CN103843603B - The method of hot red pepper and aquatic vegetable Control By Crop Rotation continuous cropping obstacle - Google Patents
The method of hot red pepper and aquatic vegetable Control By Crop Rotation continuous cropping obstacle Download PDFInfo
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- CN103843603B CN103843603B CN201410088496.2A CN201410088496A CN103843603B CN 103843603 B CN103843603 B CN 103843603B CN 201410088496 A CN201410088496 A CN 201410088496A CN 103843603 B CN103843603 B CN 103843603B
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Abstract
The invention discloses the method for hot red pepper and aquatic vegetable Control By Crop Rotation continuous cropping obstacle, spring is done sth. in advance to plant aquatic vegetable after hot red pepper plantation is gathered, aquatic vegetable is planted the autumn after gathering and is delayed hot red pepper, autumn is delayed after hot red pepper is gathered and does sth. in advance hot red pepper in the plantation spring, spring do sth. in advance hot red pepper gather terminate after plant aquatic vegetable again, circulate by this alternating method.The generation of the inventive method prevention hot red pepper continuous cropping obstacle, reduces the use of agricultural chemicals, reduces the production cost of booth hot red pepper, can increase again the availability in booth soil, increase the economic benefit of booth.
Description
Technical field
the present invention relates to a kind of method of hot red pepper and aquatic vegetable Control By Crop Rotation continuous cropping obstacle, be specifically related to that the booth spring does sth. in advance hot red pepper, the autumn delays hot red pepper and the rotation cropping technology of aquatic vegetable.
Background technology
huaian hot red pepper is large, scarlet, taste is micro-peppery, very large at national market sales volume for many years, and the dark welcome by consumers in general.Obtain the title such as " the Chinese geography mark certification mark ", " Jiangsu Province's famous agricultural product brand ", " Huai'an name brand ", " the public brand in 2011 consumer favorite China's Agricultural region ".As cradle and the main producing region of Huaian hot red pepper; Qingpu District is as far back as the beginning of the eighties in last century; just take the facility Greenhouse hot red pepper of " three film two curtains " (mulch film, shed film, horticultural covering film, shed curtain, booth curtain); the brand that the beginning of the nineties in last century just have registered " yellow code hot red pepper ", product sells well all over the country major cities.2009, this district's facilities vegetable cultivated area 10.6 ten thousand mu, wherein had the area of 80% to plant capsicum.The a collection of plantation expert grown up in Qingpu District from production practices, also go to other counties (district) to contract plantation hot red pepper, demonstration whole city hot red pepper industry is fast-developing.At present, be that the long-term facilityization plantation in the Huai'an hot red pepper area of core space reaches 400,000 mu with Qingpu District, become the leading industry that Peasant Income of Huaian is got rich.
Due to booth hot red pepper remarkable in economical benefits, all have plantation throughout the country, and cultivated area presents the trend of increase.But, because quantity of cultivated land is limited, soil, the restriction of the conditions such as weather and the pursuit to high-yield and high-efficiency, it is comparatively general that the continuous cropping of booth hot red pepper makes soil be difficult to obtain the phenomenon of crop rotation, in addition industrial pollution, fertilizer application is improper, the soil salinization etc., hot red pepper continuous cropping obstacle may occur thereupon, the germination of hot red pepper seed, the water suction of root system is inhaled fertilizer and all can not normally be carried out, usually occur that vine growth and development is bad, as seedling withers, rotten, growing point is grown abnormal and newborn branches and leaves and can not be extended, multiple diseases occurs simultaneously, hot red pepper yield and quality is caused to decline, whole booth can be caused when continuous cropping obstacle disease is serious to have no harvest, have a strong impact on the sustainable development that hot red pepper produces, therefore hot red pepper Soil-sickness Problem is urgently to be resolved hurrily.
Although application pesticide control has certain effect, there is impact to ecotope, and increase the production cost of hot red pepper.Utilize rice field-upland field rotation not only can prevent the generation of hot red pepper continuous cropping obstacle but also the availability of booth can be improved and increase economic benefit, but nobody propose detailed alternating method.
Summary of the invention
the object of the invention is: a kind of method that hot red pepper and aquatic vegetable Control By Crop Rotation continuous cropping obstacle are provided, the generation of the method prevention hot red pepper continuous cropping obstacle, reduces the use of agricultural chemicals, reduces the production cost of booth hot red pepper, the availability in booth soil can be improved again, increase the economic benefit of booth.
Technical solution of the present invention is that the method is carried out according to the following step:
(1) annual late November to early December carries out the spring and does sth. in advance hot red pepper seeding and seedling raising, and late January in next year, to early Febuary field planting, carries out field management according to " three film two curtains " culture technique, starts April to gather, end of gathering June;
(2), after capsicum is gathered and terminates, horticultural covering film, Small plastic shed, Small plastic shed canopy film, straw screen or mat, mulch film and hot red pepper stubble in time in cleaning booth, plough soil, the ridge of high 25cm, wide 10cm is built in booth surrounding, steady and sure ridge, June plants aquatic vegetable, and September, aquatic vegetable was gathered end;
(3), after aquatic vegetable is gathered and terminated, transplant planting is planted the autumn and is delayed hot red pepper; Mid-July with matrix, cave dish seeding and seedling raising, September, transplant planting, started to gather in early October, and next year to be gathered end February;
(4) autumn delay hot red pepper gather terminate after, plantation the spring do sth. in advance hot red pepper, end of gathering June;
(5) spring in June do sth. in advance hot red pepper gather terminate after, according to step (2) plantation aquatic vegetable; Circulate according to above-mentioned alternating method later.
Wherein, described aquatic vegetable refers to water spinach, Water dropwort.
Wherein, in described step (1), the spring does sth. in advance hot red pepper employing matrix, point disk seedling growing, every 667m
2with hot red pepper seed 60-80g, row is selected to supply water nursery in booth easily.
Wherein, carry out the clear stubble in field in late January in next year before field planting in described step (1), plough soil, every 667m
2execute fertilizer that 3000kg becomes thoroughly decomposed, quality 45% Dasanyuan composite fertilizer 50kg, superphosphate 50kg make base manure, rotary tillage, do canopy, furrow are done in whole field, furrow face width 80cm, furrow height 15cm, furrow furrow width 30cm, furrow face is opened a shallow ridges, ditch depth 5cm, enough wide 10cm, field planting first 7 days herbicide sprayings, lid mulch film; In field planting first 3 days, hot red pepper seedling sprayed potassium dihydrogen phosphate and carbendazim, and in fine day 10:00 in the morning to 14:00 field planting in afternoon, plantation density is 4500-5000 strains/667m
2.
Wherein, do sth. in advance after hot red pepper gathers and terminate in the spring, in time the horticultural covering film of cleaning booth, Small plastic shed, Small plastic shed canopy film, straw screen or mat, mulch film and hot red pepper stubble, plough soil, every 667m
2execute decomposed manure 1000kg ~ 2000kg, ash 100kg, fertilizer and soil fully harrow even after, plot is divided into the furrow of high 5cm, wide 100cm, furrow face is smooth soft, furrow face soil particle is tiny does not have large clod, stay the aisle of wide 30cm between furrow and furrow, in greenhouse by solar heat, surrounding erects high 25cm, the water-impervious of compacting of wide 10cm encloses the ridge, in case the water in field exosmoses; Wherein Water dropwort seedling is cut into the long stem section of 20cm, and the spacing 3cm of stem and stem, is layered on furrow face side by side, covers stem section and water to make furrow face moistening with fine earth; The first nursery of water spinach, play seedlings band soil when height of seedling 15-20cm and transplant, seeding row spacing 10cm × 20cm, waters after field planting terminates.
Wherein, in described step (2), the Shading net covering of Water dropwort growing period light transmittance 75% is prevented and treated Water dropwort fibrillatable and blooms on booth steelframe, and water spinach growing period does not need covered with sunshade net.
Wherein, in described step (2), the water source of pouring aquatic vegetable is the water in irrigation canals and ditches river course, keeps 5cm high at aquatic vegetable growing period furrow face water layer.
Wherein, described step (2) water spinach, Water dropwort field planting carry out first time and gather after 40 days, toothing 5cm is high, gathers every about 25 days later.
Wherein, Water dropwort and water spinach are often gathered once in described step (2), after Water dropwort and water spinach are gathered 2-3 days, every 667m
2spread fertilizer over the fields two ammonium 15kg, and water promote Water dropwort, water spinach growth, water layer can not flood the toothing of Water dropwort, water spinach.
Wherein, carry out last water spinach or Water dropwort is gathered in early September, gather after terminating and get rid of water consumpation, plough airing soil, every 667m
2execute fertilizer that 3000kg becomes thoroughly decomposed, quality 45% Dasanyuan composite fertilizer 50kg, superphosphate 50kg make base manure, rotary tillage, do canopy, furrow are done in whole field, and furrow face width 80cm, furrow height 15cm, furrow furrow width 30cm, furrow face is opened a shallow ridges, ditch depth 5cm, enough wide 10cm, field planting first 7 days herbicide sprayings, lid mulch film, the preparation field planting autumn delays hot red pepper.
Wherein, delay hot red pepper described step (3) mid-autumn and adopt matrix, point disk seedling growing, every 667m
2with hot red pepper seed 60-80g, after selecting fine day 3:00 in afternoon in early September or the cloudy day carry out the autumn and delay hot red pepper field planting, plantation density is 4500-5000 strains/667m
2, supply water row and carry out in booth easily, nursery covers straw screen or mat moisturizing and on booth, adds a cover sunshade net shades.
Wherein, after delaying hot red pepper field planting described step (3) mid-autumn, under the weather condition that temperature is high, on booth, add a cover sunshade net noon and lower the temperature, use " three film two curtains " to be incubated in the winter time.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following obvious advantage:
One, the present invention utilize the method for hot red pepper and aquatic vegetable crop rotation to prevent hot red pepper continuous cropping obstacle generation, reduce the use of agricultural chemicals, reduce the production cost of hot red pepper, the output of hot red pepper can be increased again and improve the quality of hot red pepper.
Two, the present invention utilizes the method for hot red pepper and aquatic vegetable crop rotation to prevent plastic shed soil acidifying, wash away the harmful substance (secondary substance and salinity) in plastic shed soil, increase the quantity of beneficial bacterium in plastic shed soil, improvement plastic shed soil, promotes the sustainable development of industrialized agriculture.
Three, the present invention utilizes the method for hot red pepper and aquatic vegetable crop rotation to improve the availability of booth, multiple one batch of aquatic vegetable, increases the economic benefit of booth.
Four, the present invention has good environmental benefit and economic benefit, if do not carry out hot red pepper and aquatic vegetable crop rotation, hot red pepper generation continuous cropping obstacle, makes the hot red pepper underproduction 20%, makes the hot red pepper underproduction 80% time serious; Carry out hot red pepper and aquatic vegetable crop rotation, every 667m
2spring is done sth. in advance hot red pepper and can obtain economic benefit more than 10000 yuan, every 667m
2water spinach can obtain economic benefit more than 6000 yuan, every 667m
2water dropwort can obtain economic benefit more than 7000 yuan, every 667m
2autumn is delayed hot red pepper and can obtain economic benefit more than 20000 yuan.
Five, the present invention utilizes hot red pepper and aquatic vegetable crop rotation both to prevent the generation of hot red pepper continuous cropping obstacle, reduces the use of agricultural chemicals, reduces the production cost of hot red pepper, can improve soil again, promotes the sustainable development of industrialized agriculture.
Embodiment
Further illustrate technical solution of the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment, these embodiments can not be interpreted as it is restriction to technical scheme.
embodiment 1:the booth spring does sth. in advance hot red pepper, the autumn delays hot red pepper and the crop rotation of water spinach
Step is as follows:
(1) spring does sth. in advance hot red pepper in late November to early December, and employing matrix, cave dish carry out hot red pepper nursery, buy hot red pepper seed, every 667m according to field planting area
2with hot red pepper seed 60g, seedling culture hole plate is placed on row and supplies water and carry out nursery in booth easily, adds a cover mulch film and builds Small plastic shed;
(2) carry out the clear stubble in field in late January in next year, plough soil, every 667m
2execute fertilizer that 3000kg becomes thoroughly decomposed, 45% Dasanyuan composite fertilizer 50kg, superphosphate 50kg make base manure, rotary tillage, do canopy, furrow are done in whole field, and furrow face width 80cm, furrow height 15cm, furrow furrow width 30cm, furrow face is opened a shallow ridges, ditch depth 5cm, enough wide 10cm, field planting first 7 days herbicide sprayings, lid mulch film;
(3) in field planting first 3 days, hot red pepper seedling sprayed potassium dihydrogen phosphate and carbendazim, and in fine day 10:00 in the morning to 14:00 field planting in afternoon, plantation density is 4500 strains/667m
2, field planting irrigates seedbed water in first 1 day, ensures that root system is complete during field planting, after seedling is implanted planting pit, pats mulch film, irrigate normal root water in time with soil pressure is real; Build Small plastic shed in time after field planting, add a cover straw screen or mat insulation, do sth. in advance hot red pepper Routine Management technology by the spring later and carry out management and gather;
(4) do sth. in advance after hot red pepper gathers and terminate in the spring, in time the horticultural covering film of cleaning booth, Small plastic shed, Small plastic shed canopy film, straw screen or mat, mulch film and hot red pepper stubble, plough soil, every 667m
2execute decomposed manure 1000kg, ash 100kg, fertilizer and soil fully harrow even after, plot is divided into the furrow of high 5cm, wide 100cm, furrow face is smooth soft, furrow face soil particle is tiny does not have large clod, stay the aisle of wide 30cm between furrow and furrow, in greenhouse by solar heat, surrounding erects high 25cm, the water-impervious of compacting of wide 10cm encloses the ridge, in case the water in field exosmoses;
(5) spring do sth. in advance hot red pepper results after terminate just to adopt wholely broadcast sowing or bar broadcast mode directly sow vernalization process after water spinach seed or directly dry kind broadcast sowing, every 667m
2sowing quantity 7kg, broadcasts sowing thick about the lcm of rear covering fine earth, and the dark shallow ridges of 1 2cm is drawn in drilling on furrow face, and seed, apart from 20cm, spreads fertilizer over the fields in ditch, then covers fine earth, trickle, carry out field normal management after emerging by ditch equably; Or play seedlings band soil when height of seedling 15cm and transplant, line-spacing 20cm, spacing in the rows 10cm, every cave 1 strain, transplant after terminating and water sufficient field planting water;
(6) when after alive of water spinach, keep furrow face water layer 5cm high, other control measures routinely technology are carried out; Water spinach field planting 40 days, suitably reduce water level, root stubble about the 5cm that stays near the ground gathers in, and binding is sold; Received once every about 25 days later;
(7) water spinach is often gathered once, in gathering latter 2 days, and every 667m
2spread fertilizer over the fields two ammonium 15kg, and promotion water spinach growth of watering, water layer can not flood the toothing of water spinach;
(8) carry out last water spinach in early September to gather, gather after terminating and get rid of water consumpation, plough airing soil, every 667m
2execute fertilizer that 3000kg becomes thoroughly decomposed, 45% Dasanyuan composite fertilizer 50kg, superphosphate 50kg make base manure, rotary tillage, do canopy, furrow are done in whole field, and furrow face width 80cm, furrow height 15cm, furrow furrow width 30cm, furrow face is opened a shallow ridges, ditch depth 5cm, enough wide 10cm, field planting first 7 days herbicide sprayings, lid mulch film, the preparation field planting autumn delays hot red pepper;
(9) autumn delay hot red pepper nursery generally in the middle ten days in July select to supply water row adopt matrix easily in booth, cave dish carries out, every 667m
2with hot red pepper seed 60g, after planting cover straw screen or mat moisturizing and on booth, add a cover sunshade net and to shade cooling;
(10) after selecting fine day 3:00 in afternoon in early September or the cloudy day carry out the autumn and delay hot red pepper field planting, plantation density is 4500 strains/667m
2, field planting irrigates seedbed water in first 1 day, ensures that root system is complete during field planting, after seedling is implanted planting pit, pat mulch film with soil pressure is real, irrigate normal root water in time, cover in time horticultural covering film after field planting rainproof, add a cover sunshade net and to shade cooling, delay hot red pepper Routine Management technology by the autumn later and carry out management and gather;
(11) autumn is delayed after hot red pepper gathers and terminate, clear garden, whole, and the plantation spring does sth. in advance hot red pepper; Circulate according to above-mentioned alternating method later.
embodiment 2:the booth spring does sth. in advance hot red pepper, the autumn delays hot red pepper and the crop rotation of water spinach
Step is as follows:
(1) spring does sth. in advance hot red pepper in late November to early December, and employing matrix, cave dish carry out hot red pepper nursery, buy hot red pepper seed, every 667m according to field planting area
2with hot red pepper seed 70g, seedling culture hole plate is placed on row and supplies water and carry out nursery in booth easily, adds a cover mulch film and builds Small plastic shed;
(2) carry out the clear stubble in field in late January in next year, plough soil, every 667m
2execute fertilizer that 3000kg becomes thoroughly decomposed, 45% Dasanyuan composite fertilizer 50kg, superphosphate 50kg make base manure, rotary tillage, do canopy, furrow are done in whole field, and furrow face width 80cm, furrow height 15cm, furrow furrow width 30cm, furrow face is opened a shallow ridges, ditch depth 5cm, enough wide 10cm, field planting first 7 days herbicide sprayings, lid mulch film;
(3) in field planting first 3 days, hot red pepper seedling sprayed potassium dihydrogen phosphate and carbendazim, and in fine day 10:00 in the morning to 14:00 field planting in afternoon, plantation density is 4750 strains/667m
2, field planting irrigates seedbed water in first 1 day, ensures that root system is complete during field planting, after seedling is implanted planting pit, pats mulch film, irrigate normal root water in time with soil pressure is real; Build Small plastic shed in time after field planting, add a cover straw screen or mat insulation, do sth. in advance hot red pepper Routine Management technology by the spring later and carry out management and gather;
(4) do sth. in advance after hot red pepper gathers and terminate in the spring, in time the horticultural covering film of cleaning booth, Small plastic shed, Small plastic shed canopy film, straw screen or mat, mulch film and hot red pepper stubble, plough soil, every 667m
2execute decomposed manure 1500kg, ash 100kg, fertilizer and soil fully harrow even after, plot is divided into the furrow of high 5cm, wide 100cm, furrow face is smooth soft, furrow face soil particle is tiny does not have large clod, stay the aisle of wide 30cm between furrow and furrow, in greenhouse by solar heat, surrounding erects high 25cm, the water-impervious of compacting of wide 10cm encloses the ridge, in case the water in field exosmoses;
(5) spring do sth. in advance hot red pepper results after terminate just to adopt wholely broadcast sowing or bar broadcast mode directly sow vernalization process after water spinach seed or directly dry kind broadcast sowing, every 667m
2sowing quantity 7.5kg, broadcasts sowing thick about the lcm of rear covering fine earth, and the dark shallow ridges of 1 2.5cm is drawn in drilling on furrow face, and seed, apart from 20cm, spreads fertilizer over the fields in ditch, then covers fine earth, trickle, carry out field normal management after emerging by ditch equably; Or play seedlings band soil when height of seedling 18cm and transplant, line-spacing 20cm, spacing in the rows 10cm, every cave 2 strain, transplant after terminating and water sufficient field planting water;
(6) when after alive of water spinach, keep furrow face water layer 5cm high, other control measures routinely technology are carried out; Water spinach field planting 40 days, suitably reduce water level, root stubble about the 5cm that stays near the ground gathers in, and binding is sold; Received once every about 25 days later;
(7) water spinach is often gathered once, in gathering latter 3 days, and every 667m
2spread fertilizer over the fields two ammonium 15kg, and promotion water spinach growth of watering, water layer can not flood the toothing of water spinach;
(8) carry out last water spinach in early September to gather, gather after terminating and get rid of water consumpation, plough airing soil, every 667m
2execute fertilizer that 3000kg becomes thoroughly decomposed, 45% Dasanyuan composite fertilizer 50kg, superphosphate 50kg make base manure, rotary tillage, do canopy, furrow are done in whole field, and furrow face width 80cm, furrow height 15cm, furrow furrow width 30cm, furrow face is opened a shallow ridges, ditch depth 5cm, enough wide 10cm, field planting first 7 days herbicide sprayings, lid mulch film, the preparation field planting autumn delays hot red pepper;
(9) autumn delay hot red pepper nursery generally in the middle ten days in July select to supply water row adopt matrix easily in booth, cave dish carries out, every 667m
2with hot red pepper seed 70g, after planting cover straw screen or mat moisturizing and on booth, add a cover sunshade net and to shade cooling;
(10) after selecting fine day 3:00 in afternoon in early September or the cloudy day carry out the autumn and delay hot red pepper field planting, plantation density is 4750 strains/667m
2, field planting irrigates seedbed water in first 1 day, ensures that root system is complete during field planting, after seedling is implanted planting pit, pat mulch film with soil pressure is real, irrigate normal root water in time, cover in time horticultural covering film after field planting rainproof, add a cover sunshade net and to shade cooling, delay hot red pepper Routine Management technology by the autumn later and carry out management and gather;
(11) autumn is delayed after hot red pepper gathers and terminate, clear garden, whole, and the plantation spring does sth. in advance hot red pepper; Circulate according to above-mentioned alternating method later.
embodiment 3:the booth spring does sth. in advance hot red pepper, the autumn delays hot red pepper and the crop rotation of water spinach
Step is as follows:
(1) spring does sth. in advance hot red pepper in late November to early December, and employing matrix, cave dish carry out hot red pepper nursery, buy hot red pepper seed, every 667m according to field planting area
2with hot red pepper seed 80g, seedling culture hole plate is placed on row and supplies water and carry out nursery in booth easily, adds a cover mulch film and builds Small plastic shed;
(2) carry out the clear stubble in field in late January in next year, plough soil, every 667m
2execute fertilizer that 3000kg becomes thoroughly decomposed, 45% Dasanyuan composite fertilizer 50kg, superphosphate 50kg make base manure, rotary tillage, do canopy, furrow are done in whole field, and furrow face width 80cm, furrow height 15cm, furrow furrow width 30cm, furrow face is opened a shallow ridges, ditch depth 5cm, enough wide 10cm, field planting first 7 days herbicide sprayings, lid mulch film;
(3) in field planting first 3 days, hot red pepper seedling sprayed potassium dihydrogen phosphate and carbendazim, and in fine day 10:00 in the morning to 14:00 field planting in afternoon, plantation density is 5000 strains/667m
2, field planting irrigates seedbed water in first 1 day, ensures that root system is complete during field planting, after seedling is implanted planting pit, pats mulch film, irrigate normal root water in time with soil pressure is real; Build Small plastic shed in time after field planting, add a cover straw screen or mat insulation, do sth. in advance hot red pepper Routine Management technology by the spring later and carry out management and gather;
(4) do sth. in advance after hot red pepper gathers and terminate in the spring, in time the horticultural covering film of cleaning booth, Small plastic shed, Small plastic shed canopy film, straw screen or mat, mulch film and hot red pepper stubble, plough soil, every 667m
2execute decomposed manure 2000kg, ash 100kg, fertilizer and soil fully harrow even after, plot is divided into the furrow of high 5cm, wide 100cm, furrow face is smooth soft, furrow face soil particle is tiny does not have large clod, stay the aisle of wide 30cm between furrow and furrow, in greenhouse by solar heat, surrounding erects high 25cm, the water-impervious of compacting of wide 10cm encloses the ridge, in case the water in field exosmoses;
(5) spring do sth. in advance hot red pepper results after terminate just to adopt wholely broadcast sowing or bar broadcast mode directly sow vernalization process after water spinach seed or directly dry kind broadcast sowing, every 667m
2sowing quantity 8kg, broadcasts sowing thick about the lcm of rear covering fine earth, and the dark shallow ridges of 1 3cm is drawn in drilling on furrow face, and seed, apart from 20cm, spreads fertilizer over the fields in ditch, then covers fine earth, trickle, carry out field normal management after emerging by ditch equably; Or play seedlings band soil when height of seedling 20cm and transplant, line-spacing 20cm, spacing in the rows 10cm, every cave 1 strain, transplant after terminating and water sufficient field planting water;
(6) when after alive of water spinach, keep furrow face water layer 5cm high, other control measures routinely technology are carried out; Water spinach field planting 40 days, suitably reduce water level, root stubble about the 5cm that stays near the ground gathers in, and binding is sold; Received once every about 25 days later;
(7) water spinach is often gathered once, in gathering latter 2 days, and every 667m
2spread fertilizer over the fields two ammonium 15kg, and promotion water spinach growth of watering, water layer can not flood the toothing of water spinach;
(8) carry out last water spinach in early September to gather, gather after terminating and get rid of water consumpation, plough airing soil, every 667m
2execute fertilizer that 3000kg becomes thoroughly decomposed, 45% Dasanyuan composite fertilizer 50kg, superphosphate 50kg make base manure, rotary tillage, do canopy, furrow are done in whole field, and furrow face width 80cm, furrow height 15cm, furrow furrow width 30cm, furrow face is opened a shallow ridges, ditch depth 5cm, enough wide 10cm, field planting first 7 days herbicide sprayings, lid mulch film, the preparation field planting autumn delays hot red pepper;
(9) autumn delay hot red pepper nursery generally in the middle ten days in July select to supply water row adopt matrix easily in booth, cave dish carries out, every 667m
2with hot red pepper seed 80g, after planting cover straw screen or mat moisturizing and on booth, add a cover sunshade net and to shade cooling;
(10) after selecting fine day 3:00 in afternoon in early September or the cloudy day carry out the autumn and delay hot red pepper field planting, plantation density is 5000 strains/667m
2, field planting irrigates seedbed water in first 1 day, ensures that root system is complete during field planting, after seedling is implanted planting pit, pat mulch film with soil pressure is real, irrigate normal root water in time, cover in time horticultural covering film after field planting rainproof, add a cover sunshade net and to shade cooling, delay hot red pepper Routine Management technology by the autumn later and carry out management and gather;
(11) autumn is delayed after hot red pepper gathers and terminate, clear garden, whole, and the plantation spring does sth. in advance hot red pepper; Circulate according to above-mentioned alternating method later.
embodiment 4:the booth spring does sth. in advance hot red pepper, the autumn delays hot red pepper and the crop rotation step of Water dropwort is as follows:
(1) plant the spring according to embodiment a kind and do sth. in advance hot red pepper;
(2) do sth. in advance after hot red pepper gathers and terminate in the spring, in time the horticultural covering film of cleaning booth, Small plastic shed, Small plastic shed canopy film, straw screen or mat, mulch film and hot red pepper stubble, plough soil, every 667m
2execute decomposed manure 1000kg, ash 100kg, fertilizer and soil fully harrow even after, plot is divided into the furrow of high 5cm, wide 100cm, furrow face is smooth soft, furrow face soil particle is tiny does not have large clod, stay the aisle of wide 30cm between furrow and furrow, in greenhouse by solar heat, surrounding erects high 25cm, the water-impervious of compacting of wide 10cm encloses the ridge;
(3) Water dropwort seedling is cut into the long stem section of 20cm, and the spacing 3cm of stem and stem, is layered on furrow face side by side, covers stem section and water to make furrow face moistening with fine earth;
(4) after Water dropwort germinates, keep furrow face moistening; As Water dropwort more than height of seedling 5cm, furrow face keeps the water layer that 5cm is high;
(5) Water dropwort field planting 40 days, suitably reduce water level, the root stubble 5cm that stays near the ground gathers in, and binding is sold, and receives once every about 25 days later;
(7) Water dropwort is often gathered once, in gathering latter 2 days, and every 667m
2spread fertilizer over the fields two ammonium 15kg, and promotion Water dropwort growth of watering, water layer can not flood the toothing of Water dropwort;
(8) carry out last Water dropwort in early September to gather, gather after terminating and get rid of water consumpation, plough airing soil, every 667m
2execute fertilizer that 3000kg becomes thoroughly decomposed, 45% Dasanyuan composite fertilizer 50kg, superphosphate 50kg make base manure, rotary tillage, do canopy, furrow are done in whole field, and furrow face width 80cm, furrow height 15cm, furrow furrow width 30cm, furrow face is opened a shallow ridges, ditch depth 5cm, enough wide 10cm, field planting first 7 days herbicide sprayings, lid mulch film, the preparation field planting autumn delays hot red pepper;
(9) autumn is delayed hot red pepper plantation with gathering and plants step according to embodiment a kind and carry out;
(10) autumn is delayed after hot red pepper gathers and terminate, clear garden, whole, and the plantation spring does sth. in advance hot red pepper; Circulate according to above-mentioned alternating method later.
embodiment 5:the booth spring does sth. in advance hot red pepper, the autumn delays hot red pepper and the crop rotation step of Water dropwort is as follows:
(1) plant the spring according to embodiment a kind and do sth. in advance hot red pepper;
(2) do sth. in advance after hot red pepper gathers and terminate in the spring, in time the horticultural covering film of cleaning booth, Small plastic shed, Small plastic shed canopy film, straw screen or mat, mulch film and hot red pepper stubble, plough soil, every 667m
2execute decomposed manure 1500kg, ash 100kg, fertilizer and soil fully harrow even after, plot is divided into the furrow of high 5cm, wide 100cm, furrow face is smooth soft, furrow face soil particle is tiny does not have large clod, stay the aisle of wide 30cm between furrow and furrow, in greenhouse by solar heat, surrounding erects high 25cm, the water-impervious of compacting of wide 10cm encloses the ridge;
(3) Water dropwort seedling is cut into the long stem section of 20cm, and the spacing 3cm of stem and stem, is layered on furrow face side by side, covers stem section and water to make furrow face moistening with fine earth;
(4) after Water dropwort germinates, keep furrow face moistening; As Water dropwort more than height of seedling 5cm, furrow face keeps the water layer that 5cm is high;
(5) Water dropwort field planting 40 days, suitably reduce water level, the root stubble 5cm that stays near the ground gathers in, and binding is sold, and receives once every about 25 days later;
(7) Water dropwort is often gathered once, in gathering latter 3 days, and every 667m
2spread fertilizer over the fields two ammonium 15kg, and promotion Water dropwort growth of watering, water layer can not flood the toothing of Water dropwort;
(8) carry out last Water dropwort in early September to gather, gather after terminating and get rid of water consumpation, plough airing soil, every 667m
2execute fertilizer that 3000kg becomes thoroughly decomposed, 50kg 45% Dasanyuan composite fertilizer, 50kg superphosphate makes base manure, rotary tillage, do canopy, furrow are done in whole field, and furrow face width 80cm, furrow height 15cm, furrow furrow width 30cm, furrow face is opened a shallow ridges, ditch depth 5cm, enough wide 10cm, field planting first 7 days herbicide sprayings, lid mulch film, the preparation field planting autumn delays hot red pepper;
(9) autumn is delayed hot red pepper plantation with gathering and plants step according to embodiment a kind and carry out;
(10) autumn is delayed after hot red pepper gathers and terminate, clear garden, whole, and the plantation spring does sth. in advance hot red pepper; Circulate according to above-mentioned alternating method later.
embodiment 6:the booth spring does sth. in advance hot red pepper, the autumn delays hot red pepper and the crop rotation step of Water dropwort is as follows:
(1) plant the spring according to embodiment a kind and do sth. in advance hot red pepper;
(2) do sth. in advance after hot red pepper gathers and terminate in the spring, in time the horticultural covering film of cleaning booth, Small plastic shed, Small plastic shed canopy film, straw screen or mat, mulch film and hot red pepper stubble, plough soil, every 667m
2execute decomposed manure 2000kg, ash 100kg, fertilizer and soil fully harrow even after, plot is divided into the furrow of high 5cm, wide 100cm, furrow face is smooth soft, furrow face soil particle is tiny does not have large clod, stay the aisle of wide 30cm between furrow and furrow, in greenhouse by solar heat, surrounding erects high 25cm, the water-impervious of compacting of wide 10cm encloses the ridge;
(3) Water dropwort seedling is cut into the long stem section of 20cm, and the spacing 3cm of stem and stem, is layered on furrow face side by side, covers stem section and water to make furrow face moistening with fine earth;
(4) after Water dropwort germinates, keep furrow face moistening; As Water dropwort more than height of seedling 5cm, furrow face keeps the water layer that 5cm is high;
(5) Water dropwort field planting 40 days, suitably reduce water level, the root stubble 5cm that stays near the ground gathers in, and binding is sold, and receives once every about 25 days later;
(7) Water dropwort is often gathered once, in gathering latter 2 days, and every 667m
2spread fertilizer over the fields two ammonium 15kg, and promotion Water dropwort growth of watering, water layer can not flood the toothing of Water dropwort;
(8) carry out last Water dropwort in early September to gather, gather after terminating and get rid of water consumpation, plough airing soil, every 667m
2execute fertilizer that 3000kg becomes thoroughly decomposed, 50kg 45% Dasanyuan composite fertilizer, 50kg superphosphate makes base manure, rotary tillage, do canopy, furrow are done in whole field, and furrow face width 80cm, furrow height 15cm, furrow furrow width 30cm, furrow face is opened a shallow ridges, ditch depth 5cm, enough wide 10cm, field planting first 7 days herbicide sprayings, lid mulch film, the preparation field planting autumn delays hot red pepper;
(9) autumn is delayed hot red pepper plantation with gathering and plants step according to embodiment a kind and carry out;
(10) autumn is delayed after hot red pepper gathers and terminate, clear garden, whole, and the plantation spring does sth. in advance hot red pepper; Circulate according to above-mentioned alternating method later.
Claims (9)
1. the method for hot red pepper and aquatic vegetable Control By Crop Rotation continuous cropping obstacle, spring is done sth. in advance to plant aquatic vegetable after hot red pepper plantation is gathered, aquatic vegetable is planted the autumn after gathering and is delayed hot red pepper, autumn is delayed and plants the spring again after hot red pepper is gathered and do sth. in advance hot red pepper, spring do sth. in advance hot red pepper gather terminate after plant aquatic vegetable again, circulate by this alternating method; Described aquatic vegetable refers to water spinach, Water dropwort; It is characterized in that the method is carried out according to the following step:
(1) annual late November to early December carries out the spring and does sth. in advance hot red pepper seeding and seedling raising, and late January in next year, to early Febuary field planting, carries out field management according to " three film two curtains " culture technique, starts April to gather, end of gathering June;
(2), after hot red pepper is gathered and terminates, horticultural covering film, Small plastic shed, Small plastic shed canopy film, straw screen or mat, mulch film and hot red pepper stubble in time in cleaning booth, plough soil, the ridge of high 25cm, wide 10cm is built in booth surrounding, steady and sure ridge, June plants aquatic vegetable, and September, aquatic vegetable was gathered end;
(3), after aquatic vegetable is gathered and terminated, the transplant planting autumn delays hot red pepper; Mid-July with matrix, cave dish seeding and seedling raising, September, transplant planting, started to gather in early October, and next year to be gathered end February;
(4) autumn delay hot red pepper gather terminate after, plantation the spring do sth. in advance hot red pepper, end of gathering June;
(5) spring in June do sth. in advance hot red pepper gather terminate after, according to step (2) plantation aquatic vegetable; Circulate according to above-mentioned alternating method later.
2. the method for hot red pepper according to claim 1 and aquatic vegetable Control By Crop Rotation continuous cropping obstacle, is characterized in that: in described step (1), the spring does sth. in advance hot red pepper employing matrix, point disk seedling growing, every 667m
2with hot red pepper seed 60-80g, row is selected to supply water nursery in booth easily; Carry out the clear stubble in field in late January in next year before field planting in described step (1), plough soil, every 667m
2execute fertilizer that 3000kg becomes thoroughly decomposed, 45% Dasanyuan composite fertilizer 50kg, superphosphate 50kg make base manure, rotary tillage, do canopy, furrow are done in whole field, and furrow face width 80cm, furrow height 15cm, furrow furrow width 30cm, furrow face is opened a shallow ridges, ditch depth 5cm, furrow width 10cm, field planting first 7 days herbicide sprayings, lid mulch film; In field planting first 3 days, hot red pepper seedling sprayed potassium dihydrogen phosphate and carbendazim, and in fine day 10:00 in the morning to 14:00 field planting in afternoon, plantation density is 4500-5000 strains/667m
2.
3. the method for hot red pepper according to claim 1 and aquatic vegetable Control By Crop Rotation continuous cropping obstacle, it is characterized in that: the spring do sth. in advance hot red pepper gather terminate after, the horticultural covering film of timely cleaning booth, Small plastic shed, Small plastic shed canopy film, straw screen or mat, mulch film and hot red pepper stubble, plough soil, every 667m
2execute decomposed manure 1000kg ~ 2000kg, ash 100kg, fertilizer and soil fully harrow even after, plot is divided into the furrow of high 5cm, wide 100cm, furrow face is smooth soft, furrow face soil particle is tiny does not have large clod, stay the aisle of wide 30cm between furrow and furrow, in booth, surrounding erects high 25cm, the water-impervious of compacting of wide 10cm encloses the ridge, in case the water in field exosmoses; Wherein Water dropwort seedling is cut into the long stem section of 20cm, and the spacing 3cm of stem and stem, is layered on furrow face side by side, covers stem section and water to make furrow face moistening with fine earth; The first nursery of water spinach, play seedlings band soil when height of seedling 15-20cm and transplant, seeding row spacing 10cm × 20cm, waters after field planting terminates.
4. the method for hot red pepper according to claim 1 and aquatic vegetable Control By Crop Rotation continuous cropping obstacle, it is characterized in that: in described step (2), the Shading net covering of Water dropwort growing period light transmittance 75% prevents Water dropwort fibrillatable and blooms on booth steelframe, and water spinach growing period does not need covered with sunshade net.
5. the method for hot red pepper according to claim 1 and aquatic vegetable Control By Crop Rotation continuous cropping obstacle, is characterized in that: in described step (2), the water source of pouring aquatic vegetable is the water in irrigation canals and ditches river course, keeps 5cm high at aquatic vegetable growing period furrow face water layer; Described step (2) water spinach, Water dropwort field planting carry out first time and gather after 40 days, toothing 5cm is high, gathers every about 25 days later.
6. the method for hot red pepper according to claim 1 and aquatic vegetable Control By Crop Rotation continuous cropping obstacle, is characterized in that: Water dropwort and water spinach are often gathered once in described step (2), after Water dropwort and water spinach are gathered 2-3 days, every 667m
2spread fertilizer over the fields two ammonium 15kg, and water promote Water dropwort, water spinach growth, water layer can not flood the toothing of Water dropwort, water spinach.
7. the method for hot red pepper according to claim 1 and aquatic vegetable Control By Crop Rotation continuous cropping obstacle, is characterized in that: early September carries out last water spinach or Water dropwort is gathered, and gathers after terminating and gets rid of water consumpation, plough airing soil, every 667m
2execute fertilizer that 3000kg becomes thoroughly decomposed, 45% Dasanyuan composite fertilizer 50kg, superphosphate 50kg make base manure, rotary tillage, do canopy, furrow are done in whole field, and furrow face width 80cm, furrow height 15cm, furrow furrow width 30cm, furrow face is opened a shallow ridges, ditch depth 5cm, furrow width 10cm, field planting first 7 days herbicide sprayings, lid mulch film, the preparation field planting autumn delays hot red pepper.
8. the method for hot red pepper according to claim 1 and aquatic vegetable Control By Crop Rotation continuous cropping obstacle, is characterized in that: delay hot red pepper described step (3) mid-autumn and adopt matrix, point disk seedling growing, every 667m
2with hot red pepper seed 60-80g, after selecting fine day 3:00 in afternoon in early September or the cloudy day carry out the autumn and delay hot red pepper field planting, plantation density is 4500-5000 strains/667m
2, supply water row and carry out in booth easily, nursery covers straw screen or mat moisturizing and on booth, adds a cover sunshade net shades.
9. the method for hot red pepper according to claim 1 and aquatic vegetable Control By Crop Rotation continuous cropping obstacle, it is characterized in that: wherein, after delaying hot red pepper field planting described step (3) mid-autumn, under the weather condition that temperature is high, on booth, add a cover sunshade net noon to lower the temperature, use " three film two curtains " to be incubated in the winter time.
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