CN105766332A - Interplanting and crop rotation combined planting method of salvia miltiorrhiza and millet - Google Patents
Interplanting and crop rotation combined planting method of salvia miltiorrhiza and millet Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an interplanting and crop rotation combined planting method of salvia miltiorrhiza and millet. According to the technical scheme, on the same land parcel, a salvia miltiorrhiza and millet interplanting mode is adopted in the first year: salvia miltiorrhiza in four rows in two ridges and millet in four rows are interplanted; a salvia miltiorrhiza and millet in-place crop rotation interplanting mode is adopted in the second year: salvia miltiorrhiza is planted in row width spaces of the millet interplanted in the first year, and millet is interplanted in a crop rotation manner in row width spaces of the salvia miltiorrhiza planted in the first year. A sustainable production planting method of the salvia miltiorrhiza is established, salvia miltiorrhiza and millet interplanting modes and methods are created and comprise the interplanting mode of salvia miltiorrhiza in two ridges (including four rows) and millet in four rows; a transplanting method of the salvia miltiorrhiza covered with black films; an in-place crop rotation interplanting method of the salvia miltiorrhiza and the millet. Various barriers including worse pest and disease damage, descending of yield and quality, difficulty in large-area crop rotation and the like due to monocropping and continuous cropping in production of the salvia miltiorrhiza are eliminated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae millet set crop rotation implantation methods, belong to field of medicinal plant cultivation.
Background technology
Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae is that China commonly uses large class medical material, and essentially from artificial growth, Shandong is its main producing region.Nearly 300,000 mu of the cultivated area of Shandong Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, yield accounts for more than the 60% of the whole nation, and existing cropping pattern is nonoculture and continuous cropping.Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae nonoculture mode is on same soil, mainly adopts ridge planting, is usually Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae nursery summer and autumn, March next spring, and ridging is transplanted, and late October to early November gathers in the crops.Next year is ridging more wholely, starts next crop cycle.Such large-area nonoculture and continuous cropping, cause that disease pest harm in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae field increases the weight of, and Weed infestation generally increases the weight of, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae yield and Quality Down, and for plantation unit large area crop rotation difficulty, the sustainable production of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae is subject to serious restriction.
Large-area your writing and continuous cropping have a strong impact on Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae yield and quality, and continuous cropping 1 year, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae yield can reduce 20-30%；Continuous cropping 2 years, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae yield reduces about 50%, and root rot, root-knot nematode etc. occur generally serious.Carrying out the crop rotation of big face, in suitable planting district, plot lacks, and causes Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae planting area village hollowing.
Therefore, carry out Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae diversification plantation to be highly desirable to, CN105103851A discloses a kind of Semen Maydis and Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae spacing sleeve cropping method, corn seeding is planted in the ranks at Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae row by the method after Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae field planting again, the method utilizes that the corn growth cycle is short, plant is tall and big, effectively can provide required shady and cool environment for the growth of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, improves yield and economic benefit.But the method Problems existing: one be summer Salvia miltiorrhiza Growth need with the relation of Shading with corn situation it have been experienced that, and then show as serious suppression on producing；Two is that flat implantation methods of making routinely is more not directed to the solution of Soil-sickness Problem.
Summary of the invention
It is desirable to provide a kind of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae millet set crop rotation implantation methods, set up the implantation methods of the sustainable production of a kind of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, solve nonoculture and the various obstacles of continuous cropping during Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae produces: as pest and disease damage increase the weight of, yield and Quality Down, large area crop rotation are difficult.
The present invention adopts technical scheme as follows, a kind of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae millet set crop rotation implantation methods, and on same plot, First Year adopts Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae millet nixed planting: two ridge four row Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizaes and the interplanting of four row millets；Second Year adopts Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae millet crop rotation nixed planting on the spot: interplant plantation Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae in millet vertically hung scroll at First Year, plants crop rotation interplanting millet in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae vertically hung scroll at First Year.
Described two ridge four row Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizaes and the interplanting of four row millets, method is: Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae bar fabric width 1.8 meters, millet bar fabric width 1.8 meters, and vertically hung scroll arrangement mode is Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae-millet-Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae-millet；Every Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae plantation vertically hung scroll plays two every ridges, ridge and plants two row, and 4 row millets sowed by every millet vertically hung scroll.
Concrete grammar is as follows,
First Year: Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae millet is interplanted
(1) site preparation and fertilization: after autumn crops results, fertilising, plough deeply leveling；
(2) field design: Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae interplanting millet, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae bar fabric width 1.8 meters, millet bar fabric width 1.8 meters, vertically hung scroll arrangement mode is Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae-millet-Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae-millet；
(3) Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae plantation
1. Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae nursery: select 2 years raw Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae field stalwartness plant results salvia seeds June, after drying roguing, in mid or late July seeding and seedling raising, transplantation of seedlings can be played to early November；
2. ridging overlay film: before late October is extremely freeze-up or after thawing early spring in the coming year, according to soil moisture content, timely ridging overlay film preserves soil moisture, every Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae plantation bar fabric width 1.8 meters, two ridge, row spacing 90 centimetres, ridge is high 25 centimetres, covers black film；
3. for transplantation of seedlings: selecting diameter 0.5 centimetre, length 15 centimetres, fresh nothing is gone mouldy, without nematode nudule, not damaged seedling；Getting ready after Seedling plants, transplant early, film is transplanted, every ridge plants two row, seeding row spacing 20 cm x 35 centimetres, and intersection is planted, and the symptom of a trend is not revealed in planting point earthing compacting, it is ensured that a full stand, transplanting time be early November to before freeze-up or after thawing early spring in the coming year to late March；
4. field management: look into Seedling in time and fill the gaps with seedlings, notes water drainage rainy season, it is not necessary to topdress and spray insecticide；
5. gather in the crops: early November, mechanical harvest in good time；
(3) interplanting millet
Preserve soil moisture: after Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae is transplanted 1. wholely, early April, thin, compacting soil moisture conservation that millet planting vertically hung scroll is raked in time, wait to broadcast；
2. seed sowing: start sowing the first tenday period of a month in May, selects high yield potential big, and anti-fall performance is strong, the Mid-late ripening seed-grain of quality better；4 row millets sowed by every vertically hung scroll, line-spacing 45 centimetres, every mu of amount of broadcasting 0.5 kilogram；Mechanical planting, broadcasts rear compacting, and one broadcasts full stand；
3. field management: after emerging, during 2-3 sheet leaf, mu is looked into Seedling and reseeded, machinery intertillage during 6-7 sheet leaf, it is achieved loosen the soil, earth up, the purpose of weeding.Note prevention waterlogging rainy season, it is not necessary to topdress and spraying pesticide；
4. gather in the crops: early September, mechanical harvest in good time；
Second Year: Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae millet crop rotation is interplanted
After Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae results, by First Year method site preparation and fertilization, adopt Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae millet crop rotation interplanting: interplant plantation Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae in millet vertically hung scroll at First Year；Planting crop rotation interplanting millet in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae vertically hung scroll at First Year, implantation methods field management is equal to First Year.
After Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae results, carry out next crop cycle crop rotation interplanting in this way, so can realize the sustainable plantation of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae.
Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae is perennial dicotyledonous herbaceous plant, plant height 30 80 centimetres, multi-branched, likes the more resistance to shade of sun, the about 220 days time of infertility in year, culturing and transplanting seedlings, double line width ridge；Millet is monocotyledonous grasses, it it is the important rain fed crops of northern China, fibrous root is flourishing, stem stalk is sturdy, plant height 80 120 centimetres, period of duration about 120 days, seed flat planting is planted, happiness sun, happiness temperature, stable yields, weak to continuous cropping, equally there is good drought-enduring Characteristics of Drought with Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, plant height is generally greater than Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae 40 cm, in peak of growing season, both Requirement Characteristics supplement mutually, improve spatial light cyclization border, land for growing field crops, the Dominance in border row that easy one-tenth is stronger, improve group's production capacity. after millet early September results, improve Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae field growing environment further, it is more beneficial for Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae root growth and the accumulation of tanshinone material, increase Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae yield, improve Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae quality.
The present invention sets up the field planting pattern of the sustainable production of a kind of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, creates Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae millet nixed planting and method: include two ridges (four row) Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae and four row millet nixed planting；Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae covers black film method for transplanting；Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae millet crop rotation interplanting method on the spot.
The inventive method has the advantages that
1, set up more reasonably farmland Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae agrium, reduce disease pest and infect harm, improve Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae yield, improve and stablize Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae quality.
2, reduce agriculture chemical amount of application, favorably improve soil environment；The inventive method only when whole ground mu execute high-quality fertilizer 3000 kilograms, three element compound fertilizer 50 kilograms, it is not necessary to topdress and spraying pesticide.A large amount of minimizing chemical fertilizer and applications of pesticide amount, safer environmental protection.This is undoubtedly a much progress in agricultural production！
3, being easily achieved mechanized operation, reduce cost of labor, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae can realize mechanization ridging overlay film integration operation, mechanized harvest, and millet can realize Mechanization sowing and mechanized harvest.
4, avoid Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae plantation large area crop rotation to cause producing region village hollowing problem, it is achieved crop rotation on the spot, improve overall efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention:
For making the present invention easier to understand, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is expanded on further.Should be understood that these embodiments are merely to illustrate the present invention rather than restriction the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
First Year: Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae millet is interplanted
1, site preparation and fertilization: after autumn crops results, mu executes high-quality fertilizer (commercially available finished product) 3000 kilograms, three element compound fertilizer (NPK ratio is 15:15:15) 50 kilograms, ploughs deeply leveling.
2, field design: Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae interplanting millet, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae bar fabric width 1.8 meters, millet bar fabric width 1.8 meters.Vertically hung scroll arrangement mode is Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae-millet-Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae-millet.
3, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae plantation
(1) Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae nursery: select 2 years raw Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae field stalwartness plant results salvia seeds June, after drying roguing, in mid or late July seeding and seedling raising, transplantation of seedlings can be played to early November.
(2) ridging overlay film: before late October is extremely freeze-up or after thawing early spring in the coming year, according to soil moisture content, timely ridging overlay film preserves soil moisture, every Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae plantation bar fabric width 1.8 meters, playing two ridges, row spacing 90 centimetres, ridge is high 25 centimetres, cover black film, thickness 0.008 centimetre, wide 1.1 meters.
(3) standby transplantation of seedlings: selecting diameter 0.5 centimetre, length 15 centimetres, fresh nothing is gone mouldy, without nematode nudule, not damaged seedling；After getting Seedling cultivation ready, transplanting early, film is transplanted, every ridge plants two row, seeding row spacing 20 cm x 35 centimetres, and intersection is planted, and the symptom of a trend is not revealed in planting point earthing compacting, it is ensured that a full stand.Transplanting time be early November to before freeze-up or after thawing early spring in the coming year to late March.
(4) field management: look into Seedling in time and fill the gaps with seedlings, notes water drainage rainy season, it is not necessary to topdress and spray insecticide.
(5) gather in the crops: early November, mechanical harvest in good time.
3, interplanting millet
(1) preserve soil moisture: after Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae is transplanted wholely, early April, thin, compacting soil moisture conservation that millet planting vertically hung scroll is raked in time, wait to broadcast.
(2) seed sowing: start sowing the first tenday period of a month in May.Selection high yield potential is big, and anti-fall performance is strong, the Mid-late ripening seed-grain of quality better；4 row millets sowed by every vertically hung scroll, line-spacing 45 centimetres, every mu of amount of broadcasting 0.5 kilogram.Mechanical planting, broadcasts rear compacting, and one broadcasts full stand.
(3) field management: after emerging, during 2-3 sheet leaf, mu is looked into Seedling and reseeded, machinery intertillage during 6-7 sheet leaf, it is achieved loosen the soil, earth up, the purpose of weeding.Note prevention waterlogging rainy season, it is not necessary to topdress and spraying pesticide.
(4) gather in the crops: early September, mechanical harvest in good time.
First Year Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae-millet interplanting result is as shown in table 1:
Table 1
| Yield (kg/acre) | Tanshinone IIA content (%) | Plant sickness rate (%) | |
| Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae | 345 | 0.38 | 0.5 |
| Millet | 223 | 0 |
Embodiment 2
Second Year: Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae millet crop rotation is interplanted
After Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae results, by embodiment 1 method site preparation and fertilization, adopt Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae millet crop rotation interplanting: interplant plantation Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae in millet vertically hung scroll at First Year；Crop rotation interplanting millet, implantation methods field management equivalent integers 1 in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae vertically hung scroll is planted at First Year.
Second Year Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae-millet interplanting result is as shown in table 2:
Table 2
| Yield (kg/acre) | Tanshinone IIA content (%) | Plant sickness rate (%) | |
| Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae | 385 | 0.38 | 0.6 |
| Millet | 238 | 0 |
Embodiment 3
Within 3rd year, plant according to embodiment 1 method.
3rd year Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae-millet interplanting result, as shown in table 3:
Table 3
| Yield (kg/acre) | Tanshinone IIA content (%) | Plant sickness rate (%) | |
| Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae | 371 | 0.40 | 0.7 |
| Millet | 247 | 0 |
As can be seen here, the present invention overcomes the deficiency of existing Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae plantation: continuous cropping 1 year, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae yield can reduce 20-30%；Continuous cropping 2 years, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae yield reduces about 50%, and root rot, root-knot nematode etc. occur generally serious.And the inventive method First Year Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae yield 345 kgs/acre, Second Year Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae yield 385 kgs/acre, the 3rd year Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae yield 371 kgs/acre, sickness rate is at 0.5-0.7%, tanshinone IIA content about 0.4%.Will become apparent from adopting the inventive method wheel interplanting can ensure that Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae yield can control again Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae plant sickness rate, may additionally facilitate the accumulation of tanshinone material, improve Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae quality.
Claims (4)
1. a Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae millet set crop rotation implantation methods, is characterized in that, on same plot, First Year adopts Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae millet nixed planting: two ridge four row Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizaes and the interplanting of four row millets；Second Year adopts Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae millet crop rotation nixed planting on the spot: interplant plantation Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae in millet vertically hung scroll at First Year, plants crop rotation interplanting millet in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae vertically hung scroll at First Year.
2. Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae millet overlaps crop rotation implantation methods as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described two ridge four row Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizaes and four row millets are interplanted, and method is: Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae bar fabric width 1.8 meters, millet bar fabric width 1.8 meters, and vertically hung scroll arrangement mode is Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae-millet-Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae-millet；Every Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae plantation vertically hung scroll plays two every ridges, ridge and plants two row, and 4 row millets sowed by every millet vertically hung scroll.
3. Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae millet overlaps crop rotation implantation methods as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, concrete grammar is as follows,
First Year: Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae millet is interplanted
(1) site preparation and fertilization: after autumn crops results, fertilising, plough deeply leveling；
(2) field design: Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae interplanting millet, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae bar fabric width 1.8 meters, millet bar fabric width 1.8 meters, vertically hung scroll arrangement mode is Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae-millet-Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae-millet；
(3) Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae plantation
1. Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae nursery: select 2 years raw Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae field stalwartness plant results salvia seeds June, after drying roguing, in mid or late July seeding and seedling raising, transplantation of seedlings can be played to early November；
2. ridging overlay film: before late October is extremely freeze-up or after thawing early spring in the coming year, according to soil moisture content, timely ridging overlay film preserves soil moisture, every Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae plantation bar fabric width 1.8 meters, two ridge, row spacing 90 centimetres, ridge is high 25 centimetres, covers black film；
3. for transplantation of seedlings: selecting diameter 0.5 centimetre, length 15 centimetres, fresh nothing is gone mouldy, without nematode nudule, not damaged seedling；Getting ready after Seedling plants, transplant early, film is transplanted, every ridge plants two row, seeding row spacing 20 cm x 35 centimetres, and intersection is planted, and the symptom of a trend is not revealed in planting point earthing compacting, it is ensured that a full stand, transplanting time be early November to before freeze-up or after thawing early spring in the coming year to late March；
4. field management: look into Seedling in time and fill the gaps with seedlings, notes water drainage rainy season, it is not necessary to topdress and spray insecticide；
5. gather in the crops: early November, mechanical harvest in good time；
(3) interplanting millet
Preserve soil moisture: after Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae is transplanted 1. wholely, early April, thin, compacting soil moisture conservation that millet planting vertically hung scroll is raked in time, wait to broadcast；
2. seed sowing: start sowing the first tenday period of a month in May, selects high yield potential big, and anti-fall performance is strong, the Mid-late ripening seed-grain of quality better；4 row millets sowed by every vertically hung scroll, line-spacing 45 centimetres, every mu of amount of broadcasting 0.5 kilogram；Mechanical planting, broadcasts rear compacting, and one broadcasts full stand；
3. field management: after emerging, during 2-3 sheet leaf, mu is looked into Seedling and reseeded, machinery intertillage during 6-7 sheet leaf, note prevention waterlogging rainy season, it is not necessary to topdress and spraying pesticide；
4. gather in the crops: early September, mechanical harvest in good time；
Second Year: Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae millet crop rotation is interplanted
After Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae results, by First Year method site preparation and fertilization, adopt Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae millet crop rotation interplanting: interplant plantation Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae in millet vertically hung scroll at First Year；Crop rotation interplanting millet, the same First Year of implantation methods field management in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae vertically hung scroll is planted at First Year.
4. Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae millet overlaps crop rotation implantation methods as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described (1) site preparation and fertilization: mu organic fertilizer 3000 kilograms, three element compound fertilizer 50 kilograms.
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| CN109924080A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-06-25 | 山西省农业科学院生物技术研究中心 | A kind of implantation methods of the sowing of quinoa furrow and Forage Sorghum set crop rotation |
| CN113475339A (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2021-10-08 | 贵州省植物园（贵州省园林科学研究所、贵州省植物研究所） | Bletilla striata and millet intercropping planting method |
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Application publication date: 20160720 |