CN103733860B - A kind of cassava wind resistance yield-increasing cultivation technology - Google Patents
A kind of cassava wind resistance yield-increasing cultivation technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation, be specifically related to a kind of cassava wind resistance yield-increasing cultivation technology.Include following technical step: open furrow wholely, plant that stem is chosen, band girdle, the fertilising of kind stem two ends, weeding, lid mulch film, both sides stay seedling, sprinkling, fertilising and the top brachymemma of stem stalk.The invention solves Traditional Wood planting potato method kind stem root of hair number few, root of hair is unbalanced, the problem of the lower and wind resistance difference of output, have and cassava kind stem root of hair number can be made many, take root equiblibrium mass distribution, knot potato equiblibrium mass distribution is in kind of a stem surrounding, and knot French fries number is many, output is high, the effect that wind loading rating is strong and the feature such as simple to operate, practical.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation, relate to a kind of cassava culture technique, be specifically related to a kind of cassava wind resistance culture technique.
Background technology
Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) is one of large tuber crops in the world three, also be one of global output seven grande culture things more than hundred million tons, the laudatory title such as " king of starch ", " underground granary " and " special crop " that cassava has, comprehensive utilization value is very high, its root, stem, Ye Junke utilize, and are most important piece of torrid areas root food, industrial chemicals and biomass energy crop.Cassava can produce the product of the large series of starchy carbohydrate, starch based, alcohol type, organic chemistry category, fine chemistry category etc. five more than 2000 kind, can be widely used in the industry-by-industries such as food, medicine, alcohol, weaving, papermaking, sugaring and coating.One of cassava or the primary raw material of alcohol fuel, particularly Crude Oil Market price progressively rises in recent years, and the development of renewable energy resources as alcohol fuel is in widespread attention, will occupy important strategic location from now on.
South China is the cassava plantation main producing region of China, most belongs to coastal area, is almost all subject to the impact of the strong wind that typhoon or strong convection cause every year.Cassava long-stalked crop, root system is shallow, and wind resistance is poor, easily lodges.Cassava, can the underproduction more than 60% in growth lodging in early stage, and the middle and later periods lodges, can underproduction 10-50%, and the cassava of the serious shadow China of windburn produces.
Cassava tradition is planted and is implanted with three kinds of modes, straight cutting (uprightly) planting method, oblique cutting planting method and keep flat planting method, wherein straight cutting planting method wind loading rating is best, and knot potato uniform growth is in the surrounding of kind of stem, and thus wind loading rating is stronger, but uprightly plant, because knot potato is dark, not easily gather in the crops, thus not easily accepted by plantation family.Current wind resistance technology has: (1) dwarfing planting wind resistance method, adopt the kind downgraded, or foliage-spray or soil execute the growth inhibition such as paclobutrazol, chlormequat class chemical reagent in process of production, reach the object that growth is downgraded, realize wind resistance, (2) leeward plot is selected to plant cassava, (3) around cassava ground, plant wind break, alleviate windburn, (4) are by extracing partial blade, prune the unnecessary branch method of removing, alleviate windburn.But current technology also has following defect: (1) uses dwarfted varieties plantation, and by the restriction of kind, dwarfted varieties is few, poor selectivity; Special growth inhibitor is planted in use, easily causes residue of pesticide again, and enhancing adds labour cost; especially cassava is after mid-June, and cassava seals row substantially, not easily carries out field spray medicine; (2) limit by plot, suitable leeward region is relatively less, restriction cassava cultivated area; (3) plant wind break, the cycle is long, and investment is large; only be applicable to large-scale planting; be not suitable for the plantation of peasant's type, (4) increase labour cost, even can cause the underproduction to a certain degree.Therefore study a kind of desirable cassava wind resistance yield-increasing cultivation technology, become a urgent task.
Summary of the invention
In order to make up the defect of prior art, the invention provides a kind of simple to operate, practical, making the cassava wind resistance yield-increasing cultivation technology of cassava stalwartness, wind resistance, volume increase.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
Cassava wind resistance yield-increasing cultivation technology, is characterized in that: culture technique comprise open furrow wholely, plant that stem is chosen, band girdle, the fertilising of kind stem two ends, weeding, lid mulch film, both sides stay seedling, sprinkling, fertilising and the top brachymemma of stem stalk, specifically have following technical step:
(1) open furrow wholely
Select barren not too much, chad is few, without ponding, wind sheltering or the soil having woods segment protect, sow in the first tenday period of a month in the first ten-day period of the March to April, within before sowing 1-2 month, carry out ploughing deeply thin rake, leveling land, hold ridge, plantation ditch and seeding row spacing successfully, play furrow by line-spacing one meter;
(2) plant stem to choose
Select fully aging, stem slubbing is close, bud select intact, fresh, do not damage, otch has milk, hypomere is as kind of a stem in the cassava stem stalk of anosis worm, use cutter flat cut, the kind stem length of cutting is 30-35cm;
(3) band girdle
With Girding cutter in kind of the middle of stem length the width around cutting 1-2cm, and divest interior exocuticle, form circumferential girdling mouth, kind stem good for band girdle is kept flat shallow embedding and enters plant hole;
(4) fertilising of stem two ends is planted
By mu, the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium of 500-800kg farmyard manure, 10-12kg urea and 20-25kg N P and K concentration >=40% is mixed as base manure, base manure is equally divided into halves, impose on kind of stem two ends respectively, return lid with the shallow soil that thickness is 4-5cm;
(5) weeding
4-5 days after plantation, is evenly sprayed on cassava plantation ground before cassava emerges by weed killer herbicide;
(6) lid mulch film
Covering with plastic film, mulch film surrounding soil compaction;
(7) seedling is stayed in both sides
As height of seedling 20-30 cm, respectively stay the seedling that 1-2 root looks healthy and strong at the two ends of band girdle mouth, every strain stays seedling quantity to be 2-3 strain, unnecessary seedling removing;
(8) spray
A. according to above step (7) stay seedling after, sprinkling dwarfing agent is carried out to cassava blade face;
B. spray miticide, by the end of April to the first tenday period of a month in May, within continuous more than 5 days, do not rain, sprinkling miticide is carried out 1 time to cassava blade face;
(9) apply fertilizer
A. plant and plant latter 40-60 days or as height of seedling 20-30cm, open mulch film, execute seedling fertilizer, by mu, urea 7.5-10kg and potassium chloride 5-7kg is mixed, by nutriment in a fertilizer halves, disposable kind of the stem two ends that apply also are mixed thoroughly with kind of the earth at stem two ends respectively, mulch film in covering;
B.5 the first tenday period of a month moon to by the end of July or height of seedling 60-90cm time, open mulch film, execute knot potato fertile, by mu, urea 9-10kg and potash fertilizer 14-15kg is mixed, by nutriment in a fertilizer halves, disposablely apply kind of stem two ends and mix thoroughly with kind of the earth at stem two ends respectively, mulch film in covering;
(10) cane top cutting back
Late June is to early July, cassava Feng Hanghou, carrying out top cutting back process, when containing blade cane height higher than the top section clipping 1/3 during 60cm, or clipping the top section of 1/4 when containing blade cane height at 40-60cm, after 30 days, brachymemma again, clipped new long terminal bud section height after 1/4,60 days, again clip new long terminal bud section height 1/4, after each cutting back, only stay regeneration bud one;
(11) general planting management is carried out in all the other production managements.
Above seeding row spacing adopts three kinds of specifications: the employing 80cm × 100cm of single cropping, the employing wide row dense planting method of interplant or wide-and narrow-row pattern, described wide row dense planting adopts 60-70cm × 120-150cm, the wide row of described wide-and narrow-row pattern adopts 55-70cm × 120-150cm, narrow row adopts 55-70cm × 70-80cm, and interplanting crops is planted in wide row.
Above-described sprinkling dwarfing agent is that 15% paclobutrazol solution 20PPm and 5 ~ 10 part ammino acid liquid fertilizer 500-1000 doubly mixes, or 50 ~ 80 parts of silk reeling wastewater 500-1000 discharged after the industrial silk cocoon throwing that retting was fermented doubly.
Above-described kind of stem is chosen, and is to choose the kind stem that otch is level and smooth, crack-free, bud point remains intact, and adopts the kind stem with more than 10 bud points.
Above-described single cropping adopts the unification of biology bottom towards implantation methods, the employing biology bottom of interplant towards wide row, planting depth 12-15cm.
The deal of the above weed killer herbicide be 15 premium on currency are converted 40-60 gram 50% acetochlor ec or 15 premium on currency are converted 11-22 gram of 96% gold medal all your missible oil.
the present invention has following outstanding substantive distinguishing features and significant progress
The present invention adopts following several measure:
1) length plants choosing of stem.By long kind of stem plantation, the length choosing kind of stem adds the length of about more than 10cm than 15 traditional ~ 25cm, according to lever principle, be embedded in soil longer, wind resistance effect is more obvious, and technical scheme of the present invention chooses 30-35cm length, make well developed root system like this, equiblibrium mass distribution, improves the availability of liquid manure, has the effect of volume increase.
2) technologies of orbicular decorticating is adopted.The present invention by Girding cutter in kind of the middle of stem length around cutting 1-2cm width, and divest interior exocuticle, form circumferential girdling mouth, cassava kind stem is made to form Secondary biological bottom, due to terrestrial gravitation effect, the long root of plant is preferentially longer than biology bottom, and have two biology bottoms, root of hair number greatly increases, form two biology tops simultaneously, this is owing to adopting plant tip advantage, so bud is always preferentially long on the biology top of kind of stem, this technology is adopted easily to form two lateral buds, be conducive to the equiblibrium mass distribution of bud, be combined in the method that the multiple inductions such as healthy and strong 1-2 seedling and three rational cane top cutting backs are stayed in kind of each of stem band girdle mouth both sides, the equilibrium of further induction surrounding is taken root, knot potato, root Ju result of the test is added up, after adopting band girdle process, the root of hair number of cassava reaches 70-100 root, compared with the technology of not girdling, root of hair number many 46% of the present invention, more be conducive to absorbing of wind resistance and liquid manure.
3) rational application of fertilizer.The present invention one adopts two ends fertilization method, utilizes the characteristic that crops become fertile, by implementing two ends fertilising to cassava kind stem, inducing cassava root system surrounding equiblibrium mass distribution, having the advantages that to strengthen wind loading rating; Two is by spraying dwarfing agent, in conjunction with short section of technology, can effectively reducing plant 30-60cm, and can suppress ground part growth, promotes the growth of subterranean root, reaches and take root deeply, the object that knot potato is many.
4) top cutting back technology is adopted.The present invention, by reasonable cutting back technology, suppresses to nourish and grow, and promotes root growth, by three cutting backs, and can suppress ground part growth, promote the growth of subterranean root, reach wind resistance volume increase object.
The present invention is by taking the measure of above various reasonable, make cassava rhizome healthy and strong, wind loading rating is strong, and the present invention is easy to operation, cassava root system and potato block balance is made to be grown on kind of a stem surrounding, solve general planting, root and block root major part are longer than one end of kind of stem, discontinuity equalization during wind, thus the defect of wind loading rating difference, reach and take root dark, knot potato is many, has features such as strengthening the strong and volume increase good harvest of wind loading rating.
Embodiment
Cassava wind resistance yield-increasing cultivation technology of the present invention, it is characterized in that: culture technique comprise open furrow wholely, plant that stem is chosen, band girdle, the fertilising of kind stem two ends, weeding, lid mulch film, both sides stay seedling, sprinkling, fertilising and the top brachymemma of stem stalk, specifically have following technical step:
(1) open furrow wholely
Select barren not too much, chad is few, without ponding, wind sheltering or have the soil of woods segment protect, sow in the first tenday period of a month in the first ten-day period of the March to April, within before sowing 1-2 month, carry out ploughing deeply thin rake, level land, hold ridge successfully, plantation ditch and seeding row spacing, furrow are played by line-spacing one meter, seeding row spacing adopts three kinds of specifications, employing 80cm × the 100cm of single cropping, the employing wide row dense planting method of interplant or wide-and narrow-row pattern, described wide row dense planting adopts 60-70cm × 120-150cm, the wide row of described wide-and narrow-row pattern adopts 55-70cm × 120-150cm, narrow row adopts 55-70cm × 70-80cm, interplanting crops is planted in wide row, described single cropping adopts the unification of biology bottom towards implantation methods, the employing biology bottom of interplant is towards wide row, planting depth 12-15cm,
(2) plant stem to choose
Select fully aging, stem slubbing is close, bud select intact, fresh, do not damage, otch has milk, in the cassava stem stalk of anosis worm hypomere as kind of a stem, use cutter flat cut, the kind stem length of cutting is 30-35cm, select long kind of stem plantation can make cassava well developed root system, equiblibrium mass distribution, improve the availability of liquid manure, it is choose the kind stem that otch is level and smooth, crack-free, bud point remains intact that kind stem is chosen, and adopts the kind stem with more than 10 bud points;
(3) band girdle
With Girding cutter in kind of the middle of stem length around cutting 1-2cm width, and divest interior exocuticle, form circumferential girdling mouth, kind stem good for band girdle is kept flat shallow embedding and enters plant hole, planting stem band girdle can make cassava kind stem form Secondary biological bottom, and root of hair number greatly increases; Shape two biology tops simultaneously, easily form two lateral buds, the equiblibrium mass distribution of favourable bud;
(4) fertilising of stem two ends is planted
By mu, the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium of 500-800kg farmyard manure, 10-12kg urea and 20-25kg N P and K concentration >=40% is mixed as base manure, base manure is equally divided into halves, impose on kind of stem two ends respectively, lid is returned with the shallow soil that thickness is 4-5cm, cassava root system surrounding equiblibrium mass distribution can be induced, there is kind of absorbing in liquid manure, improve wind loading rating;
(5) weeding
4-5 days after plantation, is evenly sprayed on cassava plantation ground before cassava emerges by weed killer herbicide, the deal of described weed killer herbicide be 15 premium on currency are converted 40-60 gram 50% acetochlor ec or 15 premium on currency are converted 11-22 gram of 96% gold medal all your missible oil;
(6) lid mulch film
Covering with plastic film, mulch film surrounding soil compaction;
(7) seedling is stayed in both sides
As height of seedling 20-30 cm, respectively stay the seedling that 1-2 root looks healthy and strong at the two ends of band girdle mouth, every strain stays seedling quantity to be 2-3 strain, and unnecessary seedling removing, can induce the equilibrium of cassava surrounding to take root, tie potato further, be conducive to wind resistance and volume increase;
(8) spray
A. according to above step (7) stay seedling after, sprinkling dwarfing agent is carried out to cassava blade face, can promote that cassava dwarfing and suppression are nourished and grown, strengthen wind loading rating, described sprinkling dwarfing agent is that 15% paclobutrazol solution 20PPm and 5 ~ 10 part ammino acid liquid fertilizer 500-1000 doubly mixes, or 50 ~ 80 parts of silk reeling wastewater 500-1000 discharged after the industrial silk cocoon throwing that retting was fermented doubly;
B. miticide is sprayed.By the end of April to the first tenday period of a month in May, within continuous more than 5 days, do not rain, sprinkling miticide is carried out 1 time to cassava blade face, acarid insect pest can be prevented;
(9) apply fertilizer
A. to plant after planting 40-60 days or as height of seedling 20-30cm, open mulch film, execute seedling fertilizer, by mu, urea 7.5-10kg and potassium chloride 5-7kg is mixed, by nutriment in a fertilizer halves, disposable kind of the stem two ends that apply also are mixed thoroughly with kind of the earth at stem two ends respectively, and mulch film in covering can be induced cassava to take root and is grown on the surrounding of kind of stem with potato block balance;
B.5 the first tenday period of a month moon to by the end of July or height of seedling 60-90cm time, open mulch film, execute knot potato fertile, by mu, urea 9-10kg and potash fertilizer 14-15kg is mixed, by nutriment in a fertilizer halves, disposable kind of the stem two ends that apply also are mixed thoroughly with kind of the earth at stem two ends respectively, mulch film in covering, cassava can be promoted to tie potato, increase potato number and promote that potato block expands;
(10) cane top cutting back
Late June, cassava Feng Hanghou, carried out top cutting back process to early July, when containing blade cane height higher than the top section clipping 1/3 during 60cm, or clip the top section of 1/4 when containing blade cane height at 40-60cm, after 30 days, brachymemma again, clipped new long terminal bud section height after 1/4,60 days, again clip new long terminal bud section height 1/4, only stay regeneration bud one after each cutting back, ground part growth can be suppressed, promote the growth of subterranean root, reach and take root deeply, the object that knot potato is many;
(11) general planting management is carried out in all the other production managements.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, further detailed description is done to the present invention:
Embodiment 1:
Cassava wind resistance yield-increasing cultivation technology of the present invention, has following culture technique step:
(1) open furrow wholely
Select barren not too much, chad is few, without ponding, wind sheltering or the soil having woods segment protect, sow in the first tenday period of a month in the first ten-day period of the March to April, within before sowing 1-2 month, carry out ploughing deeply thin rake, leveling land, hold ridge, plantation ditch and seeding row spacing successfully, seeding row spacing adopts 80cm × 100cm, plays furrow by line-spacing one meter;
(2) plant stem to choose
Select fully aging, stem slubbing is close, bud select intact, fresh, do not damage, otch has milk, hypomere is as kind of a stem in the cassava stem stalk of anosis worm, use cutter flat cut, the kind stem length of cutting is 30cm;
(3) band girdle
With Girding cutter in kind of the middle of stem length the width around cutting 1-2cm, and divest interior exocuticle, form circumferential girdling mouth, kind stem good for band girdle is kept flat shallow embedding and enters plant hole;
(4) fertilising of stem two ends is planted
By mu, the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium of 500-800kg farmyard manure, 10-12kg urea and 20-25kg N P and K concentration >=40% is mixed as base manure, base manure is equally divided into halves, impose on kind of stem two ends respectively, return lid with the shallow soil that thickness is 4-5cm;
(5) weeding
4-5 days after plantation, weed killer herbicide is evenly sprayed on cassava plantation ground before cassava emerges, the deal of weed killer herbicide 15 premium on currency is converted the acetochlor ec of 45 gram 50%;
(6) lid mulch film
Covering with plastic film, mulch film surrounding soil compaction;
(7) seedling is stayed in both sides
As height of seedling 20cm, respectively stay the seedling that 1-2 root looks healthy and strong at the two ends of band girdle mouth, every strain stays seedling quantity to be 2-3 strain, unnecessary seedling removing;
(8) spray
A. according to above step (7) stay seedling after, spray dwarfing agent, 15% paclobutrazol solution 20PPm and 5 part ammino acid liquid fertilizer 500-1000 is doubly mixed or silk reeling wastewater 500-1000 that 50 parts are discharged after the industrial silk cocoon throwing that retting ferment times cassava blade face is sprayed;
B. miticide is sprayed.By the end of April to the first tenday period of a month in May, within continuous more than 5 days, do not rain, sprinkling miticide is carried out 1 time to cassava blade face;
(9) apply fertilizer
A. plant and plant latter 40-60 days or as height of seedling 20cm, open mulch film, execute seedling fertilizer, mixed by urea 7.5-10kg and potassium chloride 5-7kg by mu, by nutriment in a fertilizer halves, disposable kind of the stem two ends that apply also are mixed thoroughly with kind of the earth at stem two ends respectively, mulch film in covering;
B.5 the first tenday period of a month moon to by the end of July or height of seedling 60cm time, open mulch film, execute knot potato fertile, by mu, urea 9-10kg and potash fertilizer 14-15kg is mixed, by nutriment in a fertilizer halves, disposablely apply kind of stem two ends and mix thoroughly with kind of the earth at stem two ends respectively, mulch film in covering;
(10) cane top cutting back
Late June is to early July, cassava Feng Hanghou, carrying out top cutting back process, when containing blade cane height higher than the top section clipping 1/3 during 60cm, or clipping the top section of 1/4 when containing blade cane height at 40cm, after 30 days, brachymemma again, clipped new long terminal bud section height after 1/4,60 days, again clip new long terminal bud section height 1/4, after each cutting back, only stay regeneration bud one;
(11) general planting management is carried out in all the other production managements.
Embodiment 2:
Cassava wind resistance yield-increasing cultivation technology of the present invention, has following culture technique step:
(1) open furrow wholely
Select barren not too much, chad is few, without ponding, wind sheltering or the soil having woods segment protect, sow in the first tenday period of a month in the first ten-day period of the March to April, within before sowing 1-2 month, carry out ploughing deeply thin rake, leveling land, hold ridge, plantation ditch and seeding row spacing successfully, seeding row spacing adopts 60-70cm × 120-150cm, plays furrow by line-spacing one meter;
(2) plant stem to choose
Select fully aging, stem slubbing is close, bud select intact, fresh, do not damage, otch has milk, hypomere is as kind of a stem in the cassava stem stalk of anosis worm, use cutter flat cut, the kind stem length of cutting is 32cm;
(3) band girdle
With Girding cutter in kind of the middle of stem length the width around cutting 1-2cm, and divest interior exocuticle, form circumferential girdling mouth, kind stem good for band girdle is kept flat shallow embedding and enters plant hole;
(4) fertilising of stem two ends is planted
By mu, the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium of 500-800kg farmyard manure, 10-12kg urea and 20-25kg N P and K concentration >=40% is mixed as base manure, base manure is equally divided into halves, impose on kind of stem two ends respectively, return lid with the shallow soil that thickness is 4-5cm;
(5) weeding
4-5 days after plantation, weed killer herbicide is evenly sprayed on cassava plantation ground before cassava emerges, the deal of weed killer herbicide 15 premium on currency is converted the acetochlor ec of 55 gram 50%;
(6) lid mulch film
Covering with plastic film, mulch film surrounding soil compaction;
(7) seedling is stayed in both sides
As height of seedling 23 cm, respectively stay the seedling that 1-2 root looks healthy and strong at the two ends of band girdle mouth, every strain stays seedling quantity to be 2-3 strain, unnecessary seedling removing;
(8) spray
A. according to above step (7) stay seedling after, spray dwarfing agent, 15% paclobutrazol solution 20PPm and 7 part ammino acid liquid fertilizer 500-1000 is doubly mixed or silk reeling wastewater 500-1000 that 60 parts are discharged after the industrial silk cocoon throwing that retting ferment times cassava blade face is sprayed;
B. miticide is sprayed.By the end of April to the first tenday period of a month in May, within continuous more than 5 days, do not rain, sprinkling miticide is carried out 1 time to cassava blade face;
(9) apply fertilizer
A. plant and plant latter 40-60 days or as height of seedling 23cm, open mulch film, execute seedling fertilizer, mixed by urea 7.5-10kg and potassium chloride 5-7kg by mu, by nutriment in a fertilizer halves, disposable kind of the stem two ends that apply also are mixed thoroughly with kind of the earth at stem two ends respectively, mulch film in covering;
B.5 the first tenday period of a month moon to by the end of July or height of seedling 70cm time, open mulch film, execute knot potato fertile, by mu, urea 9-10kg and potash fertilizer 14-15kg is mixed, by nutriment in a fertilizer halves, disposablely apply kind of stem two ends and mix thoroughly with kind of the earth at stem two ends respectively, mulch film in covering;
(10) cane top cutting back
Late June is to early July, cassava Feng Hanghou, carrying out top cutting back process, when containing blade cane height higher than the top section clipping 1/3 during 60cm, or clipping the top section of 1/4 when containing blade cane height at 45cm, after 30 days, brachymemma again, clipped new long terminal bud section height after 1/4,60 days, again clip new long terminal bud section height 1/4, after each cutting back, only stay regeneration bud one;
(11) general planting management is carried out in all the other production managements.
Embodiment 3:
Cassava wind resistance yield-increasing cultivation technology of the present invention, has following culture technique step:
(1) open furrow wholely
Select barren not too much, chad is few, without ponding, wind sheltering or the soil having woods segment protect, sow in the first tenday period of a month in the first ten-day period of the March to April, within before sowing 1-2 month, carry out ploughing deeply thin rake, leveling land, hold ridge, plantation ditch and seeding row spacing successfully, seeding row spacing adopts 55-70cm × 120-150cm, plays furrow by line-spacing one meter;
(2) plant stem to choose
Select fully aging, stem slubbing is close, bud select intact, fresh, do not damage, otch has milk, hypomere is as kind of a stem in the cassava stem stalk of anosis worm, use cutter flat cut, the kind stem length of cutting is 33cm;
(3) band girdle
With Girding cutter in kind of the middle of stem length the width around cutting 1-2cm, and divest interior exocuticle, form circumferential girdling mouth, kind stem good for band girdle is kept flat shallow embedding and enters plant hole;
(4) fertilising of stem two ends is planted
By mu, the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium of 500-800kg farmyard manure, 10-12kg urea and 20-25kg N P and K concentration >=40% is mixed as base manure, base manure is equally divided into halves, impose on kind of stem two ends respectively, return lid with the shallow soil that thickness is 4-5cm;
(5) weeding
4-5 days after plantation, is evenly sprayed on cassava plantation ground before cassava emerges by weed killer herbicide, the deal of weed killer herbicide 15 premium on currency is converted 16 gram of 96% gold medal all that missible oil;
(6) lid mulch film
Covering with plastic film, mulch film surrounding soil compaction;
(7) seedling is stayed in both sides
As height of seedling 26 cm, respectively stay the seedling that 1-2 root looks healthy and strong at the two ends of band girdle mouth, every strain stays seedling quantity to be 2-3 strain, unnecessary seedling removing;
(8) spray
A. according to above step (7) stay seedling after, spray dwarfing agent, 15% paclobutrazol solution 20PPm and 9 part ammino acid liquid fertilizer 500-1000 is doubly mixed or silk reeling wastewater 500-1000 that 70 parts are discharged after the industrial silk cocoon throwing that retting ferment times cassava blade face is sprayed;
B. miticide is sprayed.By the end of April to the first tenday period of a month in May, within continuous more than 5 days, do not rain, sprinkling miticide is carried out 1 time to cassava blade face;
(9) apply fertilizer
A. plant and plant latter 40-60 days or as height of seedling 26cm, open mulch film, execute seedling fertilizer, mixed by urea 7.5-10kg and potassium chloride 5-7kg by mu, by nutriment in a fertilizer halves, disposable kind of the stem two ends that apply also are mixed thoroughly with kind of the earth at stem two ends respectively, mulch film in covering;
B.5 the first tenday period of a month moon to by the end of July or height of seedling 80cm time, open mulch film, execute knot potato fertile, by mu, urea 9-10kg and potash fertilizer 14-15kg is mixed, by nutriment in a fertilizer halves, disposablely apply kind of stem two ends and mix thoroughly with kind of the earth at stem two ends respectively, mulch film in covering;
(10) cane top cutting back
Late June is to early July, cassava Feng Hanghou, carrying out top cutting back process, when containing blade cane height higher than the top section clipping 1/3 during 60cm, or clipping the top section of 1/4 when containing blade cane height at 50cm, after 30 days, brachymemma again, clipped new long terminal bud section height after 1/4,60 days, again clip new long terminal bud section height 1/4, after each cutting back, only stay regeneration bud one;
(11) general planting management is carried out in all the other production managements.
Embodiment 4:
Cassava wind resistance yield-increasing cultivation technology of the present invention, has following culture technique step:
(1) open furrow wholely
Select barren not too much, chad is few, without ponding, wind sheltering or the soil having woods segment protect, sow in the first tenday period of a month in the first ten-day period of the March to April, within before sowing 1-2 month, carry out ploughing deeply thin rake, leveling land, hold ridge, plantation ditch and seeding row spacing successfully, seeding row spacing adopts 55-70cm × 70-80cm, plays furrow by line-spacing one meter;
(2) plant stem to choose
Select fully aging, stem slubbing is close, bud select intact, fresh, do not damage, otch has milk, hypomere is as kind of a stem in the cassava stem stalk of anosis worm, use cutter flat cut, the kind stem length of cutting is 35cm;
(3) band girdle
With Girding cutter in kind of the middle of stem length the width around cutting 1-2cm, and divest interior exocuticle, form circumferential girdling mouth, kind stem good for band girdle is kept flat shallow embedding and enters plant hole;
(4) fertilising of stem two ends is planted
By mu, the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium of 500-800kg farmyard manure, 10-12kg urea and 20-25kg N P and K concentration >=40% is mixed as base manure, base manure is equally divided into halves, impose on kind of stem two ends respectively, return lid with the shallow soil that thickness is 4-5cm;
(5) weeding
4-5 days after plantation, is evenly sprayed on cassava plantation ground before cassava emerges by weed killer herbicide, the deal of weed killer herbicide 15 premium on currency is converted 20 gram of 96% gold medal all that missible oil;
(6) lid mulch film
Covering with plastic film, mulch film surrounding soil compaction;
(7) seedling is stayed in both sides
As height of seedling 30 cm, respectively stay the seedling that 1-2 root looks healthy and strong at the two ends of band girdle mouth, every strain stays seedling quantity to be 2-3 strain, unnecessary seedling removing;
(8) spray
A. according to above step (7) stay seedling after, spray dwarfing agent, 15% paclobutrazol solution 20PPm and 10 part ammino acid liquid fertilizer 500-1000 is doubly mixed or silk reeling wastewater 500-1000 that 80 parts are discharged after the industrial silk cocoon throwing that retting ferment times cassava blade face is sprayed;
B. miticide is sprayed.By the end of April to the first tenday period of a month in May, within continuous more than 5 days, do not rain, sprinkling miticide is carried out 1 time to cassava blade face;
(9) apply fertilizer
A. plant and plant latter 40-60 days or as height of seedling 30cm, open mulch film, execute seedling fertilizer, mixed by urea 7.5-10kg and potassium chloride 5-7kg by mu, by nutriment in a fertilizer halves, disposable kind of the stem two ends that apply also are mixed thoroughly with kind of the earth at stem two ends respectively, mulch film in covering;
B.5 the first tenday period of a month moon to by the end of July or height of seedling 90cm time, open mulch film, execute knot potato fertile, by mu, urea 9-10kg and potash fertilizer 14-15kg is mixed, by nutriment in a fertilizer halves, disposablely apply kind of stem two ends and mix thoroughly with kind of the earth at stem two ends respectively, mulch film in covering;
(10) cane top cutting back
Late June is to early July, cassava Feng Hanghou, carrying out top cutting back process, when containing blade cane height higher than the top section clipping 1/3 during 60cm, or clipping the top section of 1/4 when containing blade cane height at 60cm, after 30 days, brachymemma again, clipped new long terminal bud section height after 1/4,60 days, again clip new long terminal bud section height 1/4, after each cutting back, only stay regeneration bud one;
(11) general planting management is carried out in all the other production managements.
Embodiment 5:
The present invention takes different band girdle length to carry out Experimental Comparison to kind of stem, and result of the test is in table 1:
Table 1, the radical of 35 days after stem process kind not of the same race, average root is long, the long and unit length root weight of total root:
(1) significant difference (P<0.05) between process between different lowercases represents simultaneously.
By testing above and can finding out, cassava kind stem is after band girdle process, can induce at cassava kind stem band girdle callus position and bear the new root of more cassava, cassava root of hair number, the length of root of hair and the weight of root of hair all significantly increase, the root of hair number of planting the process of stem band girdle is than contrasting the high by 46% of not band girdle process, and total root of planting the process of stem band girdle is long than contrasting many 70% of not band girdle process.
Claims (5)
1. a cassava wind resistance yield-increasing cultivation method, is characterized in that: cultivation method comprise open furrow wholely, plant that stem is chosen, band girdle, the fertilising of kind stem two ends, weeding, lid mulch film, both sides stay seedling, sprinkling, fertilising and the top brachymemma of stem stalk, specifically have following steps:
(1) open furrow wholely
Select barren not too much, chad is few, without ponding, wind sheltering or the soil having woods segment protect, sow in the first tenday period of a month in the first ten-day period of the March to April, within before sowing 1-2 month, carry out ploughing deeply thin rake, leveling land, hold ridge, plantation ditch and seeding row spacing successfully, play furrow by line-spacing one meter;
(2) plant stem to choose
Select fully aging, stem slubbing is close, bud select intact, fresh, do not damage, otch has milk, hypomere is as kind of a stem in the cassava stem stalk of anosis worm, use cutter flat cut, the kind stem length of cutting is 30-35cm;
(3) band girdle
With Girding cutter in kind of the middle of stem length the width around cutting 1-2cm, and divest interior exocuticle, form circumferential girdling mouth, kind stem good for band girdle is kept flat shallow embedding and enters plant hole;
(4) fertilising of stem two ends is planted
By mu, the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium of 500-800kg farmyard manure, 10-12kg urea and 20-25kg N P and K concentration >=40% is mixed as base manure, base manure is equally divided into halves, impose on kind of stem two ends respectively, return lid with the shallow soil that thickness is 4-5cm;
(5) weeding
4-5 days after plantation, is evenly sprayed on cassava plantation ground before cassava emerges by weed killer herbicide;
(6) lid mulch film
Covering with plastic film, mulch film surrounding soil compaction;
(7) seedling is stayed in both sides
As height of seedling 20-30 cm, respectively stay the seedling that 1-2 root looks healthy and strong at the two ends of band girdle mouth, every strain stays seedling quantity to be 2-3 strain, unnecessary seedling removing;
(8) spray
A. according to above step (7) stay seedling after, sprinkling dwarfing agent is carried out to cassava blade face;
B. spray miticide, by the end of April to the first tenday period of a month in May, within continuous more than 5 days, do not rain, sprinkling miticide is carried out 1 time to cassava blade face;
(9) apply fertilizer
A. plant and plant latter 40-60 days or as height of seedling 20-30cm, open mulch film, execute seedling fertilizer, by mu, urea 7.5-10kg and potassium chloride 5-7kg is mixed, by nutriment in a fertilizer halves, disposable kind of the stem two ends that apply also are mixed thoroughly with kind of the earth at stem two ends respectively, mulch film in covering;
B.5 the first tenday period of a month moon to by the end of July or height of seedling 60-90cm time, open mulch film, execute knot potato fertile, by mu, urea 9-10kg and potash fertilizer 14-15kg is mixed, by nutriment in a fertilizer halves, disposablely apply kind of stem two ends and mix thoroughly with kind of the earth at stem two ends respectively, mulch film in covering;
(10) cane top cutting back
Late June is to early July, cassava Feng Hanghou, carrying out top cutting back process, when containing blade cane height higher than the top section clipping 1/3 during 60cm, or clipping the top section of 1/4 when containing blade cane height at 40-60cm, after 30 days, brachymemma again, clipped new long terminal bud section height after 1/4,60 days, again clip new long terminal bud section height 1/4, after each cutting back, only stay regeneration bud one;
(11) general planting management is carried out in all the other production managements.
2. a kind of cassava wind resistance yield-increasing cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: seeding row spacing adopts three kinds of specifications: the employing 80cm × 100cm of single cropping, the employing wide row dense planting method of interplant or wide-and narrow-row pattern, described wide row dense planting adopts 60-70cm × 120-150cm, the wide row of described wide-and narrow-row pattern adopts 55-70cm × 120-150cm, narrow row adopts 55-70cm × 70-80cm, and interplanting crops is planted in wide row.
3. a kind of cassava wind resistance yield-increasing cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described kind stem is chosen, and is to choose the kind stem that otch is level and smooth, crack-free, bud point remains intact, and adopts the kind stem with more than 10 bud points.
4. a kind of cassava wind resistance yield-increasing cultivation method according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described single cropping adopts the unification of biology bottom towards implantation methods, the employing biology bottom of interplant towards wide row, planting depth 12-15cm.
5. a kind of cassava wind resistance yield-increasing cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the deal of described weed killer herbicide be 15 premium on currency are converted 40-60 gram 50% acetochlor ec or 15 premium on currency are converted 11-22 gram of 96% gold medal all your missible oil.
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| CN103988660A (en) * | 2014-04-29 | 2014-08-20 | 梁柏初 | Cassava planting method |
| CN103988662A (en) * | 2014-04-29 | 2014-08-20 | 梁柏初 | Cassava cultivation technique |
| CN103988661A (en) * | 2014-04-29 | 2014-08-20 | 梁柏初 | Cassava spring sowing cultivation technique |
| CN105815077B (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2018-07-17 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | A kind of cassava cultural method being suitable for southern frost area |
| CN105830709A (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2016-08-10 | 伍玉兰 | Planting method of cassava |
| CN106134731A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-11-23 | 田东县浙缘农业科技有限公司 | A kind of cassava and the interplanting method of soya bean |
| CN107046979B (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2021-01-01 | 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所 | Method for planting cassava in advance |
| CN106879354A (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2017-06-23 | 农祥堂 | The implantation methods of cassava |
| CN108934865B (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2020-10-23 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Wind-resistant yield-increasing cassava cultivation device and method |
| CN111316877B (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2022-03-18 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Cassava lodging-resistant yield-increasing cultivation method |
| CN112514751B (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2022-06-17 | 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所（广西亚热带农产品加工研究所） | Long-term storage and recovery method of cassava crossbreeding capsule |
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