CN110612930A - Artificial breeding method for rainbow trout - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention discloses an artificial breeding method of rainbow trout, which comprises the steps of parent fish introduction domestication and cultivation, artificial insemination, artificial incubation, fry cultivation and daily management, wherein parent fish feed and parent fish nutrition powder are fed in the parent fish introduction domestication and cultivation process, fry bait and fry special compound feed are fed in the fry cultivation process, and pest and disease damage prevention and control are carried out by adopting pest and disease damage medicine bait in the daily management process. According to the fish physiological principle, through the research on the requirements of the rainbow trout fertilized egg development, embryo incubation, fry breeding and the rainbow trout growth on water quality and bait, the optimal ecological condition is created for the healthy growth of the rainbow trout, the fertilized egg incubation rate and the fry breeding survival rate are improved, a series of research achievements related to the artificial breeding of the rainbow trout are formed, and the method has important significance for the large-scale development and maturation of the artificial breeding and the artificial breeding industry of the rainbow trout in our area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field, and particularly relates to an artificial breeding method of rainbow trout.
Background
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchusmykiss), Salmoniformes, Salmonidae, Pacific salmon, commonly known as waterfall fish, seven-color fish; the side of the rainbow trout is provided with a wide and bright purple rainbow band along the middle part of the lateral line, so the rainbow trout is called rainbow trout, and half or all of the side of the rainbow trout is provided with small black spots; the land seal type, the lake and marsh type and the sea lowering type are adopted, and the land seal type is mainly adopted for cultivation; the water is fond to inhabit in a clear water area with lower water temperature, more dissolved oxygen and abundant flow; the rainbow trout is bred in northern American Pacific coast and mountain stream of Alaska USA, which are introduced to many countries from the northwest part of North America, and in northern areas such as northeast China and Shandong, and in cold spring resource-rich areas such as Xingan county and resource county in Guangxi and alpine mountainous areas in northwest of Guizhou province, rainbow trout breeding is carried out; the salmon fish meat is tender, fat, less in thorn, delicious in taste, rich in essential fatty acid such as EPA, DHA and the like which are necessary for human bodies, is a third salmonidae fish breeding variety in the world, belongs to the famous carnivorous fish, is an ideal fish for making the salmon, and is known as the ginseng in water.
In recent years, parent fish breeding, artificial insemination and hatching technologies of rainbow trout in China are mature, but a plurality of technical problems still exist in the field of breeding of young rainbow trout and disease control, breeding enterprises are troubled, particularly the period of the fry stage with the highest mortality rate of rainbow trout breeding is in the period of the larva fish, the growth and survival rate of the rainbow trout are greatly influenced by factors such as bait, illumination, temperature and the like, and with the annual expansion of breeding scale, the disease threat is increasingly serious, and huge harm and economic loss are brought to the breeding industry.
In recent years, the annual output of salmon and trout in China is only about 5 ten thousand tons, so that the domestic consumption demand can not be met, and a large amount of import is required every year. According to the estimation of cold water resources in China, the production potential of the salmon and the trout is 50-60 ten thousand tons, the development and utilization prospect is wide, the technical challenges in the aspects of rainbow trout breeding and young fish cultivation are urgently to be developed, the breeding yield is improved, and the requirements of consumers are met. At present, there are some relevant publications on rainbow trout breeding, such as:
1. patent application CN201910326588.2 discloses an artificial cross breeding method for mariculture rainbow trout, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting domestic cold-water freshwater aquaculture rainbow trout parents as male parents, selecting triploid oncorhynchus mykiss trout introduced from abroad, and selecting fertile diploid trout parents as female parents from the triploid; (2) because the propagation time is inconsistent, preserving the rainbow trout semen cultivated in fresh water by adopting a semen freezing method, observing the activation condition of the semen by microscopic examination before freezing preservation, and freezing and preserving the semen qualified by microscopic examination; (3) selecting a female individual with strong physique and sexual maturity, collecting ova, uniformly mixing the revived frozen semen and the ova, and washing off redundant semen; placing the fertilized ovum in a plastic container, and adopting flowing water culture, wherein the ovum which is failed in fertilization and becomes white is continuously removed until the ovum with hair appears. The invention has the advantages of realizing the localization of the seawater culture trout and solving the problem of insufficient supply of the fry cultured by the cold-water seawater fish.
2. The patent application CN201811494027.5 discloses an artificial propagation technical method of rainbow trout, which belongs to the technical field of fish propagation, and comprises the steps of injecting an oxytocic, preparing isotonic solution, artificially collecting eggs and semen, artificially inseminating, hatching eggs with eyes, detecting the fertility rate, hatching the seedlings of young fishes and intensively culturing the seedlings, wherein enzymolysis pig blood globulin powder is added into bait for the intensive culture of the seedlings; the preparation method of the enzymolysis porcine corpuscle albumen powder comprises the following steps: a, providing anticoagulated pig blood; b, providing a neutral protease; c, providing an accelerator comprising sulfosalicylic acid and tea polyphenols; and d, pre-treating the anticoagulated pig blood, contacting the anticoagulated pig blood with the substances in the b and the c to form hydrolysate, and then carrying out spray drying treatment to obtain the anticoagulant pig blood. The artificial propagation technical method for the rainbow trout can reduce the adhesivity among eggs, increase the fertilization probability of the eggs, prevent the fertilized eggs from being polluted by pathogenic bacteria, accelerate the fertilized eggs to enter the starting period, improve the embryo survival rate and the hatching rate, and be supplemented with the initial domestication bait with excellent palatability and sensory experience.
3. Patent application CN201810791208.8 discloses an artificial propagation method of rainbow trout, comprising the following steps: selecting a fish pond with smooth water flow, rich water-dissolved oxygen and short sunshine time as a feeding pond, wherein the water depth of the feeding pond is 1-1.4 m, and the water temperature of the pond is 5-12 ℃; selecting active rainbow trout with strong reproductive capacity as parent fish, putting the parent fish into the parent fish rearing pond, and carrying out annual rearing on the selected parent fish from spring; collecting eggs of the female fish cultivated in one year, and then performing artificial insemination on the collected eggs to form fertilized eggs; selecting a water source with clear water quality to hatch the fertilized eggs under the shading condition, wherein the hatching water temperature is 9 ℃, and the dissolved oxygen content of hatching water is not lower than 6.5 mg/L; the rainbow trout is inseminated by adopting the artificial insemination method, the survival rate of the rainbow trout roes is greatly improved, thereby improving the yield of the cultured rainbow trout, and having great popularization value.
4. Patent application CN201610164204.8 discloses an industrial fry-rearing method for marine rainbow trout, comprising: (1) hatching: hatching the hair-eyes eggs in an indoor fresh water running mode, and keeping the inside of a hatching chamber dark; (2) and (3) breeding of fish larvae: the young fishes are cultivated by adopting an indoor fresh water running mode, the water temperature is kept at 10-14 ℃, the addition amount of fresh water in a single pond is 10-15L/min/10000 of the young fishes, and the running water mode cultivation density does not exceed 15kg/m 3; (3) and (3) seedling cultivation: the marine rainbow trout fries are cultivated in an indoor closed circulating water fresh water mode, the water temperature is kept at 14-18 ℃, the circulating water volume of a circulating water cultivation pool is 15-25 times/day/pool, the illumination intensity is kept at 800-1000 lux, and the illumination intensity is kept for 24 hours. The marine rainbow trout seedling raising process is carried out indoors, is not influenced by weather, can be produced all the year round, has stable and controllable water quality conditions and high seedling raising survival rate, and can realize high-density large-scale culture.
5. Patent application CN200910089546.8 discloses an artificial propagation technical method of rainbow trout, comprising the steps of 1, preparation of single salt isotonic solution; step 2, implementing single salt isotonic fluid egg washing and artificial insemination; step 3, implementing continuous operation of flowing water, water absorption, expansion and hatching of the fertilized eggs in the mesh basin barrel type incubator; step 4, detecting the fertilization rate of the cell stage 4; step 5, adopting a mesh cage (or pebble) horizontal flow type juvenile fish membrane-out hatching tank to carry out juvenile fish membrane-out hatching; step 6, after the young fishes are hatched, removing the net cages or pebbles, and carrying out the opening domestication feeding of the young fishes in the original groove; and 7, after domesticating and feeding for 1 month, transferring the young fishes into a hexagonal feeding trough for fry breeding. The continuous operation technology of flowing water absorption expansion and flowing water incubation reduces the operation procedures and operation tools of water stop and water absorption expansion, and improves the incubation efficiency by 20 percent. Compared with the existing embryo body detection technology, the fertilization rate detection technology of the 4-cell stage is earlier by 9 days, so that the problem of inaccurate embryo body detection is avoided.
However, the breeding methods disclosed in the above patent documents and the prior art documents do not provide optimal ecological conditions for rainbow trout, and decrease the hatchability of fertilized eggs and the fry breeding survival rate of rainbow trout. Therefore, the rainbow trout breeding industry in China is not mature and is not scaled, the annual output of rainbow trout is not high in recent years, the domestic consumption demand cannot be met, and a large amount of imported rainbow trout fry and rainbow trout fish are required every year.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an artificial breeding method for rainbow trout to solve the technical problems. According to the fish physiological principle, through the research on the requirements of the rainbow trout oosperm development, the embryo incubation, the fry breeding and the rainbow trout growth on water quality and bait, in different stages of the rainbow trout oosperm development, the embryo incubation, the fry breeding and the like, physical means such as temperature control and illumination time control and chemical methods such as ammonia nitrogen determination, pH value determination and the like are adopted, the optimal ecological condition is created for the healthy growth of the rainbow trout, the hatchability of the oosperms and the fry breeding survival rate are improved, a series of research achievements related to the artificial breeding of the rainbow trout are formed, and the research achievements have important significance for the scale development and maturation of the artificial breeding and the artificial aquaculture of the rainbow trout in our area.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an artificial breeding method for rainbow trout comprises the steps of parent fish introduction domestication and cultivation, artificial insemination, artificial incubation, fry cultivation and daily management, wherein parent fish feed and parent fish nutrition powder are fed in the parent fish introduction domestication and cultivation process, fry bait and fry special compound feed are fed in the fry cultivation process, and pest and disease damage prevention and control are carried out by adopting pest and disease damage medicine bait in the daily management process.
Further, the parent fish feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of wild trash fish, 15-20 parts of silkworm chrysalis, 15-20 parts of loach, 10-15 parts of wheat flour, 5-10 parts of egg yolk, 10-20 parts of sweet potato skin, 1-5 parts of salt and 10-15 parts of Chinese herbal medicine liquid, and the preparation method comprises the steps of respectively feeding the wild trash fish, the silkworm chrysalis, the loach, the wheat flour and the sweet potato skin into a superfine pulverizer to be pulverized into powder of 15-20 mu m, and then uniformly mixing.
Further, the fry bait is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of egg yolk, 25-45 parts of milk powder, 30-40 parts of fish meal, 25-35 parts of artemia nauplii, 25-35 parts of red worm, 20-30 parts of loach, 20-30 parts of dried shrimp, 15-25 parts of wheat flour, 15-25 parts of fried soybean powder, 20-30 parts of peanut bran and 10-20 parts of Chinese herbal medicine liquid, wherein during preparation, the raw materials except the egg yolk, the milk powder and the Chinese herbal medicine liquid are firstly sent into a grinder to be ground to pass through a 500-600-mesh sieve, then all the raw materials are uniformly mixed and sent into a granulator to be prepared into particles with the diameter of 0.1-1 mm.
Further, the compound feed special for the fry is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55-65 parts of fish powder, 55-60 parts of fish eggs, 50-55 parts of dried shellfish powder, 50-60 parts of fried soybean powder, 50-60 parts of sheep liver, 45-55 parts of rotifer, 20-30 parts of bean curd residue, 30-40 parts of peanut bran and 15-25 parts of Chinese herbal medicine liquid.
Further, the pesticide bait for controlling plant diseases and insect pests is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of willow leaves, 5-10 parts of humifuse euphorbia herb, 15-20 parts of mulberry leaves, 10-20 parts of verbena, 15-25 parts of gallnut, 10-20 parts of cassia bark, 1-5 parts of bitter and hot tree leaves, 20-30 parts of wormwood, 20-30 parts of purslane and 15-20 parts of garlic.
Further, the Chinese herbal medicine liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 85-95 parts of wormwood, 70-80 parts of sweet wormwood, 15-25 parts of purple perilla, 35-45 parts of gallnut, 55-65 parts of plantain, 55-65 parts of purslane, 60-80 parts of pumpkin seeds, 50-70 parts of garlic and 30-40 parts of calamus.
Further, the artificial breeding method of rainbow trout as described above specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) introduction, domestication and cultivation of parent fishes: selecting robust, disease-free and high-reproductive-capacity active rainbow trout as parent fish, wherein the weight of the active rainbow trout is 1.0-1.2 kg, the parent fish of 3-4 ages is cultivated all the year round from spring, the ratio of male and female is 3-4: 1, before reproduction, intensive cultivation is carried out, parent fish feed for the rainbow trout is fed regularly and quantitatively every day, parent fish nutrition powder capable of improving the quality of egg grains is added into the daily ration of the parent fish, and egg collection and sperm collection are started when the parent fish is in heat;
(2) artificial insemination: when the water temperature reaches 10-12 ℃, inducing the female fish to ovulate by injecting exogenous drugs, and injecting for 2 times at intervals of about 18 hours; taking eggs and semen of mature parent fishes, inseminating by a dry method to obtain fertilized eggs, and cleaning the fertilized eggs by using cold spring water, wherein the temperature of the cold spring water is 10-15 ℃;
(3) artificial incubation: placing the obtained fertilized eggs in a parallel groove, and carrying out artificial incubation on the fertilized eggs, wherein the incubation water temperature is 7-10 ℃, the incubation water temperature is 10-11 ℃, the incubation dissolved oxygen content is controlled to be more than 5mg/L, and the decay process avoids vibration;
(4) fry rearing: the seedling raising and cultivation are carried out in an indoor cement pond with the specification of 1m multiplied by 1.2m, and the stocking density is 4-5 kg/m2Firstly feeding fry bait to the fry, and feeding special compound feed for the high-protein fry after 15 days of age, wherein the cultivation water temperature is 10-18 ℃, the dissolved oxygen in the water is not lower than 6mg/L, and the pH value is 7-7.5;
(5) daily management: comprises water quality management and disease prevention and treatment;
water quality management: daily monitoring dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, pH and water temperature of the fry culture pond, periodically monitoring water quality change, periodically putting probiotics into water and inflating by adopting an inflator pump;
disease prevention and treatment: mainly used for preventing and treating gill rot, saprolegniasis, enteritis and ichthyophthiriasis, and during parent fish introduction domestication and cultivation and fry cultivation, the pesticide bait for plant diseases and insect pests is thrown into water.
Further, in the step (1), the parent fish nutrition powder is prepared by mixing shrimp powder, crab powder and yeast powder according to a mass ratio of 6-7: 5-6: 1, wherein the shrimp powder and the crab powder are powder with a particle size of 20-25 mu m; the density of parent fish cultivation is 5-10 kg/m2(ii) a The water temperature is controlled to be 8-12 ℃ 6 months before spawning, the water injection amount is increased before sexual maturity, and the sunshine time is not more than 12 hours.
Further, in the step (2), after semen is collected, the activation condition of the semen is observed through microscopic examination, and if the semen qualified through microscopic examination cannot be inseminated in time, the semen is firstly frozen and stored at the temperature of-10 to-5 ℃.
Further, in the step (5), the probiotics are prepared by mixing lactobacillus, bifidobacterium and bacillus subtilis according to the mass ratio of 1: 1-2; the water temperature is controlled to be 10-12 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is controlled to be 5-7 mg/L, the pH value is controlled to be 7-8.5, and the ammonia nitrogen does not exceed 1 mg/L; the water quality change monitoring time is as follows: the water quality change monitoring is carried out once a month in spring, summer and autumn, the monitoring is not carried out in winter, the monitoring is carried out continuously for 10 days each time, and the measuring time is 10 am, 12 am and 2 pm, 4 pm and 6 pm respectively.
The inventor is dedicated to biological research and seedling technical development of special aquatic products in Guangxi, obtains an authorized patent in the aspect of rainbow trout cultivation (the patent name is an artificial insemination method of rainbow trout, the patent number is CN201610838487.X), grasps the technical key points of artificial insemination of rainbow trout, develops technical services for rainbow trout cultivation in resource county, Xingan county, Shenglong county and the like for multiple times during cold and summer vacations, grasps the rules of rainbow trout reproduction and young fish growth, lays a firmer work foundation for research of the project, and has strong innovation capacity.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the fish physiological principle, through the research on the requirements of the rainbow trout oosperm development, the embryo incubation, the fry breeding and the rainbow trout growth on water quality and bait, in different stages of the rainbow trout oosperm development, the embryo incubation, the fry breeding and the like, physical means such as temperature control and illumination time control and chemical methods such as ammonia nitrogen determination, pH value determination and the like are adopted, the optimal ecological condition is created for the healthy growth of the rainbow trout, the hatchability of the oosperms and the fry breeding survival rate are improved, a series of research achievements related to the artificial breeding of the rainbow trout are formed, and the research achievements have important significance for the scale development and maturation of the artificial breeding and the artificial aquaculture of the rainbow trout in our area.
(2) The method for breeding rainbow trout by artificial insemination, artificial incubation and fry breeding through a cold spring water drying method is pioneered, innovation is carried out on rainbow trout feed, and the scheme is not reported in relevant documents at home.
Detailed Description
The following is a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and any modifications or substitutions in the basic spirit of the embodiments are included in the scope of the present invention as claimed in the claims.
Example 1
An artificial breeding method of rainbow trout comprises the steps of parent fish introduction domestication and cultivation, artificial insemination, artificial incubation, fry cultivation and daily management, wherein parent fish feed and parent fish nutrition powder are fed in the parent fish introduction domestication and cultivation process, fry bait and special compound feed for fry are fed in the fry cultivation process, and pest and disease damage prevention and control are carried out by adopting the pest and disease damage bait in the daily management process, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) introduction, domestication and cultivation of parent fishes: selecting robust, disease-free and high-reproductive-capacity active rainbow trout as parent fish, wherein the weight of the active rainbow trout is 1.0-1.2 kg, the parent fish of 3-4 ages is cultivated all the year round from spring, the ratio of male and female is 3-4: 1, before reproduction, intensive cultivation is carried out, parent fish feed for the rainbow trout is fed regularly and quantitatively every day, parent fish nutrition powder capable of improving the quality of egg grains is added into the daily ration of the parent fish, and egg collection and sperm collection are started when the parent fish is in heat;
the parent fish nutrition powder is prepared by mixing shrimp powder, crab powder and yeast powder according to the mass ratio of 6-7: 5-6: 1, wherein the shrimp powder and the crab powderThe powder is 20-25 mu m; the density of parent fish cultivation is 5-10 kg/m2(ii) a Controlling the water temperature to be 8-12 ℃ 6 months before spawning, increasing the water injection amount before sexual maturity, and keeping the sunshine time to be no longer than 12 hours;
(2) artificial insemination: when the water temperature reaches 10-12 ℃, inducing the female fish to ovulate by injecting exogenous drugs, and injecting for 2 times at intervals of about 18 hours; taking eggs and semen of mature parent fishes, inseminating by a dry method to obtain fertilized eggs, and cleaning the fertilized eggs by using cold spring water, wherein the temperature of the cold spring water is 10-15 ℃;
after semen is collected, observing the activation condition of the semen through microscopic examination, and if the semen qualified through microscopic examination fails to be inseminated in time, firstly, placing the semen at the temperature of between 10 ℃ below zero and 5 ℃ below zero for freezing and storing;
(3) artificial incubation: placing the obtained fertilized eggs in a parallel groove, and carrying out artificial incubation on the fertilized eggs, wherein the incubation water temperature is 7-10 ℃, the incubation water temperature is 10-11 ℃, the incubation dissolved oxygen content is controlled to be more than 5mg/L, and the decay process avoids vibration;
(4) fry rearing: the seedling raising and cultivation are carried out in an indoor cement pond with the specification of 1m multiplied by 1.2m, and the stocking density is 4-5 kg/m2Firstly feeding fry bait to the fry, and feeding special compound feed for the high-protein fry after 15 days of age, wherein the cultivation water temperature is 10-18 ℃, the dissolved oxygen in the water is not lower than 6mg/L, and the pH value is 7-7.5;
(5) daily management: comprises water quality management and disease prevention and treatment;
water quality management: daily monitoring dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, pH and water temperature of the fry culture pond, periodically monitoring water quality change, periodically putting probiotics into water and inflating by adopting an inflator pump;
disease prevention and treatment: mainly preventing and treating gill rot, saprolegniasis, enteritis and ichthyophthiriasis, and throwing the medicine bait for plant diseases and insect pests into water during parent fish introduction domestication and cultivation and fry cultivation;
the probiotics are prepared by mixing lactobacillus, bifidobacterium and bacillus subtilis according to the mass ratio of 1: 1-2; the water temperature is controlled to be 10-12 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is controlled to be 5-7 mg/L, the pH value is controlled to be 7-8.5, and the ammonia nitrogen does not exceed 1 mg/L; the water quality change monitoring time is as follows: the water quality change monitoring is carried out once a month in spring, summer and autumn, the monitoring is not carried out in winter, the monitoring is carried out continuously for 10 days each time, and the measuring time is 10 am, 12 am and 2 pm, 4 pm and 6 pm respectively.
Further, the parent fish feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of wild trash fish, 15-20 parts of silkworm chrysalis, 15-20 parts of loach, 10-15 parts of wheat flour, 5-10 parts of egg yolk, 10-20 parts of sweet potato skin, 1-5 parts of salt and 10-15 parts of Chinese herbal medicine liquid, and the preparation method comprises the steps of respectively feeding the wild trash fish, the silkworm chrysalis, the loach, the wheat flour and the sweet potato skin into a superfine pulverizer to be pulverized into powder of 15-20 mu m, and then uniformly mixing.
Further, the fry bait is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of egg yolk, 25-45 parts of milk powder, 30-40 parts of fish meal, 25-35 parts of artemia nauplii, 25-35 parts of red worm, 20-30 parts of loach, 20-30 parts of dried shrimp, 15-25 parts of wheat flour, 15-25 parts of fried soybean powder, 20-30 parts of peanut bran and 10-20 parts of Chinese herbal medicine liquid, wherein during preparation, the raw materials except the egg yolk, the milk powder and the Chinese herbal medicine liquid are firstly sent into a grinder to be ground to pass through a 500-600-mesh sieve, then all the raw materials are uniformly mixed and sent into a granulator to be prepared into particles with the diameter of 0.1-1 mm.
Further, the compound feed special for the fry is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55-65 parts of fish powder, 55-60 parts of fish eggs, 50-55 parts of dried shellfish powder, 50-60 parts of fried soybean powder, 50-60 parts of sheep liver, 45-55 parts of rotifer, 20-30 parts of bean curd residue, 30-40 parts of peanut bran and 15-25 parts of Chinese herbal medicine liquid.
Further, the pesticide bait for controlling plant diseases and insect pests is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of willow leaves, 5-10 parts of humifuse euphorbia herb, 15-20 parts of mulberry leaves, 10-20 parts of verbena, 15-25 parts of gallnut, 10-20 parts of cassia bark, 1-5 parts of bitter and hot tree leaves, 20-30 parts of wormwood, 20-30 parts of purslane and 15-20 parts of garlic.
Further, the Chinese herbal medicine liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 85-95 parts of wormwood, 70-80 parts of sweet wormwood, 15-25 parts of purple perilla, 35-45 parts of gallnut, 55-65 parts of plantain, 55-65 parts of purslane, 60-80 parts of pumpkin seeds, 50-70 parts of garlic and 30-40 parts of calamus.
Example 2
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that: the parent fish feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of wild trash fish, 18 parts of silkworm chrysalis, 17 parts of loach, 13 parts of wheat flour, 8 parts of egg yolk, 15 parts of sweet potato peel, 3 parts of salt and 13 parts of Chinese herbal medicine liquid, and the preparation method comprises the steps of respectively feeding the wild trash fish, the silkworm chrysalis, the loach, the wheat flour and the sweet potato peel into a superfine pulverizer to be pulverized into 18 mu m powder, and then uniformly mixing the powder to obtain the feed additive, wherein other conditions are not changed.
Example 3
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that: the fry bait is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: the feed is prepared by feeding raw materials except yolk, milk powder and Chinese herbal medicine liquid into a pulverizer to be pulverized and sieved by a 550-mesh sieve, then uniformly mixing all the raw materials, and feeding the mixture into a granulator to prepare particles with the diameter of 0.5mm, wherein other conditions are not changed.
Example 4
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that: the special compound feed for the fry is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of fish powder, 58 parts of fish eggs, 53 parts of dried scallop powder, 55 parts of fried soybean powder, 55 parts of sheep liver, 50 parts of rotifer, 25 parts of bean curd residue, 35 parts of peanut bran and 20 parts of Chinese herbal medicine liquid.
Example 5
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that: the pesticide bait for controlling plant diseases and insect pests is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of willow leaves, 8 parts of humifuse euphorbia herb, 17 parts of mulberry leaves, 15 parts of verbena, 20 parts of gallnut, 15 parts of cassia bark, 3 parts of bitter and hot tree leaves, 25 parts of wormwood, 25 parts of purslane and 18 parts of garlic, and during preparation, all the raw materials are mixed, clear water with the weight 4.5 times of that of the raw materials is added for decocting for 6.5 hours, filtering is carried out, the filtrate is concentrated to the relative density of 1.04, the filter residue is dried and then crushed to pass through a 250-mesh sieve, the concentrated filtrate is added and is uniformly mixed, and the mixture is sent to a granulator to be prepared into particles with the diameter of 1.5 mm.
Example 6
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that: the Chinese herbal medicine liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts of wormwood, 75 parts of sweet wormwood, 20 parts of purple perilla, 40 parts of gallnut, 50 parts of plantain, 50 parts of purslane, 70 parts of pumpkin seeds, 60 parts of garlic and 35 parts of calamus.
Comparative example 1
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that: the parent fish feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of wild trash fish, 30 parts of silkworm chrysalis, 35 parts of loach, 25 parts of wheat flour, 20 parts of egg yolk, 30 parts of sweet potato skin, 10 parts of salt and 5 parts of Chinese herbal medicine liquid, and the preparation method comprises the steps of respectively feeding the wild trash fish, the silkworm chrysalis, the loach, the wheat flour and the sweet potato skin into a superfine pulverizer to be pulverized into powder with the particle size of 15 mu m, and then uniformly mixing; the fry bait is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: the feed comprises, by weight, 5 parts of egg yolk, 55 parts of milk powder, 50 parts of fish meal, 45 parts of artemia nauplii, 55 parts of red worms, 40 parts of loaches, 40 parts of shrimps, 35 parts of wheat flour, 35 parts of fried soybean powder, 40 parts of peanut bran and 5 parts of Chinese herbal medicine liquid, and is prepared by feeding the raw materials except the egg yolk, the milk powder and the Chinese herbal medicine liquid into a pulverizer to be pulverized and pass through a 300-mesh sieve, then uniformly mixing all the raw materials, and feeding the mixture into a granulator to prepare particles with the diameter of 2 mm; the special compound feed for the fry is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of fish meat powder, 70 parts of fish eggs, 45 parts of dried scallop powder, 40 parts of fried soybean powder, 70 parts of sheep liver, 65 parts of rotifer, 10 parts of bean curd residue, 20 parts of peanut bran and 30 parts of Chinese herbal medicine liquid, and during preparation, other raw materials except the Chinese herbal medicine liquid are dried until the water content is 15%, then the raw materials are crushed to be sieved by a 300-mesh sieve, and the crushed raw materials are sent to a granulator to be prepared into particles with the diameter of 3 mm; other conditions were unchanged.
Comparative example 2
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that: the Chinese herbal medicine liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75 parts of wormwood, 90 parts of sweet wormwood, 35 parts of purple perilla, 25 parts of gallnut, 40 parts of plantain, 70 parts of purslane, 50 parts of pumpkin seeds, 80 parts of garlic and 20 parts of calamus.
Comparative example 3
The rainbow trout was artificially bred according to the examples in patent application CN 201910326588.2.
Comparative example 4
The rainbow trout was artificially bred according to the examples in patent application CN 201811494027.5.
Comparative example 5
The rainbow trout was artificially bred according to the examples in patent application CN 201810791208.8.
Comparative example 6
The rainbow trout was artificially bred according to the examples in patent application CN 201610164204.8.
Comparative example 7
The rainbow trout was artificially bred according to the examples in patent application CN 200910089546.8.
To further illustrate that the present invention can achieve the technical effects, the following experiments were performed:
the methods of examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-7 of the application are used for artificial breeding of rainbow trout, the hatchability of fertilized eggs and the fry breeding survival rate of rainbow trout are recorded, and the experimental results are shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the experimental data in the table 1, compared with the prior art, the rainbow trout artificial breeding method can better improve the hatchability rate of fertilized eggs of rainbow trout and the survival rate of fry breeding.
In summary, according to the fish physiological principle, through research on the requirements of the rainbow trout fertilized egg development, embryo incubation, fry cultivation and the rainbow trout growth on water quality and bait, in different stages of the rainbow trout fertilized egg development, embryo incubation, fry cultivation and the like, physical means such as temperature control and illumination time control and chemical methods such as ammonia nitrogen determination, pH determination and the like are adopted, the optimal ecological conditions are created for the healthy growth of the rainbow trout, the fertilized egg incubation rate and the fry cultivation survival rate are improved, a series of research achievements related to artificial breeding of the rainbow trout are formed, and the method has important significance for the large-scale development and maturation of artificial breeding and artificial breeding of the rainbow trout in our area.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (10)
1. An artificial breeding method of rainbow trout, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps of parent fish introduction domestication and cultivation, artificial insemination, artificial incubation, fry cultivation and daily management, wherein parent fish feed and parent fish nutrition powder are fed in the parent fish introduction domestication and cultivation process, fry bait and special compound feed for the fry are fed in the fry cultivation process, and pest control is carried out by adopting pest medicine bait in the daily management process.
2. The rainbow trout artificial breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the parent fish feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of wild trash fish, 15-20 parts of silkworm chrysalis, 15-20 parts of loach, 10-15 parts of wheat flour, 5-10 parts of egg yolk, 10-20 parts of sweet potato skin, 1-5 parts of salt and 10-15 parts of Chinese herbal medicine liquid, and the preparation method comprises the steps of respectively feeding the wild trash fish, the silkworm chrysalis, the loach, the wheat flour and the sweet potato skin into a superfine pulverizer to be pulverized into powder of 15-20 mu m, and then uniformly mixing.
3. The rainbow trout artificial breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the fry bait is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of egg yolk, 25-45 parts of milk powder, 30-40 parts of fish meal, 25-35 parts of artemia nauplii, 25-35 parts of red worm, 20-30 parts of loach, 20-30 parts of dried shrimp, 15-25 parts of wheat flour, 15-25 parts of fried soybean powder, 20-30 parts of peanut bran and 10-20 parts of Chinese herbal medicine liquid, wherein during preparation, the raw materials except the egg yolk, the milk powder and the Chinese herbal medicine liquid are firstly sent into a grinder to be ground to pass through a 500-600-mesh sieve, then all the raw materials are uniformly mixed and sent into a granulator to be prepared into particles with the diameter of 0.1-1 mm.
4. The rainbow trout artificial breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the special compound feed for the fry is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55-65 parts of fish powder, 55-60 parts of fish eggs, 50-55 parts of dried shellfish powder, 50-60 parts of fried soybean powder, 50-60 parts of sheep liver, 45-55 parts of rotifer, 20-30 parts of bean curd residue, 30-40 parts of peanut bran and 15-25 parts of Chinese herbal medicine liquid.
5. The rainbow trout artificial breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the pesticide bait for controlling plant diseases and insect pests is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of willow leaves, 5-10 parts of humifuse euphorbia herb, 15-20 parts of mulberry leaves, 10-20 parts of verbena, 15-25 parts of gallnut, 10-20 parts of cassia bark, 1-5 parts of bitter and hot tree leaves, 20-30 parts of wormwood, 20-30 parts of purslane and 15-20 parts of garlic.
6. The method for artificially breeding rainbow trout according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the Chinese herbal medicine liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 85-95 parts of wormwood, 70-80 parts of sweet wormwood, 15-25 parts of purple perilla, 35-45 parts of gallnut, 55-65 parts of plantain, 55-65 parts of purslane, 60-80 parts of pumpkin seeds, 50-70 parts of garlic and 30-40 parts of calamus.
7. The rainbow trout artificial breeding method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) introduction, domestication and cultivation of parent fishes: selecting robust, disease-free and high-reproductive-capacity active rainbow trout as parent fish, wherein the weight of the active rainbow trout is 1.0-1.2 kg, the parent fish of 3-4 ages is cultivated all the year round from spring, the ratio of male and female is 3-4: 1, before reproduction, intensive cultivation is carried out, parent fish feed for the rainbow trout is fed regularly and quantitatively every day, parent fish nutrition powder capable of improving the quality of egg grains is added into the daily ration of the parent fish, and egg collection and sperm collection are started when the parent fish is in heat;
(2) artificial insemination: when the water temperature reaches 10-12 ℃, inducing the female fish to ovulate by injecting exogenous drugs, and injecting for 2 times at intervals of about 18 hours; taking eggs and semen of mature parent fishes, inseminating by a dry method to obtain fertilized eggs, and cleaning the fertilized eggs by using cold spring water, wherein the temperature of the cold spring water is 10-15 ℃;
(3) artificial incubation: placing the obtained fertilized eggs in a parallel groove, and carrying out artificial incubation on the fertilized eggs, wherein the incubation water temperature is 7-10 ℃, the incubation water temperature is 10-11 ℃, the incubation dissolved oxygen content is controlled to be more than 5mg/L, and the decay process avoids vibration;
(4) fry rearing: the seedling raising and cultivation are carried out in an indoor cement pond with the specification of 1m multiplied by 1.2m, and the stocking density is 4-5 kg/m2Firstly feeding fry bait to the fry, and feeding special compound feed for the high-protein fry after 15 days of age, wherein the cultivation water temperature is 10-18 ℃, the dissolved oxygen in the water is not lower than 6mg/L, and the pH value is 7-7.5;
(5) daily management: comprises water quality management and disease prevention and treatment;
water quality management: daily monitoring dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, pH and water temperature of the fry culture pond, periodically monitoring water quality change, periodically putting probiotics into water and inflating by adopting an inflator pump;
disease prevention and treatment: mainly used for preventing and treating gill rot, saprolegniasis, enteritis and ichthyophthiriasis, and during parent fish introduction domestication and cultivation and fry cultivation, the pesticide bait for plant diseases and insect pests is thrown into water.
8. The rainbow trout artificial breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (1), the parent fish nutrition powder is prepared by mixing shrimp powder, crab powder and yeast powder according to a mass ratio of 6-7: 5-6: 1, wherein the shrimp powder and the crab powder are powder with a particle size of 20-25 mu m; the density of parent fish cultivation is 5-10 kg/m2(ii) a The water temperature is controlled to be 8-12 ℃ 6 months before spawning, the water injection amount is increased before sexual maturity, and the sunshine time is not more than 12 hours.
9. The rainbow trout artificial breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (2), after semen is collected, the activation condition of the semen is observed through microscopic examination, and if the semen qualified through microscopic examination cannot be inseminated in time, the semen is firstly frozen and stored at the temperature of-10 to-5 ℃.
10. The rainbow trout artificial breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (5), the probiotics are prepared by mixing lactobacillus, bifidobacterium and bacillus subtilis according to the mass ratio of 1: 1-2; the water temperature is controlled to be 10-12 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is controlled to be 5-7 mg/L, the pH value is controlled to be 7-8.5, and the ammonia nitrogen does not exceed 1 mg/L; the water quality change monitoring time is as follows: the water quality change monitoring is carried out once a month in spring, summer and autumn, the monitoring is not carried out in winter, the monitoring is carried out continuously for 10 days each time, and the measuring time is 10 am, 12 am and 2 pm, 4 pm and 6 pm respectively.
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Application publication date: 20191227 |