CN113475339A - Bletilla striata and millet intercropping planting method - Google Patents
Bletilla striata and millet intercropping planting method Download PDFInfo
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- 244000062793 Sorghum vulgare Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 235000019713 millet Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 241001313857 Bletilla striata Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000009342 intercropping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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Abstract
The invention provides a bletilla striata and millet intercropping planting method, which comprises the following preparation steps: (S1), land selection and preparation, and gradient ≧ 15°The soil is fertile and loose sandy loam; (S2) planting rhizoma bletillae, selecting 1-2-year-old rhizoma bletillae seeds, directly sowing seedling seedlings, and adopting a down-slope planting mode that wide rows and narrow rows are arranged alternately; (S3) selecting millet varieties; (S4) planting millet, and planting bletilla striata in wide rows; (S5) field management; (S6) covering millet straws, collecting millet, continuously keeping the millet straws as bletilla striata to shade, and cutting and covering the millet straws on the narrow-row bletilla striata planting surfaces after the bletilla striata falls off seedlings, wherein the covering thickness is not more than 5 cm. The method provided by the invention has high resource utilization rate, effectively solves the problem of farmland tension, has the characteristics of large planting scale, production and income increase and high economic benefit, and can realize good economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bletilla striata planting, and particularly relates to a bletilla striata and millet intercropping planting method.
Background
The bletilla striata is a perennial herb of bletilla in the orchid family, is mainly produced in Guizhou province, Sichuan province, Yunnan province, Hunan province, Hubei province, Anhui province and the like, and is grown at the elevation of 100-3200 m. The dried tubers are used as the traditional common Chinese medicinal materials in China, are bitter, astringent, sweet and slightly cold in nature, enter lung, liver and stomach channels, and have the effects of stopping bleeding, astringing, reducing swelling and promoting tissue regeneration. The traditional Chinese medicine composition is mainly used for treating hematemesis, hemoptysis, traumatic hemorrhage, ulcer pain, rhagadia manus et pedis, carbuncle sore and pyogenic infections and the like in clinic. Modern pharmacological experiments prove that the bletilla has the functions of antibiosis, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, antioxidation and the like. At present, the bletilla has been developed from traditional Chinese medicinal material resources to become a special economic plant with functions of medicine, industry, health care and appreciation.
With the development and utilization of bletilla striata and the requirements of the printing and dyeing industry and the beauty industry, the dosage of bletilla striata is increased day by day, and in order to meet the market demand, people increase the excavation of wild bletilla striata, so that the dosage of wild bletilla striata resources is less and less. In order to meet the market demand and protect wild resources, artificial cultivation of bletilla striata needs to be increased. However, the farmland is the basis of grain safety, and under the background of preventing the farmland from being non-grain, the traditional cultivation and planting technology is adopted, bletilla striata and a variety are planted singly in one land, so that land competition of medicines and grains is caused, the land utilization rate is low, weeds are easy to occur, the management cost is high, the disease degree is high, the yield is reduced, and the economic benefit is poor.
Bletilla striata is a perennial herbaceous plant, and the planting is needed for 3 years from the seedling planting to the mature tuber harvesting. In addition, the growth characteristics of bletilla striata, which favors yin, affect the growth of bletilla striata at excessive temperatures in summer. Intercropping is the essence of traditional agriculture in China, and a reasonable intercropping mode not only can intensively utilize agricultural resources and improve the compound productivity in unit area, but also is one of effective measures for increasing the biological diversity of farmlands, and is an effective way for developing sustainable agriculture. At present, a method for interplanting bletilla striata, corn, sorghum and sunflower is available, but the yield of the bletilla striata and the comprehensive economic benefit of the land are not obviously improved. Under the background of preventing non-grain of cultivated land, a planting method which not only considers grain production but also ensures stable production and income increase of rhizoma bletillae is urgently needed in artificial planting and popularization of rhizoma bletillae, and economic benefit of unit land area is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a bletilla striata and millet intercropping planting method to solve the problems in the background technology.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: an intercropping planting method of bletilla striata and millet comprises the following preparation steps:
(S1), land selection and preparation, and gradient ≧ 15°Ploughing the sandy loam with fertile and loose soil by 30-40 cm in winter, spreading decomposed farmyard manure during ploughing, applying a compound fertilizer after one month of natural weathering, ploughing by 20-30 cm again to uniformly mix the soil and the manure, and leveling and raking the soil;
(S2), planting rhizoma bletillae, selecting 1-2-year-old rhizoma bletillae seeds, directly sowing seedling seedlings, and adopting a direct slope planting mode of alternately arranging wide rows and narrow rows, wherein the row spacing of the wide rows is 60cm, the row spacing of the narrow rows is 20-25 cm, the plant spacing is 20-25 cm, and the covering soil is 3-4 cm;
(S3) selecting millet varieties, namely selecting early-medium-ripe glutinous millet varieties which have local plant height of 60-80 cm and have a growth period shorter than or basically the same as that of bletilla striata and have local plant height of self-reserved seeds;
(S4) millet planting, namely planting millet by adopting a dibbler between wide rows of bletilla striata planting, checking and replanting 2-3 leaves after millet seedlings emerge, fixing seedlings when 5-6 leaves are formed, reserving 4-5 seedlings in each hole, and applying urea to lift seedlings and strengthen the seedlings;
(S5), field management, intertillage weeding, pest control and topdressing;
(S6) covering millet straws, collecting millet, continuously keeping the millet straws as bletilla striata to shade, and cutting and covering the millet straws on the narrow-row bletilla striata planting surfaces after the bletilla striata falls off seedlings, wherein the covering thickness is not more than 5 cm.
Preferably, in the step (S1), the pH value of the soil is 6.5-7.5, the organic matter content of the soil is 25-50 g/kg, the decomposed farmyard manure used by the farmyard manure is mainly cow dung, and the using amount of the compound fertilizer used is 30-40 kg/mu.
Preferably, in the step (S2), the bletilla striata seedlings used are 1-2 years old bletilla striata seeds with pseudo bulbs directly sown seedling seedlings, and the seedlings are selected to grow well, have no plant diseases and insect pests and no mechanical damage, have a seedling hardening and domesticating period of more than 8 months, have 2-4 seedlings leaves, 3-6 seedlings roots, have a height of more than or equal to 10cm, and have a fresh weight of 2-5 g.
Preferably, in the step (S5), the artificial weeding time of the bletilla striata is that the bletilla striata is manually removed when the millet is subjected to final singling, the bletilla striata and the millet are simply intertillage loosened after the millet is subjected to line closure, the bletilla striata and the millet are simultaneously topdressed with the compound fertilizer at the time of 5-6 months after the millet is subjected to final singling, and the compound fertilizer is topdressed at the time of 9-10 months.
Preferably, in the step (S4), the millet planting and density selection comprises three years of planting, wherein 2 rows are planted in the first year, the row spacing is 20cm, the planting spacing is 10-15 cm, 5-10 seeds per hole of the seeder are set, and the amount of seeds used per mu is 400-500 g; ploughing a wide row by using a micro-tillage machine with 50cm blades in the next year, planting 2 rows, wherein the row spacing is 20cm, the plant spacing is 10-15 cm, 5-8 seeds per hole of the seeder are set, and the seed consumption per mu is 350-450 g; in the third year, ploughing the wide row by using a micro-tillage machine with a cutter of 40cm, planting 1 row, setting the planting distance to be 10-15 cm, setting 5-10 seeds per hole of the seeder, and using the seed quantity per mu to be 200-300 g.
Compared with the prior art, the bletilla striata belongs to a photophobic crop, the millet belongs to a photophobic crop, and the bletilla striata and the millet are intercropped, so that the millet can provide a bletilla striata shading environment; after the bletilla striata and the millet are intercropped, the occurrence of weed diseases can be effectively reduced, and the production management cost of the bletilla striata is reduced; the millet straw cover can effectively reduce weeds, can increase soil fertility after rotting, and can also preserve heat and moisture; the bletilla striata and millet intercropped composite three-dimensional structure fully utilizes light energy and land capability, the planted bletilla striata and millet can normally grow under a proper environment, yield and income of the bletilla striata are increased, grain production of the millet is considered, and economic benefits of unit land area can be improved in the aspect of economic benefits. The method has the advantages of effectively and intensively utilizing space, fully utilizing land resources, reducing pesticide use, effectively solving the contradiction of cultivated land tension, having high resource utilization rate and having better demonstration effect on developing and optimizing three-dimensional planting. Therefore, the method has high resource utilization rate, effectively solves the contradiction of the shortage of cultivated land, has the characteristics of large planting scale, production and income increase and high economic benefit, and can realize good economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention with reference to the description.
The bletilla striata and millet planting method specifically adopts the following method for planting bletilla striata and millet, and comprises the following steps:
(S1), land selection and preparation, and gradient ≧ 15°Ploughing the sandy loam with fertile and loose soil by 30-40 cm in winter, spreading decomposed farmyard manure during ploughing, applying a compound fertilizer after one month of natural weathering, ploughing by 20-30 cm again to uniformly mix the soil and the manure, and leveling and raking the soil;
(S2), planting rhizoma bletillae, selecting 1-2-year-old rhizoma bletillae seeds, directly sowing seedling seedlings, and adopting a direct slope planting mode of alternately arranging wide rows and narrow rows, wherein the row spacing of the wide rows is 60cm, the row spacing of the narrow rows is 20-25 cm, the plant spacing is 20-25 cm, and the covering soil is 3-4 cm;
(S3) selecting millet varieties, namely selecting early-medium-ripe glutinous millet varieties which have local plant height of 60-80 cm and have a growth period shorter than or basically the same as that of bletilla striata and have local plant height of self-reserved seeds;
(S4) millet planting, namely planting millet by adopting a dibbler between wide rows of bletilla striata planting, checking and replanting 2-3 leaves after millet seedlings emerge, fixing seedlings when 5-6 leaves are formed, reserving 4-5 seedlings in each hole, and applying urea to lift seedlings and strengthen the seedlings;
(S5), field management, intertillage weeding, pest control and topdressing;
(S6) covering millet straws, collecting millet, continuously keeping the millet straws as bletilla striata to shade, and cutting and covering the millet straws on the narrow-row bletilla striata planting surfaces after the bletilla striata falls off seedlings, wherein the covering thickness is not more than 5 cm.
The following description is made for different data:
example one
An intercropping planting method of bletilla striata and millet comprises the following preparation steps:
(S1), land selection and preparation, and gradient ≧ 15°Ploughing the sandy loam with fertile and loose soil for 32cm in winter, spreading decomposed farmyard manure during ploughing, applying a compound fertilizer after one month of natural weathering, ploughing for 21cm again to uniformly mix the soil and the manure, and finely preparing and raking the soil;
(S2) planting rhizoma bletillae, selecting 1-2-year-old rhizoma bletillae seeds, directly sowing seedling seedlings, and adopting a direct slope planting mode of alternately arranging wide rows and narrow rows, wherein the row spacing of the wide rows is 60cm, the row spacing of the narrow rows is 20cm, the plant spacing is 20cm, and the covering soil is 3 cm;
(S3) selecting millet varieties, namely selecting early-medium glutinous millet varieties which have local self-reserved plant heights of 60cm and have growth periods shorter than or basically the same as that of bletilla striata;
(S4) millet planting, namely planting millet by adopting a dibbler between wide rows of bletilla striata planting, checking and replanting 2-3 leaves after millet seedlings emerge, fixing seedlings when 5-6 leaves are formed, reserving 4-5 seedlings in each hole, and applying urea to lift seedlings and strengthen the seedlings;
(S5), field management, intertillage weeding, pest control and topdressing;
(S6) covering millet straws, collecting millet, continuously keeping the millet straws as bletilla striata to shade, and cutting and covering the millet straws on the narrow-row bletilla striata planting surfaces after the bletilla striata falls off seedlings, wherein the covering thickness is not more than 5 cm.
Furthermore, the pH value of the soil is 6.5, the organic matter content of the soil is 25g/kg, the decomposed farmyard manure used by the farmyard manure is mainly cow dung, and the using amount of the compound fertilizer used is 30 kg/mu.
Further, in the step (S2), the bletilla striata seedlings used are 1-2 years old bletilla striata seeds with pseudo bulbs directly sown seedling seedlings, and the seedlings are selected to grow well, have no plant diseases and insect pests and have no mechanical damage, the seedling hardening and domesticating period is more than 8 months, the number of the seedlings is 2-4, the number of the seedlings is 3-6, the height of the seedlings is more than or equal to 10cm, and the fresh weight of the whole seedlings is 2-5 g.
In the step (S5), the artificial weeding time of bletilla striata is that the bletilla striata is manually removed when millet seedlings are set, the bletilla striata and the millet are simply intertillage loosened after the millet seedlings are closed, the bletilla striata is simultaneously topdressed with compound fertilizer 40 kg/mu 5-6 months after the millet seedlings are set, and the contra-white and topdressing with compound fertilizer 20 kg/mu 9-10 months after the millet seedlings are set.
Further, in the step (S4), the millet planting and density selection comprises three years of planting, wherein 2 rows are planted in the first year, the row spacing is 20cm, the planting spacing is 11cm, 5 seeds per hole of the seeder are set, and the quantity of seeds used per mu is 400 g; ploughing the wide row by using a micro-tillage machine with 50cm blades in the next year, planting 2 rows, wherein the row spacing is 20cm, the plant spacing is 10cm, setting 5 seeds per hole of the seeder, and the seed consumption per mu is 350 g; in the third year, a 40 cm-blade mini-tiller is adopted to plough a wide row, 1 row is planted, the planting distance is 11cm, 5 seeds per hole of the seeder are set, and the seed consumption per mu is 220 g.
Example two
An intercropping planting method of bletilla striata and millet comprises the following preparation steps:
(S1), land selection and preparation, and gradient ≧ 15°Ploughing the sandy loam with fertile and loose soil by 35cm in winter, spreading decomposed farmyard manure during ploughing, applying a compound fertilizer after one month of natural weathering, ploughing by 24cm again to uniformly mix the soil and the manure, and finely and raking the soil;
(S2) planting rhizoma bletillae, selecting 1-2-year-old rhizoma bletillae seeds, directly sowing seedling seedlings, and adopting a direct slope planting mode of alternately arranging wide rows and narrow rows, wherein the row spacing of the wide rows is 60cm, the row spacing of the narrow rows is 23cm, the plant spacing is 23cm, and the covering soil is 3.5 cm;
(S3) selecting millet varieties, namely selecting early-medium glutinous millet varieties which have the plant height of local self-reserved seeds of 75cm and have the growth periods shorter than or basically the same as that of common bletilla pseudobulb;
(S4) millet planting, namely planting millet by adopting a dibbler between wide rows of bletilla striata planting, checking and replanting 2-3 leaves after millet seedlings emerge, fixing seedlings when 5-6 leaves are formed, reserving 4-5 seedlings in each hole, and applying urea to lift seedlings and strengthen the seedlings;
(S5), field management, intertillage weeding, pest control and topdressing;
(S6) covering millet straws, collecting millet, continuously keeping the millet straws as bletilla striata to shade, and cutting and covering the millet straws on the narrow-row bletilla striata planting surfaces after the bletilla striata falls off seedlings, wherein the covering thickness is not more than 5 cm.
Further, the pH value of the soil is 7, the organic matter content of the soil is 35g/kg, the decomposed farmyard manure used by the farmyard manure is mainly cow dung, and the using amount of the compound fertilizer is 35 kg/mu.
Further, in the step (S2), the bletilla striata seedlings used are 1-2 years old bletilla striata seeds with pseudo bulbs directly sown seedling seedlings, and the seedlings are selected to grow well, have no plant diseases and insect pests and have no mechanical damage, the seedling hardening and domesticating period is more than 8 months, the number of the seedlings is 2-4, the number of the seedlings is 3-6, the height of the seedlings is more than or equal to 10cm, and the fresh weight of the whole seedlings is 2-5 g.
In the step (S5), the artificial weeding time of bletilla striata is that the bletilla striata is manually removed when millet seedlings are set, the bletilla striata and the millet are simply intertillage loosened after the millet seedlings are closed, the bletilla striata is simultaneously topdressed with compound fertilizer 50 kg/mu 5-6 months after the millet seedlings are set, and the bletilla striata is topdressed with compound fertilizer 25 kg/mu 9-10 months after the millet seedlings are set.
Further, in the step (S4), the millet planting and density selection includes planting for three years, wherein 2 rows are planted in the first year, the row spacing is 20cm, the planting spacing is 12cm, 8 seeds per hole of the seeder are set, and the seed consumption per mu is 450 g; ploughing the wide row by using a micro-tillage machine with 50cm blades in the next year, planting 2 rows, wherein the row spacing is 20cm, the plant spacing is 13cm, setting 7 seeds per hole of the seeder and the seed consumption per mu is 420 g; in the third year, ploughing the wide row by using a micro-tillage machine with a cutter of 40cm, planting 1 row with a plant spacing of 13cm, and setting 8 seeds per hole of the seeder and the seed consumption per mu of 280 g.
EXAMPLE III
An intercropping planting method of bletilla striata and millet comprises the following preparation steps:
(S1), land selection and preparation, and gradient ≧ 15°Ploughing the sandy loam with fertile and loose soil by 30-40 cm in winter, spreading decomposed farmyard manure during ploughing, applying a compound fertilizer after one month of natural weathering, ploughing by 20-30 cm again to uniformly mix the soil and the manure, and leveling and raking the soil;
(S2) planting rhizoma bletillae, selecting 1-2-year-old rhizoma bletillae seeds, directly sowing seedling seedlings, and adopting a direct slope planting mode of alternately arranging wide rows and narrow rows, wherein the row spacing of the wide rows is 60cm, the row spacing of the narrow rows is 25cm, the plant spacing is 25cm, and the covering soil is 3 cm;
(S3) selecting millet varieties, namely selecting early-medium glutinous millet varieties which have local self-reserved plant heights of 80cm and have growth periods shorter than or basically the same as that of bletilla striata;
(S4) millet planting, namely planting millet by adopting a dibbler between wide rows of bletilla striata planting, checking and replanting 2-3 leaves after millet seedlings emerge, fixing seedlings when 5-6 leaves are formed, reserving 4-5 seedlings in each hole, and applying urea to lift seedlings and strengthen the seedlings;
(S5), field management, intertillage weeding, pest control and topdressing;
(S6) covering millet straws, collecting millet, continuously keeping the millet straws as bletilla striata to shade, and cutting and covering the millet straws on the narrow-row bletilla striata planting surfaces after the bletilla striata falls off seedlings, wherein the covering thickness is not more than 5 cm.
Furthermore, the pH value of the soil is 7.5, the organic matter content of the soil is 48, the decomposed farmyard manure used by the farmyard manure is mainly cow dung, and the using amount of the compound fertilizer used is 40 kg/mu.
Further, in the step (S2), the bletilla striata seedlings used are 1-2 years old bletilla striata seeds with pseudo bulbs directly sown seedling seedlings, and the seedlings are selected to grow well, have no plant diseases and insect pests and have no mechanical damage, the seedling hardening and domesticating period is more than 8 months, the number of the seedlings is 2-4, the number of the seedlings is 3-6, the height of the seedlings is more than or equal to 10cm, and the fresh weight of the whole seedlings is 2-5 g.
Further, in the step (S5), the artificial weeding time of bletilla striata is that the bletilla striata is manually removed when millet seedlings are set, simple intertillage and soil loosening are simultaneously carried out on the bletilla striata and the millet after millet seedling setting, 60 kg/mu of compound fertilizer is simultaneously applied to the bletilla striata 5-6 months after millet seedling setting, and 30 kg/mu of compound fertilizer is simultaneously applied to the bletilla striata and the millet seedlings after 9-10 months.
Further, in the step (S4), the millet planting and density selection includes planting for three years, wherein 2 rows are planted in the first year, the row spacing is 20cm, the planting spacing is 15cm, 10 seeds per hole of the seeder are set, and the seed consumption per mu is 500 g; ploughing the wide row by using a micro-tillage machine with 50cm blades in the next year, planting 2 rows, wherein the row spacing is 20cm, the plant spacing is 14cm, 8 seeds are set in each hole of the seeder, and the seed consumption per mu is 450 g; in the third year, a 40 cm-blade mini-tiller is adopted to plough a wide row, 1 row is planted, the planting distance is 13cm, 9 seeds per hole of the seeder are set, and the seed consumption per mu is 290 g.
The experimental results of the invention are as follows:
the experiment starts in 2016 and 4 months, the experiment address is that a plant garden in Guizhou province inherits the planting base of the Shuangjing Town Longtang village in county, two treatment groups are in the same area but are isolated from each other, the area is 10 mu each, and after the experiment is finished, the survival rate, the annual average weeding frequency and labor cost in the growth of the bletilla striata, the disease condition, the yield of the millet and the bletilla striata during collection and the economic benefit are compared.
The invention provides a planting method for intercropping rhizoma bletillae and millet considering grain production, which intercrops Chinese medicinal materials rhizoma bletillae and millet, makes full use of the mutual advantage relationship of rhizoma bletillae and millet, and intercrops and matches the rhizoma bletillae and the millet, so that the survival rate of the rhizoma bletillae is improved by 6.7%, and the disease incidence is reduced by 11.4%; the annual average management cost is reduced by 400 yuan compared with that of rhizoma bletillae singly, and the annual average production management cost of rhizoma bletillae is reduced by 25%; the millet straw cover can effectively reduce weeds, can increase soil fertility after rotting, and can preserve heat and moisture. Under the condition of normal years, the yield of the rhizoma bletillae in three years can reach 800 kg/mu (fresh), is improved by 2.5 percent compared with the yield of rhizoma bletillae in single crop, and realizes the high yield of the rhizoma bletillae; the composite three-dimensional structure formed by the bletilla striata and the millet fully utilizes light energy and land capability, ensures that the yield and income of the bletilla striata are increased, simultaneously considers the grain production of the millet, the yield of the millet in three years can reach 600 kg/mu, the total value of the production in three years can reach 26000 yuan/mu, the yield is respectively 6500 yuan and 17600 yuan higher than that of the bletilla striata and the millet which are singly used, and the annual average income is respectively 3467.7 yuan and 2567.7 yuan higher than that of the bletilla striata and the millet which are singly used. According to the planting method disclosed by the invention, the bletilla striata and millet intercropping can effectively and intensively utilize space, fully utilize land resources, effectively solve the problem of insufficient cultivated land, has high resource utilization rate, has a better demonstration effect on development and optimization of three-dimensional planting, can enlarge the planting scale, and realizes good economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit. Therefore, the method has high resource utilization rate, effectively solves the contradiction of the shortage of cultivated land, has the characteristics of large planting scale, increased yield and income, high quality and high benefit, and can realize good economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit.
For details, please refer to the attached table:
| bai Ji Dan (rhizoma Bletillae) | Millet single crop | Test group | |
| Survival rate of rhizoma bletillae | 89.6% | -- | 96.3% |
| Annual average weeding frequency | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| Incidence of disease | 14.6% | -- | 3.2% |
| Annual average management cost (Yuan/mu) | 1600 | 1000 | 1200 |
| Fresh yield of rhizoma bletillae (kg/mu) | 780 | -- | 800 |
| Three years millet total yield (kg/mu) | -- | 840 | 600 |
| Bletilla striata income (Yuan/mu) | 19500 | -- | 20000 |
| Millet income | -- | 8400 | 6000 |
| Three years total value of planting (Yuan/mu) | 19500 | 8400 | 26000 |
| Annual average income (Yuan/mu) | 2700 | 1800 | 5267.7 |
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. The bletilla striata and millet intercropping planting method is characterized by comprising the following preparation steps:
(S1), land selection and preparation, and gradient ≧ 15°Ploughing the sandy loam with fertile and loose soil by 30-40 cm in winter, spreading decomposed farmyard manure during ploughing, applying a compound fertilizer after one month of natural weathering, ploughing by 20-30 cm again to uniformly mix the soil and the manure, and leveling and raking the soil;
(S2), planting rhizoma bletillae, selecting 1-2-year-old rhizoma bletillae seeds, directly sowing seedling seedlings, and adopting a direct slope planting mode of alternately arranging wide rows and narrow rows, wherein the row spacing of the wide rows is 60cm, the row spacing of the narrow rows is 20-25 cm, the plant spacing is 20-25 cm, and the covering soil is 3-4 cm;
(S3) selecting millet varieties, namely selecting early-medium-ripe glutinous millet varieties which have local plant height of 60-80 cm and have a growth period shorter than or basically the same as that of bletilla striata and have local plant height of self-reserved seeds;
(S4) millet planting, namely planting millet by adopting a dibbler between wide rows of bletilla striata planting, checking and replanting 2-3 leaves after millet seedlings emerge, fixing seedlings when 5-6 leaves are formed, reserving 4-5 seedlings in each hole, and applying urea to lift seedlings and strengthen the seedlings;
(S5), field management, intertillage weeding, pest control and topdressing;
(S6) covering millet straws, collecting millet, continuously keeping the millet straws as bletilla striata to shade, and cutting and covering the millet straws on the narrow-row bletilla striata planting surfaces after the bletilla striata falls off seedlings, wherein the covering thickness is not more than 5 cm.
2. The interplanting method for common bletilla pseudobulb and millet as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (S1), the pH value of the soil is 6.5-7.5, the organic matter content of the soil is 25-50 g/kg, the decomposed farmyard manure used by farmyard manure is mainly cow dung, and the amount of the compound fertilizer used is 30-40 kg/mu.
3. The bletilla striata and millet intercropping planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (S2), bletilla striata seedlings used are 1-2 years old bletilla striata seeds with pseudo bulbs, seedling seedlings are directly sown, the seedlings are good in growth, free of diseases and insect pests and free of mechanical damage, the seedling hardening and domesticating period is more than 8 months, the number of the seedling leaves is 2-4, the number of the seedling roots is 3-6, the height of the seedling is more than or equal to 10cm, and the fresh weight of the whole seedling is 2-5 g.
4. The planting method for bletilla striata and millet as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (S5), the bletilla striata and millet are artificially removed during the period of millet seedling setting, the simple intertillage and soil loosening are simultaneously performed on the bletilla striata and the millet after millet row sealing, the bletilla striata and millet are simultaneously topdressed with compound fertilizer 40-60 kg/mu in 5-6 months after the millet seedling setting, and the bletilla striata and millet are topdressed with compound fertilizer 20-30 kg/mu in 9-10 months.
5. The bletilla striata and millet intercropping method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (S4), millet planting and density selection comprise three years of planting, wherein 2 rows are planted in the first year, the row spacing is 20cm, the planting spacing is 10-15 cm, 5-10 seeds per hole of the seeder are set, and the quantity of seeds used per mu is 400-500 g; ploughing a wide row by using a micro-tillage machine with 50cm blades in the next year, planting 2 rows, wherein the row spacing is 20cm, the plant spacing is 10-15 cm, 5-8 seeds per hole of the seeder are set, and the seed consumption per mu is 350-450 g; in the third year, ploughing the wide row by using a micro-tillage machine with a cutter of 40cm, planting 1 row, setting the planting distance to be 10-15 cm, setting 5-10 seeds per hole of the seeder, and using the seed quantity per mu to be 200-300 g.
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