CN108432562A - The artificial cultivation and collecting method of macleaya cordata - Google Patents
The artificial cultivation and collecting method of macleaya cordata Download PDFInfo
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- CN108432562A CN108432562A CN201810199119.4A CN201810199119A CN108432562A CN 108432562 A CN108432562 A CN 108432562A CN 201810199119 A CN201810199119 A CN 201810199119A CN 108432562 A CN108432562 A CN 108432562A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D91/00—Methods for harvesting agricultural products
- A01D91/04—Products growing above the soil
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Abstract
The artificial cultivation and collecting method of macleaya cordata.Macleaya cordata is a kind of Chinese herbal medicine suitable for hills growth, extracts its alkaloid pharmacy, is the best substitute of antibiotic, in recent years the huge market demand, and supply falls short of demand for wild resource, and the invention discloses a kind of by the wild artificial cultivation and collecting method for changing family's kind of macleaya cordata.This method focuses on thin planting, harvests in time, technical specification, stable high yield, and convenient for management, sow in spring and reap in autumn, and current year is benefited, and good in economic efficiency, production cost is low, is that medicinal material plants the good social connections got rich by science and technology.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of artificial cultivation of macleaya cordata and collecting methods, belong to production of crude drugs field.
Background technology
Before the present invention is undisclosed, there are no macleaya cordata artificial cultivation occurred and harvested larger area high yield and bumper harvest
Reliable method.Macleaya cordata system conventional Chinese medicine, alias vanilla, acute diseases such as cholera and sunstroke medicinal herbs have sweating detoxify, eliminate summer heat and remove dampness, diuresis with all herbal medicine
The effect of detumescence.The rich field that falls belongs to herbaceos perennial, likes sunlight, drought-enduring, for plant height up to 3-4 meters, complete stool contains orange-yellow liquid
Body.Macleaya cordata extracts have the function of antibacterial desinsection, can be widely used in medicine, daily use chemicals, livestock feed additive.In recent years
It was found that macleaya cordata fruit pod and the natural substitute that contained sanguinarine in blade is antibiotics medicine so that macleaya cordata value times
Increase, supply falls short of demand, is persistently risen with the speed of demand annual 30%, and it is another emerging that macleaya cordata is accelerating to be formed medicinal material plantation
Industry.The ground such as macleaya cordata main product south China Hunan, Fujian, Guangxi, Jiangxi, be mainly grown in 150-830 meters of height above sea level hills,
Low mountain forest, shrubbery, thick grass, roadside etc., in recent years, since wild resource is reduced, the huge market demand, people attempt artificial cultivation
Method, but macleaya cordata it is wild change family kind after, due to lacking experience, method is improper, is planted especially with larger area, generally sows
Close, leaf and fruit pod yield is not high, and it is improper to harvest in addition, and qualification rate is low, and economic benefit is caused to reduce.For this purpose, vast plantation agriculture
Family is urgently sought larger area stable high yield artificial cultivation and is realized with the method for harvesting macleaya cordata with solving the demand and supply contraction
The two-win that Cotton Varieties by Small Farming Households is processed with company.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of artificial cultivation of macleaya cordata and collecting method, this method focuses on thin planting, and
Shi Caishou, technical specification, high yield and bumper harvest, convenient for management, sow in spring and reap in autumn, and current year is benefited, and production cost is low, good in economic efficiency, is
Medicinal material plants the good social connections got rich by science and technology.
To achieve the above object, the present invention a kind of artificial cultivation and collecting method of macleaya cordata, including seeding and seedling raising, field
Management, harvesting three production management steps of drying, method main points are：
One, seeding and seedling raising
(1) preferably before soil sowing, the good sand soil of the loose fertile drainage of selection；Gutter has been dug when whole soil, has been reached
Effect without ponding after to rain；Planting site first applies a base fertilizer, applies 1000 kilograms of farm manure pigs and cattle excrement per acre and composite fertilizer 50 is public
Jin；
(2) seed point must be sowed ground by program request nursery annual November to January in the coming year；0.5 kilogram of seed is prepared per acre
+ 25 kilograms of plant ash of+10 kilograms of calcium and magnesium phosphorus mix program request thoroughly, and thickness of sowing is 80 × 80 centimetres or 80 × 100 centimetres of seeding row spacing, often
Mu 800-1000 plants of seedling of control.
(3) seedbed nursery also may be selected in seedbed nursery, 80 kilograms of kind is used per acre, in the ratio of seed and plant ash 1: 15
It mixes thoroughly and disseminates, when seedling is grown to 5 centimetres or so, start to transplant.
Two, field management
(1) thinning is needed when thinning seedling grows to 5 centimetres or so, 2-3 plants of seedling is stayed per the root and stem of certain plants；
(2) draining is unable to ponding or is planted in high-water content ground, and spring rainwater is more, and draining has to keep clear,
Achieve the effect that rain is cut off the water to disappear；
(3) the necessary artificial weeding of weeding cannot play herbicide, and the weeding time is generally primary by the end of April, in mid-June one
It is secondary, it is found that lack the root and stem of certain plants fills the gaps with seedlings in time；
(4) fertilising fertilising carries out in three times, first, apply seed manure, when 50-80 centimetres of seedling stage plant height, applies composite fertilizer 25 per acre
Kilogram or 50 kilograms of organic fertilizer, help seedling to grow；Second is that Shi Guofei, when 100 centimetres of fast boltings of plant height, boron fertilizer is imposed, applies 3 per acre
Parcel, 15 kilograms of often packet water distribution spray blade face, and leaf and fruit pod growth is promoted to open；Third, apply winter top dressing, in conjunction with cut the root and stem of certain plants, loosen the soil into
The root root and stem of certain plants is chopped to inclined-plane for liftoff 5 centimetres or so, then hollow position is cut brokenly by row, the annual 11-12 months, the plant after harvesting, then
It loosens the soil around the root root and stem of certain plants primary, while applying 25 kilograms of 50 kilograms of farm manure or composite fertilizer per acre, to help continuous kind of the coming year；
(5) diseases prevention root rot often occurs in the 4-6 months, uses 50% thiophanate wettable powder, 1000 times of solution or more
The 1000 times of solution preventions of bacterium spirit wettable powder；Southern blight often occurs in the 7-9 months, benzene first propiconazole or Amici can be used to reach water-soluble
Liquid sprays plant root and is prevented；Insect pest is easily broken out in 4-7 month large area, once finding to prevent in time, is selected efficiently low
Malicious nonpersistent pesticide lambda-cyhalothrin or tebufenozide prevention；
(6) when beating leaf plant height and growing to 1.5-2 meters, to keep aerial part ventilated, plant lower face leaflet need to be destroyed
Son, every plant of leaf that need to retain 10 or so；Preservation can still be dried by laying leafiness come.
Three, harvesting drying
(1) leaf, which harvests, carries out first leaf harvesting 7-8 months, the looser cyan leaf of selection, discard yellow leaf,
Dead leaf and worm bite leaf, retain 8-10 piece leaves at the top of plant, to ensure the normal growth of fruit pod；Leaf and petiole can be cut into length
2 centimetres or so, system is separately shone, is easy to dry in this way；It is separately packed after parching completely, is placed on dry ventilated place, it must
Dry plank must be cushioned, prevents from getting damp mouldy infested；Second batch leaf, which harvests, to carry out the 8-10 months, and is harvested together with fruit pod.
(2) general being carried out in late September of fruit pod harvesting First Year life, it is perennial generally to be carried out in early August, when
Seed in fruit pod it is most of at yellowish-brown when, you can harvesting, it is unsuitable too early or too late.
(3) pack storage dries harvesting on the leaf and fruit pod of rear qualification, to pack in time, and pack is preserved not send out
Hot, not mouldy is standard.Pack will be placed on shady and cool dry, ventilated indoor storage, be diligent in checking, prevent from drenching with rain, get damp,
It is mouldy, damage by worms, the generations such as the plague of rats.
Specific implementation mode
Xinning County is located in subtropical zone innerland, Resources In Nanling, China northern foot, four seasons warmer climate moistening, the warm macleaya cordata of very suitable happiness
Growth, this county are major production areas and the production base of traditional Chinese medicine constructing emphases county of Hunan Province's Chinese herbal medicine, and wild resource is abundant, and peasant household has good
Good plantation basis and custom.Xinning County Yong Xin medicinal materials development corporation, Ltd., adaptation to local conditions, positive popularizing planting macleaya cordata take
Preferable effect is obtained, now in the method for Company+Peasant Household, develops more than 4000 mus, accounts for the 80% of the whole province's macleaya cordata plantation yield.
Embodiment, the advantageous effect that the present invention is further explained are planted with reference to macleaya cordata.A kind of macleaya cordata it is artificial
Cultivation and collecting method, including seeding and seedling raising, field management, harvesting three production management steps of drying, specific method is：
One, seeding and seedling raising
1, preferably before soil sowing, the good sand soil of the loose fertile drainage of selection；Gutter has been dug when whole soil, has been reached
Effect without ponding after to rain；Planting site first applies a base fertilizer, applies 1000 kilograms of farm manure pigs and cattle excrement per acre and composite fertilizer 50 is public
Jin；If ground of opening up wasteland can not play herbicide.
2, seed point must be sowed ground by January in program request nursery annual November to rice year；Prepare per acre 0.5 kilogram of seed+
+ 25 kilograms of plant ash of 10 kilograms of calcium and magnesium phosphorus mix program request thoroughly, and thickness of sowing is 80 × 80 centimetres or 80 × 100 centimetres of seeding row spacing, often
Mu 800-1000 plants of seedling of control, it is unsuitable overstocked.
3, seedbed nursery also may be selected in seedbed nursery, per acre with 80 kilograms of kind, is mixed in the ratio of seed and plant ash 1: 15
It is even to disseminate, when seedling is grown to 5 centimetres or so, start to transplant.
Two, field management
Front and back emergence the Ching Ming Festival usually, is just presented two panels ellipse blade when emergence, third piece leaf is in flipper shape, and 5
Temperature increases after month, and growth is rapid, and this period should mainly carry out the works such as thinning, draining, weeding, fertilising, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Make.
1, thinning is needed when thinning seedling grows to 5 centimetres or so, 2-3 plants of seedling is stayed per the root and stem of certain plants.
2, the happiness of draining macleaya cordata is dry avoids flood, is unable to ponding or is planted in high-water content ground, spring rainwater is more, draining
It has to keep clear, achievees the effect that rain is cut off the water and disappear.
3, the necessary artificial weeding of weeding, cannot play herbicide；The weeding time is generally primary by the end of April, in mid-June one
It is secondary, specifically see that weeds growing way, weeds cannot be overstocked, not above seedling；It was found that lacking the root and stem of certain plants should fill the gaps with seedlings in time.
4, fertilising fertilising carries out in three times, first, apply seed manure, when 50-80 centimetres of seedling stage plant height, it is public to apply composite fertilizer 25 per acre
50 kilograms of jin or organic fertilizer, help seedling to grow；Second is that Shi Guofei, when 100 centimetres of fast boltings of plant height, boron fertilizer is imposed, it is small to apply 3 per acre
Packet, 15 kilograms of often packet water distribution spray blade face, and leaf and fruit pod growth is promoted to open；Third, apply winter top dressing, in conjunction with cut the root and stem of certain plants, progress of loosening the soil,
The root root and stem of certain plants is chopped to inclined-plane for liftoff 5 centimetres or so, then hollow position is cut brokenly by the annual 11-12 months, the plant after harvesting, prevents rain
Water enters root and causes butt rot dead；It then loosens the soil around the root root and stem of certain plants primary, prevents soil layer hardened, while applying agriculture per acre
Family fertile 50 kilograms or 25 kilograms of composite fertilizer are conducive to that beginning of spring luxuriant is sturdy and emergence to help continuous kind of the coming year.
5, diseases prevention root rot often occurs in the 4-6 months, uses 50% thiophanate wettable powder, 1000 times of solution or more bacterium
The 1000 times of solution preventions of clever wettable powder；Southern blight often occurs in the 7-9 months, and benzene first propiconazole or Amici can be used to reach aqueous solution
Plant root is sprayed to be prevented；Insect pest is easily broken out in 4-7 month large area, once finding to prevent in time, selects high-efficiency low-toxicity
Nonpersistent pesticide lambda-cyhalothrin or tebufenozide prevention.
When 6, beating leaf plant height and growing to 1.5-2 meters, to keep aerial part ventilated, plant lower face leaflet need to be destroyed
Son, every plant of leaf that need to retain 10 or so；Preservation can still be dried by laying leafiness come.
Three, harvesting drying
1, leaf harvesting harvesting in time is conducive to ground ventilation and reduces pest and disease damage, not wait until that following leaf turns yellow
It adopts.First blade harvests, and fine day is selected to carry out the 7-8 months, selects looser cyan leaf, discards yellow leaf, dead leaf and worm
Leaf is bitten, retains 8-10 piece leaves at the top of plant, to ensure the normal growth of fruit pod.Leaf and petiole can be cut into long 2 centimetres of left sides
The right side separately shines system, is easy to dry in this way.It is separately packed after parching completely, is placed on dry ventilated place, it is necessary to cushioned dry
Dry plank prevents from getting damp mouldy infested.Second batch leaf harvests, and is generally carried out between the 8-10 months, and leaf and fruit pod one
Play harvesting.
2, general being carried out in late September of fruit pod harvesting First Year life, it is perennial generally to be carried out in early August.Harvesting
It is should be noted that when fruit pod first, when the seed major part in fruit pod is at yellowish-brown, you can harvesting, it is unsuitable too early or too late, in order to avoid
Influence yield；Second is that cannot be dry with withe when harvesting, it packs after all drying, is equally stored in the way of preserving leaf；Three
Be fruit pod include pericarp and seed, need not remove.
3, pack storage purchase qualified products are：Blade is cyan, and fruit pod is brown, it is absolutely dry, without go mouldy, free from admixture, nothing
Limb；Substandard product is：Leaf is yellow, end is dry, blackening, it is mouldy, have impurity, play worm silk, browse etc..It is closed after being dried for harvesting
The leaf and fruit pod of lattice, pack in time, pack preserve not generate heat, it is not mouldy for standard.Pack simultaneously will be placed on shady and cool dry
Dry, ventilated indoor storage, is diligent in checking, prevents from drenching with rain, gets damp, is mouldy, damaging by worms, the generations such as the plague of rats.
Claims (4)
1. the artificial cultivation and collecting method of a kind of macleaya cordata, including seeding and seedling raising, field management, harvesting drying, feature exist
It is in the method for seeding and seedling raising：
(1) preferably before soil sowing, the good sand soil of the loose fertile drainage of selection；Gutter has been dug when whole soil, has reached rain
Effect without ponding afterwards；Planting site first applies a base fertilizer, applies 50 kilograms of 1000 kilograms of farm manure pigs and cattle excrement and composite fertilizer per acre；
(2) seed point must be sowed ground by program request nursery annual November to January in the coming year；0.5 kilogram of seed+10 is prepared per acre
Kilogram+25 kilograms of plant ash of calcium and magnesium phosphorus mix program request thoroughly, and thickness of sowing is 80 × 80 centimetres or 80 × 100 centimetres of seeding row spacing, per acre
Control 800-1000 plants of seedling.
2. according to the artificial cultivation and collecting method of a kind of macleaya cordata, including seeding and seedling raising, seedling management, harvesting drying, it is special
Sign is that the method for field management is：
(1) thinning is needed when thinning seedling grows to 5 centimetres or so, 2-3 plants of seedling is stayed per the root and stem of certain plants；
(2) draining is unable to ponding or is planted in high-water content ground, and spring rainwater is more, and draining has to keep clear, and reaches
Rain is cut off the water the effect to disappear；
(3) the necessary artificial weeding of weeding cannot play herbicide, and the weeding time is generally primary by the end of April, primary in mid-June,
It fills the gaps with seedlings in time it was found that lacking the root and stem of certain plants；
(4) fertilising fertilising carries out in three times, first, apply seed manure, when 50-80 centimetres of seedling stage plant height, applies 25 kilograms of composite fertilizer per acre
Or 50 kilograms of organic fertilizer, help seedling to grow；Second is that Shi Guofei, when 100 centimetres of fast boltings of plant height, boron fertilizer is imposed, it is small to apply 3 per acre
Packet, 15 kilograms of often packet water distribution spray blade face, and leaf and fruit pod growth is promoted to open；Third, apply winter top dressing, in conjunction with cut the root and stem of certain plants, progress of loosening the soil,
The root root and stem of certain plants is chopped to inclined-plane for liftoff 5 centimetres or so, then hollow position is cut brokenly, then existed by the annual 11-12 months, the plant after harvesting
It loosens the soil around the root root and stem of certain plants primary, while applying 25 kilograms of 50 kilograms of farm manure or composite fertilizer per acre, to help continuous kind of the coming year；
(5) diseases prevention root rot often occurs in the 4-6 months, uses 50% thiophanate wettable powder, 1000 times of solution or carbendazim
1000 times of solution preventions of wettable powder；Southern blight often occurs in the 7-9 months, benzene first propiconazole or Amici can be used to be sprayed up to aqueous solution
Plant root is applied to be prevented；Insect pest easily 4-7 month large area break out, once find to prevent in time, select high-efficiency low-toxicity without
Remains of pesticide lambda-cyhalothrin or tebufenozide prevention；
(6) when beating leaf plant height and growing to 1.5-2 meters, to keep aerial part ventilated, plant lower part leaf need to be destroyed,
Every plant of leaf that need to retain 10 or so；Preservation can still be dried by laying leafiness come.
3. the artificial cultivation and collecting method of a kind of macleaya cordata, including seeding and seedling raising, field management, harvesting drying, feature exist
It is in the method for harvesting drying：
(1) leaf, which harvests, carries out first leaf harvesting 7-8 months, selects looser cyan leaf, discards yellow leaf, dead leaf
Leaf is bitten with worm, retains 8-10 piece leaves at the top of plant, to ensure the normal growth of fruit pod；Leaf and petiole can be cut into 2 lis long
Rice or so separately shines system, is easy to dry in this way；It is separately packed after parching completely, is placed on dry ventilated place, it is necessary to pad
Dry plank, prevents from getting damp mouldy infested；Second batch leaf, which harvests, to carry out the 8-10 months, and is harvested together with fruit pod；
(2) general being carried out in late September of fruit pod harvesting First Year life, it is perennial generally to be carried out in early August, work as fruit pod
In seed it is most of at yellowish-brown when, you can harvesting, it is unsuitable too early or too late；
(3) pack storage dries harvesting on the leaf and fruit pod of rear qualification, to pack in time, and pack is preserved not generate heat, no
Mouldy is standard, and pack will be placed on shady and cool dry, ventilated indoor storage, be diligent in checking, prevent from drenching with rain, get damp, is mouldy,
It damages by worms, the generations such as the plague of rats.
4. the artificial cultivation and collecting method of a kind of macleaya cordata, including seeding and seedling raising, field management, harvesting drying, feature exist
It is in the method for seeding and seedling raising：
Also seedbed nursery may be selected, per acre with kinds 80 kilograms, mix thoroughly and disseminate in the ratio of seed and plant ash 1: 15, seedling grow to
At 5 centimetres or so, start to transplant.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109042121A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2018-12-21 | 湖南美可达生物资源股份有限公司 | A method of high yield is cultivated using paclobutrazol and downgrades macleaya cordata plant |
| CN109122085A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-01-04 | 湖南美可达生物资源股份有限公司 | A kind of macleaya cordata program request implantation methods |
| CN109121988A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-01-04 | 红河学院 | A kind of research that heavy metal cadmium stress influences daphne odera characteristic |
| CN109258329A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-01-25 | 湖南美可达生物资源股份有限公司 | A method of high yield is cultivated using cycocel and downgrades macleaya cordata plant |
| CN109287390A (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2019-02-01 | 湖南美可达生物资源股份有限公司 | A kind of method of macleaya cordata root transplanting plantation |
| CN110720358A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2020-01-24 | 湖南农业大学 | Seedling growing method for improving drought resistance of macleaya cordata seedlings |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109042121A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2018-12-21 | 湖南美可达生物资源股份有限公司 | A method of high yield is cultivated using paclobutrazol and downgrades macleaya cordata plant |
| CN109258329A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-01-25 | 湖南美可达生物资源股份有限公司 | A method of high yield is cultivated using cycocel and downgrades macleaya cordata plant |
| CN109122085A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-01-04 | 湖南美可达生物资源股份有限公司 | A kind of macleaya cordata program request implantation methods |
| CN109121988A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-01-04 | 红河学院 | A kind of research that heavy metal cadmium stress influences daphne odera characteristic |
| CN109287390A (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2019-02-01 | 湖南美可达生物资源股份有限公司 | A kind of method of macleaya cordata root transplanting plantation |
| CN109287390B (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2020-08-07 | 湖南美可达生物资源股份有限公司 | Macleaya cordata root transplanting planting method |
| CN110720358A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2020-01-24 | 湖南农业大学 | Seedling growing method for improving drought resistance of macleaya cordata seedlings |
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