CN106613185A - 2-oculture multi-plant close planting method for foxtail millet - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is a 2-oculture multi-plant close planting method for foxtail millet. The method comprises the steps of choosing fine breeds, choosing land for crop rotation, preparing soil before sowing, sowing the foxtail millet, managing the density of reserved seedlings, applying fertilizer, conducting field management on the foxtail millet, controlling pests and diseases, and harvesting timely. According to the wide-narrow row planting method, the original linewidth about 40 cm is maintained, two lines are sowed in and one line is skipped, marginal superiority can be fully utilized, the ventilation and photopermeability effects to the greatest extent are achieved, 3-4 plants are planted in each hole to achieve reasonable close planting, meanwhile systematic cultivation and management measures are coordinated, the effect of increasing both production and income is achieved, more about 15,000 plants are planted each mu (a Chinese unit of area, about 0.0667 hectares) by adopting the planting mode compared with the common planting technique, so that the yield of the foxtail millet per unit area is increased greatly. According to the 2-oculture multi-plant close planting method for the foxtail millet, the operation method is simple, it is only required that a sowing case is picked off and replaced with a three or four grain seed tray in the middle of a four-case seeder to sow, the planting method not only facilitates ventilation and photopermeability, but also is convenient to egress and ingress and conducive to field management, and both film mulching and drip irrigation planting can be achieved.

Description

Millet two is than empty many plants of planting culture methods

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of millet cultivation technique, specifically a kind of cultivation side for improving millet yield per unit area Method.

Background technology

Millet, grass is referred to as millet after shelling, millet has strong body of enriching blood, builds up resistance and improves appetite Etc. function.Millet originates from China, and it has unique resistance and adaptability, with drought resisting, barren-resistant, wide adaptability, water The multiple feature such as utilization ratio is high, fertilizer and pesticide consumption is few, no matter Plain fertilizer ground, or arid hills, barren mountain area, can plant Plant.With the change and the raising of Living consumption of social environment, the nutritive value of millet is valued by the people, its human body Necessary methionine, tryptophan, threonine, the content of lysine are above soybean, corn, wheat, Chinese sorghum, become environment friend Good type and health-care and nutrition type crop.But, from the beginning of 20 century 70s, China's millet planting area is being phased down.Plantation Area reduction reason is more, but basic reason is that millet yield per unit area is low, and economic benefit is not high.Improve millet unit area Yield, to the following shortage of water resources of reply, develop eco-agriculture, improve land utilization efficiency, increasing farmers' income with showing Sincere justice.

Now there is millet planting in major part province in the north, and the line-spacing of general plantation is 40cm or so, and spacing in the rows is that 4cm is left The right side, every mu of strain number is 40000 plants or so, 400 kilograms or so of the general soil fertility average yield per mu in Chifeng.

The content of the invention

It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of millet two can be improved than empty many plants of planting culture methods using this method Field microclimate, makes every plant of millet of every row all in Dominance in border row state, is truly realized rational close planting, reaches maximum ventilation printing opacity Purpose, improve lodging tolerance, effectively mitigate arid, waterlogging, the casualty loss caused by lodging, be raising millet unit plane Product yield provides a kind of effective way.

Technical scheme is made up of following steps：

A, select breeding

According to ecological condition reasonable selection kind, to select to authorize high-quality, the high-yield variety adapted in this area plantation, in choosing When selecting kind, focus on the quality of kind, yield, Mid-late ripening, be suitable to dense planting, disease resistance feature；

B, selection of land crop rotation

The soil is porous for selection, and physical features is flat, and mollic is thicker, and draining is good, and the high plot of soil organic matter content, millet is unsuitable Continuous cropping, meet stubble;Efficent rotation had not only been increase soil fertility but also can reduce the generation of disease, and crop rotation method has：Corn-millet- Wheat；Soybean-Chinese sorghum-millet；Soybean-millet-wheat;

C, seedbed preparation

Fine site preparation behind plot is chosen, millet is sowed on corn, Chinese sorghum, the crops for rotation of soybean, autumn stubble-cleaning simultaneously plough by the autumn, in case Only soil water evaporation, carries out in time the farming Measures on Soil Moisture Conservation that target, pressure, drag combine after early spring thaws, and levels land, in case Mechanical flat planting millet;If the ridge culture millet on the autumn ploughs, it is necessary to autumn ridging;

D, the sowing of millet and density of reserved seedlings

1st, seed sowing pre-treatment, method has：Screen, bask seeds, sorting seed by salt water, dressing seed;

1.1st, bask seeds, a few days ago select fair weather broadcasting, spread solarization out 1～2 day by seed-grain is very thin;Using solar ultraviolet The germ reduction disease killed on kind of skin occurs, and increases the activity of enzyme, improves germination percentage;

1.2nd, sort seed by salt water, will screening seed, with 15% saline rinse one time, pull not plump paddy out, by full seed-grain again With clean water 2 times, pull out and dry;

1.3rd, hot water treatment of seeds, hoted water treatment of seeds 10 minutes with 55 DEG C, the poliosis and dust-brand being attached on seed can be eliminated Germ;

1.4th, dressing seed

1.4.1, with 50% phoxim baythion missible oil 50g, 1.25 kilograms are watered and mix 15 kilograms of seed-grain, mix vexed kind 4 thoroughly little When, sow after drying, prevent and treat subterranean pest-insect;

1.4.2, with teacher's seedling coating agent for seed, per 100 kilograms of seeds with 167～200 milliliters, convert 1～4 times of water and puddle, Or defend good fortune with Shi Miaoyu and be used in mixed way, per 100 jin of seeds with 167～200 milliliters of teacher's seedling, 250 milliliters of Jia Weifu, convert 1 ～4 times of water are puddled, and prevent and treat subterranean pest-insect and smut；

2nd, sowing time, sow when the soil temperature of seeding layer stablizes more than 10 DEG C, in the first tenday period of a month in 4 middle of the month to May, It is exactly to sow after grain rains to be advisable；

3rd, application rate, 0.5 kilogram per mu, the viscous weight of soil, the serious appropriate increase application rate of spring drought；

4th, density of reserved seedlings, selects precocious, short-stalked variety, and per mu is stayed seedling to be 50000～55000 plants, and seeding method is：Line-spacing 40 Centimetre, two rows sky a line, i.e. the 40 of narrow row line-spacing centimetre are planted, 80 centimetres of wide row line-spacing can make full use of Dominance in border row, reach Farthest ventilation and penetrating light effect, and easy access, is easy to field management；There are two kinds per cave strain number, per three plants of cave, hill spacing 6 centimetres, 8 centimetres of four strain point distance of every cave；

E, fertilising

1st, the fertilising of base manure seed manure millet is based on base manure, topdress supplemented by, basal dressing based on farm manure, prior to seeding, knot Conjunction is ploughed or per mu of site preparation applies the farm manure for becoming thoroughly decomposed：3500 kgs/acre when spreading fertilizer over the fields, 2500 kgs/acre during row replacement, match somebody with somebody with phosphate fertilizer Close using effect more preferably, per mu is applied 15 kilograms of Diammonium phosphate (DAP);

2nd, topdress, urea 10kg/ mus are chased after after jointing, before booting, carry out once deep intertillage with reference to fertilising and hoe up weeds, intertillage depth 6～ 7cm；5 kgs/acre of urea is applied with reference to intertillage in boot stage, 8 kgs/acre of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer prevents late period de- fertilizer, intertillage 3～4cm of depth, does not hinder root, hoes up weeds and loosens the soil and high ridging, to promote increasing for root system and root amount, strengthens and absorbs liquid manure ability, prevents Only later stage lodging, also allows for draining and irrigation；

F, the field management of millet

6.1st, early thinning

Thinning during 4～5 leaf of millet, removes weak seedling, and discovery is short of seedling and to be reseeded in time；

6.2nd, middle weeding

Weeds in field is thoroughly removed, artificial weeding is carried out with reference to above-mentioned fertilising；

6.3rd, the florescence is to ripe period management

Mainly defencive function blade, prevents early ageing, improves setting percentage；Concrete measure is to spray foliage fertilizer, with dilution 700 times Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, per mu sprays 30 kilograms, if later stage plant performance nitrogen stress fertilizer, can be made into 700 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphates molten Liquid is sprayed together with 1～2% urea mixed solution；

G, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control

Millet later stage most disease and pest is leaf rust and chilotraea infuscatellus, corn borer；For leaf rust 12.5% leaf U.S. tebuconazole microemulsion 1500～2500 times of liquid, sprayed 1 time every 7～10 days, continuously prevented and treated 2～3 times, for chilotraea infuscatellus, corn borer are with 1500～3000 The spraying of times liquid chlorine Cyano chrysanthemate, every 7 days 1 time, continuous preventing and treating 2 times；

H, in good time results

Millet dough stage, harvests, and now millet lower blade turns yellow, and upper blade slightly band green, grain ear flavescence grain is hardened, Grain husk and bran all turn yellow；Prevent from harvesting quality decline too late.

It is an advantage of the current invention that：1st, this wide-narrow row planting mode, keeps original cm of line-spacing 40 constant, plants two rows Empty a line, can make full use of Dominance in border row, reach maximum ventilation and penetrating light effect, and per cave 3 or 4 plants, rational close planting, The cultivation management measure of system is equipped with simultaneously, reaches the effect of increasing both production and income, the various plants of the common plantation of per mu of ratio of this cropping pattern 15000 plants, with left and right, are significantly increased millet yield per unit area.It is shown in Table 1～2.2nd, method of operating is simple, as long as four casees are broadcast The machine of kind removes a middle Seeding box, sows by changing three or four seed trays into.This planting patterns is not only favorably divulged information saturating Light, and easy access, are easy to field management.3rd, both can overlay film, again can drip irrigation plantation.Both it had been adapted to single household's plantation, it is more suitable Close spread.4th, spacing in the rows is reduced per many plants of cave, increases hill spacing, enhance ventilation effect.Simultaneously three plants or four plants Grow together, root system is intertwining together, improve lodging tolerance.

The inventive method field test

1st, regional overview is tested：10 pieces of test sites are respectively in 5 pieces of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Chifeng City Wengniute Banner end of the bridge town, father-in-law 5 pieces of Newt flag the North point ground.

, experimental plot situation：10 pieces of totally 122 mu of experimental plot areas, experimental field front stubble is corn.

, crop varieties：The variety adoption red paddy 10 of local main varieties of plant.

Experiment 1：From adjacent plot, kind is identical, and base fertilizer is identical（Existing cropping pattern applies 15 kgs/acre of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), Cropping pattern of the present invention enriches 5 kgs/acre of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), and synchronously applies 1 kg/acre of bio-bacterial manure, other cultivation step phases Together, choosing sees which kind of cropping pattern yield height many plants of plantations and present mode plant.Bio-bacterial manure has for the huge biological group in Shandong Limit company produces.

Planting patterns of the present invention is wide-narrow row planting, narrow row 40cm, wide row 80cm, per 3 plants of cave, the cm of hill spacing 4～10, than Less with the output condition of spacing in the rows.

Compare as existing planting patterns, wait line-spacing 40cm, per 1 plant of cave, the cm of hill spacing 4.

The existing planting patterns of table 1 is tested from different hill spacing yield comparisons of the invention（End of the bridge town）

Testing site time	1	2	3	4	5	Average product
							The existing cropping pattern yield of CK（Kg/ mus）	434	416	405	423	415	418.6
4 centimetres of plot of hill spacing convert into yield（Kg/ mus）	452	472	434	427	429	442.8
							5 centimetres of plot of hill spacing convert into yield（Kg/ mus）	546	543	524	513	547	534.6
6 centimetres of plot of hill spacing convert into yield（Kg/ mus）	583	596	542	597	586	580.8
							7 centimetres of plot of hill spacing convert into yield（Kg/ mus）	530	524	507	522	514	519.4
8 centimetres of plot of hill spacing convert into yield（Kg/ mus）	496	492	502	511	508	501.8
							9 centimetres of plot of hill spacing convert into yield（Kg/ mus）	462	452	426	416	434	438
10 centimetres of plot of hill spacing convert into yield（Kg/ mus）	453	441	409	398	401	420.4

By Experimental comparison, the minimum 418.6 kg/ mus of existing planting patterns yield, planting patterns of the present invention is big ridge row spacing 80 centimetres, 40 centimetres of micro-ridge row spacing, 6 centimetres of yield highests of hill spacing, average product is 580.8kg/ mus.

Experiment 2：From adjacent plot, four plants of cave plantation, kind is identical, is red paddy 10.Water twice, base fertilizer is identical, 80 centimetres of wide row line width, other cultivation steps of 40 centimetres of narrow row line width, 4～10 centimetres of hill spacing are identical, and the increasing of which spacing in the rows is seen in choosing Produce effect good.The control line-spacing 40cm such as existing planting patterns, per 1 plant of cave, the cm of hill spacing 4.

The existing planting patterns of table 2 and different hill spacing yield comparisons of the invention（The North Fen Di towns）

Testing site time	1	2	3	4	5	Average product
							The existing cropping pattern yield of CK（Kg/ mus）	428	426	417	389	398	411.6
4 centimetres of plot of hill spacing convert into yield（Kg/ mus）	443	462	428	429	428	438
							5 centimetres of plot of hill spacing convert into yield（Kg/ mus）	467	492	437	440	466	460.4
6 centimetres of plot of hill spacing convert into yield（Kg/ mus）	502	496	502	497	486	496.6
							7 centimetres of plot of hill spacing convert into yield（Kg/ mus）	531	522	509	512	512	517.2
8 centimetres of plot of hill spacing convert into yield（Kg/ mus）	559	572	532	566	577	561.2
							9 centimetres of plot of hill spacing convert into yield（Kg/ mus）	523	554	503	543	549	534.4
10 centimetres of plot of hill spacing convert into yield（Kg/ mus）	49	521	500	497	514	416.2

By Experimental comparison, the existing planting patterns yield of control is minimum, 5 pieces of ground kg/ mus of average product 418.6, present invention plantation Mode, 80 centimetres of wide row line width, 40 centimetres of narrow row line width, four plants of cave plantation, 8 centimetres of millet yield highests of hill spacing are average to produce Measure as 561.2 kg/ mus.

The experiment by more than draws the following conclusions：Pattern of the present invention plants millet, 571 kgs/acre of average product.It is existing Cropping pattern millet, 415.1 kgs/acre of average product.Pattern of the present invention plants millet compared with existing cropping pattern millet, puts down Yield increases by 155.9 kgs/acre.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is existing planting patterns structural representation；

Fig. 2 is the embodiment of the present invention per 3 plants of cave planting patterns structural representation；

Fig. 3 is the embodiment of the present invention per 4 plants of cave planting patterns structural representation.

Specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the invention will be further described.

Can be seen by Fig. 1, existing planting patterns, line-spacing is mutually all 40cm or so, and spacing in the rows is 4cm or so, per 1 plant of cave.

The planting patterns of the present invention can be seen by Fig. 2, be wide-narrow row planting, narrow row 40cm, wide row 80cm, per 3 plants of cave, The cm of hill spacing 6.

The planting patterns of the present invention can be seen by Fig. 3, be wide-narrow row planting, narrow row 40cm, wide row 80cm, per 4 plants of cave, Hill spacing 8cm.

Embodiment

Test time, place, area：2015, the ever victorious village in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Chifeng City Wengniute Banner end of the bridge town north, 41 Mu.

Weather conditions：During fertility（The 5-9 months）7th, August rainfall is more, 18.5 DEG C of monthly mean temperature, Month average rainfall 59.3mm。

, select breeding

From high yield, meter Zhi Hao, drought resisting is barren-resistant, the red paddy 10 of the good millet variety of disease resistance.

, selection of land crop rotation

Crop rotation method：：Corn-millet-wheat;

C, seedbed preparation

Choose fine site preparation behind plot, autumn ploughs with reference to stubble-cleaning, spring broadcast before rake the soil level, make prepartion of land；

D, the sowing of millet and density of reserved seedlings

1st, seed sowing pre-treatment

1.1st, to bask seeds and spread solarization out 1～2 day by seed-grain is very thin before broadcasting;

1.2nd, sort seed by salt water will screening seed, with 15% saline rinse one time, pull not plump paddy out, by full seed-grain again With clean water 2 times, pull out and dry;

1.3rd, hot water treatment of seeds and hoted water treatment of seeds 10 minutes with 55 DEG C, the poliosis and dust-brand being attached on seed can be eliminated Germ;

1.4th, dressing seed

1.4.1, with 50% phoxim baythion missible oil 50g, 1.25 kilograms are watered and mix 15 kilograms of seed-grain, mix vexed kind 4 thoroughly little When, sow after drying, prevent and treat subterranean pest-insect;

1.4.2, with teacher's seedling coating agent for seed, per 100 kilograms of seeds with 167～200 milliliters, convert 1～4 times of water and puddle,

2nd, May 2 sowing time；

3rd, application rate, 0.5 kilogram per mu；

4th, density of reserved seedlings, per mu at 52000～55000 plants, 40 centimetres of line-spacing plants two rows sky a line, per three plants of cave strain number, cave Away from 6 centimetres；；

E, fertilising

1st, prior to seeding, per mu applies the farm manure for becoming thoroughly decomposed：3500 kgs/acre are spread fertilizer over the fields, per mu is applied 15 kilograms of Diammonium phosphate (DAP);

2nd, topdress, urea 10kg/ mus are chased after after jointing, before booting, carry out once deep intertillage with reference to fertilising and hoe up weeds, intertillage depth 6～ 7cm；5 kgs/acre of urea is applied with reference to intertillage in boot stage, 8 kgs/acre of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is ploughed shallowly, 3～4cm of depth, no Hinder root, hoe up weeds and loosen the soil and high ridging；

F, the field management of millet

6.1 thinnings

4～5 leaf thinnings, pull out weak seedling, if it find that be short of seedling to reseed in time；

6.2nd, middle weeding

Weeds in field is thoroughly removed, is carried out with reference to above-mentioned fertilising in artificial weeding；

6.3rd, the florescence is to ripe period management

Foliage fertilizer is sprayed, with 700 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate of dilution, per mu sprays 30 kilograms；

G, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control

Millet later stage most disease and pest is leaf rust and chilotraea infuscatellus, corn borer；For leaf rust 12.5% leaf U.S. tebuconazole microemulsion 2000 times of liquid, every 7 days 1 time, continuous preventing and treating 3 times, for chilotraea infuscatellus, corn borer are sprayed with 2000 times of liquid chlorine Cyano chrysanthemates, every 7 days 1 It is secondary, continuous preventing and treating 2 times；

H, in good time results

Harvest in dough stage, now millet lower blade turns yellow, upper blade slightly band green, grain ear flavescence grain is hardened, grain husk And bran all turns yellow.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of millet two is than empty many plants of planting culture methods, it is characterised in that：It is made up of following steps：

A, select breeding

According to ecological condition reasonable selection kind, high-quality, the high-yield variety adapted in this area plantation is authorized in selection, is being selected During kind, focus on the quality of kind, yield, Mid-late ripening, be suitable to dense planting, disease resistance feature；

B, selection of land crop rotation

The soil is porous for selection, and physical features is flat, and mollic is thicker, and draining is good, and the high plot of soil organic matter content, millet is unsuitable Continuous cropping, meet stubble;Efficent rotation had not only been increase soil fertility but also can reduce the generation of disease, and crop rotation method has：Corn-millet- Wheat；Soybean-Chinese sorghum-millet；Soybean-millet-wheat;

C, seedbed preparation

Fine site preparation behind plot is chosen, millet is sowed on corn, Chinese sorghum, the crops for rotation of soybean, autumn stubble-cleaning simultaneously plough by the autumn, in case Only soil water evaporation, carries out in time the farming Measures on Soil Moisture Conservation that target, pressure, drag combine after early spring thaws, and levels land, in case Mechanical flat planting millet;If the ridge culture millet on the autumn ploughs, must autumn ridging;

D, the sowing of millet and density of reserved seedlings

1st, seed sowing pre-treatment, method has：Screen, bask seeds, sorting seed by salt water, dressing seed;

1.1st, bask seeds, a few days ago select fair weather broadcasting, spread solarization out 1～2 day by seed-grain is very thin;Using solar ultraviolet The germ reduction disease killed on kind of skin occurs, and increases the activity of enzyme, improves germination percentage;

1.2nd, sort seed by salt water, will screening seed, with 15% saline rinse one time, pull not plump paddy out, by full seed-grain again With clean water 2 times, pull out and dry;

1.3rd, hot water treatment of seeds, hoted water treatment of seeds 10 minutes with 55 DEG C, the poliosis and dust-brand being attached on seed can be eliminated Germ;

1.4th, dressing seed

1.4.1, with 50% phoxim baythion missible oil 50g, 1.25 kilograms are watered and mix 15 kilograms of seed-grain, mix vexed kind 4 thoroughly little When, sow after drying, prevent and treat subterranean pest-insect;

1.4.2, with teacher's seedling coating agent for seed, per 100 kilograms of seeds with 167～200 milliliters, convert 1～4 times of water and puddle, Or defend good fortune with Shi Miaoyu and be used in mixed way, per 100 jin of seeds with 167～200 milliliters of teacher's seedling, 250 milliliters of Jia Weifu, convert 1 ～4 times of water are puddled, and prevent and treat subterranean pest-insect and smut；

2nd, sowing time, sow when the soil temperature of seeding layer stablizes more than 10 DEG C, in the first tenday period of a month in 4 middle of the month to May；

3rd, application rate, 0.5 kilogram per mu；

4th, density of reserved seedlings, selects precocious, short-stalked variety, and per mu is stayed 50000～55000 plants of the seedling, seeding method to be：40 lis of line-spacing Rice, it is 40 centimetres, 80 centimetres of wide row line-spacing to plant two rows sky a line, i.e. narrow row line-spacing；There are two kinds per cave strain number：Per three plants of cave, 6 centimetres of hill spacing；Per four plants of cave, 8 centimetres of hill spacing；

E, fertilising

1st, the fertilising of base manure seed manure millet is based on base manure, topdress supplemented by, basal dressing based on farm manure, prior to seeding, knot Conjunction is ploughed or per mu of site preparation applies the farm manure for becoming thoroughly decomposed：3500 kgs/acre when spreading fertilizer over the fields, 2500 kgs/acre during row replacement, match somebody with somebody with phosphate fertilizer Close using effect more preferably, per mu is applied 15 kilograms of Diammonium phosphate (DAP);

2nd, topdress, urea 10kg/ mus are imposed after jointing, before booting, carry out once deep intertillage with reference to fertilising and hoe up weeds, intertill depth 6 ～7cm；5 kgs/acre of urea is applied with reference to intertillage in boot stage, 8 kgs/acre of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer prevents late period de- fertilizer, in Tilling depth 3～4cm of degree；

F, the field management of millet

6.1st, early thinning

Thinning during 4～5 leaf of millet, removes weak seedling, and discovery is short of seedling and to be reseeded in time；

6.2nd, middle weeding

Weeds in field is thoroughly removed, artificial weeding is carried out with reference to above-mentioned fertilising；

6.3rd, the florescence is to ripe period management

Defencive function blade, prevents early ageing, improves setting percentage；Concrete measure is to spray foliage fertilizer, with 700 times of di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate of dilution Hydrogen potassium solution, per mu sprays 30 kilograms, if later stage plant performance nitrogen stress fertilizer, can be made into 700 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphates and 1～ 2% urea mixed solution is sprayed together；

G, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control

Millet later stage most disease and pest is leaf rust and chilotraea infuscatellus, corn borer；For leaf rust 12.5% leaf U.S. tebuconazole microemulsion 1500～2500 times of liquid, sprayed 1 time every 7～10 days, continuously prevented and treated 2～3 times, for chilotraea infuscatellus, corn borer are with 1500～3000 The spraying of times liquid chlorine Cyano chrysanthemate, every 7 days 1 time, continuous preventing and treating 2 times；

H, in good time results

Millet dough stage, harvests, and now millet lower blade turns yellow, and upper blade slightly band green, grain ear flavescence grain is hardened, Grain husk and bran all turn yellow；Prevent from harvesting quality decline too late.