CN104429547A - Artificial cultivation method capable of improving phenolic acid content in wheat grains - Google Patents
Artificial cultivation method capable of improving phenolic acid content in wheat grains Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of wheat cultivation, and particularly relates to an artificial cultivation method capable of improving phenolic acid content in wheat grains. The artificial cultivation method includes the steps such as field selection, variety selection, fine soil preparation, sufficient application of base fertilizer, seeding, additional application of nitrogenous fertilizer and irrigation after wheat jointing, fertilizer application outside roots in a wheat booting stage, fertilizer application outside roots in a wheat filling stage, harvesting of the wheat grains in a dough stage and storage. The artificial cultivation method has the advantages that the feature that the phenolic acid is formed in the wheat grains is considered, and a proper nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer ratio, a proper application period, a feasible top application scheme and a feasible harvest and storage method are adopted to coordinate yield formation of the wheat grains with accumulation of the phenolic acid in the grains, so that the phenolic acid content in the wheat grains can be increased, nutritive value of the wheat grains is also improved, and wheat yield can be increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wheat cultivation technical field, be specifically related to a kind of artificial cultivation method improving phenolic content in wheat seed.
Background technology
Free Radical Biology research shows, the oxidative damage that the aging of human body and the generation development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, tumour etc. and free radical cause is closely related.Therefore about free radical scavenger, the research of antioxidant receives the extensive concern of society, because the antioxidant of synthesis often has toxic and side effect, so natural has entered into the visual field of people gradually.Protein, carbohydrate etc. that wheat not only provides the mankind necessary are also the suppliers of multiple biological effective components, as phenolic compound (forulic acid, coumaric acid, vanillic acid etc.) etc. simultaneously.Epidemiological study shows to take in the morbidity risk rate that these polyphenoils can reduce cancer, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular, type ii diabetes etc. every day.Phenols in wheat mainly contains free phenol and in conjunction with phenol, because the free phenol in fruits and vegetables is easy to extract, therefore the research of concerned plant phenols focuses mostly in fruits and vegetables before.But it is equal or higher that at present research shows in phenols in cereal and fruits and vegetables, and some high-activity components are only present in cereal.Compare with fruit with vegetables simultaneously, cereal have drying, can long storage time, be easy to be made into the long food of shelf life, and more easily eat in a large number for a long time for people as daily edible staple food, therefore in wheat seed, polyphenoils research has become a focus of polyphenoils research in cereal.In wheat, common phenolic acid mainly contains hydroxylation cinnamic acid and two kinds, hydroxylation benzoic acid, and wherein hydroxylation cinnamic acid derivative has forulic acid, p-Coumaric Acid, caffeic acid etc.; And the benzoic acid derivative of hydroxylation common are vanillic acid, syringic acid and protocatechuic acid.
The current research about phenolic content in wheat seed mainly concentrates on the extraction to antioxidant content in wheat bran, as CN101337881(application number: 200810029566.1, applying date: 2008-07-18) relate to the extraction of forulic acid and p-Coumaric Acid in wheat bran; CN 101629191(application number: 200910065820.8, the applying date: 2009-08-18) disclose forulic acid in ultrasonic assistant extraction wheat bran.Wheat cultivation process influence wheat seed nutrient component height, as CN102283002A(application number: 201110179740.2, the applying date: 2011-06-28) relate to a kind of cultivation method increasing selenium constituent content in wheat seed; CN103444410A(application number: 201310399840.5, the applying date: 2013-09-05) relate to a kind of cultivation method improving wheat yield.But not about effective cultivation management method that phenolic content in wheat seed improves, more and more come into one's own so to improve in wheat seed the Antioxidants such as phenolic acid.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art and provides a kind of artificial cultivation method improving phenolic content in wheat seed, the method considers the feature that phenolic acid is formed in wheat seed, adopt suitable nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer proportioning and Dressing date, suitable scheme of topdressing and results, storage practice coordinated phenolic acid accumulation in the formation of wheat grain yield and seed, the method can not only improve phenolic content in wheat seed, also improve the nutritive value of wheat seed, and can wheat yield be increased.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The invention provides a kind of artificial cultivation method improving phenolic content in wheat seed, comprise the steps:
(1) selection of land: based on soil, fertilizer, water condition, selects the organic plot of weight content more than 1.2% of topsoil soils;
(2) kind is selected: select resistant to lodging, fringe layer is neat, plant type is compact, the wheat of disease-resistant, good stress resistance;
(3) meticulous whole ground and use sufficient base fertilizer: a. is meticulous wholely: after harvest corn, straw chopping and returning, adopts 2 ~ 3 years and deep ploughs once, tilth 25cm, other times employing rotary tillage tilth 5 ~ 15cm; Behind arable land, adopt suppression 2 times of raking the soil level; B. base fertilizer is used sufficient: potassium application amount is with K
2o counts, K
2o amount is 10 ~ 15 kg/667m
2; Nitrogen fertilizer application amount is in nitrogen element, and nitrogen amount of element is 6 ~ 8.5 kg/667m
2; Execute phosphate fertilizer amount with P
2o
5meter, P
2o
5amount is 12 ~ 15 kg/667m
2;
(4) sow: select be 10 ~ November 10 October, seeding quantity 5 ~ 10 kg/667m in sowing time
2;
(5) wheat jointing later stage nitrogen dressing also combines and pours water: Nitrogen Top Dressing amount is in nitrogen element, and nitrogen amount of element is 6 ~ 10 ㎏/667m
2, and water;
(6) wheat booting period root sprays fertilizer outward: spray selection of time point in afternoon 4 ~ 5, avoid high temperature and high light weather conditions simultaneously, spray mixing urea solution, each fountain height 0.08 L/m
2, spray 1 ~ 3 number; Described mixing urea solution is (60 ~ 200) by the aqueous solution of urea of mass percent concentration 1.5 ~ 1.8% and Tween-80 according to volume ratio: 1 mixes and obtains mixing urea solution;
(7) Wheat in Grain Filling Stage root sprays fertilizer outward: spraying time sprayed with at 4 in fine day afternoon later, avoid noon high temperature and the rainy day spray, spray mixing potassium silicate solution, the amount of spraying is 0.08 L/ m
2, the pustulation period sprays 2 times; Described mixing potassium silicate solution is (50 ~ 180) by the potassium silicate aqueous solution of mass percent concentration 0.4 ~ 0.6% and Tween-80 according to volume ratio: 1 mixes and obtains mixing potassium silicate solution;
(8) ripening stage, gathers in the crops wheat seed: in golden yellow between under wheat leaf blade, fringe and fringe, under fringe, first segment is micro-green, and seed turns yellow, and inner is wax state, gathers in during water content 20 ~ 25wt%;
(9) preserve: the wheat seed after results is preserved 50 ~ 75 days under 45 ~ 55 DEG C of conditions.
Described potash fertilizer is potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or potassium sulfate.
Described nitrogenous fertilizer is urea or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP).
Described phosphate fertilizer is calcium phosphate, double superphosphate or diammonium phosphate.
In described step (5), the wheat jointing later stage is that Young spike development breaks up latter stage to Pistil And Stamen, and concrete form is characterized as the long 2 ~ 3cm of extend internode, the long 8 ~ 10cm of total internode.
It is be (70 ~ 180) by the aqueous solution of urea of mass percent concentration 1.5% and Tween-80 according to volume ratio that described step (6) root in booting stage sprays mixing urea solution in fertilizer outward: 1 mixes and obtains mixing urea solution.
It is be (60 ~ 150) by the potassium silicate aqueous solution of mass percent concentration 0.6% and Tween-80 according to volume ratio that described step (7) pustulation period root sprays mixing potassium silicate solution outward: 1 mixes and obtains mixing potassium silicate solution.
Wheat seed in described step (9) after results is preserved 60 days under 45 ~ 48 DEG C of conditions.
Positive beneficial effect of the present invention:
1. the present invention adopts the proportioning of suitable nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer and fertilization mode 50% base fertilizer to apply, 50% to topdress applyings, and the whole base fertilizer of phosphate fertilizer applies, and not only makes phenolic content increase in wheat seed, increases grain yield simultaneously.
2. in the present invention booting stage root to spray mixing urea solution in fertilizer be outward be (60 ~ 200) by the aqueous solution of urea of mass percent concentration 1.5% and Tween-80 according to volume ratio: 1 mixes and obtains mixing urea solution; It is be (50 ~ 180) by the potassium silicate aqueous solution of mass percent concentration 0.6% and Tween-80 according to volume ratio that pustulation period root sprays mixing potassium silicate solution outward: 1 mixes and obtains mixing potassium silicate solution; Root sprays fertilizer outward can effectively increase phenolic content in wheat seed, improves its nutritive value.
3. in the present invention, ripening stage, gathers in the crops wheat seed, and gathers in during wheat seed water content 20 ~ 25wt%, not only can improve phenolic content in seed, also can improve protein content in seed simultaneously, improves nutritional quality and the processing quality of wheat.
4. in the present invention the storage practice of wheat seed be by results after wheat seed 45 ~ 55 DEG C of conditions storage 50 ~ 75 days, phenolic content in seed can be improved, be conducive to nutritional quality and improve; The suitable sowing time is selected according to the weather conditions of locality in different wheat planting area, and Henan area generally selects be 10 ~ October 20 October in sowing time.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Improve an artificial cultivation method for phenolic content in wheat seed, comprise the steps:
(1) selection of land: based on soil, fertilizer, water condition, selects the organic plot of weight content more than 1.2% of topsoil soils;
(2) kind is selected: select resistant to lodging, fringe layer is neat, plant type is compact, the wheat of disease-resistant, good stress resistance;
(3) meticulous whole ground and use sufficient base fertilizer: a. is meticulous wholely: after harvest corn, straw chopping and returning, adopts 2 ~ 3 years and deep ploughs once, tilth 25cm, other times employing rotary tillage tilth 15 ~ 18cm; Behind arable land, adopt each 2 times of suppression of raking the soil level; B. base fertilizer is used sufficient: potassium application amount is with K
2o counts, K
2o amount is 10 ~ 15 kg/667m
2; Nitrogen fertilizer application amount is in nitrogen element, and nitrogen amount of element is 6 ~ 8.5 kg/667m
2; Execute phosphate fertilizer amount with P
2o
5meter, P
2o
5amount is 12 ~ 15 kg/667m
2;
(4) sow: select be 10 ~ October 20 October, seeding quantity 5 ~ 10 kg/667m in sowing time
2;
(5) wheat jointing later stage nitrogen dressing also combines and pours water: Nitrogen Top Dressing amount is in nitrogen element, and nitrogen amount of element is 6 ~ 8.5 ㎏/667m
2, and water;
(6) wheat booting period root sprays fertilizer outward: spray selection of time point in afternoon 4 ~ 5, avoid high temperature and high light weather conditions simultaneously, spray mixing urea solution, each fountain height 0.08 L/m
2, spray 1 ~ 3 number; Described mixing urea solution is (60 ~ 200) by the aqueous solution of urea of mass percent concentration 1.5 ~ 1.8% and Tween-80 according to volume ratio: 1 mixes and obtains mixing urea solution;
(7) Wheat in Grain Filling Stage root sprays fertilizer outward: spraying time sprayed with at 4 in fine day afternoon later, avoid noon high temperature and the rainy day spray, spray mixing potassium silicate solution, the amount of spraying is 0.08 L/ m
2, the pustulation period sprays 2 times; Described mixing potassium silicate solution is (50 ~ 180) by the potassium silicate aqueous solution of mass percent concentration 0.4 ~ 0.6% and Tween-80 according to volume ratio: 1 mixes and obtains mixing potassium silicate solution;
(8) ripening stage, gathers in the crops wheat seed: in golden yellow between under wheat leaf blade, fringe and fringe, under fringe, first segment is micro-green, and seed turns yellow, and inner is wax state, gathers in during water content 20 ~ 25wt%;
(9) preserve: the wheat seed after results is preserved 50 ~ 75 days under 45 ~ 55 DEG C of conditions.
Described potash fertilizer is potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or potassium sulfate.
Described nitrogenous fertilizer is urea or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP).
Described phosphate fertilizer is calcium phosphate, double superphosphate or diammonium phosphate.
Test is carried out in Agricultural University Of He'nan experimental farm, and test kind is Henan wheat 49-198, randomised block design, repeats for 3 times, plot area 3 m × 7 m.4 kinds of fertilizer mix proportion schemes are set altogether, A1(nitrogen amount of element 6 kg/ mu, P in phosphate fertilizer
2o
5measure 4 kg/ mus); Nitrogen amount of element 16 kg/ mu in A2(nitrogenous fertilizer, P in phosphate fertilizer
2o
5measure 4 kg/ mus); A3 (nitrogen amount of element 6 kg/ mu, P in phosphate fertilizer
2o
5measure 14 kg/ mus); Nitrogen amount of element 16 kg/ mu in A4(nitrogenous fertilizer, P in phosphate fertilizer
2o
5measure 14 kg/ mus), wherein potassium application amount is with K
2o counts, K
2o amount is for 10kg/ mu, and nitrogenous fertilizer 50% base fertilizer applies, 50% to topdress applyings, and the whole base fertilizer of phosphate fertilizer applies, seed mensuration phenolic acid constituent content after results.
The main phenolic acid constituent content of wheat Henan wheat 49-198 seed and wheat yield under the different nitrogen phosphorus proportion of table 1
As seen from Table 1, in A4 fertilizer applications, vanillic acid, p-Coumaric Acid, syringic acid, forulic acid and total phenolics content are the highest, and comparatively mean value improves 6.5%, 16.8%, 42.3%, 39.2% and 37.7% respectively.Grain yield then processes the highest with option A 2, and A4 process is taken second place.Total phenolics output shows as A4 and is up to 6532.5g/ha, and comparatively mean value adds 39.11%.
Result shows at option A 4(nitrogen element 16 kg/ mu, P in phosphate fertilizer
2o
5measure 14 kg/ mus) join the condition of executing under, phenolic content in seed can be improved, and higher output can be obtained, thus obtain the highest phenolic acid output.
Embodiment 2
Test is carried out in Agricultural University Of He'nan experimental farm, and test kind is Zheng wheat 366, randomised block design, repeats for 3 times, plot area 3 m × 7 m.4 kinds of fertilizer mix proportion schemes are set altogether, A1(nitrogen amount of element 6 kg/ mu, P in phosphate fertilizer
2o
5measure 4 kg/ mus); Nitrogen amount of element 16 kg/ mu in A2(nitrogenous fertilizer, P in phosphate fertilizer
2o
5measure 4 kg/ mus); A3 (nitrogen amount of element 6 kg/ mu, P in phosphate fertilizer
2o
5measure 14 kg/ mus); Nitrogen amount of element 16 kg/ mu in A4(nitrogenous fertilizer, P in phosphate fertilizer
2o
5measure 14 kg/ mus), wherein potassium application amount is with K
2o counts, K
2o amount is 12 kg/ mus, and nitrogenous fertilizer 50% base fertilizer applies, 50% to topdress applyings, and the whole base fertilizer of phosphate fertilizer applies, seed mensuration phenolic acid constituent content after results.
The cultivation method of the present embodiment is identical with embodiment 1.
The main phenolic acid constituent content of wheat Zheng wheat 366 seed and wheat yield under the different nitrogen phosphorus proportion of table 2
As seen from Table 2, under the fertilizer ratio of A4 scheme, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, p-Coumaric Acid, syringic acid, forulic acid and total phenolics content all show as the highest, its comparatively mean value improve 34.4%, 24.0%, 73.3%, 58.4%, 38.5% and 39.5% respectively.Grain yield is the highest under A2 proportioning, and A4 only takes second place; Total phenolics output is the highest under showing as A4, and comparatively mean value improves 41.0%.Result shows A4 scheme (nitrogen element 16 kg/ mu, P in phosphate fertilizer
2o
5measure 14 kg/ mus) join the condition of executing under, phenolic content in seed can be improved, and higher output can be obtained, thus obtain the highest phenolic acid output.
Embodiment 3
Test is carried out in Agricultural University Of He'nan experimental farm, and test kind, for raising wheat 15, randomised block design, repeats for 3 times, plot area 3 m × 7 m.4 kinds of fertilizer mix proportion schemes are set altogether, A1(nitrogen amount of element 6 kg/ mu, P in phosphate fertilizer
2o
5measure 4 kg/ mus); Nitrogen amount of element 16 kg/ mu in A2(nitrogenous fertilizer, P in phosphate fertilizer
2o
5measure 4 kg/ mus); A3 (nitrogen amount of element 6 kg/ mu, P in phosphate fertilizer
2o
5measure 14 kg/ mus); Nitrogen amount of element 16 kg/ mu in A4(nitrogenous fertilizer, P in phosphate fertilizer
2o
5measure 14 kg/ mus), wherein potassium application amount is with K
2o counts, K
2o amount is 12 kg/ mus, and nitrogenous fertilizer 50% base fertilizer applies, 50% to topdress applyings, and the whole base fertilizer of phosphate fertilizer applies, seed mensuration phenolic acid constituent content after results.
The cultivation method of the present embodiment is identical with embodiment 1.
Under the different nitrogen phosphorus proportion of table 3, wheat raises the main phenolic acid constituent content of wheat 15 seed and wheat yield
As seen from Table 3, (nitrogen element 16 kg/ mu, P in phosphate fertilizer under A4 scheme
2o
5measure 14 kg/ mus) under, in seed, vanillic acid, p-Coumaric Acid, syringic acid, forulic acid and total phenolics content are the highest, and comparatively mean value improves 34.0%, 12.2%, 7.4%, 16.7% and 17.0% respectively.Although grain yield is the highest with A2, under A4 scheme, grain yield is only second to A2, and phenolic acid output is with the highest under A4 fertilizer applications, and comparatively mean value improves 18.2%, comparatively improves 21.2% under A2 scheme.Result shows A4 scheme (nitrogen element 16 kg/ mu, P in phosphate fertilizer
2o
5measure 14 kg/ mus) join the condition of executing under, phenolic content in seed can be improved, and higher output can be obtained, thus obtain the highest phenolic acid output.
Embodiment 4
Test is carried out in Agricultural University Of He'nan experimental farm, and test kind, for raising wheat 22, randomised block design, repeats for 3 times, plot area 3 m × 7 m.4 kinds of fertilizer mix proportion schemes are set altogether, A1(nitrogen amount of element 6 kg/ mu, P in phosphate fertilizer
2o
5measure 4 kg/ mus); Nitrogen amount of element 16 kg/ mu in A2(nitrogenous fertilizer, P in phosphate fertilizer
2o
5measure 4 kg/ mus); A3 (nitrogen amount of element 6 kg/ mu, P in phosphate fertilizer
2o
5measure 14 kg/ mus); Nitrogen amount of element 16 kg/ mu in A4(nitrogenous fertilizer, P in phosphate fertilizer
2o
5measure 14 kg/ mus), wherein potassium application amount is with K
2o counts, K
2o amount is 12 kg/ mus, and nitrogenous fertilizer 50% base fertilizer applies, 50% to topdress applyings, and the whole base fertilizer of phosphate fertilizer applies, seed mensuration phenolic acid constituent content after results.
The cultivation method of the present embodiment is identical with embodiment 1.
Under the different nitrogen phosphorus proportion of table 4, wheat raises the main phenolic acid constituent content of wheat 22 seed and wheat yield
As seen from Table 4, (nitrogen element 16 kg/ mu under A4 scheme, in phosphate fertilizer, P2O5 measures 14 kg/ mus) under, in seed, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, forulic acid and total phenolics content are the highest, be respectively 36.85 μ g.g-1,0.20 μ g.g-1,755.11 μ g.g-1 and 832.07 μ g.g-1, comparatively mean value improves 29.7%, 45.9%, 8.5% and 8.6% respectively.Grain yield is also with the highest under A4 scheme; Phenolic acid output is the highest under A4 scheme, and comparatively mean value improves 38.1%, is 1.6 times of minimum output.Result shows A4 scheme (nitrogen element 16 kg/ mu, P in phosphate fertilizer
2o
5measure 14 kg/ mus) join the condition of executing under, phenolic content in seed can be improved, and higher output can be obtained, thus obtain the highest phenolic acid output.
Embodiment 5
Test is carried out in Agricultural University Of He'nan experimental farm, and test kind is new black No. 1 of week, and randomised block design repeats for 3 times, plot area 3 m × 7 m.3 kinds of fertilizer mix proportion schemes are set altogether, nitrogen amount of element 16 kg/ mu in B1(nitrogenous fertilizer, P in phosphate fertilizer
2o
5measure 4 kg/ mus); B2 (nitrogen amount of element 6 kg/ mu, P in phosphate fertilizer
2o
5measure 14 kg/ mus); Nitrogen amount of element 16 kg/ mu in B3(nitrogenous fertilizer, P in phosphate fertilizer
2o
5measure 14 kg/ mus), wherein potassium application amount is with K
2o counts, K
2o amount is 12 kg/ mus, and nitrogenous fertilizer 50% base fertilizer applies, 50% to topdress applyings, and the whole base fertilizer of phosphate fertilizer applies, seed mensuration phenolic acid constituent content after results.
The cultivation method of the present embodiment is identical with embodiment 1.
The new all main phenolic acid constituent contents of black No. 1 seed of wheat breed and wheat yield under the different nitrogen phosphorus proportion of table 5
As seen from Table 5, Different Fertilization scheme is slightly different to phenolic acid components influence, but for accounting for for the forulic acid of total phenolics content more than 80%, under fertilizer applications B3 condition, ferulaic acid content in seed, total phenolics content are the highest, and comparatively minimum improves 18% and 17.6% respectively; Comparatively mean value improves 10.3% and 9.0%.Grain yield and phenolic acid output all with the highest under B3 process, wherein phenolic acid output comparatively mean value improve 19.4%.
Result shows B3 scheme (nitrogen element 16 kg/ mu, P in phosphate fertilizer
2o
5measure 14 kg/ mus) join the condition of executing under, not only can improve phenolic content in seed, and high output can be obtained, thus obtain the highest phenolic acid output.
Embodiment 6
Test is carried out in Agricultural University Of He'nan experimental farm, and test kind is the purple wheat No. 1 in Shandong, and randomised block design, repeats for 3 times, plot area 3 m × 7 m.3 kinds of fertilizer mix proportion schemes are set altogether, nitrogen amount of element 16 kg/ mu in B1(nitrogenous fertilizer, P in phosphate fertilizer
2o
5measure 4 kg/ mus); B2 (nitrogen amount of element 6 kg/ mu, P in phosphate fertilizer
2o
5measure 14 kg/ mus); Nitrogen amount of element 16 kg/ mu in B3(nitrogenous fertilizer, P in phosphate fertilizer
2o
5measure 14 kg/ mus), wherein potassium application amount is with K
2o counts, K
2o amount is 12 kg/ mus, and nitrogenous fertilizer 50% base fertilizer applies, 50% to topdress applyings, and the whole base fertilizer of phosphate fertilizer applies, seed mensuration phenolic acid constituent content after results.
The cultivation method of the present embodiment is identical with embodiment 1
The purple main phenolic acid constituent content of wheat No. 1 seed in wheat breed Shandong and wheat yield under the different nitrogen phosphorus proportion of table 6
From table 6, caffeic acid, forulic acid and total phenolics content are all the highest with the lower content of B3 scheme fertilising, and comparatively mean value improves 18.0%, 7.8% and 6.9% respectively.Grain yield is the highest under B3 fertilization mode; Phenolic content is the highest under also showing as B3 fertilization mode, and comparatively mean value improves 11.2%.
Result shows B3 scheme (nitrogen element 16 kg/ mu, P in phosphate fertilizer
2o
5measure 14 kg/ mus) join the condition of executing under, not only can improve phenolic content in seed, and high output can be obtained, thus obtain the highest phenolic acid output.
Embodiment 7
Test is carried out in Agricultural University Of He'nan experimental farm, and test kind is Henan wheat 49-198, randomised block design, repeats for 3 times, plot area 3 m × 7 m.4 kinds of fertilizer mix proportion schemes are set altogether, nitrogen amount of element 0 kg/ mu in D1(nitrogenous fertilizer, P in phosphate fertilizer
2o
5measure 12 kg/ mus); Nitrogen amount of element 6 kg/ mu in D2(nitrogenous fertilizer, P in phosphate fertilizer
2o
5measure 12 kg/ mus), nitrogen amount of element 16 kg/ mu in D3(nitrogenous fertilizer, P in phosphate fertilizer
2o
5measure 12 kg/ mus); Nitrogen amount of element 20 kg/ mu in D4(nitrogenous fertilizer, P in phosphate fertilizer
2o
5measure 12 kg/ mus) wherein potassium application amount is with K
2o counts, K
2o amount is 12 kg/ mus, and nitrogenous fertilizer 50% base fertilizer applies, 50% to topdress applyings, and the whole base fertilizer of phosphate fertilizer applies, seed mensuration phenolic acid constituent content after results.
The cultivation method of the present embodiment is identical with embodiment 1.
The main phenolic acid constituent content of wheat breed Henan wheat 49-198 seed and wheat yield under the different nitrogen phosphorus proportion of table 7
From table 7, under in seed, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, p-Coumaric Acid, syringic acid, forulic acid and total phenolics all show as D4 scheme, content is the highest, and comparatively mean value improves 12.%, 0.5%, 10.6%, 20.3%, 26.3% and 25.4% respectively.Under D3 process, seed phenolic content is only second to D4, and total phenolics content is 735.07 μ g.g
-1.In seed, phenolic acid gross yield is the highest under showing as D4, takes second place under D3 process.
Result shows D3 and D4 scheme (nitrogen element 16-20 kg/ mu, P in phosphate fertilizer
2o
5measure 12 kg/ mus) join the condition of executing under, not only can improve phenolic content in seed, and high output can be obtained, thus obtain the highest phenolic acid output.
Embodiment 8
Test kind is new black No. 1 of week, plants in Agricultural University Of He'nan experimental farm, repeats for 3 times, plot area 3 m × 7 m.Test site, Zhengzhou soil is moisture soil, and topsoil soils is containing organic 12.6 g.kg
– 1, full nitrogen 0.91 g.kg
– 1, rapid available phosphorus 25.6 g.kg
– 1, available potassium 124.5 g.kg
– 1.Mid-October is sowed, and field management is with general High-yield Wheat Fields.Gather in the crops wheat seed respectively at wheat Different ripening stages, ripening stage and wheat seed moisture are 20 ~ 25%, and full ripening stage and wheat seed water content, below 20%, measure phenolic acid constituent content in seed.
The cultivation method of the present embodiment is identical with embodiment 1.
Phenolic content and grain weight, protein content in the different water content in harvest seed of table 8
As seen from Table 8, in the seed that ripening stage is gathered in the crops, caffeic acid, p-Coumaric Acid, forulic acid and total phenolics content are all significantly higher than full ripening stage results seed, wherein forulic acid and total phenolics difference high 31.56% and 24.22%.Thousand kernel weight is respectively 42.2 and 40.2 grams in ripening stage and full ripening stage; Protein content is respectively 13.0% and 12.5% in ripening stage and full ripening stage.
Result shows, at ripening stage moisture content of kernels 20 ~ 25% results wheat, can increase forulic acid and total phenolics content in seed, improve thousand kernel weight and protein content.
Embodiment 9
Test kind is week 98165, plants in Agricultural University Of He'nan experimental farm, repeats for 3 times, plot area 3 m × 7 m.Test site, Zhengzhou soil is moisture soil, and topsoil soils is containing organic 12.6 g.kg
– 1, full nitrogen 0.91 g.kg
– 1, rapid available phosphorus 25.6 g.kg
– 1, available potassium 124.5 g.kg
– 1.Mid-October is sowed, and field management is with general High-yield Wheat Fields.Gather in the crops wheat seed respectively at wheat Different ripening stages, ripening stage and wheat seed moisture are 20 ~ 25%, and full ripening stage and wheat seed water content, below 20%, measure phenolic acid constituent content in seed.
The cultivation method of the present embodiment is identical with embodiment 1.
Phenolic content and grain weight, protein content in the different water content in harvest seed of table 9
As seen from Table 9, in the seed that ripening stage is gathered in the crops, caffeic acid, p-Coumaric Acid, forulic acid and total phenolics content are all significantly higher than full ripening stage results seed, wherein forulic acid and total phenolics difference high 42.5% and 39.8%.Thousand kernel weight is respectively 50.1 and 48.2 grams in ripening stage and full ripening stage; Protein content is respectively 14.0% and 13.5% in ripening stage and full ripening stage.
Result shows, at ripening stage moisture content of kernels 20 ~ 25% results wheat, can increase forulic acid and total phenolics content in seed, improve thousand kernel weight and protein content.
Embodiment 10
Test kind is new black No. 1 of week, plants in Agricultural University Of He'nan experimental plot in 2013-2014, repeats for 3 times, plot area 3 m × 7 m.Test site, Zhengzhou soil is moisture soil, and topsoil soils is containing organic 12.6 g.kg
– 1, full nitrogen 0.91 g.kg
– 1, rapid available phosphorus 25.6 g.kg
– 1, available potassium 124.5 g.kg
– 1.Mid-October is sowed, and field management is with general High-yield Wheat Fields.Maturing stage gathers in the crops, and the seed after results respectively holding conditions is A:4 DEG C of stored refrigerated, and B:25 DEG C of normal temperature is preserved, and C:45 DEG C heats preservation, and storage time is 60 days.Measure total phenol content and phenolic acid constituent content in seed.
The cultivation method of the present embodiment is identical with embodiment 1.
The different reserve temperature of table 10 is on impact (the μ g.g of phenolic acid constituent content
-1)
From table 10, preserve under 45 DEG C of conditions, in seed, vanillic acid, p-Coumaric Acid, forulic acid and total phenolics content are all the highest, comparatively increase by 10.11%, 33.93%, 14.75% at normal temperature 25 DEG C respectively, and 12.30%.Although caffeic acid comparatively slightly reduces at 4 DEG C under 45 DEG C of conditions, comparatively 25 DEG C of storage increases by 38.4%.In general, under 45 DEG C of conditions, storage can improve the content of main phenolic acid forulic acid, and other phenolic acid constituent contents multiple, improves the middle total phenolics content of seed.
Claims (8)
1. improve an artificial cultivation method for phenolic content in wheat seed, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) selection of land: based on soil, fertilizer, water condition, selects the organic plot of weight content more than 1.2% of topsoil soils;
(2) kind is selected: select resistant to lodging, fringe layer is neat, plant type is compact, the wheat of disease-resistant, good stress resistance;
(3) meticulous whole ground and use sufficient base fertilizer: a. is meticulous wholely: after harvest corn, straw chopping and returning, adopts 2 ~ 3 years and deep ploughs once, tilth 25cm, other times employing rotary tillage tilth 15 ~ 18cm; Behind arable land, adopt suppression 2 times of raking the soil level; B. base fertilizer is used sufficient: potassium application amount is with K
2o counts, K
2o amount is 10 ~ 15 kg/667m
2; Nitrogen fertilizer application amount is in nitrogen element, and nitrogen amount of element is 6 ~ 8.5 kg/667m
2; Execute phosphate fertilizer amount with P
2o
5meter, P
2o
5amount is 12 ~ 15 kg/667m
2;
(4) sow: select be 10 ~ November 10 October, seeding quantity 5 ~ 10 kg/667m in sowing time
2;
(5) wheat jointing later stage nitrogen dressing also combines and pours water: Nitrogen Top Dressing amount is in nitrogen element, and nitrogen amount of element is 6 ~ 8.5 ㎏/667m
2, and water;
(6) wheat booting period root sprays fertilizer outward: spray selection of time point in afternoon 4 ~ 5, avoid high temperature and high light weather conditions simultaneously, spray mixing urea solution, each fountain height 0.08 L/ m
2, spray 1 ~ 3 number; Described mixing urea solution is (60 ~ 200) by the aqueous solution of urea of mass percent concentration 1.5 ~ 1.8% and Tween-80 according to volume ratio: 1 mixes and obtains mixing urea solution; (7) Wheat in Grain Filling Stage root sprays fertilizer outward: spraying time sprayed with at 4 in fine day afternoon later, avoid noon high temperature and the rainy day spray, spray mixing potassium silicate solution, the amount of spraying is 0.08 L/ m
2, the pustulation period sprays 2 times; Described mixing potassium silicate solution is (50 ~ 180) by the potassium silicate aqueous solution of mass percent concentration 0.4 ~ 0.6% and Tween-80 according to volume ratio: 1 mixes and obtains mixing potassium silicate solution;
(8) ripening stage, gathers in the crops wheat seed: in golden yellow between under wheat leaf blade, fringe and fringe, under fringe, first segment is micro-green, and seed turns yellow, and inner is wax state, gathers in during water content 20 ~ 25wt%;
(9) preserve: the wheat seed after results is preserved 50 ~ 75 days under 45 ~ 55 DEG C of conditions.
2. improve the artificial cultivation method of phenolic content in wheat seed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described potash fertilizer is potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or potassium sulfate.
3. improve the artificial cultivation method of phenolic content in wheat seed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described nitrogenous fertilizer is urea or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP).
4. improve the artificial cultivation method of phenolic content in wheat seed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described phosphate fertilizer is calcium phosphate, double superphosphate or diammonium phosphate.
5. improve the artificial cultivation method of phenolic content in wheat seed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step (5), the wheat jointing later stage is that Young spike development breaks up latter stage to Pistil And Stamen, concrete form is characterized as the long 2 ~ 3cm of extend internode, the long 8 ~ 10cm of total internode.
6. improve the artificial cultivation method of phenolic content in wheat seed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: it is be (70 ~ 180) with Tween-80 according to volume ratio by the aqueous solution of urea of mass percent concentration 1.5% that described step (6) root in booting stage sprays mixing urea solution in fertilizer outward: 1 mixes and obtains mixing urea solution.
7. improve the artificial cultivation method of phenolic content in wheat seed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: it is be (60 ~ 150) with Tween-80 according to volume ratio by the potassium silicate aqueous solution of mass percent concentration 0.6% that described step (7) pustulation period root sprays mixing potassium silicate solution outward: 1 mixes and obtains mixing potassium silicate solution.
8. improve the artificial cultivation method of phenolic content in wheat seed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the wheat seed in described step (9) after results is preserved 60 days under 45 ~ 48 DEG C of conditions.
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