CN103798037A - Pollution-free high-yield cultivation method of summer soybeans - Google Patents

Pollution-free high-yield cultivation method of summer soybeans Download PDF

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CN103798037A
CN103798037A CN201410052659.1A CN201410052659A CN103798037A CN 103798037 A CN103798037 A CN 103798037A CN 201410052659 A CN201410052659 A CN 201410052659A CN 103798037 A CN103798037 A CN 103798037A
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芮根华
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Abstract

The invention discloses a pollution-free high-yield cultivation method of summer soybeans. The method includes the steps that high-yield improved varieties are selected, enough base fertilizer is applied, organic fertilizer, standard phosphate fertilizer and standard nitrogen fertilizer are applied before sowing, weeds in fields are removed, and high-concentration nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is applied; the soybeans are sown during the period from the last ten-day period of May to the first ten-day period of June, wherein the sowing line spacing ranges from 28cm to 40cm, and the sowing depth ranges from 3cm to 4cm; closed weedicide is utilized to evenly spray the soybeans, strong seedlings are cultivated on the basis of full stand and even stand in the mid-to-late June, the operation of checking the seedlings and filling the gaps with the seedlings is immediately conducted after emergence of the seedlings, and the 15,000 to 18,000 seedlings are reserved per mu after thinning; two to three times of intertillage is conducted during the period from the first ten-day period of July to the middle ten-day period of July, urea dressing is conducted, watering is conducted to prevent drought, and spraying is conducted according to the insect pest situation; grain filling fertilizer is applied during the grain filling period from the early-to-mid August to the mid-to-late September; the soybeans are harvested in time during the period from the mid-to-late September to early October, and the grains are aired in time after being harvested and threshed, and the grains can be put in a storage and stored when the water content of the grains decreases to 13%. The method has the advantage that the yield per mu of the summer soybeans is more than 200 kilograms.

Description

The nuisanceless high-yield cultivating method of a kind of summer soybean
Technical field
The invention belongs to arviculture technical field, relate to the nuisanceless high-yield cultivating method of a kind of summer soybean.
Background technology
At riverine high sandy soil area plantation summer soybean, existing culture technique yields poorly, can not reach the yield index of 200 kilograms of per mu yields, now need the summer soybean cultivation of high yield, and meet non-polluted farm product standard, according to the riverine regional summer soybean condition of production and experimental study for many years, propose to supply with the 200 kilograms of technical indicators of summer soybean per mu yield as main contents such as index, warm light resources take kind, sowing time, group structure, structure of output, rich water.Detail realize the operational procedure of These parameters, contents norm understands, workable, for the producing region reference of riverine summer soybean.This operational procedure is with the form of cultivation mode, specifically at length introduce operating time, implementation content in the summer soybean different bearing stage, hit the target, there is advance, intuitive, practicality, operability, realize 200 kilograms every mu of summer soybean per unit area yields and above yield index in riverine high sandy soil area, completely possible, and by facts have proved for many years.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the nuisanceless high-yield cultivating method of a kind of summer soybean, solved the problem that existing summer soybean non-polluted cultivation yields poorly.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is to carry out according to following steps:
Step 1: select high yield fine, germination rate reaches more than 90%, moisture content more than 13%, purity be more than 96%;
Step 2: use sufficient base manure, before sowing, execute nitrogenous fertilizer 1500-2500 kg/acre, standard phosphate fertilizer 50-60 kg/acre, standard nitrogenous fertilizer 30-40 kg/acre, potassium chloride 5-10 kg/acre also will be executed in potassium deficiency plot;
Step 3: remove weeds in field, apply high-concentration compound N-P-K fertilizer 20-30 kg/acre;
Step 4: beginning sowing in good time, is that field capacity is sowed during at 70%-80% in late May-early June sowing, soil moisture content;
Step 5: even the broadcasting of essence amount: sowing line-spacing 28-40cm; Or employing wide-narrow row planting, sow wide row 50cm, narrow row 25cm; Sowing depth 3-4cm, after planting smooth earthing soil moisture conservation, evenly sprays with closed weed killer herbicide, prevents and treats weeds in seedling stage;
Step 6: Seedling Stage, on the basis of the even seedling of full stand, cultivate strong sprout, base portion first internode length is controlled between 0.5-1.5cm, soil moisture content is below 60% of field capacity, in time basement water or water, promptly looks into seedling and fills the gaps with seedlings after emerging, broadcast thinning in latter 8 days, broadcast final singling in latter 15 days, after thinning, stay seedling 1.5 ten thousand-1.8 ten thousand plant/acre;
Step 7: branching stage (axillary bud development of stem bottom become after the first branch in 20-25 days), carry out 2-3 intertillage, earth up, stop up root in conjunction with intertilling for the last time, and will prevent eliminating aphis, during branching stage, impose urea 5-7.5 kg/acre;
Step 8: bloom pod bearing period (first the flowers are in blossom spend rear 20-30 days in), water and take precautions against drought, soil moisture content is not less than the 75%-85% of field capacity, foliage-spray is phosphorous, the micro-fertilizer of potassium dihydrogen phosphate of potassium, boron, zinc, use " Belmark " according to insect pest situation in late July-late August, spray, last 1 spray date must finish at Grain Ripening for previous month,, spray and control with " buttocks worm ether " to the hatching Sheng phase in food heart adult peak period;
Step 9: drum grain phase (early and middle ten days-mid or late September in August), soil moisture content remains on the 70%-80% left and right of maxmun field capacity, should irrigate in time lower than this index, as ditch cleaning draining in time after heavy rain, heavy rain, mends and executes bulging granulated fertilizer;
Step 10: the maturing stage (mid or late September-10 month at the beginning of), should gather in the crops in time, summer soybean yellow maturity latter stage to complete ripeness initial stage results, after harvest-seed extraction, airing in time can be put storage in storage in the time that moisture content of kernels drops to 13%.
Technical characterstic of the present invention is also that the seed of selecting in step 1 is " No. four, Heihe ", " No. 2, southern agricultural university ", " Anhui beans 15 ", " closing beans No. 2 "; In step 2, fertilizer is containing full nitrogen 0.2%-0.3%; Step 3 middle and high concentration composite fertilizer is N-P-K content more than 48%, N, P 2o 5, K 2o content is 16%; In step 7, the anti-method of eliminating aphis is with 20 grams/acre of Belmark 15-25ml/ mu or 10% Imidacloprids; Growing way appearance index while results in step 10 is plant height 70-80cm, and stem internode number is 17-18 joint, plant type compactness, and branch is more, and many of pods are full, without damage by disease and insect, the thick non-lodging of stem stalk.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows that every mu of per unit area yield of summer soybean is more than 200 kilograms.
Embodiment
Core technology of the present invention is to select improved seeds, rational application of fertilizers, rational close planting and collective control.In concrete operations, to resolve base manure and the ratio of topdressing, control soil moisture content and the relation of the growth of cereal crop seedlings, effective control of coordinating disease pest and weed and the contradiction of nuisanceless standard.According to the riverine regional summer soybean condition of production and experimental study for many years, propose with kind, sowing time, group structure, structure of output; It is 200 kilograms of technical indicators of summer soybean per mu yield of main contents that rich water is supplied with index, warm light resources etc.The present invention is applicable to 200 kilograms of above high yield beans fields of summer soybean per unit area yield, riverine high sandy soil area.Step of the present invention is:
1, select breeding, select the seed that high yield, stable yields, high-quality, strong stress resistance, wide accommodation, Productive Potential are large, meet breed standard, after selected processing, sow.Select No. four, the Heihe of 100-105 days breeding time, No. 2, southern agricultural university, Anhui beans 15, close the breedings such as No. 2, beans; Before broadcasting, carry out germination test, germination rate reaches 90%; Seed moisture content 13%, purity 96%;
2, use sufficient base manure, rational application of fertilizers, organic fertilizer before sowing (containing purity nitrogen 0.2%-0.3%) 1500-2500 kg/acre, standard phosphate fertilizer 50-60 kg/acre, standard nitrogenous fertilizer 30-40 kg/acre, potassium chloride 5-10 kg/acre is executed in potassium deficiency plot;
3, remove weeds in field, stubble-cleaning, applies high-concentration compound N-P-K fertilizer (N, P in time 2o 5, K 2o content is 16%) 20-30 kg/acre;
4, begin sowing in good time, summer soybean date of seeding general control is in late May-early June.Early medium variety front sowing at the end of May, middle-late ripening variety sowing in-12 days on the 5th June.Summer soybean sowing is more early better.But to be that field capacity is sowed during at 70%-80% in soil moisture content, guarantee full stand, Qi Miaohe strong sprout; Conditional region preferably adopts rotovator in conjunction with applying fertilizer to the subsoil rotary tillage, also can sow by plate stubble;
5, even the broadcasting of essence amount, adopts precision point sowing, evenly sows with a drill or machine sowing, sowing line-spacing 28-40cm; Or wide-narrow row planting, wide row 50Cm, narrow row 25cm; Sowing depth 3-4cm, broadcasts rear smooth earthing soil moisture conservation, uses in time closed weed killer herbicide (all you or Jin Douer) evenly to spray, control weeds in seedling stage;
6, Seedling Stage (from emerging to occurring branch): on the basis of the even seedling of full stand, it is crucial cultivating the sturdy seedling of cane.Base portion first internode length is controlled between 0.5-1.5cm, as soil moisture content field capacity below 60% time, timely basement water or water, after emerging, promptly look into seedling and fill the gaps with seedlings; Broadcast thinning in latter 8 days, final singling in 15 days, stays seedling 1.5 ten thousand-1.8 ten thousand plant/acre after thinning, 1.6 ten thousand strains-2.0 ten thousand plant/acre of late sowing;
7, branching stage (when the axillary bud development of stem bottom becomes the first branch): intertill and clean tillage, short control is in conjunction with being key, in 20-25 days, to carry out 2-3 intertillage, root is earthed up, is stopped up in last combination intertillage, reduce the consumption of weeds to soil nutrient, can cut off soil capillary, soil moisture conservation is taked precautions against drought simultaneously, chesson promotes root system development, and has the effect of the prosperous length of control of being completely cured.Attention control beans stem maggot, aphid and two spotted spider mite etc., pull out diseased plant in conjunction with thinning, and anti-eliminating aphis early, prevents from passing poison, with Belmark 15-25ml/ mu, or 20 grams/acre of anti-eliminating aphis of 10% Imidacloprid, double beans bar fly and the foliar pest controlled.Spray and control purple spot, bacillary leaf blight and downy mildew with bordeaux mixture.Initial bloom stage is not sealed to capable field, can, in conjunction with raining or pouring water, impose urea 5-7.5 kg/acre.Meet the needs of branch and flower bud differentiation;
8, bloom pod bearing period (about 20-30 days after blooming for the first time): be nourish and grow go forward side by side with reproductive growth, soybean grows the most vigorous period in life, needs a large amount of nutrient and moisture.Watering takes precautions against drought in good time increases flower and protects pod, requires soil moisture content to be not less than the 75%-85% of field capacity, and foliage-spray is phosphorous, micro-fertile 0.5 thousand grams/acre of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of potassium, boron, zinc, now will prevent and treat greenish brown hawk moth, bridging worm, lima bean pod borer and heart-eating worm.Spray medicine in late July-late August with Belmark 15-25ml/ mu according to insect pest situation, last 1 spray date must finish at Grain Ripening for previous month; , control with 50 grams/acre of sprays of 3% buttocks worm ether to the hatching Sheng phase in food heart adult peak period;
9, drum grain phase (in mid-August-mid or late September, 35-40 days): fill with high yield water, main task is to adjust fertilizer with water, and foster root protects not early ageing of leaf.The rationally row of filling, drought resisting water drainage.Drum grain requires soil moisture content to remain on the 70%-80% left and right of maxmun field capacity early stage, should irrigate in time lower than this index, can not arrive after blade is wilted and just pour water.Ditch cleaning draining in time after heavy rain, heavy rain, prevents that soil aeration is bad, affects soybean normal growth and grows.It is to improve the effective measures that grain is heavy that benefit is executed bulging granulated fertilizer, generally executes urea 3-5 kg/acre, continues control greenish brown hawk moth, bridging worm etc., and protection blade face is few undermined;
10, the maturing stage (at the beginning of mid or late September-10 month): should gather in the crops in time, in summer soybean yellow maturity latter stage to complete ripeness initial stage results, now, and stem, all flavescence, seed hardening, seed and pod wall disengaging in pod, when shake, plant has jingle bell sound.After harvest-seed extraction, airing in time can be put storage in storage in the time that moisture content of kernels drops to 13%.Growing way appearance index when results: plant height 70-80cm, stem internode number is 17-18 joint, plant type compactness, branch is more, and many of pods are full, without damage by disease and insect, the thick non-lodging of stem stalk.
In riverine high sandy soil area, the summer soybean structure of output of producing according to this cultivation operational procedure: from 2004, to 2012 only, in the practice of continuous 9 years, we produce data: individual plant branch 3-4 at the survey of comprehensive each year, effectively 40 left and right of pod, seeds per pod 2.0-2.2, single-strain grain weight 16-18g, 100-grain weight 18-22g, every mu of strain is counted between 1.2-1.5 ten thousand (average 1.32 ten thousand plants/acre every mu), 224.1 kgs/acre of theoretical per unit area yields, and actual production is more than 206.7 kgs/acre.Select the medium sandy loam on the upper side of soil fertility or high sandy soil, soil and irrigation water meet national nuisanceless standard, the agricultural chemicals of chemical weed control and the extermination of disease and insect pest is all selected low toxicity and low residue agricultural chemicals or biopesticide, and the product of production meets national non-polluted farm product standard completely.
Illustrate below by embodiment:
The embodiment 1:2011 summer, 100 mu of summer soybean cultivation processes of ten thousand mu of high yield of soybean demonstration areas, Taixing City:
1. select the medium sandy loam on the upper side of soil fertility or high sandy soil, soil and irrigation water meet nuisanceless national standard, and the agricultural chemicals of chemical weed control and the extermination of disease and insect pest is all selected low toxicity and low residue agricultural chemicals or biopesticide.
2. front stubble is No. 13 wheats of peaceful wheat, 450 kgs/acre of per unit area yields.Soybean varieties is selected " Anhui beans 15 ", broadcasts front germination test: germination rate 92.5%, water content 13.37%, cleanliness 97.42%.Every mu of May 30 execute 1500 kgs/acre of organic commercial fertilizers, 50 kgs/acre, standard phosphate fertilizer, 30 kgs/acre, standard nitrogenous fertilizer, 48% 25 kilograms of nitrogen phosphorus potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, May 31 was ploughed stubble-cleaning with large sized tractor, and smooth field, and 4-5 day in June is sowed.
3. adopt the method for trench digging program request, sowing line-spacing 35cm, sowing depth 3cm, every mu of 16800 strains, after planting smooth earthing soil moisture conservation, every mu of use " Jin Douer " weeding Ji is watered 60 kilograms of evenly spray mists.
4.6 months 23 days stem base portion axillalry buds are starting branch estranged, the drought resisting of watering on June 28, and intertillage on July 3, hilling, weeding 1 time, intertillage on July 13, hilling, weeding 1 time, July 14 sprayed with Belmark 15-25ml/ mu.
Within 5.7 months 20 days, enter the pod bearing period of blooming.July 23,45 grams of every mu of use 15% paclobutrazols were controlled seedling to 30 kilograms of even spraying of water, July 28 with 30% " chlopyrifos " 250 grams to water 20 load control soil insect grubs.August 1,20 grams of 10% Imidacloprids added 20 milliliters of Belmarks to 60 kilograms of spraying control prodenia lituras of water.
Within 6.8 months 20 days, enter and rouse the grain phase, August 26 imposed 5 kgs/acre of conduct drum granulated fertilizer of urea in conjunction with filling with high yield water; Spray on every mu of September 4 200 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphates to 40 kilograms, water as top dressing.
7.9 months 28 days maturations, gather in the crops 30-October 2 September.Plant height 73cm when results, stem internode number is 17 joints.
This time plant 100 mu of high yield sides from being seeded into maturation, the 115 days time of infertility.Structure of output: every mu of paid strain number 1.3620 ten thousand strains, 41.67 of the effective pods of every strain, 2.08 of seeds per pods, 20.31 grams of 100-grain weights, 239.76 kgs/acre of average theory per unit area yields, 223.7 kgs/acre of actual productions.

Claims (6)

1. the nuisanceless high-yield cultivating method of summer soybean, is characterized in that carrying out according to following steps:
Step 1: select high yield fine, germination rate reaches more than 90%, moisture content more than 13%, purity be more than 96%;
Step 2: use sufficient base manure, before sowing, execute nitrogenous fertilizer 1500-2500 kg/acre, standard phosphate fertilizer 50-60 kg/acre, standard nitrogenous fertilizer 30-40 kg/acre, potassium chloride 5-10 kg/acre also will be executed in potassium deficiency plot;
Step 3: remove weeds in field, apply high-concentration compound N-P-K fertilizer 20-30 kg/acre;
Step 4: beginning sowing in good time, is that field capacity is sowed during at 70%-80% in late May-early June sowing, soil moisture content;
Step 5: even the broadcasting of essence amount: sowing line-spacing 28-40cm; Or employing wide-narrow row planting, sow wide row 50cm, narrow row 25cm; Sowing depth 3-4cm, after planting smooth earthing soil moisture conservation, evenly sprays with closed weed killer herbicide, prevents and treats weeds in seedling stage;
Step 6: Seedling Stage, on the basis of the even seedling of full stand, cultivate strong sprout, base portion first internode length is controlled between 0.5-1.5cm, soil moisture content is below 60% of field capacity, in time basement water or water, promptly looks into seedling and fills the gaps with seedlings after emerging, broadcast thinning in latter 8 days, broadcast final singling in latter 15 days, after thinning, stay seedling 1.5 ten thousand-1.8 ten thousand plant/acre;
Step 7: branching stage: will carry out 2-3 intertillage after the axillary bud development of stem bottom becomes the first branch in 20-25 days, last combination intertillage is earthed up, stops up root and will prevent eliminating aphis, and imposes during this time urea 5-7.5 kg/acre;
Step 8: bloom pod bearing period: after blooming for the first time in 20-30 days: water and take precautions against drought, require soil moisture content to be not less than the 75%-85% of field capacity; Foliage-spray is phosphorous, the micro-fertilizer of potassium dihydrogen phosphate of potassium, boron, zinc, spray with Belmark in late July-late August according to insect pest situation, last 1 spray date must finish in the previous moon of Grain Ripening,, sprayed and controlled with buttocks worm ether to the hatching Sheng phase in food heart adult peak period;
Step 9: drum grain phase: in early and middle ten days-mid or late September in August: require soil moisture content to remain on the 70%-80% left and right of maxmun field capacity, should irrigate in time lower than this index, as ditch cleaning draining in time after heavy rain, heavy rain, mend and execute bulging granulated fertilizer;
Step 10: the maturing stage, results in time at the beginning of mid or late September-10 month, summer soybean yellow maturity latter stage to complete ripeness initial stage results, after harvest-seed extraction, airing in time can be put storage in storage in the time that moisture content of kernels drops to 13%.
2. according to the nuisanceless high-yield cultivating method of a kind of summer soybean described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the seed of selecting in described step 1 is No. four, Heihe, No. 2, southern agricultural university, Anhui beans 15, closes beans No. 2.
3. according to the nuisanceless high-yield cultivating method of a kind of summer soybean described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 2, fertilizer is containing full nitrogen 0.2%-0.3%.
4. according to the nuisanceless high-yield cultivating method of a kind of summer soybean described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 3 middle and high concentration composite fertilizer is N-P-K content more than 48%, N, P 2o 5, K 2o content is 16%.
5. according to the nuisanceless high-yield cultivating method of a kind of summer soybean described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 7, the anti-method of eliminating aphis is with 20 grams/acre of Belmark 15-25ml/ mu or 10% Imidacloprids.
6. according to the nuisanceless high-yield cultivating method of a kind of summer soybean described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the growing way appearance index while results in described step 10 is plant height 70-80cm, stem internode number is 17-18 joint, plant type compactness, branch is more, and many of pods are full, without damage by disease and insect, the thick non-lodging of stem stalk.
CN201410052659.1A 2014-02-18 2014-02-18 Pollution-free high-yield cultivation method of summer soybeans Pending CN103798037A (en)

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CN104115641A (en) * 2014-06-27 2014-10-29 和县海豪蔬菜种植有限责任公司 Method for cultivating green soy beans through greenhouse in early spring
CN104255246A (en) * 2014-09-15 2015-01-07 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 Cultivation method for improving eating quality of vegetable soybeans
CN104429569A (en) * 2014-12-26 2015-03-25 狄正兴 Earthing, drought resisting and seedling conserving cultivation method for planting soybeans on spring kidney bean stubbles
CN104429570A (en) * 2014-12-26 2015-03-25 狄正兴 Earthing, draught-resisting seedling-protecting cultivation method for autumn planting green harvesting Lake Taihu green soybeans
CN104429568A (en) * 2014-12-26 2015-03-25 狄正兴 Earthing drought-resistant seedling-protecting cultivation method for planting soybeans in filed with watermelon crops
CN104429573A (en) * 2014-12-26 2015-03-25 狄正兴 Earthing, drought resisting and seedling conserving cultivation method for planting corn on spring watermelon crop
CN106973683A (en) * 2017-04-18 2017-07-25 孙克举 A kind of implantation methods of high yielding soybeans
CN109287421A (en) * 2018-09-17 2019-02-01 钱敬乐 A kind of implantation methods based on three elements balance
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CN115136861A (en) * 2022-07-22 2022-10-04 新疆农业科学院农作物品种资源研究所 High-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for Xinjiang summer-sowing soybeans

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104115641A (en) * 2014-06-27 2014-10-29 和县海豪蔬菜种植有限责任公司 Method for cultivating green soy beans through greenhouse in early spring
CN104255246A (en) * 2014-09-15 2015-01-07 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 Cultivation method for improving eating quality of vegetable soybeans
CN104429569A (en) * 2014-12-26 2015-03-25 狄正兴 Earthing, drought resisting and seedling conserving cultivation method for planting soybeans on spring kidney bean stubbles
CN104429570A (en) * 2014-12-26 2015-03-25 狄正兴 Earthing, draught-resisting seedling-protecting cultivation method for autumn planting green harvesting Lake Taihu green soybeans
CN104429568A (en) * 2014-12-26 2015-03-25 狄正兴 Earthing drought-resistant seedling-protecting cultivation method for planting soybeans in filed with watermelon crops
CN104429573A (en) * 2014-12-26 2015-03-25 狄正兴 Earthing, drought resisting and seedling conserving cultivation method for planting corn on spring watermelon crop
CN106973683A (en) * 2017-04-18 2017-07-25 孙克举 A kind of implantation methods of high yielding soybeans
CN109287421A (en) * 2018-09-17 2019-02-01 钱敬乐 A kind of implantation methods based on three elements balance
CN109601312A (en) * 2019-01-29 2019-04-12 呼伦贝尔市农业科学研究所(呼伦贝尔市马铃薯大豆专业研究所) It is a kind of the north greenhouse in Southern soybean high power expand numerous cultural method
CN111466270A (en) * 2020-04-10 2020-07-31 郑州博翔科技有限公司 Accurate regulation and control method for soybeans
CN115136861A (en) * 2022-07-22 2022-10-04 新疆农业科学院农作物品种资源研究所 High-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for Xinjiang summer-sowing soybeans
CN115136861B (en) * 2022-07-22 2023-09-08 新疆农业科学院农作物品种资源研究所 Xinjiang summer sowing soybean high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method

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Application publication date: 20140521