygen in 5mg/l or more at 20 DEG C -22 DEG C in hatchery；
(4) it by attachment base soaking disinfection and is rinsed well, is put into nursery pond with oxalic acid solution, make its attachment before seed is launched
Natural bait containing benthic diatom；
(5) fertilized eggs are hatched 20-30 hours in hatchery enters the floating larva stage, and floating larva is assigned to each nursery pond,
Water temperature is also controlled at 20 DEG C -22 DEG C in nursery pond, and control floating larva is 0.3-0.5/ml to the density of water；Work as doliolaria
When the ratio of appearance accounts for the 15-20% of young sum, the attachment base handled through step (4) is launched；
When with filtering sea stimulation by running water inducing Stichopus Japonicus Selenka to lay eggs sperm drainage, 1-2mg Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations are added in every liter of seawater, it is described
Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations are prepared by wormwood, cordate houttuynia, ginger according to the weight ratio of 10-12:5-6:1-2, the Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations
The preparation method is as follows:
(1) wormwood, cordate houttuynia and ginger are weighed according to the proportion, and load weighted wormwood, cordate houttuynia, ginger are respectively washed completely,
It dries, pulverization；
(2) wormwood and cordate houttuynia are mixed, proper amount of clear water is added into mixture, being cooked by slow fire to surplus water is initial water
1/3-1/2；
(3) decoction liquor of wormwood and cordate houttuynia is mixed with ginger smalls, is put into water bath with thermostatic control concussion pot, with 200-300rpm
Revolving speed room temperature concussion processing 60-90 minute, then at a temperature of the revolving speed of 500-600rpm, 70~80 DEG C shake handle 40-50
Minute, 2 hours are stood, centrifuging and taking supernatant；
(4) after being protected from light processing 24 hours for 4 DEG C of supernatant, pressure is -0.06~-0.08Mpa, temperature is 40~45 DEG C of conditions
Under be concentrated into 1.07~1.10 when the relative density of solution is 45 DEG C, resulting concentrated liquid is the Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations.
2. the artificial breeding method of juvenile stichopus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: parent participation is temporarily supported, fertilized eggs are incubated
Change with during seed rearing, condition of water quality is as follows: seawater salinity 29-30 ‰, PH7.8-8.2, continuous micro inflation, dissolved oxygen
Maintain 5mg/l or more.
3. the artificial breeding method of juvenile stichopus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the bottom of pond of storage pond, holding pond is placed with hidden
Cover object.
4. the artificial breeding method of juvenile stichopus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the attachment base is by several layers
Attaching frame detachable connection forms, and the attaching frame includes the frame structure and several waveforms disposed in parallel of cuboid
Mesh sheet, mesh sheet is fixed by snap to be connected in cuboid framework, and the lower end of mesh sheet is fixed with counterweight steel ring, is cased on frame
Annulus or sleeve, annulus or sleeve can be around frame members.
5. the artificial breeding method of juvenile stichopus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: sooner or later each to throw during temporarily supporting
Bait is primary, and day feeding volume is the 3-5% of parent participation weight, and the feed of parent participation is prepared by following ingredients: white fish meal 40-50
Part, 1 part of purslane, is answered at 25-30 parts of sargassum thunbergii powder, 20-30 parts of ooze, 5-10 parts of dregs of beans, 3-5 parts of yolk, 2-3 parts of spirulina
0.5-2 parts of combined bacteria enzyme preparation, 1 part of multi-vitamins, 1 part of honey, 1 part of fish oil, the compound bacterial enzyme preparation is by following ingredients
It is prepared: 15-20 parts of bacillus, 10-20 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 2-3 parts of ocean rhodotorula, 2-3 parts of biological small peptides, protease
2-4 parts, 1-2 parts of amylase.
6. the artificial breeding method of juvenile stichopus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the starter diet of the stichopus japonicus young
For Chaetoceros, water body Chaetoceros final concentration ten thousand/ml of 2-3, while be added into every liter of water body 0.2-0.5mg marine yeast and
0.2-0.5mg bacillus.
7. the artificial breeding method of juvenile stichopus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the stichopus japonicus young enters big ear children
After the body stage, spirulina powder, marine yeast and bacillus are fed, is fed 3-4 times daily, each bait throwing in concentration is every liter of water
0.04-0.08mg spirulina powder, 0.1-0.2mg marine yeast, 0.05-0.06mg bacillus are added in body.
8. the artificial breeding method of juvenile stichopus described in any one of -7 according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: seedling of Apostichopus japonicus
When the long 1cm or more of body, joins breeding phase into children, divide pond again, feed is changed to based on mixed feed.
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| CN113575476A (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-11-02 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Parent ginseng in-situ spawning induction device and in-situ spawning induction method |
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