CN105103846A - Solidago canadensis planting method capable of improving volatile oil content - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a solidago canadensis planting method capable of improving volatile oil content. The planting method comprises seed selection, seedling raising, raised seedling management, transplantation, planting, harvesting and prevention and treatment of pest and disease damage. According to the invention, artificial high-yield cultivation of solidago canadensis is implemented, 400 to 500kg of hay can be produced per 667 square meters, the solidago canadensis is stable in active ingredients of the medicinal herb and is high in volatile oil content, oil yield of stem leaves of the solidago canadensis reaches 0.26 to 0.36 percent and oil yield of rhizomes of the solidago canadensis reaches 0.2 to 0.26 percent.

Description

Improve the goldenrod implantation methods of volatile oil content

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of goldenrod implantation methods improving volatile oil content.

Background technology

Goldenrod (SOLIDDGOOUCURRENS) is composite family herbaceos perennial, and to well developed root system, cold hardiness is strong, can absorb various trace elements from soil is its dry matter of habit, there is wind and heat dispersing, the special efficacy of removing toxicity for detumescence, utilize by people of all nationalities.Record in " antitumor Chinese herbal medicine color atlas " according to medicine section expert Xu Guojun nineteen ninety-five, its Main Ingredients and Appearance has: have Kaempferol, glycoside, rutin and δ, B elemene to be main anti-cancer principle in tannin, volatile oil, saponin, flavonoids, all has good result for the treatment of to liver cancer, lung cancer, cervical carcinoma, carcinoma of vagina, carcinoma of corpus uteri merging colpomycosis, tongue cancer and Patients with Urinary System Tumors accompanying infection apocenosis blood urine.Also be widely used in treatment atypia lymphnoditis, Tuberculous scrofula, influenza, bronchitis, upper respiratory infection, tonsillitis, sphagitis, colpomycosis, the prevention of bullet wound, wound, venomous snake bite and major surgery is infected.

Due to of many uses, medicinal effects is good, and people excessively gather, and wild resource reduces day by day, becomes rare plant at present.According to " China's book on Chinese herbal medicine " 7040, goldenrod biological property: " like nice and cool humid climate, resist cold.With loose fertile, be rich in humus, well-drained sand loam cultivation is advisable." for the minimizing day by day of wild resource; adopt common to broadcast sowing, program request, direct sowing method cultivation; because of at 2-3 month seeding and seedling raising; rainwater is many; seed is broadcast and easily to be buried by earth envelope afterwards, suffocates, or the seedling germinateed is drowned by excessive rain low temperature or hungry to death; add that the various weed germination in field is rapid, control immature goldenrod and be difficult to grow.

Summary of the invention

The object of this invention is to provide a kind of goldenrod artificial method for planting, and improve the implantation methods of goldenrod volatile oil content.

The goldenrod implantation methods that technical program of the present invention lies in improving volatile oil content comprises the steps:

1) seed is selected: selection plant type is compact, blade width is moderate, well developed root system, absorption ability of nutrient are strong, and bud is extracted out evenly, and without the regrowth breeding of rust, seed is ripe in nature;

2) nursery

Garlic, onion, composite family herbal medicine crop were not planted in a, selection for more than 2 years, and the leeward place faced south is nursery pond;

Weeds in b, removing nursery pond and the residual root and stem of certain plants of crop, smooth nursery pond; At the bottom of nursery pond, uniform spreading fills out fine earth, spraying insecticide on fine earth; Antiseepage film to be layered on fine earth and mat frame, dark 13-18 centimetres of nursery pond;

C, build at nursery pond the seedling growth greenhouse that ceiling high is 80 centimetres, cover with plastic sheeting for farm use;

D, charing husk, peat, pearl powdered carbon in mass ratio for 5:4:1 is uniformly mixed into matrix, spray clean water and mix thoroughly, make matrix moistening loose to hold agglomerating, touch namely fall apart degree, matrix is loaded 200 pass nursery vinyl discs;

E, mid-December were sowed to early January, sowed first 2-3 days, to nursery pond inject pH value be 6-7.2) clean water, be 13 centimetres to water depth; Select the morning of fine day, every bunch planting enters 3-4 grain seed, then uses the thin lid seed of matrix, puts into nursery pond by broadcasting the nursery vinyl disc of planting in time the same day, and keeps moistening with clear water spraying;

3) seedling management

Within a, after planting 25 day, need add first time nutrient solution, within 40 days, need add second time nutrient solution, the mass ratio 1:4000 that nutrient solution presses tobacco floating seed rearing special fertilizer and clear water configures;

B, sowing 40 days in keep nursery pond water level to remain on 8 centimetres at 8-10 centimetre, 40-50 days, within 50 days, remain on 6 centimetres later; Transplant and within first 1 week, carry out picking seedling and topdress, short long new root, nursery pond water level keeps 3 cm;

E, carry out thinning fill the gaps with seedlings in the little cross phase, removing growing way crosses prosperous and excessively weak seedling, fills the gaps with seedlings, keep every cave to have 1-2 strain field run plant in hole;

When f, four leaves, the anti-damping off of carbendazim of spraying 50%, embroider sick invasion, one mu of consumption is that the carbendazim of 100g concentration 50% is watered 30L even spraying; Within 5-7 days before transplanting, chase after once to send and transfer medicine;

4) transplant

Select the smooth land used of sandy soil, after late rice harvesting by every 667 squares under foot 1500-2000 kilograms, the pig cattle pen excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed make base manure, furrow are wide 0.9-1.2 meters, and furrow are high 20-30 centimetres, furrow width 30 centimetres; Transplant and be watered 40-50L even spraying by every mu of 120-180ml Acetochlor in first 1 day; When rice shoot grows to 12-15 centimeter length before and after the Spring Equinox, beat cave by the specification of 30 cm x 20 centimetres and plant; Before lifting seedlings, saturated with water rises to matrix is swollen, and band root band fertilizer lifts seedlings, and waters normal root water after lifting seedlings; Transplant covering with plastic film after the 3rd day;

5) plant

After seedling turns green, by there being Huang Huangzhong to mend in green grass or young crops, senior middle school have short in the principle executed, mend and execute nitrate nitrogen solution; BOITING STAGE, the pregnant flower bud phase imposes carbonic hydroammonium or people and animals' fecaluria; After goldenrod harvesting mid-August, mend and chase after barnyard manure, compost, garbage tankage, or the fertile short long new talent growth of mixing;

6) anti-worm harm of curing the disease:

A, root rot: select water good, sick generation is reduced in ventilation plot; The diseased plant times liquid pouring of at least one in 50% carbendazim or 70% thiophanate methyl 1000;

B, mosaic disease: the insects such as the aphid of attention control transmitted virus, choosing is reserved seed for planting without diseased plant, crop rotation; Seedling Stage and prosperous for a long time every mu select decent job oligosaccharide element 20g to add and be watered 20-25L than worm quinoline 30g;

C, rust: after turning green with land for growing field crops before seedling replanting, every mu of use 20% triadimefon 600-800 times of liquid spraying blade tow sides;

F, insect pest: grub, cutworm, wireworm, mole cricket harm root and the parasitosis of seedling, with pungent mix phosphorus, at least one control in worm final hit, chlorophos powder; The bridging worm of BOITING STAGE, prodenia litura endangers, and prevents and treats by least one of cypermethrin, decis, Le Siben;

7) gather in the crops:

Goldenrod carried out first time at 7-8 months and cuts leaf, and the concrete time is cut Miao Ye before 9 o'clock after the beginning of autumn in 3 o'clock to evening in the afternoon; Cutting leaf site should overhead 5-10 centimetres; The blade cut off extracts volatile oil in time; Regrowth breeding.

Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the artificial high yield cultivation achieving goldenrod, make every 667 square metres can output hay 400-500 kilogram, and herbal medicine stable effective ingredients, volatile oil content is higher, cauline leaf oil yield reaches 0.26% ~ 0.36%, and rhizome reaches 0.2% ~ 0.26%.

Embodiment

The present invention is further illustrated for embodiment below.

(1) nursery place election:

Require within more than 2 years, not plant garlic, onion, herbal medicine crop, again near water source, irrigation and drainage are convenient, physical features is smooth, landform is broad, leeward on the sunny side, be convenient to set up shed group place.

(2) foundation of nursery pond: length 9 meters in standard nursery, wide 1.05 meters, dark 15 centimetres, can put and mould 40, dish, for 2.5-3 mu land for growing field crops seedling.Pool side can steady with the plank band dowel pin of 10 centimetres wide after, outer ridging is built pond stalk or is become Simple pool to obstruct with common brick frame.Also can obstruct with cubic wooden unit.Remove weeds and the residual root and stem of certain plants of crop in pond, then at the bottom of pond, uniform spreading fills out appropriate fine earth, and fine earth sprays the insecticides such as phoxim, in case soil insect is caused harm.If whether pool side, give prominence to the rebasing and mat frame of the antiseepage film just can spreading 0.08 centimetre, and carefully flatten frame, last water filling test at the bottom of pond without hard object, check in pond smooth, whether pad film leaks.

(3) construction of seedling growth greenhouse: long 10 meters of shed specification, wide 1.1 meters, ceiling is high 80 centimetres, a standard nursery pond, and with 2.2 meters long bamboo chip bow members, 40 centimetres, bow member interval, then covers with plastic sheeting for farm use.Hold turnover actuating doors successfully.1 meter, interval between canopy and canopy, canopy surrounding is held drain ditch successfully, is accomplished that ditch ditch communicates, draining is smooth and easy.

(4) preparation of nursery material:

4.1 nursery vinyl discs: vinyl disc, long 68 centimetres, wide 34 centimetres, 200 passes.Old vinyl disc first 20 days in nursery, carries out cleaning and sterilizing with the white lime water infiltration of the metalaxyl zinc solutions in the Meng of 300 times or 40% clarification after 8-10 minute, then dries for subsequent use.The vinyl disc newly purchased without the need to sterilization, but hole-specifically will check whether Durchgangshohle, finds that the hole of non-Durchgangshohle will be got through;

4.2 matrix: charing husk, peat, pearl powdered carbon 5:4:1, often coil 1.5 kilograms, splendid attire.Medium in tray, is poured on the matrix of having sterilized on clean Polypropylence Sheet, sprays appropriate clean water and mix thoroughly, making matrix moistening agglomerating to holding, and touch sabot when namely faling apart, limit rim strikes the edge moulding dish, makes the matrix degree of tightness appropriateness in hole.Overfill, does not press too tight yet;

4.3 fertilizer, seed etc. are purchased by various places production necessary requirement;

The determination of 4.4 sowing times: generally determine depending on seed maturity, No. one, the people's livelihood of current kind length breeding time should be sowed mid-December to early January, select the morning of fine day, every bunch planting enters 3-4 grain seed, use the thin lid seed of matrix again, by broadcast plant mould to coil and fitly put into nutrition pond in time the same day, and keep moistening with sprayer spray clear water.

(5) preparation of nutrient solution:

The use water in 5.1 preparation nutrition ponds; 2-3 days before sowing, nursery pond is loaded clean water (PH6-7.2), water depth is 13 centimetres, and every pond is got more than 5 and sounded the depth of the water, and calculates nursery pond total Water;

5.2 preparation nutrient solutions; Use nutrient solution when there is no goldenrod special fertilizer, the floating seedlings special fertilizer preparation nursery pond nutrient solution that Jiangxi Province tobacco can be used to provide.Compound method is first poured in vat (can be filled with water more than 120 kilograms) and then add double centner clear water by the fertilizer that 25 grams fill fully to stir, fertilizer is dissolved completely and makes nutritious mother liquid, by the concentration of nursery pond requirement and consumption, nutrient solution is evenly splashed in pond, the mother liquor it is important to note that do not have additional nutrients arbitrarily, otherwise seed sprouting and growth of seedling can be affected;

5.3 liquid PH value test and corrections; After adding nutritious mother liquid, when PH is different from the pH value of requirement in pond, debugging levelling can be carried out, until the PH of pool inner water solution is 6.5 with dilute sulfuric acid and dilute alkaline soln.Otherwise then debug with dilute sulfuric acid.Test PH can use special pH test paper;

The interpolation of 5.4 nutrition fertilizers; Along with the consumption of nutrient in seedling raising process, respectively need add nursery fertilizer in pond every certain hour, first packed special fertilizer is mixed with nutritious mother liquid, then calculate required mother liquor consumption on request, evenly add in nursery pond.Ensure that the nursery pond liquid degree of depth is not less than 10 centimetres.Goldenrod need add first time fertilizer at after planting 25 days, within 40 days, need add second time fertilizer.

(6) seedling management:

6.1 staffings: each nursery point will join a strong sense of responsibility, hardworking and able to endure hardships, technology administrative staff really up to the mark carry out system observed and recorded to temp. and humidity, pond water temperature and weather conditions inside and outside seedling growth greenhouse;

6.2 thinnings are filled the gaps with seedlings; Carry out thinning in the goldenrod little cross phase to fill the gaps with seedlings, go growing way to cross prosperous or excessively weak seedling, extract suitable seedling and mend in hole, ensure that there is 1-2 strain field run plant in every cave;

6.3 water managements: keep nursery pond water level to remain on 8 centimetres at 8-10 centimetre, 40-50 days in sowing 40 days, remain on 6 centimetres in 50 days later, transplant and within first 1 week, carry out picking seedling and topdress, short long new root, and moisturizing should keep 3 cm;

When 6.4 seedling growths enter four leaves, spray 50% carbendazim prevent and treat damping off, embroider sick invasion.General mu is watered 60 jin of sprayings evenly with 2 liang.Within 5-7 days before transplanting, chase after once to send and transfer medicine.

Three is that culture fertility is meticulous wholely: goldenrod is fibrous root crop, needs loose soil, therefore, based on fertilizer, must supplement phosphorus potash fertilizer.Generally after late rice harvesting, under every 667 squares, sufficient 1500-2000 kilogram, the pig cattle pen excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed makees base manure, and winter kind wants thin wholely, and furrow face is smooth, wide 100 cm of furrow, furrow height 20-30 centimetre, requires to accomplish waist ditch, gutter, furrow ditch, and ditch ditch communicates.

Four is in good time transplantings, and rational close planting: when rice shoot grows to 12-15 centimeter length before and after the Spring Equinox, beats cave by the specifications of 30 centimetres * 20 centimetres and plant.Want saturated with water before lifting seedlings, make that matrix is swollen to rise, band root band is fertile, waters sufficient normal root water, keeps moistening, in order to turning green.

Five is management

(1) weeding epiphragma; The nice and cool humid climate of goldenrod happiness, cold-resistant.With dredge fertile, be rich in humus, well-drained sand loam cultivation be advisable.Transplant and within first 1 day, want mu 120-180ml Acetochlor to be watered 80-100 jin even spraying, within the 3rd day, transplant the favourable loosing soil of covering with plastic film afterwards, tear mulch film after seedling teleblem, make young crops expose outside film;

(2) mend spraying fertilizer: after seedling turns green, hold in green grass or young crops have Huang according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings, support, mend in Huang, senior middle school have short, short in the principle executed, appropriate supplement executes the neat seedling of nitrate nitrogen solution.BOITING STAGE, the pregnant flower bud phase, according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings, takes the circumstances into consideration to impose carbonic hydroammonium or people and animals' fecaluria.After goldenrod harvesting mid-August, mend and chase after barnyard manure, compost, garbage tankage, or the fertile short long new talent growth of mixing.

Six is anti-worm harm of curing the disease

Diseases prevention

(1) root rot: hot and humid muggy weather easily occurs.Prevention and controls: select water good, this sick generation is reduced in ventilation plot.The diseased plant record of bacterium more than 50% or the 1000 times of liquid pourings of 70% thiophanate methyl;

(2) mosaic disease: caused by a kind of virus, plant leaf of being injured is floral leaf shape, plant atrophy.Prevention and controls: the insects such as the aphid of attention control transmitted virus, choosing is reserved seed for planting without diseased plant, crop rotation.Seedling Stage and prosperous for a long time every mu select decent job oligosaccharide element 20g to add and be watered 45-50 kilogram than worm quinoline 30g;

(3) rust: be a kind of fungi, the plant leaf back side that is injured grows yellow rust shape spot, and cap goes out yellow powder.After prevention and controls is turned green with land for growing field crops before seedling replanting, mu 20% triadimefon (triazolone) 600-800 times of liquid spraying blade tow sides;

Insect-pest

The insect of goldenrod has harm root and the seedling such as grub, cutworm, mole cricket, wireworm, and the pungent phosphorus or ground worm final hit or chlorophos powder mixed can be selected to prevent and treat.Have bridging worm at BOITING STAGE, prodenia litura (also crying armyworm) endangers, and can select the low poison control such as cypermethrin, decis, Le Siben.

Seven is in good time results, and regrowth is reserved seed for planting:

Plantation goldenrod can carry out first time in general 7-8 month and cut leaf.The concrete time should be held blade volatile oil formation peak period at back brace in the beginning of autumn and be carried out.Cutting leaf site should overhead 5-10 centimetre, survives raising with favourable regrowth after autumn.Normal higher to cut seedling leaf oil content before 9 o'clock in 3 o'clock to evening in the afternoon.The blade cut off will be processed in time, if heap is let slip for a long time, tans by the sun overlong time, all can affect oil yield and contain glucoside amount.Regrowth breeding, shortens cane height, is not easily blown off after seed maturity, thus improves seed production.

Claims (6)

1. improve a goldenrod implantation methods for volatile oil content, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:

1) seed is selected: anosis, the breeding of high-quality regrowth that selective volatilization oil content is high, and seed is ripe in nature;

2) nursery: select the leeward place faced south to be nursery pond; Smooth nursery pond; At the bottom of nursery pond, uniform spreading fills out fine earth, spraying insecticide on fine earth; Antiseepage film to be layered on fine earth and mat frame, dark 13-18 centimetres of nursery pond; Build at nursery pond the seedling growth greenhouse that ceiling high is 80 centimetres, cover with plastic sheeting for farm use; Charing husk, peat, pearl powdered carbon are uniformly mixed into matrix, matrix are loaded 200 pass nursery vinyl discs; Mid-December was sowed to early January, sowed first 2-3 days, and injecting pH value to nursery pond is the clean water of 6-7.2, is 13 centimetres to water depth; Select the morning of fine day, every bunch planting enters 3-4 seeds, then uses the thin lid seed of matrix, puts into nursery pond by broadcasting the nursery vinyl disc of planting in time the same day, and keeps moistening with clear water spraying;

3) seedling management

First time nutrient solution within after planting 25 days, need be added, second time nutrient solution within 40 days, need be added; Keep nursery pond water level to remain on 8 centimetres at 8-10 centimetre, 40-50 days in sowing 40 days, within 50 days, remain on 6 centimetres later; Transplant and within first 1 week, carry out picking seedling and topdress, short long new root, nursery pond water level keeps 3 cm; Carry out thinning in the little cross phase to fill the gaps with seedlings, removing growing way crosses prosperous and excessively weak seedling, fills the gaps with seedlings, keep every cave to have 1-2 strain field run plant in hole; During four leaves, the anti-damping off of carbendazim of spraying 50%, embroider sick invasion, one mu of consumption is that the carbendazim of 100g concentration 50% is watered 30L even spraying; Within 5-7 days before transplanting, chase after once to send and transfer medicine;

4) transplant

Select the smooth land used of sandy soil, after late rice harvesting by every 667 squares under foot 1500-2000 kilograms, the pig cattle pen excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed make base manure, furrow are wide 0.9-1.2 meters, and furrow are high 20-30 centimetres, furrow width 30 centimetres; Transplant and be watered 40-50L even spraying by every mu of 120-180ml Acetochlor in first 1 day; When rice shoot grows to 12-15 centimeter length before and after the Spring Equinox, beat cave by the specification of 30 cm x 20 centimetres and plant; Before lifting seedlings, saturated with water rises to matrix is swollen, and band root band fertilizer lifts seedlings, and waters normal root water after lifting seedlings; Transplant covering with plastic film after the 3rd day;

5) plant

After seedling turns green, by there being Huang Huangzhong to mend in green grass or young crops, senior middle school have short in the principle executed, mend and execute nitrate nitrogen solution; BOITING STAGE, the pregnant flower bud phase imposes carbonic hydroammonium or people and animals' fecaluria; After goldenrod harvesting mid-August, mend and chase after barnyard manure, compost, garbage tankage, or the fertile short long new talent growth of mixing;

6) gather in the crops:

Goldenrod carried out first time at 7-8 months and cuts leaf, and the concrete time is cut Miao Ye before 9 o'clock after the beginning of autumn in 3 o'clock to evening in the afternoon; Cutting leaf site should overhead 5-10 centimetres; The blade cut off extracts volatile oil in time; Regrowth breeding.

2. a kind of goldenrod implantation methods improving volatile oil content according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described regrowth is that plant type is compact, blade width is moderate, well developed root system, absorption ability of nutrient strong, and bud is extracted out evenly, without the regrowth of rust.

3. a kind of goldenrod implantation methods improving volatile oil content according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the front stubble of described nursery pond did not plant garlic, onion, composite family herbal medicine crop for more than 2 years, will remove the weeds in nursery pond and the residual root and stem of certain plants of crop before smooth nursery pond.

4. a kind of goldenrod implantation methods improving volatile oil content according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described matrix is: charing husk, peat, pearl powdered carbon are 5:4:1 Homogeneous phase mixing in mass ratio, spray clean water to mix thoroughly, make matrix moistening loose to hold agglomerating, touch i.e. loose degree.

5. a kind of goldenrod implantation methods improving volatile oil content according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described nutrient solution is: configure by the mass ratio 1:4000 of tobacco floating seed rearing special fertilizer and clear water.

6. a kind of goldenrod implantation methods improving volatile oil content according to claim 1, is characterized in that: after planting, also should carry out the control of disease worm harm before results, prevention and controls is as follows:

A, root rot: select water good, sick generation is reduced in ventilation plot; The diseased plant times liquid pouring of at least one in 50% carbendazim or 70% thiophanate methyl 1000;

B, mosaic disease: the insects such as the aphid of attention control transmitted virus, choosing is reserved seed for planting without diseased plant, crop rotation; Seedling Stage and prosperous for a long time every mu select decent job oligosaccharide element 20g to add and be watered 20-25L than worm quinoline 30g;

C, rust: after turning green with land for growing field crops before seedling replanting, every mu of use 20% triadimefon 600-800 times of liquid spraying blade tow sides;

F, insect pest: grub, cutworm, wireworm, mole cricket harm root and the parasitosis of seedling, with pungent mix phosphorus, at least one control in worm final hit, chlorophos powder; The bridging worm of BOITING STAGE, prodenia litura endangers, by least one of cypermethrin, decis, Le Siben.