CN109496927A - A kind of efficient comprehensive breeding method of pearl rough gentian grouper - Google Patents
A kind of efficient comprehensive breeding method of pearl rough gentian grouper Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
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- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of efficient comprehensive breeding methods of pearl rough gentian grouper, comprising the following steps: (1) before cultivation starts, is first cleaned up the pond cultivating pool, shines the pool and sterilizing operation, then discharged water and apply fertilizer；(2) pearl rough gentian grouper is put in a suitable place to breed；(3) Penaeus Vannmei is put in a suitable place to breed, harvesting is sold after culture of Penaeus vannamei 50~80 days, puts within 6~15 days after preceding stubble Penaeus Vannmei harvesting lower stubble Penaeus Vannmei in a suitable place to breed, the breeding density of pearl rough gentian grouper is 0.5~4 times of the breeding density of Penaeus Vannmei；(4) macro and/or higher aquatic plants are cultivated in pond；(5) multiple cultivated animals are uniformly launched in pond and hide case, and it is hollow polyhedral structure that the cultivated animals, which hide case, is respectively equipped with multiple holes on each face, the size of each hole is not exactly the same.It is an advantage of the invention that water body utilization rate and breeding efficiency can be improved, mutually killing and devouring for pearl rough gentian grouper is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, and in particular to a kind of efficient integrated culture side of pearl rough gentian grouper
Method.
Background technique
Pearl rough gentian grouper is also known as dragon and tiger spot or many spotted, is cultivated with rough gentian lithosporic (male) and tiger spot (mother)
The hybridization novel species grouper come, fine and tender taste, growth is quick, premunition is strong, has the external form of tiger spot head, rough gentian tail, shows miscellaneous
Friendship advantage, the marketable fish market price is good, can also be as ornamental fish, wide market.Currently, pearl rough gentian grouper has become
Function carries out biological engineering, forms breeding scale, and since the pearl rough gentian speed of growth is fast, premunition is strong, occupy Hainan rapidly
The 70% of Grouper cultivating amount becomes the first kind of Grouper cultivating.
However, traditional artificial breeding mode, there are Water space utilization rate is low, the single problem of cultivation type is precious at present
The artificial breeding of pearl rough gentian grouper is main or uses the extensive aquaculture model of unification, the aquaculture model not only Water space
Utilization rate is low, and the economic benefit is not high, and is easy to bring pollution to environment: in the extensive aquaculture model of unification, cultured fishes
Fish excreta, residual bait for generating in the process etc. accumulate in water body, will lead to Dissolved Oxygen in Water decline, so as to cause water
Body eutrophication, while easily the disease of fish being caused to occur, seriously affect the economic benefit and ecological benefits of cultivation, Er Qieyang
The discharge for growing sewage is also unfavorable for the sustainable development of marine environment.
In addition, the grouper that individual differs greatly can cut one another's throats, and parent population during traditional Grouper cultivating
It eats fry phenomenon.In order to avoid this problem, poultry feeders are generallyd use when putting in a suitable place to breed puts the grouper of different size
It supports in different ponds, however due to individual difference and differentiation, the grouper growth having in the breeding process is fast, some growths
Slowly, easily occur the case where individual differs greatly again after cultivating a period of time, if seine at this time fishes and point pool, not only expend
A large amount of manpower and material resources, and also result in grouper and trauma infection contamination occur during the seine point pool, it adapts to easy when the new pool
The problems such as sick.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of efficient comprehensive breeding methods of pearl rough gentian grouper, to improve water body utilization rate
And breeding efficiency, reduce mutually killing and devouring for pearl rough gentian grouper.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention uses following technical scheme, and a kind of pearl rough gentian grouper is efficiently comprehensive
Close cultural method, comprising the following steps: (1) before cultivation starts, first cleaned up the pond cultivating pool, shine the pool and sterilizing operation, so
After discharge water and apply fertilizer；(2) pearl rough gentian grouper is put in a suitable place to breed；(3) Penaeus Vannmei is put in a suitable place to breed, after culture of Penaeus vannamei 50~80 days
Harvesting sale, puts lower stubble Penaeus Vannmei in a suitable place to breed in 6~15 days after preceding stubble Penaeus Vannmei harvesting, pearl rough gentian grouper is put in a suitable place to breed
Density is 0.5~4 times of Penaeus Vannmei breeding density；(4) macro and/or higher aquatic plants are cultivated in pond；
(5) multiple cultivated animals are uniformly launched in pond and hide case, and it is hollow polyhedral structure that the cultivated animals, which hide case, is supported
It grows animal and hides and be respectively equipped with multiple holes on each face of case, the size of each hole is not exactly the same.
During existing pearl rough gentian Grouper cultivating, raiser is often excessive to feed in order to improve breeding income,
This not only causes a large amount of wastes of feed, also induces water body deterioration, induces fish body and lesion occurs.In addition, cultivated animals
It cuts one another's throats and always perplexs the major issue of raiser, Penaeus Vannmei and grouper have the behavior killed and devour mutually.This hair
It is bright by reasonably combined grouper, litopenaeus vannamei and macro and/or higher aquatic plants, take full advantage of water body
Space and food resource are conducive to the utilization rate, bait utilization and the breeding efficiency that improve water body, and improve in the breeding process
Water quality condition, reduces the discharge of aquaculture wastewater, improves breeding efficiency.Specifically, Penaeus Vannmei is Omnivore,
Grouper is flesh-eater, macro and/or higher aquatic plants as primary producer, can absorb water in growth course
Polluter in body improves water quality, improves water body dissolved oxygen, and the residual bait excrement of cultivated animals can be used as algae or plant
Fertilizer, reduces the residual bait excrement bring water pollution of cultivated animals, and the harvesting and sale of algae or plant can also increase
The economic benefit of raiser.It using cultural method of the invention, greatly reduces and changes water frequency, average daily rate of water exchange is only
In the prior art, the rate of water exchange of the grouper of the same scale of construction of monoculture is 300~500%/day to 12~18%(), nearly equivalent to only needing
Moisture regular replenishment evaporation as one sees fit and absorbed, therefore the labor intensity of worker is reduced, water resource has been saved, cultivation is reduced
Sewage discharge.Uniformly launching multiple cultivated animals in pond to hide case can be that the lesser grouper of individual, prawn etc. provide
Living space is mutually killed and devour with place, reduction is hidden, in addition, cultivated animals hide case can provide attachment space for aufwuch,
The quantity for improving aufwuch enriches the species diversity of water body, enriches the feed source of cultivated animals.And due to supporting
It grows animal and hides and be respectively equipped with multiple holes on each face of case, therefore cultivated animals hide case and extraneous water body maintains flowing
And exchange, it ensure that cultivated animals hide the good water quality in case.
In application process, the ratio between breeding density of pearl rough gentian grouper and Penaeus Vannmei can be according to putting in a suitable place to breed by the present invention
Shi Zhenzhu rough gentian grouper, Penaeus Vannmei overall situation comprehensively consider, if being grouper than what is put in a suitable place to breed in 4~May
Fry and prawn shrimp seedling, the pearl rough gentian grouper mantissa that water body is put in a suitable place to breed per acre can be water body per acre and put Penaeus Vannmei tail in a suitable place to breed
Several 2~4 times, i.e., the breeding density of pearl rough gentian grouper is 2~4 times of Penaeus Vannmei breeding density at that time；If 7~
Before and after August part, if the rough gentian grouper weight put in a suitable place to breed at this time is larger or pond in the rough gentian grouper that cultivates grown to 200
~400g/ tail or so, and harvesting lists preceding stubble Penaeus Vannmei, need to put one batch of new shrimp seedling in a suitable place to breed, suitably can put one at this time more
The ratio between breeding density of a little Penaeus Vannmei shrimp seedlings, pearl rough gentian grouper and Penaeus Vannmei is more suitable for 0.5~2.
Further, the top that cultivated animals hide case is equipped with the net cage or cultivation long shoot grape caulerpa of plantation Gracilaria lichevoides
PVC bilayer mesh sheet or plantation sea purslane it is biological floating bed.The cultivated area of macro and/or higher aquatic plants is entire
The cultivated area of the 10~40% of the water surface, macro and/or higher aquatic plants is depending on the cultivation amount of aquatic livestock.Its
In, macro and/or higher aquatic plants are that Gracilaria lichevoides, long shoot grape are fainted one of algae, sea purslane or a variety of, work as kind
When feeding is sea purslane, sea purslane, pearl rough gentian grouper, the upgrowth situation of Penaeus Vannmei are best, effects of purification quality
Also optimal.
Preferably, the cultivated animals hide case and pass through one or more cable wire and plant the biological floating bed phase of sea purslane
Even, it is described it is biological floating bed include cultivation basket and being wrapped in the polyvinyl chloride foam plate above cultivation basket, the cultivation by geotextiles
Training basket is that wicker weaves, and the aperture that diameter is 1~2cm is evenly distributed in cultivation basket, and sea purslane is planted in cultivation basket
In aperture；The density of material that cultivated animals hide case is greater than density of sea water, and the thickness of the polyvinyl chloride foam plate of selection is with ecology
Subject to floating bed can float on the surface.Further, hide case, cable wire, biological floating bed overall buoyancy to increase cultivated animals,
Buoyant block is wound on cable wire respectively, the size of the buoyant block wound on every cable wire is identical, position of the buoyant block on cable wire
(referring mainly to height) is also identical, and the purpose is to be conducive to whole balance and stabilization.
Further, one or more " people " shaped blades have been respectively articulated on every cable wire, cable wire by stormy waves or
When water impact, blade can be rotated around cable wire, therefore can partially consume the impact force of stormy waves and water flow, and cultivation basket and cultivation are dynamic
Object hides case and is not easy to topple over, and improves the stability of system, further, since the rotation of blade, has stirred seawater, plays increase
The effect of dissolved oxygen.
Further, there is different scraggly protrusion in the outer surface that cultivated animals hide case, and effect is can
Increasing specific surface area, improves the adhesive rate and diversity of organism of biology, and then is conducive to the reparation in habitat, enriches cultivated animals
Feed source.
Further, each cultivated animals hide case shape it is not exactly the same, it is also not exactly the same with a distance from bottom of pond (logical
Cross the length control of cable wire), the shape that cultivated animals hide case can be rectangular-shape, hexahedron shape, irregular polyhedron
Shape etc..
Further, scallop, basket fish etc. can be also raised together in pond simultaneously.
In order to grow cultivated animals preferably, different feeds can be fed in the different breeding stage of grouper and prawn
And feed specification, to meet the feature of ingesting of cultivated animals, and preferably meet the nutritional need of cultivated animals.But in same a period of time
Phase, different processing groups use same feed.
Further, it uses one time of nutrition reinforcing agent within every 8~20 days, is used continuously 2~3 days every time, daily dosage is
The 5%~15% of feed relative is fed, feeding can be mixed and fed.The nutrition enhancer by following mass fraction each component preparation and
At: 30~35 parts of conch meal, 12~15 parts dry of dried silkworm chrysalis meal, 6~9 parts dry of hawthorn powder, dry clam worm powder 8~10
Part, 2 parts of fish oil, 1 part of compound vitamin.Nutrition enhancer of the invention can effectively improve the immunity of cultivated animals, nutrition enhancing
The frequency of use of agent can be determined according to upgrowth situation, water quality condition of the density, cultivated animals put in a suitable place to breed etc., if breeding density is big,
Can have additional nutrients the frequency of use of reinforcing agent, can also suitably increase usage amount in the mid-term of prawn shell or later period, with preferably
For prawn supplement calcium.
Further, it uses a bacteriostatic agent within every 5~30 days, is used continuously 3~5 days every time, daily dosage is per acre
400~500g of water body, when use, can be first with seawater by bacteriostatic agent dissolved dilutions of the invention, then uniformly splash into pond.Institute
State bacteriostatic agent the preparation method is as follows: (1) weighs each component of following mass fraction: 15~20 parts of honeysuckle, viola mandshurica 5~
6 parts, 9~10 parts of mulberry leaf, 1~2 part of azedarach, 4~5 parts of cactus, 3~5 parts of granatum；(2) by load weighted viola mandshurica
It grinds, the purified water that weight is 8 times of viola mandshurica total weight is added, puts the revolving speed in oscillator with 120~200r/min
After room temperature shakes 2h, impregnated 30~40 minutes under 50~60 DEG C of water bath conditions, centrifuging and taking supernatant；(3) by azedarach, celestial being
The palm, granatum grind respectively, and stir and evenly mix, and obtain mixture A, digest 120~150min, enzymatic hydrolysis with glucose oxidase
Temperature is 25 DEG C, and the dosage of glucose oxidase is 200U/g mixture A；(4) by load weighted honeysuckle, mulberry leaf, step (2)
Resulting supernatant and the resulting enzymatic hydrolysis mixture of step (3) mix, and ultrasonication 30 minutes；It (5) will be obtained by step (4)
Mixture dry at 35~40 DEG C in an oven, be ground into powdery to get.When pond breeding density is big, or in diseases such as summers
The frequency of use that sick easily burst period can take the circumstances into consideration to increase bacteriostatic agent reduces disease incidence effectively to inhibit the harmful bacteria in water body,
Improve culture efficiency.
To sum up, compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that the present invention passes through reasonably combined grouper, vannamei boone pair
Shrimp and macro and/or higher aquatic plants take full advantage of space and the food resource of water body, are conducive to improve water body
Utilization rate, bait utilization and breeding efficiency, and improve water quality condition in the breeding process, reduce the row of aquaculture wastewater
It puts, improves breeding efficiency.Specifically, Penaeus Vannmei is Omnivore, grouper is flesh-eater, macro
And/or higher aquatic plants can absorb the polluter in water body as primary producer in growth course, improve water quality, mention
High water body dissolved oxygen, and the residual bait excrement of cultivated animals can be used as the fertilizer of algae or plant, reduce the residual bait of cultivated animals
Excrement bring water pollution, the harvesting and sale of algae or plant can also increase the economic benefit of raiser.Using this hair
Bright cultural method greatly reduces and changes water frequency, in the breeding process without frequently changing water, need to only take the circumstances into consideration regular replenishment evaporation
With the moisture of absorption, therefore the labor intensity of worker is reduced, saved water resource, reduces aquaculture wastewater discharge.In pond
In uniformly launch multiple cultivated animals and hide case and living space can be provided and hide field for the lesser grouper of individual, prawn etc.
Institute, reduction mutually kill and devour, in addition, cultivated animals hide case can provide attachment space for aufwuch, improve aufwuch
Quantity enriches the species diversity of water body, enriches the feed source of cultivated animals.And since cultivated animals hide each of case
Multiple holes are respectively equipped on a face, therefore cultivated animals hide case and maintain flowing with extraneous water body and exchange, and ensure that feeding
It grows animal and hides good water quality in case.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the cultivated animals of the embodiment of the present invention 1 hide case, cable wire and biological floating bed attachment structure schematic diagram；
Wherein, 1, cultivated animals hide case；2, cable wire；3, biological floating bed；11, hole；
21, buoyant block；22, blade；
31, cultivation basket.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment below facilitates a better understanding of the present invention, but does not limit the present invention.Experiment in following embodiments
Method is unless otherwise specified conventional method.
Embodiment 1
A kind of efficient comprehensive breeding method of pearl rough gentian grouper, comprising the following steps: (1) before cultivation starts, first to aquaculture pond
The pool is cleaned up the pond, shines the pool and sterilizing operation, is then discharged water and is applied fertilizer；(2) average 8025 tail specifications of putting in a suitable place to breed per acre are 62.5g/ tail
The pearl rough gentian grouper of left and right；(3) the average Penaeus Vannmei for putting a length of 1cm of 3203 tails or so body or so in a suitable place to breed per acre, South America
Harvesting is sold after white shrimp cultivates 50~80 days, puts lower stubble Penaeus Vannmei in a suitable place to breed within 6~15 days after preceding stubble Penaeus Vannmei harvesting；
(4) launch it is biological floating bed, it is biological floating bed upper kind be implanted with sea purslane, sea purslane cultivated area is the 20% of the entire water surface, sea purslane branch
Item is purchased from Xiamen of Fujian Province, and 11.65 ± 1.59g of Weight per plant, 20~25cm of length, branch is fresh and tender, and surface is not damaged；(5) in pond
In uniformly launch multiple cultivated animals and hide case 1, as shown in Figure 1, it is hollow rectangular parallelepiped structure that the cultivated animals, which hide case,
Cultivated animals, which are hidden, is respectively equipped with multiple holes 11 on each face of case, and the size of each hole 11 is not exactly the same；
The cultivated animals hide case and are connected by a plurality of cable wire 2 with biological floating bed the 3 of plantation sea purslane, described biological floating bed
3 include cultivation basket 31 and are wrapped in the polyvinyl chloride foam plate above cultivation basket by geotextiles, and the cultivation basket 31 is wicker
It weaves, the aperture that diameter is 1~2cm is evenly distributed in cultivation basket 31, sea purslane is planted in the aperture of cultivation basket 31；
The density of material that cultivated animals hide case 1 is greater than density of sea water, and the thickness of the polyvinyl chloride foam plate of selection is with biological floating bed 3 energy
Subject to floating on the surface；
Buoyant block 21 is wound on the cable wire 2 respectively, the size of the buoyant block 21 wound on every cable wire is identical, buoyant block 21
Position (referring mainly to height) on cable wire 2 is also identical, and the purpose is to be conducive to whole balance and stabilization；Divide on every cable wire
It is not hinged with multiple " people " shaped blades 22, when cable wire is by stormy waves or water impact, blade 22 can be rotated around cable wire, because
This can partially consume the impact force of stormy waves and water flow, and cultivation basket and cultivated animals hide case and are not easy to topple over, and improve the steady of system
It is qualitative, further, since the rotation of blade 22, has stirred seawater, play the effect for increasing dissolved oxygen.
In order to grow cultivated animals preferably, the different breeding stage of grouper and prawn feed different feed and
Feed specification to meet the feature of ingesting of cultivated animals, and preferably meets the nutritional need of cultivated animals.But in same a period of time
Phase, different processing groups use same feed.The mixed feed selected during experiment is limited purchased from the good biotechnology in Qingdao seven
Company feeds 2 times daily, and Feeding time is 7:00 and 17:00；Feeding volume is determined according to the vigor of ingesting of cultivated animals.Daily 5
It is secondary to patrol pond, observe the activity situations of cultivated animals in time, each position has without exception, discovery dead fish disease fish is pulled out in time and remembers in detail
Record.
Embodiment 2
Compared with Example 1, the present embodiment has following distinctive points: in step (2), averagely putting 10059 tail specifications in a suitable place to breed per acre is
The pearl rough gentian grouper of 61.7g/ tail or so；In step (3), the average South America for putting a length of 1cm of 4512 urosomes or so in a suitable place to breed per acre
White shrimp.In the present invention, sea purslane cultivated area is the 25% of the entire water surface, and each cultivated animals hide the incomplete phase of shape of case
Together, also not exactly the same with a distance from bottom of pond (being controlled by the length of cable wire), the shape that cultivated animals hide case can be length
Cube shape, hexahedron shape, irregular polyhedral etc..
Embodiment 3
Compared with Example 1, the present embodiment has following distinctive points: average to put 11979 tails or so specification in a suitable place to breed per acre in step (2)
For the pearl rough gentian grouper of 63.4g/ tail or so；In step (3), the average south for putting a length of 1cm of 3922 urosomes or so in a suitable place to breed per acre
Penaeus vannamei.It is gone back in pond while raising together scallop, basket fish.In the present invention, sea purslane cultivated area is the 32% of the entire water surface.
Embodiment 4
Compared with Example 1, the present embodiment has following distinctive points: in step (2), averagely putting 8505 tails or so specification in a suitable place to breed per acre is
The pearl rough gentian grouper of 342.5g/ tail or so；In step (3), the average South America for putting a length of 1cm of 4128 urosomes or so in a suitable place to breed per acre
White shrimp.In the present invention, sea purslane cultivated area is the 30% of the entire water surface.
Embodiment 5
Compared with Example 1, the present embodiment has following distinctive points: in step (2), averagely putting 10105 tail specifications in a suitable place to breed per acre is
The pearl rough gentian grouper of 60.8g/ tail or so；In step (3), the average South America for putting a length of 1cm of 4087 urosomes or so in a suitable place to breed per acre
White shrimp.In the present invention, sea purslane cultivated area is the 28% of the entire water surface.The outer surface that cultivated animals hide case has shape each
Different scraggly protrusion, effect is that specific surface area can be improved, and improves the adhesive rate and diversity of organism of biology, in turn
Be conducive to the reparation in habitat, enrich the feed source of cultivated animals.
Embodiment 6
Compared with Example 1, the present embodiment has following distinctive points: average to put 12006 tails or so specification in a suitable place to breed per acre in step (2)
For the pearl rough gentian grouper of 64.3g/ tail or so；It is average to put a length of 1cm of 3342 tails or so body or so in a suitable place to breed per acre in step (3)
Penaeus Vannmei；Sea purslane cultivated area is the 35% of the entire water surface；In the breeding process, one time of nutrition is used within every 8~20 days
Reinforcing agent is used continuously 2~3 days every time, and daily dosage is feed feed relative 5%~15%, can mix feeding and feed.The battalion
It supports reinforcing agent to be prepared by each component of following mass fraction: 35 parts of conch meal, 12 parts dry of dried silkworm chrysalis meal, dry hawthorn
8 parts of powder, 10 parts dry of clam worm powder, 2 parts of fish oil, 1 part of compound vitamin.To improve the immunity of cultivated animals.Nutrition enhancer
Frequency of use can according to upgrowth situation, water quality condition of the density, cultivated animals put in a suitable place to breed etc. determine, can if breeding density is big
Have additional nutrients the frequency of use of reinforcing agent, can also suitably increase usage amount in the mid-term of prawn shell or later period, to be preferably
Prawn supplement calcium.
Embodiment 7
Compared with Example 1, the present embodiment has following distinctive points: in step (2), averagely putting 8516 tail specifications in a suitable place to breed per acre is
The pearl rough gentian grouper of 63.2g/ tail or so；In step (3), the average South America for putting a length of 1cm of 3303 urosomes or so in a suitable place to breed per acre
White shrimp；Sea purslane cultivated area is the 30% of the entire water surface；In the breeding process, enhanced using one time of nutrition within every 8~20 days
Agent is used continuously 2~3 days every time, and daily dosage is feed feed relative 5%~15%, can mix feeding and feed.The nutrition increases
Strong agent is prepared by each component of following mass fraction: 32 parts of conch meal, 15 parts dry of dried silkworm chrysalis meal, dry hawthorn powder 6
Part, 8 parts dry of clam worm powder, 2 parts of fish oil, 1 part of compound vitamin.To improve the immunity of cultivated animals.Nutrition enhancer makes
It can be determined according to upgrowth situation, water quality condition of the density, cultivated animals put in a suitable place to breed etc. with frequency, if breeding density is big, can be increased
The frequency of use of nutrition enhancer can also suitably increase usage amount in the mid-term of prawn shell or later period, preferably for prawn
Supplement calcium.
Embodiment 8
Compared with Example 1, the present embodiment has following distinctive points: in step (2), averagely putting 8259 tail specifications in a suitable place to breed per acre is
The pearl rough gentian grouper of 62.4g/ tail or so；In step (3), the average South America for putting a length of 1cm of 4034 urosomes or so in a suitable place to breed per acre
White shrimp；Sea purslane cultivated area is the 20% of the entire water surface；In the breeding process, a bacteriostatic agent is used within every 5~30 days, often
Secondary continuous use 3~5 days, daily dosage are 400~500g of water body per acre, can first will be of the invention antibacterial with seawater when use
Agent dissolved dilution, then splash into pond.The bacteriostatic agent the preparation method is as follows: (1) weighs each group of following mass fraction
Point: 18 parts of honeysuckle, 6 parts of viola mandshurica, 9 parts of mulberry leaf, 1 part of azedarach, 4 parts of cactus, 3 parts of granatum；It (2) will be load weighted
Viola mandshurica grinds, and the purified water that weight is 8 times of viola mandshurica total weight is added, and puts in oscillator and is turned with 120r/min
After fast room temperature concussion 2h, impregnated 40 minutes under 50~60 DEG C of water bath conditions, centrifuging and taking supernatant；(3) by azedarach, celestial being
The palm, granatum grind respectively, and stir and evenly mix, and obtain mixture A, digest 120min, hydrolysis temperature with glucose oxidase
It is 25 DEG C, the dosage of glucose oxidase is 200U/g mixture A；It (4) will be obtained by load weighted honeysuckle, mulberry leaf, step (2)
Supernatant and the resulting enzymatic hydrolysis mixture of step (3) mix, ultrasonication 30 minutes；(5) step (4) is resulting mixed
Object is closed to dry at 35~40 DEG C in an oven, be ground into powdery to get.When pond breeding density is big, or it is easy in diseases such as summers
The frequency of use that burst period can take the circumstances into consideration to increase bacteriostatic agent reduces disease incidence effectively to inhibit the harmful bacteria in water body, improves
Culture efficiency.
Embodiment 9
Compared with Example 1, the present embodiment has following distinctive points: in step (2), averagely putting 12003 tail specifications in a suitable place to breed per acre is
The pearl rough gentian grouper of 61.3g/ tail or so；In step (3), the average South America for putting a length of 1cm of 4107 urosomes or so in a suitable place to breed per acre
White shrimp；Sea purslane cultivated area is the 40% of the entire water surface；It uses a bacteriostatic agent within every 5~30 days, 3~5 is used continuously every time
It, daily dosage is 400~500g of water body per acre, when use can first with seawater by bacteriostatic agent dissolved dilution of the invention, then
It splashes into pond.The bacteriostatic agent the preparation method is as follows: (1) weighs each component of following mass fraction: 16 parts of honeysuckle,
5 parts of viola mandshurica, 10 parts of mulberry leaf, 2 parts of azedarach, 5 parts of cactus, 4 parts of granatum；(2) load weighted viola mandshurica is ground
It crushes, the purified water that weight is 8 times of viola mandshurica total weight is added, puts in oscillator and 2h is shaken with the revolving speed room temperature of 150r/min
Afterwards, it is impregnated 30 minutes under 50~60 DEG C of water bath conditions, centrifuging and taking supernatant；(3) azedarach, cactus, granatum are distinguished
It grinds, and stirs and evenly mixs, obtain mixture A, digest 150min with glucose oxidase, hydrolysis temperature is 25 DEG C, glucose
The dosage of oxidizing ferment is 200U/g mixture A；(4) by load weighted honeysuckle, mulberry leaf, the resulting supernatant of step (2) and
The resulting enzymatic hydrolysis mixture of step (3) mixes, and ultrasonication 30 minutes；(5) in an oven by step (4) resulting mixture
Dried at 35~40 DEG C, be ground into powdery to get.When pond breeding density is big, or it can drink in the easy burst period of the diseases such as summer
Feelings increase the frequency of use of bacteriostatic agent, effectively to inhibit the harmful bacteria in water body, reduce disease incidence, improve culture efficiency.
Control group 1
A kind of pearl rough gentian Grouper cultivating method, comprising the following steps: (1) before cultivation starts, first cultivating pool is carried out clear
The pool and sterilizing operation are shone in the pool, then discharge water and apply fertilizer；(2) average to put the treasure that 9367 tail specifications are 62.8g/ tail or so in a suitable place to breed per acre
Pearl rough gentian grouper.During cultivation, rate of water exchange 400%d-1, true referring to traditional grouper single type flowing water culture mode experience
It is fixed.The different breeding stage during cultivation in grouper feeds different feed and feed specification, to meet ingesting for grouper
Feature, and preferably meet the nutritional need of grouper.But in the same period, different processing groups uses same feed.It is real
The mixed feed selected during testing is fed 2 times daily purchased from the good Biotechnology Co., Ltd in Qingdao seven, Feeding time be 7:00 and
17:00；Feeding volume is determined according to the vigor of ingesting of grouper, avoids residual bait from generating as far as possible；It feeds and is carried out after finishing 0.5h every time
Blowdown keeps water quality pure and fresh to remove the excrement of bottom of pond.Pond is patrolled 5 times a day, observes the activity situation, each of cultivated animals in time
Position have it is without exception, discovery dead fish disease fish pull out and record in detail in time.
Control group 2
A kind of pearl rough gentian Grouper cultivating method, comprising the following steps: (1) before cultivation starts, first cultivating pool is carried out clear
The pool and sterilizing operation are shone in the pool, then discharge water and apply fertilizer；(2) average to put the treasure that 8289 tail specifications are 344.8g/ tail or so in a suitable place to breed per acre
Pearl rough gentian grouper.During cultivation, rate of water exchange 400%d-1, true referring to traditional grouper single type flowing water culture mode experience
It is fixed.The different breeding stage of grouper feeds different feed and feed specification during cultivation, to meet the spy that ingests of grouper
Point, and preferably meet the nutritional need of grouper.But in the same period, different processing groups uses same feed.Experiment
Period select mixed feed be purchased from the good Biotechnology Co., Ltd in Qingdao seven, feed daily 2 times, Feeding time be 7:00 and
17:00；Feeding volume is determined according to the vigor of ingesting of grouper, avoids residual bait from generating as far as possible；It feeds and is carried out after finishing 0.5h every time
Blowdown keeps water quality pure and fresh to remove the excrement of bottom of pond.Pond is patrolled 5 times a day, observes the activity situation, each of cultivated animals in time
Position have it is without exception, discovery dead fish disease fish pull out and record in detail in time.
The experiment time started of embodiment 1-3, embodiment 5-9 and control group 1 be on April 27th, 2018, grouper in
On May 16th, 2018 starts to put in a suitable place to breed, and experiment on October 7th, 2018 terminates harvesting grouper, and cultivating workshop is respectively positioned on Shandong east
Laizhou branch company, ocean limited liability company Zhu Wang nursery.
The experiment time started of embodiment 4 and control group 2 is on July 28th, 2017, and grouper was thrown on August 7th, 2017
It puts, is risen at the end of testing on October 15th, 2017 and mend grouper.The culture experiment of all experimental groups and control group is in Shan Dongdong
Laizhou branch company, Fang Haiyang limited liability company Zhu Wang nursery is completed.
Experimental result
The cultural method of embodiment 1- embodiment 9 during cultivation hardly must blowdown, greatly reduce and change water frequency, according to reality
Applying the average daily rate of water exchange of a cultural method for 1- embodiment 9 is only 12~18%, the water that embodiment 1- embodiment 9 is cultivated
It is complementary to produce animal feeding habits, and the residual bait excrement in breeding process can be used as the fertilizer of sea purslane, reduce the residual of cultivated animals
Bait excrement bring water pollution.
3 repetitions are respectively set in each embodiment group and control group, and reason group Dissolved Oxygen in Water changes model everywhere during experiment
It encloses for 6.5 ~ 9.3mg/L, does not occur grouper anoxic conditions during cultivation；The variation range of salinity is between 28 ~ 30；PH variation
Range is 7.42 ~ 7.96.When grouper is put in a suitable place to breed and harvests, the pearl rough gentian grouper whole story average weight situation of each processing group is shown in
Following table:
1 pearl rough gentian grouper growing state of table
| Processing | Initial weight/g | End weight/g | Survival rate/% |
| Embodiment 1 | 62.5±2.77 | 648.1±24.78 | 78.1 |
| Embodiment 2 | 61.7±2.12 | 647.8±49.67 | 74.5 |
| Embodiment 3 | 63.4±1.89 | 648.2±32.25 | 72.4 |
| Embodiment 4 | 342.5±6.23 | 633.8±36.31 | 88.9 |
| Embodiment 5 | 60.8±2.56 | 658.5±45.33 | 78.2 |
| Embodiment 6 | 64.3±3.11 | 684.2±56.44 | 80.4 |
| Embodiment 7 | 63.2±2.86 | 692.7±47.56 | 76.7 |
| Embodiment 8 | 62.4±2.94 | 686.6±30.45 | 81.2 |
| Embodiment 9 | 61.3±1.72 | 679.8±25.61 | 83.4 |
| Control group 1 | 62.8±2.36 | 570.3±45.84 | 58.1 |
| Control group 2 | 344.8±6.47 | 552.2±40.67 | 73.8 |
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that: those skilled in the art are come
It says, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvement can also be made, these improvement should be regarded as protection model of the invention
It encloses.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of efficient comprehensive breeding method of pearl rough gentian grouper, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included: (1) cultivation starts
Before, it first cleaned up the pond cultivating pool, shine the pool and sterilizing operation, then discharged water and apply fertilizer；(2) pearl rough gentian grouper is put in a suitable place to breed；
(3) Penaeus Vannmei is put in a suitable place to breed, harvesting is sold after culture of Penaeus vannamei 50~80 days, 6 after preceding stubble Penaeus Vannmei harvesting~
Put within 15 days lower stubble Penaeus Vannmei in a suitable place to breed, the breeding density of pearl rough gentian grouper is the 0.5~4 of the breeding density of Penaeus Vannmei
Times；(4) macro and/or higher aquatic plants are cultivated in pond；(5) multiple cultivated animals are uniformly launched in pond to hide
Keep away case, it is hollow polyhedral structure that the cultivated animals, which hide case, cultivated animals hide be respectively equipped on each face of case it is more
The size of a hole, each hole is not exactly the same.
2. the efficient comprehensive breeding method of pearl rough gentian grouper according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: cultivated animals are hided
The top for keeping away case is equipped with the net cage of plantation Gracilaria lichevoides or cultivates the PVC bilayer mesh sheet of long shoot grape caulerpa or plant sea purslane
It is biological floating bed.
3. the efficient comprehensive breeding method of pearl rough gentian grouper according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the cultivation
Animal hides case and is connected by one or more cable wire with plantation the biological floating bed of sea purslane, described biological floating bed including cultivation basket
With the polyvinyl chloride foam plate being wrapped in above cultivation basket by geotextiles, the cultivation basket is that wicker weaves, cultivation basket
On be evenly distributed with diameter be 1~2cm aperture, sea purslane plant in the aperture of cultivation basket；Cultivated animals hide the material of case
Expect that density is greater than density of sea water, the thickness of the polyvinyl chloride foam plate of selection is subject to and biological floating bed can float on the surface.
4. the efficient comprehensive breeding method of pearl rough gentian grouper according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: on cable wire respectively
It is wound with buoyant block, the size of the buoyant block wound on every cable wire is identical.
5. the efficient comprehensive breeding method of pearl rough gentian grouper according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: on every cable wire
It has been respectively articulated with one or more " people " shaped blades.
6. the efficient comprehensive breeding method of pearl rough gentian grouper according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: cultivated animals are hided
There is different scraggly protrusion in the outer surface for keeping away case.
7. the efficient comprehensive breeding method of pearl rough gentian grouper according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: every 8~20 days
Using one time of nutrition reinforcing agent, it is used continuously 2~3 days every time, daily dosage is feed feed relative 5%~15%.
8. the efficient comprehensive breeding method of pearl rough gentian grouper according to claim 7, it is characterised in that:, the nutrition
Reinforcing agent is prepared by each component of following mass fraction: 30~35 parts of conch meal, 12~15 parts dry of dried silkworm chrysalis meal, drying
6~9 parts of hawthorn powder, 8~10 parts dry of clam worm powder, 2 parts of fish oil, 1 part of compound vitamin.
9. the efficient comprehensive breeding method of pearl rough gentian grouper according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: every 5~30 days
It using a bacteriostatic agent, is used continuously 3~5 days every time, daily dosage is 400~500g of water body per acre.
10. the efficient comprehensive breeding method of pearl rough gentian grouper according to claim 9, it is characterised in that: described antibacterial
Agent the preparation method is as follows: (1) weighs each component of following mass fraction: 15~20 parts of honeysuckle, 5~6 parts of viola mandshurica, mulberry
9~10 parts of leaf, 1~2 part of azedarach, 4~5 parts of cactus, 3~5 parts of granatum；(2) by load weighted viola mandshurica grounds travel
It is broken, the purified water that weight is 8 times of viola mandshurica total weight is added, puts in oscillator and is shaken with the revolving speed room temperature of 120~200r/min
After swinging 2h, impregnated 30~40 minutes under 50~60 DEG C of water bath conditions, centrifuging and taking supernatant；(3) by azedarach, cactus, stone
Pomegranate skin is ground respectively, and is stirred and evenly mixed, and mixture A is obtained, and digests 120~150min, hydrolysis temperature with glucose oxidase
It is 25 DEG C, the dosage of glucose oxidase is 200U/g mixture A；It (4) will be obtained by load weighted honeysuckle, mulberry leaf, step (2)
Supernatant and the resulting enzymatic hydrolysis mixture of step (3) mix, ultrasonication 30 minutes；(5) step (4) is resulting mixed
Object is closed to dry at 35~40 DEG C in an oven, be ground into powdery to get.
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| CN111134050A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-05-12 | 海南晨海水产有限公司 | Grouper and siganus guttatus circulating water mixed culture method |
| CN111480568A (en) * | 2020-04-11 | 2020-08-04 | 湖南文理学院 | Environment-friendly algae culture device |
| CN115005145A (en) * | 2022-06-13 | 2022-09-06 | 浙江省海洋水产研究所 | Device and method for treating culture water of bream with snout |
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