CN104620920B - A kind of greenhouse production method efficient, sustainable and fruit tree potting media - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of greenhouse production method efficient, sustainable and fruit tree potting media, realize in the following ways: mid or late March selects the fruit variety that chilling requirement is little, the mode using substrate to cultivate outside greenhouse carries out the cultivation of greenhouse preliminary seedling；Mid-April to mid-October carries out conventional plants vegetable production in greenhouse；Preliminary seedling at temperature outdoor cultivation is moved into greenhouse and cultivates by mid-October, until Second Year mid-April, after picking fruit, preliminary seedling removes greenhouse and carries out Routine Management.The present invention innovates cultivation mode and uses spring stubble to carry out conventional plants vegetable production, and winter stubble carries out the method for protected fruit trees production, makes soil in protected field be had holidays by turns, it is achieved utilizing of facility maximizes, achieves economic benefit and the sustainable development of soil in protected field ecology.

Description

A kind of greenhouse production method efficient, sustainable and fruit tree potting media

Technical field

The present invention relates to greenhouse culture technique field, be specially a kind of greenhouse production method efficient, sustainable and fruit tree basin Plant substrate.

Background technology

China facility cultivation crop mainly has vegetable, fruit tree, the next one greenhouse of normal conditions the most long-term, for many years Plantation same fruit tree or vegetable, cause continuous cropping disease very serious, mainly show themselves in that disease, insect pest, soil-borne disease very Seriously.For the disease of this large amount of generations of prevention and control, orchard worker, the production dynamics of vegetable grower are to use chemical fertilizer, pesticide in a large number, thus lead Cause production process and be extremely difficult to the production requirement of safety food.Some areas are due to long-term planting vegetable or fruit tree, due to dish Economic interests are chased using in a large number so that chemical fertilizer by agriculture, orchard worker, and in causing facility, Soil structure is seriously damaged, these Area can not carry out furnished equipments again.

China's tradition cultivates the mode having crop rotation in theory, also has the practice of crop rotation during current furnished equipments, But they are crop rotation between solanaceous vegetables and base of leaf class vegetable mostly.Because the economic benefit of facility solanaceous vegetables is bright Aobvious higher than facility base of leaf class vegetable, so being typically now to plant 1 year after the solanaceous vegetables having planted the time the most longer for 2-3 Base of leaf class vegetable, this mode can alleviate continuous cropping disease to a certain extent.But two kinds of crops are required for big loose water, institute The most serious with the structural deterioration the biggest, soil of the amount of application of chemical fertilizer.

The external major way solving continuous cropping obstacle is to have holidays by turns.Have holidays by turns is exactly that plot is cultivated after 10-20 the most no longer Cultivate, allow soil natural repair 10-20 or longer time.Soil under this mode has obtained sufficient recuperation, institute The best with Soil structure.But the fundamental realities of the country that I has a large population and a few land, has blocked the possibility having holidays by turns in the soil of let us.

Owing to fruit tree is perennial plant, what protected fruit trees produced is usually the many annual earnings of field planting.Protected fruit trees is raw Produce general 1 year and can only gather in the crops once.Having the most of the time under existing cultivation mode is to prepare for protected fruit trees production , so that the utilization rate in greenhouse is low.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is directed to above weak point, it is provided that a kind of greenhouse production method efficient, sustainable, the present invention innovates cultivation Training pattern uses spring stubble to carry out conventional plants vegetable production, and winter stubble carries out the method for protected fruit trees production, makes soil in protected field obtain Have holidays by turns, it is achieved utilizing of facility maximizes, achieves economic benefit and the sustainable development of soil in protected field ecology.

The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of greenhouse production method efficient, sustainable, adopts By fruit tree and vegetable crop rotation, mid or late March selects the fruit variety that chilling requirement is little, and the mode using substrate to cultivate outside greenhouse is entered The cultivation of row greenhouse preliminary seedling；Mid-April to mid-October carries out conventional plants vegetable production in greenhouse；Mid-October will be The preliminary seedling of temperature outdoor cultivation moves into greenhouse and cultivates, until Second Year mid-April, after picking fruit, by preliminary seedling Removal greenhouse carries out Routine Management.

After fruit tree preliminary seedling moves into greenhouse, between the row and row of fruit tree, plant grass planting, and remove greenhouse at fruit tree preliminary seedling After, grass meal is broken, plough deeply the pulse family grass seeds such as arable land, grass seed selection alfalfa.

Outside greenhouse, the breeding method of fruit tree preliminary seedling is as follows: mid or late March selects the little kind of chilling requirement: dawn, spring be prompt, May sunlight, Kate, the gold sun etc., the ratio of pollinated variety and the cultivar high quality seedling higher than 1:3, use bore 30cm, degree of depth 30cm, the cultivation matrix prepared, as cultivating container, is loaded in cultivating container by the non-woven bag of volume 20L, Pour water heavy real；It is stained with the mud containing antibacterial and root-growing agent, described mud after the immersion high-quality thick root in strong sprout of 24 hours is cut new stubble Slurry formula is: 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+root-inducing powder+antibacterial+water+soil, is then colonizated in non-woven fabrics planting bag, so Rear fixed dry, heading height is 30～50cm, and fills permeable, finally cultivating container soil is played shallow ridge and covers and covering with plastic film；Will The container of planting stock is uniformly positioned over the relatively thin place that maybe can not carry out cultivating of soil layer；

Erase in time after rudiment stock sprout tillers, when young sprout length is to 15-20 centimetre, start concentration of 7 days foliage-sprays Be 0.3% carbamide and blade face photosynthetic micro-fertilizer such as usury reach；Being in fashion, every first quarter moon every is executed a 25g carbamide and waters permeable, until 6 Till the end of month；When young sprout length is to 20-25 centimetre, timely pinching inspires branch.July, early and middle ten days began every first quarter moon foliage-spray once Concentration 0.3% Borax, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and photosynthetic leaf surface trace fertilizer such as usury reach；It is in fashion, till early October；Monthly Execute a fruit-specific fertilizer such as bright moon alga fertilizer, mu consumption 50 kilograms, even Shi Sanci；It is special that JIUYUE early and middle ten days every strain tree uses fruit tree Mix with fertile 5 kilograms such as bright moon alga fertilizer, Borax 8 grams, calcium superphosphate 0.6 kilogram etc. and uniformly apply, water permeable after fertilising immediately. 300 times of paclobutrazols of beginning early July foliage-spray or 150 times of PBO, control is long promotees flower, sprays number of times depending on peach tree tree vigo(u)r, typically sprays Execute 1-3 time.

One planting fruit-trees potting media, the composition of described substrate is slag, high-quality of becoming thoroughly decomposed farm manure and garden mould, between each composition Proportioning be: slag: high-quality of becoming thoroughly decomposed fertilizer: garden mould=2:1:3；Above-mentioned slag be in pyrometallurgical processes generate with oxidation Thing is main melt；It is one of iron and steel, ferroalloy and the important products of process such as nonferrous heavy metal smelting and refine.Main one-tenth Dividing is CaO, FeO, MgO, MnO (basic anhydride) etc., SiO2, P2O5, Fe2O3 (acidic oxide) etc. and Al2O3 (both sexes oxygen Compound)；Additionally, often contain sulfide, as electrodes with slags after steel smelting contains a small amount of CaS, Smelting furnace for heavy nonferrous metal slag has Shi Hanyou more FeS, Cu2S or Ni3S2 etc.；Slag is also carried secretly a small amount of metal；Indivedual strong reducing property slags contain CaC2.On State the high-quality farm manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed to refer to through more than 6 months bank up, become thoroughly decomposed, ferment and the content of organic matter farm manure more than 30%. Above-mentioned garden mould refers to the cultivation management experienced for many years, soil constituent, and structure comparison is stable and suitably carries out the soil planted.

1, preliminary seedling of the present invention is cultivated the screening of fruit tree potting media formula used

Test and carry out at Shandong Agricultural University's fruit tree experiment centre in 2000～calendar year 2001, with annual dawn Prunus persicanucipersica Schneider (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. Var.nectarina (Ait) Maxim., stock is Qingzhou winter snows honey peach) is Examination material.Matrix formulations is as follows: (1) T1, the peat composed of rotten mosses: high-quality of becoming thoroughly decomposed farm manure: garden mould=2: 1: 3；(2) T2, charring rice husk: become thoroughly decomposed excellent Matter farm manure: garden mould=2: 1: 3；(3) T3, slag: high-quality of becoming thoroughly decomposed farm manure: garden mould=2: 1: 3；(4) T4, become thoroughly decomposed straw: becomes thoroughly decomposed High-quality farm manure: garden mould=2: 1: 3；(5) T5, gravel: high-quality of becoming thoroughly decomposed farm manure: garden mould=2: 1: 3；(6) T6, Vermiculitum: become thoroughly decomposed excellent Matter farm manure: garden mould=2: 1: 3；(7) CK, high-quality of becoming thoroughly decomposed farm manure: garden mould=1: 3, as comparison.

As it can be seen from table 1 the peach tree plant of each formulation media becomes flower-shaped condition and percentage of fertile fruit and fruit yield and fruit product Matter difference is bigger.Wherein the one-tenth spray ratio of formula T1, T3, bud sum, often joint flower bud number and percentage of fertile fruit in 7 formula Height, is significantly higher than CK, and significant level reaches P ＜ 0.01；And the These parameters of formula T2 is below comparison, it it is effect in all formula Worst.Same single plant yield is also that formula T1 and T3 is the highest, is significantly higher than comparison, but difference is little between the two, formula T2 Minimum with T4 single plant yield, it is substantially less than comparison, and both are minimum with T2.Mean fruit weight is the heaviest with formula T1 and T3, aobvious Writing higher than comparison, next to that formula T4, formula T5 and T6 is inconspicuous with contrast difference, and formula T2 is minimum, is substantially less than comparison, reaches P ＜ 0.01 significant level.Soluble solid content is that formula T1 and T3 is the highest equally, is significantly higher than comparison, reaches P ＜ 0.05 and shows Work level, next to that formula T4, T5 and T6, they slightly above comparisons, formula T2 is minimum, is the 78% of comparison.To sum up, peach tree Become flower-shaped condition, plant yield and fruit quality T1 and the T3 formulation media effect all with the interpolation peat composed of rotten mosses, slag best, it is possible to achieve Early high-yield；And its one-tenth of plant adding the T2 formulation media of charring rice husk spends effect and plant yield minimum, the most right According to, this may be chronically at higher water content with root system, and aeration condition difference is relevant.

Table 1 different formulations substrate is on 2 years raw peach tree Cheng Huayu yield and the impact of fruit quality

2, preliminary seedling cultivates the screening of cultivating container

Test and carried out in 2001～2002, with annual dawn Prunus persicanucipersica Schneider (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. Var.nectarina (Ait) Maxim., stock is Qingzhou winter snows honey peach) for trying material.Cultivating container is respectively as follows: T1 mud watt Basin, T2 nylon braided bag, T3 non-woven bag, containers size is bore 30cm, deep 30cm, using conventional Root growth as comparison. Cultivation matrix is to test through 2000～calendar year 2001 to show to have the formulation media slag of promotional value: high-quality of becoming thoroughly decomposed farm manure: Garden mould=2: 1: 3, for ease of management by the soil shallow embedding of each container ridging.

From table 2 it can be seen that each container culturing peach tree plant becomes flower-shaped condition and percentage of fertile fruit and fruit yield and fruit quality Difference is bigger.Non-woven bag T3 becomes spray ratio, bud sum, often joint flower bud number and percentage of fertile fruit with mud earthen basin T1 cultivating plants The highest, it is significantly higher than comparison conventional cultivation, significant level reaches P ＜ 0.01, and wherein mud earthen basin T1 cultivating plants These parameters is the highest In non-woven bag T3 cultivating plants；Nylon braided bag T2 cultivating plants difference compared with the control is little, and These parameters is slightly higher In comparison conventional cultivation.Single plant yield and mean fruit weight are then that non-woven bag T3 cultivating plants is the highest, for the 171.9% of comparison With 121.1%；Nylon braided bag T2 plant is placed in the middle, for the 104.55% and 102% of comparison；Mud earthen basin T1 cultivating plants is minimum, only For comparison 35.95% and 74.15%.Soluble solid content be then non-woven bag T3 and mud earthen basin T1 cultivating plants the highest, Difference of them is little, is significantly better than comparison；Nylon braided bag T2 cultivating plants is with to compare difference little.

The different cultivating container of table 2 is on 2 years raw peach tree Cheng Huayu yield and the impact of fruit quality

Process

Become spray ratio (%)

Total flower bud number

Often save flower bud number

Percentage of fertile fruit

(kg) is produced in strain

Mean fruit weight (g)

Soluble solid (%)

T1

92.5Aa

383.5A

1.83A

68.2Aa

0.87A

80.3Aa

10.8a

T2

55.6Bb

196.2Ba

0.68Ba

44.7Ba

2.53Ba

110.5Ba

9.6b

T3

89.8Aa

462.4C

1.02C

63.9Ab

4.16C

121.4Bb

11.3c

CK

53.09Bb

180.7Ba

0.56Ab

42.8Ba

2.42Ba

108.3AbBc

9.8b

3, preliminary seedling performance in facility

Test and carried out at Shandong Agricultural University's fruit tree experiment centre in 2003～2004, with annual dawn Prunus persicanucipersica Schneider (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. Var.nectarina (Ait) Maxim., stock is Qingzhou winter snows honey peach) is Examination material.Choose robust growth and neat and consistent and the annual high quality seedling without pest and disease damage, be colonizated on March 20th, 2003 Bore 30cm, deep 30cm non-woven bag in, 30 strains of planting altogether, tree-plot, repeat 30 times, cultivation matrix is slag: high-quality Farm manure: garden mould=2:1:3.After measure for promoting blossom, round type plastic sheeting was encircleed in preliminary seedling immigration in 15 in December in 2003 Then heliogreenhouse is detained canopy and carries out production management in facility, be right with Root growth (cultivation matrix is as garden mould) conventional in facility According to.

In peach tree facility cultivation, button canopy early stage usually rises slow due to ground temperature, and it is fast that the temperature rises, causes temperature and ground temperature Inharmonious, " flower after first bud " phenomenon occurs, hence it is evident that affect fruit-setting rate and fruit development.Compared with comparison conventional plants cultivation, make Can significantly improve the soil moisture, particularly button canopy early stage with the cultivation of non-woven fabrics planting bag, at upper soll layer 15cm, ground temperature is than comparison Mean height 2.2 DEG C (Fig. 2).During whole button canopy, non-woven fabrics planting bag soil 15cm temperature is above compareing conventional cultivation.

The raising of the soil moisture promotes the activity of root system, is conducive to tree body to absorb nutrient early and synthetic cell divides Split the phytohormone such as element and some important biological active substanceies, bear fruit for blooming and the nutrient of abundance is provided, so that the florescence carries Before, efficiently solve Fructus Persicae facility cultivation florescence delayed problem.Non-woven fabrics planting bag cultivation matrix temperature raises very fast one side It is that the soil physics shape particularly thermal characteristics of formulation media significantly improves compared with soil, is on the other hand due to container culturing Increase the contact area of soil and air.

With compared with more solito Root growth, non-woven fabrics planting bag is to the full-bloom stage of facility cultivation Fructus Persicae, florescent, Dan Hua All there are considerable influence (table 3) in florescence and period of maturation, but have no significant effect the leaf bud phase of coming unsewn.

The peach tree of outdoor cultivation typically blooms more Zao than germinateing, and the peach tree of conventional plants cultivation typically blooms more stagnant than germinateing After, this phenomenon normally referred to as " flower after first bud ".Non-woven fabrics planting bag cultivation peach tree bloom ratio germinate Zao 3 days, be prevented effectively from " flower after first bud " phenomenon, alleviates leaf bud and the pressure of bud competition stored nutrient, and rhythm of anthesis is neat, overall florescence Length substantially shortens, but single flower florescent extends, thus adds the chance of peach tree Pollination Fertilization, establishes for improving fruit-setting rate Basis.

Non-woven fabrics planting bag cultivation its fruit maturation phase of peach tree is than comparison about 7d in advance, and maturation ratio is more consistent, just In gathering.

Table 3 preliminary seedling facility cultivation and the comparison in difference in conventional ridging facility cultivation peach tree phenological period

Process	Full-bloom stage	Leaf bud comes unsewn the phase	Florescence	The singly florescence	Period of maturation
						Preliminary seedling	January 8 A	January 11 a	10A	6a	April 5 A
Comparison CK	January 16 B	January 12 a	15B	4b	April 13 B

4, simple planting facility vegetable, protected fruit trees and Economic and Efficiency Analysis of the present invention

Facilities vegetable, the economic benefit of protected fruit trees of production normal in the range of our province is entered with the economic benefit of the present invention Row is added up, arranges, is analyzed.

Table 4: facilities vegetable, fruit tree and Economic and Efficiency Analysis of the present invention after high yield

Type	Put into (unit/mu)	Yield of vegetables (kg)	Vegetable price (unit/kg)	Output of the fruit tree (kg)	Fruit tree price (unit/kg)	Output (unit/mu)	Net income (unit/mu)	Input-output ratio (%)
									Facilities vegetable	14000	7000	4	0	0	28000	14000	100
Protected fruit trees	4000	0	0	3000	14	42000	38000	10.5
									The present invention	12000	5000	2	3000	16	58000	46000	26.1

Can be shown that simple planting facility vegetable puts into by every mu by table one data is 14000 yuan, and output is 28000 yuan, Net income is 14000 yuan, and the ratio of input and output is 100%；The input on simple every mu of ground of planting facility fruit tree is 4000 yuan, produces Going out is 38000 yuan, and input and output ratio is 10.5%；The present invention puts into relative to simple middle facilities vegetable and decreases 2000 yuan, produces Go out and add 32000 yuan；Put into than simple species protected fruit trees and increase by 8000 yuan, put into and add 8000 yuan.So imitating from economy From the point of view of in benefit, this patent compensate for the shortcoming that the profit of simple planting facility vegetable is relatively low, substantially maintains the profit of protected fruit trees Profit, dramatically increases relative to the output of simple protected fruit trees, facilities vegetable land area of one unit.

Choose three greenhouses carry out respectively the mode of production of facilities vegetable, protected fruit trees and the inventive method, continuous ten years The input add up, arrange, analyzed under these three method, output, net profit.

Table 5: continuous ten years facilities vegetables, fruit tree and present invention input, output, profit analysis

By table two can be seen that simple planting facility vegetable due to continuous cropping obstacle, annual input all increase, the most often Year output income all reducing, net income is all reducing, until the 9th year owing to damage of successive crop is too serious, economic benefit is the lowest, Vegetable grower has abandoned plot, this place and has produced.Simple protected fruit trees produce the annual input of the first seven years, income, net income all than More stable, along with the growth of the fruit tree age of tree, annual input is also increasing, is taking in and also reducing, and net income is reducing.About facility Fruit tree analyze premise be select kind in these 10 years, have obvious advantage.Fruit according to one furnished equipments of statistics Tree kind has time of preferable production performance and is generally 5-10.If market occurs that character is substantially better than selected kind Words, the benefit of the production of protected fruit trees also can be remarkably decreased, and can face serious continuous cropping risk.And the production of the present invention This input in 10 years of method, income, net income are the most more stable, typically can obtain the income of more than 45000 yuan/mu.If set If executing the kind appearance renewal of fruit tree, the present invention can quickly realize Cultivar replacing, will not face damage of successive crop, Bu Huiying Ring economic benefit.

Accompanying drawing explanation

It it is production technology flow chart of the present invention shown in Fig. 1；

It is facility cultivation non-woven fabrics planting bag and conventional Root growth 15cm soil temperature comparison in difference shown in Fig. 2.

Detailed description of the invention

Embodiment 1

A kind of greenhouse production method efficient, sustainable, includes following steps:

(1) cultivation of facility Fructus Persicae preliminary seedling.This step is that the 3rd step cultivates material.

Mid or late March selects the high-quality Seedling that ratio is 1:3 of the kind dawn that chilling requirement is little, pollinated variety and cultivar Wood, nursery stock requires that sprout is full, branch is sturdy, root system is complete and flourishing.Use bore 30cm, degree of depth 30cm(volume about 20L) Non-woven bag as cultivating container.Use with slag, high-quality of becoming thoroughly decomposed farm manure and garden mould as raw material, according to slag: become thoroughly decomposed excellent Matter fertilizer: the cultivation matrix of garden mould=2:1:3 mixed preparing.

Cultivation matrix is complete standby according to said ratio preparation, then the cultivation matrix prepared is loaded cultivation and hold Device, pours water heavy real.It is stained with the mud (mud containing antibacterial and root-growing agent after the immersion high-quality thick root in strong sprout of 24 hours is cut new stubble Formula: 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+root-inducing powder+antibacterial+water+soil), it is colonizated in cultivating container, the most surely does, fixed dry It is highly 30～50cm, and fills permeable, finally cultivating container soil is played shallow ridge and cover and covering with plastic film.By the container of planting stock Uniformly it is positioned over the relatively thin place that maybe can not carry out cultivating of soil layer.

Erase in time after rudiment stock sprout tillers.When young sprout length is to 15-20 centimetre, concentration of 7 days foliage-sprays is The carbamide of 0.3% and blade face photosynthetic micro-fertilizer such as usury reaches；Being in fashion, every first quarter moon every is executed a 25g carbamide and waters permeable, until June At at the end；When young sprout length is to 20-25 centimetre, timely pinching inspires branch.Early and middle ten days in July beginning every first quarter moon foliage-spray is the denseest Spend 0.3% Borax, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and photosynthetic leaf surface trace fertilizer such as usury to reach；It is in fashion, till early October；Monthly execute Fruit-specific fertilizer such as bright moon alga fertilizer, mu consumption 50 kilograms, even Shi Sanci；It is special that JIUYUE early and middle ten days every strain tree uses fruit tree Fertile 5 kilograms such as bright moon alga fertilizer, Borax 8 grams, calcium superphosphate 0.6 kilogram etc. mix and uniformly apply, and water permeable after fertilising immediately.7 Begin in month the first tenday period of a month 300 times of paclobutrazols of foliage-spray or 150 times of PBO, and control is long promotees flower, sprays number of times depending on peach tree tree vigo(u)r, typically sprays Execute 1 time.

(2) conventional plants vegetable produces.This step is the production of support facility vegetable.

Carry out the vegetable production in green house of routine from April 10 to mid-October, the mode of production of facilities vegetable is entered routinely Row produces.

(3) preliminary seedling is transplanted to greenhouse.This step and second step carry out changing crops and produce.

Mid-October vegetable production in green house complete after organic fertilizer 2500kg/ mu, plough deeply, whole.Will mid-October Preliminary seedling moves into heliogreenhouse, puts according to seeding row spacing 0.6 ~ 1 meter × 1.2 ~ 1.5 meters, and ridging is by cultivating container soil Shallow embedding.

(4) grass is in the ranks planted.This step provides material for the 7th step.

Preliminary seedling is transplanted to greenhouse, plants grass in the ranks, and grass seeds uses: the pulse family grass seeds such as alfalfa.

(5) covering film, rises low temperature.This step is that the 6th step is prepared.

Before button canopy 20～30 days soil water permeable after, covering with plastic film on ridge.

(6) conventional plants production of fruit trees.This step is support facility production of fruit trees.

Button canopy carries out conventional plants cultivation of fruit tree management after fruit picking mid-April from mid-December.

(7) transplant seedlings out canopy, pulverize green manure, plough deeply wholely.This step is that second step is prepared.

After preliminary seedling being removed greenhouse after fruit picking, carry out outdoor Fructus Persicae daily management.Alfalfa green manure is pulverized, ploughs deeply whole Ground.Start conventional plants vegetable to produce.

Embodiment 2

A kind of greenhouse production method efficient, sustainable, includes following steps:

(1) cultivation of facility Fructus Pruni preliminary seedling.This step is that the 3rd step cultivates material.

Mid or late March selects the high-quality Seedling that ratio is 1:3 of the kind Kate that chilling requirement is little, pollinated variety and cultivar Wood, nursery stock requires that sprout is full, branch is sturdy, root system is complete and flourishing.Use bore 30cm, degree of depth 30cm(volume about 20L) Non-woven bag as cultivating container.Use with slag, high-quality of becoming thoroughly decomposed farm manure and garden mould as raw material, according to slag: become thoroughly decomposed excellent Matter fertilizer: the cultivation matrix of garden mould=2:1:3 mixed preparing.

Cultivation matrix is complete standby according to said ratio preparation, then the cultivation matrix prepared is loaded cultivation and hold Device, pours water heavy real.It is stained with the mud (mud containing antibacterial and root-growing agent after the immersion high-quality thick root in strong sprout of 24 hours is cut new stubble Formula: 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+root-inducing powder+antibacterial+water+soil), it is colonizated in cultivating container, the most surely does, fixed dry It is highly 30～50cm, and fills permeable, finally cultivating container soil is played shallow ridge and cover and covering with plastic film.By the container of planting stock Uniformly it is positioned over the relatively thin place that maybe can not carry out cultivating of soil layer.

Erase in time after rudiment stock sprout tillers.When young sprout length is to 15-20 centimetre, concentration of 7 days foliage-sprays is The carbamide of 0.3% and blade face photosynthetic micro-fertilizer such as usury reaches；Being in fashion, the every strain of every first quarter moon is executed a 25g carbamide and waters permeable, until June At at the end；When young sprout length is to 20-25 centimetre, timely pinching inspires branch.Early and middle ten days in July beginning every first quarter moon foliage-spray is the denseest Spend 0.3% Borax, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and photosynthetic leaf surface trace fertilizer such as usury to reach；It is in fashion, till early October；Monthly execute Fruit-specific fertilizer such as bright moon alga fertilizer, mu consumption 50 kilograms, even Shi Sanci；It is special that JIUYUE early and middle ten days every strain tree uses fruit tree Fertile 5 kilograms such as bright moon alga fertilizer, Borax 8 grams, calcium superphosphate 0.6 kilogram etc. mix and uniformly apply, and water permeable after fertilising immediately.7 Begin in month the first tenday period of a month 300 times of paclobutrazols of foliage-spray or 150 times of PBO, and control is long promotees flower, sprays number of times depending on peach tree tree vigo(u)r, typically sprays Execute 3 times.

(2) conventional plants vegetable produces.This step is the production of support facility vegetable.

Carry out the vegetable production in green house of routine from April 10 to mid-October, the mode of production of facilities vegetable is entered routinely Row produces.

(3) preliminary seedling is transplanted to greenhouse.This step and second step carry out changing crops and produce.

Mid-October vegetable production in green house complete after organic fertilizer 2500kg/ mu, plough deeply, whole.Will mid-October Preliminary seedling moves into heliogreenhouse, puts according to seeding row spacing 0.6 ~ 1 meter × 1.2 ~ 1.5 meters, and ridging is by cultivating container soil Shallow embedding.

(4) grass is in the ranks planted.This step provides material for the 7th step.

Preliminary seedling is transplanted to greenhouse, plants grass in the ranks, and grass seeds uses: the pulse family grass seeds such as alfalfa.

(5) covering film, rises low temperature.This step is that the 6th step is prepared.

Before button canopy 20～30 days soil water permeable after, covering with plastic film on ridge.

(6) conventional plants production of fruit trees.This step is support facility production of fruit trees.

Button canopy carries out conventional plants cultivation of fruit tree management after fruit picking mid-April from mid-December.

(7) transplant seedlings out canopy, pulverize green manure, plough deeply wholely.This step is that second step is prepared.

After preliminary seedling being removed greenhouse after fruit picking, carry out outdoor Fructus Persicae, Fructus Pruni daily management.Alfalfa green manure is pulverized, deeply Turn over wholely.Start conventional plants vegetable to produce.

Certainly, described above is not limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is also not limited to the example above, and this technology is led Change that the technical staff in territory is made in the essential scope of the present invention, retrofit, add or replace, also should belong to the present invention's Protection domain.

Claims (3)

1. a greenhouse production method efficient, sustainable, uses fruit tree and vegetable crop rotation, it is characterised in that: mid or late March selects The fruit variety that chilling requirement is little, the mode using substrate to cultivate outside greenhouse carries out the cultivation of fruit tree preliminary seedling；Fruit tree outside greenhouse The breeding method of preliminary seedling is as follows: mid or late March selects the kind that chilling requirement is little, the pollinated variety of configuration and the ratio of cultivar The example high quality seedling higher than 1:3, uses bore 30cm, and degree of depth 30cm, the non-woven bag of volume 20L, as cultivating container, will be joined The fruit tree potting media made loads in cultivating container, pours water heavy real；After the immersion high-quality thick root in strong sprout of 24 hours is cut new stubble Being stained with the mud containing antibacterial Yu root-growing agent, be then colonizated in cultivating container, the most surely do, heading height is 30～50cm, And fill permeable, finally cultivating container soil is played shallow ridge and cover and covering with plastic film；Cultivating container is uniformly positioned over soil layer relatively thin Maybe can not carry out the place cultivated；Erase in time after rudiment stock sprout tillers, when young sprout length is to 15-20 centimetre, start every 7 days leaves Face sprays the photosynthetic micro-fertilizer of 0.3% carbamide and blade face, and every first quarter moon combines to water every executes 25g carbamide, until by the end of June；When When young sprout length is to 20-25 centimetre, timely pinching inspires branch；July early and middle ten days begin 0.3% Borax of every first quarter moon foliage-spray and The photosynthetic micro-fertilizer of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and blade face, till early October；Monthly combine to water and execute fruit-specific fertilizer, mu consumption 50 kilograms, even Shi Sanci；JIUYUE early and middle ten days every strain tree uses fruit-specific fertilizer 5 kilograms, Borax 8 grams, calcium superphosphate 0.6 kilogram are mixed Mix and uniformly apply, water permeable after fertilising immediately；300 times of paclobutrazols of beginning early July foliage-spray or 150 times of PBO, control is long promotees flower, Spray number of times depending on fruit tree tree vigo(u)r, spray 1-3 time；Mid-April to mid-October carries out conventional plants vegetables in greenhouse Dish produces；Fruit tree preliminary seedling at temperature outdoor cultivation is moved into greenhouse and cultivates by mid-October, until Second Year mid-April, After picking fruit, fruit tree preliminary seedling removal greenhouse is carried out Routine Management.

A kind of greenhouse the most according to claim 1 production method efficient, sustainable, it is characterised in that: fruit tree preliminary seedling moves After entering greenhouse, between the row and row of fruit tree, plant grass planting, and behind fruit tree preliminary seedling removal greenhouse, grass meal is broken, plough deeply arable land, Grass seed selection pulse family grass seeds alfalfa.

A kind of greenhouse the most according to claim 1 production method efficient, sustainable, it is characterised in that: described fruit tree is potted plant The composition of substrate is slag, high-quality of becoming thoroughly decomposed farm manure and garden mould, and the proportioning between each composition is: slag: high-quality of becoming thoroughly decomposed farm manure: Garden mould=2:1:3.