CN104094751A - Method for cultivating amorphophallus konjac by using wormwood - Google Patents
Method for cultivating amorphophallus konjac by using wormwood Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for cultivating amorphophallus konjac by using wormwood. The method comprises the steps: planting green manure in a mating manner, smudging seed amorphophallus konjac, forming ridge sides, sowing the seed amorphophallus konjac, covering the wormwood, juice spraying and the like. The wormwood is adopted to smudge the seed amorphophallus konjac, the seed amorphophallus konjac is sterilized and disinfected by smog, so the germination rate of the seed amorphophallus konjac is increased; the wormwood is padded on and under the seed amorphophallus konjac, the wormwood covers the seed amorphophallus konjac, spraying of wormwood juice is performed on leaf surfaces, the anti-reversibility of the seed amorphophallus konjac is enhanced, the disease incidence of the amorphophallus konjac is lowered effectively, and bacteriostatic, disease-prevention and yield-increasing effects are realized. The method can replace or reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the high and stable yield of the amorphophallus konjac is realized, and greenness, quality and safety of the product are guaranteed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of utilizing wormwood cultivating konjak, belong to proportion of crop planting technical field.
Background technology
Konjaku is Araeceae herbaceos perennial, is rich in glucomannans, and the physicochemical property that it is unique has a wide range of applications and develop value.
Konjaku is as a kind of high-efficiency crop, to the induced effect of peasant programme the most directly, the most obvious, a characteristic that becomes territory, normal region first-selection increases income project, has been peasant programme, has revitalized one of effective way of local economy.Expansion along with artificial cultivation and large-scale planting area; there is variation in original environment and growth conditions; konjaku kind sexual involution, resistance decline, yield reducation, disease resistance ability weaken; disease incidence is higher, the even total crop failure having, and taro agriculture loss is large; and disease occurs to be and to increase the weight of year by year trend with harm; finally cause cultivated area to fall sharply, serious contusion the enthusiasm of peasant planting konjaku, hindered the development of local economy.For this reason, disease becomes a difficult problem for restricting current konjaku industry development.
Konjaku disease, particularly bacillary " soft rot " is a kind of worldwide plant disease with crushing harm that konjaku is produced, and adds up according to investigations, and within its year, the comprehensive incidence of disease is up to more than 30%, Amorphophallus Yield loss is up to 23%, and average every mu is caused more than 500 yuan of economic loss.For konjaku bacterial slimy soft rot, at present domestic main with the agricultural measures such as crop rotation and heavy dose of prophylactico-therapeutic measuress such as chemical pesticide.Along with scientific and technical development and the raising of living standards of the people, people, to healthy and environmental problem growing interest, are therefore developed the dominant direction that high yield, high-quality, efficient organic konjaku and nuisanceless green konjaku have become konjaku industry.
Wormwood is annual herb, comprises water wormwood, sweet wormwood grass, Herba Artemisia ordosicae, yellow wormwood etc., belongs to composite family class plant; It is distributed more widely, and Chang Yesheng is by wilderness, hillside, roadside, riverbank, residence.In the vast rural area of China, peasant is by extracting a large amount of wormwoods, mountain green grass or young crops, browse and leaf, retting fertilizer carrys out Planting Crops, the spray of these plants, spire, contain the nutritive elements such as a large amount of organic matters and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in blue or green, execute in soil, can increase multiple effective nutriment in a fertilizer, can also improve the soil texture, increase the ability of soil fertilizer, water conservation, insulation.
The heap that the wormwood of take is primary raw material is made compost, it is drawn materials extensively, quantity source is large, simple to operate, and perishable one-tenth is fertile, fertilizer efficiency is high, fertilizer efficiency is lasting, nutrition is abundant, containing organic approximately 15%～25%, nitrogenous 0.4%～0.57%, phosphorus 0.18%～0.27%, potassium 0.45%～0.67%, be generally acknowledged organic manure, it becomes " competent assistant " of improvement soil fertility.According to the analysis and determination of agricultural sector, the green manure of each very heavy fresh wormwood cauline leaf retting, can roll over the urea to ten to 14 jin, the superphosphate of nine to ten jin, the potassium sulfate of 11 to 16 jin, has good fertilizer efficiency; The volatile oil and the Flavonoid substances that in wormwood, contain have the effect of very strong pest, killing pathogenic bacteria and inhibition virus simultaneously.Therefore, utilize wormwood cultivating konjak, for ensureing continuing, developing in a healthy way of konjaku industry, impel peasant to increase production, increase income, have important practical significance and wide application prospect.
Summary of the invention
For strengthening konjaku resistance, reduce the disease incidence of disease, guarantee volume increase, increase income, product safety, the present invention proposes a kind of method of utilizing wormwood cultivating konjak.
For this reason, technical scheme of the present invention is: utilize the method for wormwood cultivating konjak, it is characterized in that being comprised of following steps:
1) supporting green manuring: konjaku is planted the 15-25 day in September of the previous year is planted green manure in the konjaku ground having gathered in the crops, and every mu of green manure sowing quantity is 7-15 jin;
2) cigarette smokes kind of a taro: before konjaku sowing, will plant taro bulb size classification, selected after, put on indoor layer frame, close the doors and windows, below layer frame, set off wormwood;
3) do railway carriage or compartment, ridge: at konjaku, plant 15-25 day in April then, by timely whole ground after the green manure harvesting of full-bloom stage, by the specification of 1.1-1.2 meters wide, do railway carriage or compartment, ridge, railway carriage or compartment, ridge is high 0.2-0.4 meter, 0.9-1 meter of railway carriage or compartment, ridge face width;
4) plant taro sowing: on railway carriage or compartment, the ridge face described in step 3), excavate along its length two 20-25 centimetres dark seed furrows, two seed furrow spacing are 35-45 centimetres; Then in seed furrow, be encased inside wormwood, will be through step 2) kind taro sowing after sootiness is on wormwood, and spacing in the rows is 35-45 centimetres; On kind of taro, cover again the green manure of one deck harvesting, finally with fine earth, green manure is buried;
5) wormwood covers: after kind of a taro emerges, at konjaku, cover tender wormwood in the ranks;
6) juice spraying: at konjaku early growth period, the juice boiling with wormwood is sprayed to konjaku blade face and petiole.
The described method of utilizing wormwood cultivating konjak, the supporting plantation of green manure in step 1), described green manure refers to the leguminous plants such as arrow tongue Peas, Chinese milk vetch, sweet potato, broad bean, and during sowing, mu adds 20 jin of ash mixing green manure seeds with 10 jin of superphosphate, mixes rear sowing thoroughly.
The described method of utilizing wormwood cultivating konjak, step 2) sootiness kind taro in, dries the wormwood of gathering in after the beginning of autumn to twist into pencil and be placed on a layer frame below, in wormwood, add sawdust, husk, Cosan then to light, cigarette smokes 7-10 days, by smog, to kind of a taro sterilizing, impels its germination.
The described method of utilizing wormwood cultivating konjak, does railway carriage or compartment, ridge in step 3), 50-70 jin of quicklimes for mu during whole ground, to regulate soil pH value, accelerate wormwood and green manure and rot.
The described method of utilizing wormwood cultivating konjak, in step 4), plant taro sowing, be April 15-25 sowing time, the wormwood being encased inside during sowing otherwise band root system airing 1-2 days, thick is 1500-2000 jin of 3 centimetre, mu use, the green manure that covers is thick is 1800-2000 jin of 3 centimetre, mu use, and on green manure, the fine earth of backfill 15-20 cm thicks covers tightly.
The described method of utilizing wormwood cultivating konjak, in step 5), wormwood covers, and June 7-25, after waiting konjaku to emerge, by the wormwood airing of harvesting 1-2 days, then covers konjaku in the ranks, and thickness is more than 2 centimetres.
The described method of utilizing wormwood cultivating konjak, juice spraying in step 6), while boiling wormwood juice, amount of water is to flood wormwood, and after water is opened, big fire boils 10-15 minutes, by the juice after clarification filtration dry in the air cold after, in after the ratio thin up of 1:1, konjaku being sprayed; At konjaku onset peak period (late July-early September), every 7-10 days, spray once, spray continuously 3-5 times, to reach sterilizing disease-preventing effect.
The described method of utilizing wormwood cultivating konjak, the careful operation of field palpus, wormwood covers, juice will prevent from damaging konjaku plant while spraying.
Beneficial effect:
The present invention, by adopting wormwood cigarette to smoke kind of a taro, utilizes smog to carry out sterilizing to kind of taro, improves kind of a taro germination rate; On kind of taro, underlay grass, wormwood cover, and wormwood juice spraying for blade face strengthens kind of a taro resistance, effectively reduces the konjaku disease incidence of disease, play antibacterial, diseases prevention, production-increasing function.The method is alternative or reduce the use of fertilizer and pesticide, realizes konjaku high yield, stable yields, guarantees Product Green, quality safety.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with an example, the present invention is described further.
A method of utilizing wormwood plantation konjaku, is comprised of following steps:
1) supporting green manuring: on September 17th, 2012, plant arrow tongue Peas as green manure receiving in the konjaku ground digging; During sowing, arrow tongue Peas kind, calcium phosphate, ash are mixed and are mixed thoroughly for the ratio of 7:10:20 in mass ratio, then by the sowing quantity of 7 jin every mu by the sowing of sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil of common vetch kind;
2) sootiness kind taro: on April 11st, 2013, select without damaged, without scab, without rotting, eye is full, bud nest is shallow, outward appearance just, epidermis is smooth, weight at the bulb of 130 grams of left and right as kind of a taro; By the kind taro layered putting of choosing on indoor layer frame, shut door and window, the sweet wormwood grass gathering in after the beginning of autumn in the first year is twisted into pencil and be placed on a layer frame below, on wormwood, add sawdust, husk, Cosan then to light, while guaranteeing to burn, lose naked light, continue there is cigarette, and full of smoke even, cigarette smokes 7 days, by smog, to kind of a taro sterilizing, impel its germination;
3) do railway carriage or compartment, ridge: on April 17th, 2013, to after the common vetch harvesting in konjaku ground, be deposited into side, then start whole ground, by 1.2 meters of wide specifications, do railway carriage or compartment, ridge, native closing heap is assembled to the growth belt that is " watt back of the body " shape bar shaped, railway carriage or compartment, ridge is high 0.3 meter, 1 meter of railway carriage or compartment, ridge face width, 0.2 meter of railway carriage or compartment, ridge spacing to thicken active soil stratum, prevents accumulated water simultaneously; Consumption by 60 jin every mu on whole good ground sprinkles quicklime, to regulate the pH value of soil, when follow-up kind of taro sowing, accelerates rotting of wormwood and common vetch;
4) plant taro sowing: on April 20th, 2013, on the face of railway carriage or compartment, above-mentioned ridge, along North and South direction, excavate two 20 centimetres of dark seed furrows, approximately 40 centimetres of the spacing of two seed furrows; First in seed furrow bottom, be encased inside the wormwood of one deck 3 cm thicks, wormwood is not with root system airing to spend 1 day, and mu is with 1700 jin; Then by step 2) in kind taro after sootiness by the spacing in the rows of 40 centimetres, be placed on wormwood, the common vetch gathering in before covering one deck again on kind of taro, bed thickness is 3 centimetres, mu is with 1800 jin, last on common vetch the fine earth of backfill 15 cm thicks, guarantee that kind of a taro buries tight; Below kind of taro, pad wormwood, above cover common vetch, avoid kind of taro directly to contact with soil, effectively to reduce germ intrusion;
5) between, overlap sunshade: on April 26th, 2013 is overlapped a line corn between the furrow of railway carriage or compartment, ridge face, and spacing in the rows 0.3 meter, mu is planted 2000 strains, thinks konjaku sunshade;
6) wormwood covers: on June 17-20th, 2013, after kind of a taro emerges, by the sweet wormwood grass airing with season harvesting after 1 day, cover konjaku in the ranks, approximately 3 centimetres of thickness, reduce the effect of soil water evaporation to play shielded from sunlight, utilize volatile oil and the Flavonoid substances that wormwood volatilizes to disperse insect simultaneously, reduce disease and occur, wormwood can be improved the soil again after rotting in getting fat by the time, meets the requirement of topdressing;
7) juice spraying: since on July 19th, 2013, boil juice with wormwood konjaku is sprayed; Amount of water is to flood wormwood, and after water is opened, big fire boils 15 minutes, by the juice after clarification filtration dry in the air cold after, in after the ratio thin up of 1:1, konjaku being sprayed; Mu, with 80 jin, sprayed once every 10 days, sprayed continuously 3 times, can play bacteriostatic and disease prevention effect, strengthened the resistance of konjaku.
8) konjaku is received and is dug: on October 27th, 2013, until konjaku upper blade, cane deliquescing, lodge after the week, rob eyeball fair weather and receive and to dig, by 350 grams of following, sprouts fresh, complete without damaged, external form is rectified, epidermis is smooth, without rot bottom set and taro whip do kind of a taro storage.3570 jin of the fresh taros of this ground per mu yield, 7200 yuan of incomes, 610 jin, 650 yuan of corns.
The present invention, the wormwood of take is made compost as primary raw material heap, draw materials extensively, quantity is large, simple to operate, and perishable one-tenths is fertile, and the content of organic matter is up to 15%-25%, and fertilizer efficiency is high, nutrition is abundant, can play the effect that improves soil; Wormwood contains volatile oil and Flavonoid substances, with wormwood cigarette, smokes kind of a taro, covers konjaku in the ranks, has the effect of very strong pest, killing pathogenic bacteria and inhibition virus, strengthens konjaku resistance, alleviates disease and occurs, and guarantees konjaku volume increase; In wormwood, contain the nutritive elements such as a large amount of organic matters and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, supporting Green manuring, can increase multiple effective nutriment in a fertilizer, and the usage amount of minimizing or replacing fertilizer and agricultural chemicals makes its Product Green environmental protection, quality safety; Suitably postpone konjaku sowing time, and adopt underlay grass on kind of taro, can reduce and directly contact with soil and germ intrusion chance, effectively reduce the incidence of konjaku disease.
The method, for ensureing continuing, developing in a healthy way of konjaku industry, impels peasant to increase production, increase income, and has important practical significance and wide application prospect.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit to the scope of the claims of the present invention, therefore the equivalent transformation that all utilizations description of the present invention is done is all in like manner included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. utilize a method for wormwood cultivating konjak, it is characterized in that being formed by following steps:
1) supporting green manuring: konjaku is planted the 15-25 day in September of the previous year is planted green manure in the konjaku ground having gathered in the crops, and every mu of green manure sowing quantity is 7-15 jin;
2) cigarette smokes kind of a taro: before konjaku sowing, will plant taro bulb size classification, selected after, put on indoor layer frame, close the doors and windows, below layer frame, set off wormwood;
3) do railway carriage or compartment, ridge: at konjaku, plant 15-25 day in April then, by timely whole ground after the green manure harvesting of full-bloom stage, by the specification of 1.1-1.2 meters wide, do railway carriage or compartment, ridge, railway carriage or compartment, ridge is high 0.2-0.4 meter, 0.9-1 meter of railway carriage or compartment, ridge face width;
4) plant taro sowing: on railway carriage or compartment, the ridge face described in step 3), excavate along its length two 20-25 centimetres dark seed furrows, two seed furrow spacing are 35-45 centimetres; Then in seed furrow, be encased inside wormwood, will be through step 2) kind taro sowing after sootiness is on wormwood, and spacing in the rows is 35-45 centimetres; On kind of taro, cover again the green manure of one deck harvesting, finally with fine earth, green manure is buried;
5) wormwood covers: after kind of a taro emerges, at konjaku, cover tender wormwood in the ranks;
6) juice spraying: at konjaku early growth period, the juice boiling with wormwood is sprayed to konjaku blade face and petiole.
2. a kind of method of utilizing wormwood cultivating konjak according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the supporting plantation of green manure in step 1), described green manure refers to the leguminous plants such as arrow tongue Peas, Chinese milk vetch, sweet potato, broad bean, during sowing, mu adds 20 jin of ash mixing green manure seeds with 10 jin of superphosphate, mixes rear sowing thoroughly.
3. a kind of method of utilizing wormwood cultivating konjak according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step 2) middle sootiness kind taro, the wormwood of gathering in after the beginning of autumn is dried and twists into pencil and be placed on layer frame below, in wormwood, add sawdust, husk, Cosan then to light, cigarette smokes 7-10 days, by smog, to kind of a taro sterilizing, impel its germination.
4. a kind of method of utilizing wormwood cultivating konjak according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 3), do railway carriage or compartment, ridge, 50-70 jin of quicklimes for mu during whole ground, to regulate soil pH value, accelerate wormwood and green manure and rot.
5. a kind of method of utilizing wormwood cultivating konjak according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step 4), plant taro sowing, be April 15-25 sowing time, the wormwood being encased inside during sowing otherwise band root system airing 1-2 days, thick is 1500-2000 jin of 3 centimetre, mu use, the green manure that covers is thick is 1800-2000 jin of 3 centimetre, mu use, and on green manure, the fine earth of backfill 15-20 cm thicks covers tightly.
6. a kind of method of utilizing wormwood cultivating konjak according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 5), wormwood covers, and June 7-25, by the wormwood airing of harvesting 1-2 days, then covers konjaku in the ranks, and thickness is more than 2 centimetres.
7. a kind of method of utilizing wormwood cultivating konjak according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: juice spraying in step 6), while boiling wormwood juice, amount of water is to flood wormwood, after water is opened, big fire boils 10-15 minutes, by the juice after clarification filtration dry in the air cold after, in after the ratio thin up of 1:1, konjaku being sprayed; At konjaku onset peak period, every 7-10 days, spray once, spray continuously 3-5 times, to reach sterilizing disease-preventing effect.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105453868A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-04-06 | 竹溪县雨润特色种养家庭农场 | Method for cultivating konjak by means of river sand coverage |
| CN106069209A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-11-09 | 重庆市铜梁区亚飞家庭农场 | The engrafting method of Mvtus communis L． |
| CN107455128A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2017-12-12 | 兰州大学 | Top method is gone in a kind of sunshade increased production for pea MZ 1 |
| CN108207531A (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2018-06-29 | 普安县红星种养殖有限责任公司 | A kind of method using edible fungi residues cultivating konjak |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105453868A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-04-06 | 竹溪县雨润特色种养家庭农场 | Method for cultivating konjak by means of river sand coverage |
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| CN107455128A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2017-12-12 | 兰州大学 | Top method is gone in a kind of sunshade increased production for pea MZ 1 |
| CN108207531A (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2018-06-29 | 普安县红星种养殖有限责任公司 | A kind of method using edible fungi residues cultivating konjak |
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| CN104094751B (en) | 2017-02-22 |
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