CN1041499C - 用于铣削刀具的切削刀片 - Google Patents

用于铣削刀具的切削刀片 Download PDF

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CN1041499C
CN1041499C CN93118824A CN93118824A CN1041499C CN 1041499 C CN1041499 C CN 1041499C CN 93118824 A CN93118824 A CN 93118824A CN 93118824 A CN93118824 A CN 93118824A CN 1041499 C CN1041499 C CN 1041499C
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CN1087566A (zh
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A·萨特兰
C·施米洛维奇
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Iscar Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/202—Plate-like cutting inserts with special form
    • B23C5/205—Plate-like cutting inserts with special form characterised by chip-breakers of special form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/202—Plate-like cutting inserts with special form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/22—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/2204—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts with cutting inserts clamped against the walls of the recess in the cutter body by a clamping member acting upon the wall of a hole in the insert
    • B23C5/2208—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts with cutting inserts clamped against the walls of the recess in the cutter body by a clamping member acting upon the wall of a hole in the insert for plate-like cutting inserts 
    • B23C5/2213—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts with cutting inserts clamped against the walls of the recess in the cutter body by a clamping member acting upon the wall of a hole in the insert for plate-like cutting inserts  having a special shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2200/00—Details of milling cutting inserts
    • B23C2200/08—Rake or top surfaces
    • B23C2200/085—Rake or top surfaces discontinuous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2200/00—Details of milling cutting inserts
    • B23C2200/12—Side or flank surfaces
    • B23C2200/125—Side or flank surfaces discontinuous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2200/00—Details of milling cutting inserts
    • B23C2200/20—Top or side views of the cutting edge
    • B23C2200/206—Cutting edges having a wave-form
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/19—Rotary cutting tool
    • Y10T407/1906—Rotary cutting tool including holder [i.e., head] having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/1934—Rotary cutting tool including holder [i.e., head] having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder
    • Y10T407/1936—Apertured tool
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/23—Cutters, for shaping including tool having plural alternatively usable cutting edges
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/23—Cutters, for shaping including tool having plural alternatively usable cutting edges
    • Y10T407/235—Cutters, for shaping including tool having plural alternatively usable cutting edges with integral chip breaker, guide or deflector

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)
  • Shovels (AREA)
  • Turning (AREA)
  • Food-Manufacturing Devices (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Joining Of Corner Units Of Frames Or Wings (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Dowels (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于铣削刀具的刀片，该刀片至少具有一个包括第一、第二和第三接续的分切削刃的主切削刃，每个第二分切削刃基本上与所述的孔同广阔，并且其长度大于第一和第三分切削刃各自的长度，该第二分切削刃相对于切削刀具的旋转轴线限定了一个轴向前角，该轴向前角小于所述第一和第三分切削刃相对于切削刀具的旋转轴线各自所限定的轴向前角。

Description

用于铣削刀具的切削刀片
本发明涉及一种可更换的硬质合金切削刀片，它用于一个具有刀体的旋转式铣削刀具中。所说的刀体具有一个或多个周边凹槽，相应数量的刀片分别可拆卸地安装在所说的凹槽中。每个凹槽进一步在每个刀片的前边提供一个排屑空间。
人们已知，在铣削过程中，切削刃的长度直接和铣削刀具与工件引发的振动以及完成切削所需能量相关。这种振动导致所谓的“振颤”，换句话说，随着切削刃的长度的增加，“振颤”增加。
由所形成的金属屑产生的作用于切削刀片、特别是作用于其切削前面上的作用力导致了所述的振动及随之产生“振颤”，并且金属屑越宽作用力越大。由于要减小所述的振动以及“振颤”，人们利用一种镶有切削刃较短的刀片的铣刀，这些刀片相对于刀具的刀体以及彼此之间这样定向，即，使得接续的切削刀片的切削刃的切削轨迹相重迭。用这种方法，使每一个相对短的切削刃产生相对窄的金属屑，那些接续的切削刀片的切削刃之间的搭接确保获得相对平滑的铣削。
然而在实践中，这种作法效果不大，因为那些精确设计的刀片需要在刀具的刀体上相对于刀体预先准确地定位。
欧洲专利申请No．0480576(以下简称“在先说明书”)揭示了一种新的用于铣削刀具的改进型刀片，这种刀片应用于铣削刀具中自身能达到所需的减少“振颤”的效果。现将该在先说明书的内容结合于此并将在以后的叙述中涉及。
在先说明书提供了一种用于旋转式铣削刀具的切削刀片，该刀片具有一个在切削前面和后面之间限定的切削刃以及一个在该后面和底平面之间限定的底棱。所说的切削刃包括若干接续的分切削刃和若干分别位于这些接续分切削刃之间的过渡刃，每个分切削刃分别具有起始端和尾端。每个分切削刃的尾端通过一个过渡刃与其后续的分切削刃的起始端相连接，该过渡刃从该分切削刃的尾端指向所述的底棱。每根通过一个分切削刃尾端的、与铣削刀具的旋转轴线相垂直的法线与相接续的分切削刃相交，这样，在铣削加工时，这些接续的分切削刃相互重迭。
使用上述这样的切削刀片，由于所述的分切削刃非常短，由这些短切削刃所产生的金属屑引起的作用于削刀片上的作用力相对较小，因此，振动的程度也最小。这样，由于这些分切削刃的相对位置使得相邻的接续的分切削刃在一定程度上彼此重迭，因而确保了所形成的有效分离的金属屑的宽度相对较窄。
已经发现，这种刀片和分切削刃的具体分布(即当该刀片安装在铣刀刀具上时分切削刃的相对长度以及轴向前角)与该刀片的强度直接相关。特别是经常需要在刀片中心配置一夹紧孔，而该孔使所述刀片产生一个薄弱的区域。
本发明的目的是提供一种新的改进的切削刀片，该刀片的机械强度得到增强。
本发明提供了一种基本为平行六面体形状的用于一种旋转式铣刀的切削刀片；该刀片具有一个上部前面和一个其中心配置了一个夹紧孔的底平面，该刀片具有一对基本上平行的主切削刃和一对相对于上述主切削刃横向配置的基本上平行的辅助切削刃，每一个主切削刃被限定在一个相邻的前面和后面之间，每一个后面与所述的底平面限定了一个底棱；
其改进之处在于：
每个主切削刃包括第一、第二和第三个接续的分切削刃，每个第二分切削刃基本上与所述孔同广阔，其长度大于第一和第三分切削刃各自的长度，上述第二分切削刃相对于切削刀具的旋转轴线限定了一个轴向前角，该轴向前角小于第一和第三分切削刃相对于所述旋转轴线各自所限定的轴向前角；所述每个分切削刃各自具有起始端和尾端，分切削刃的尾端分别通过一个过渡刃而与接续的分切削刃的起始端相连，所述过渡刃从所述分切削刃的尾端指向所述的底棱；每根通过分切削刃的尾端的、与切削刀具的旋转轴线相垂直的法线与接续的分切削刃相交，从而在铣削加工时，这些接续的分切削刃相互搭接。
根据本发明所述刀片的三个接续的分切削刃的有关长度和轴向前角的独特选择，可确保刀片在其配置有夹紧孔的区域上机械强度得到增强。
本发明优选的方案是，与相应的分切削刃相关的前切削面、后切削面和棱面这样定向，即，在沿着各个分切削刃的对应位置上，相对于铣削刀具而限定的该刀片的前角、后角以及棱面角是基本相等的。
现在结合附图叙述本发明所述的用在旋转式铣刀上的硬质合金切削刀片的一个实施例。
图1是本发明所述切削刀片的立体图；
图2是图1所示刀片的侧视图。
如附图所示，刀片1基本上为平行六面体形状，该刀片具有上部前面2和一个底平面3，并且配置有直径为d的中心夹紧孔1a。该刀片1还具有大小与在先专利说明书所叙述及所图示的相同的后面4。然而本发明所述的刀片在一对相对的主后面和与它们相邻的切削前面之间限定了一对切削刃5，每个切削刃5包括三个接续的分别与各个切削前面相联系的分切削刃5a、5b和5c。
正如在先专利说明书所描述的那样，前切削刃5a在其端部通过一个向刀具1底部3倾斜的过渡刃6与后续的分切削刃5b连接。同样地，切削刃5b通过一个也向刀具1底部3向下倾斜的过渡刃7与后续切削刃5c相接。
上述刀片如在先专利说明书的图5所述，安装在具有一个柱形刀体的旋转式铣刀中，该刀片的底面相对于切削刀具的旋转中心轴线具有正轴向前角α。
对于图1和较2所示的刀片来说，在铣削过程中，切削刃5a和5b有效地重迭，切削刃5b和5c也是如此。当然，这与在先专利说明书图5所叙述的刀片相同。
每一个后面4包括三个上部后面4a、4b和4c，这些后面4a、4b和4c分别在它们与相邻的前面2a、2b和2c之间限定了各个切削刃5a、5b和5c。每一个后面进一步具有一个沿切削刀片整个长度延伸的处于较低位置的平面状的后面4d。
此外，如在先说明书所述，为了获得最佳切削条件，各个后面4a、4b和4c和切削前面2a、2b和2c彼此这样配置，以致在沿这些分切削刃的对应位置上的各后角及切削前角相等。因此，举例来说，在每一个分切削刃的中点上，这些角度条件被满足。因此，这些分后面彼此以一定角度配置，并且与平面状后面4d以一定角度配置。
可供替换的是，如在先专利说明书所述，每个分切削刃和后面4a、4b、4c和2a、2b、2c可以做成弧形，以确保沿着一个特定的分切削刃的整个长度后角和切削前角基本保持不变。确保所述弧形所采取的具体的方式已在待审批的美国专利申请5052863、5071292和5078550号中描述。
前后切削刃5a和5c基本上与刀片1的底面3相平行，当装在刀具中时，它们将呈现相对大的正轴向前角，而这正如所公知的那样，对于刀片进入和脱离工件的那些区域来说是很有利的。另一方面，当装在刀具中时，中间切削刃5b则将呈现出一个显著较小的(甚至是负的)轴向前角。
正象能够看到的那样，中间切削刃5b的长度显著地比相邻的切削刃5a和5c中任一个的长度都长(最好切削刃5b的长度为切削刃5a和5c的长度之和)。此外，中间切削刃5b基本上与孔1a同广阔，因此，它优选的长度为至少与d相等。这样包括孔1a，因而是刀片1潜在的薄弱区域的刀片1的中央区域是通过使相关切削刃5c的正轴向前角减小甚至为负轴向前角以抵抗过度的断裂应力而受到保护。
可以理解，前、后切削刃5a和5c不必一定是彼此平行的或一定与刀片的底部平行。所需要的是中间切削刃5b具有显著比前、后切削刃5a和5c小的正轴向前角。同样地，中间切削刃5b的长度也不一定要与切削刃5a和5c的长度之和相等，所需要的是，切削刃5b的长度(该切削刃5b基本上与孔1a同广阔)基本上大于切削刃5a和5c中任一个的长度。
尽管本发明参照平行六面体形状的铣刀切削刀片进行了具体的描述，该形状的刀片有四个侧面和若干相关联的切削刃，但受此启发，很容易想到本发明所述的切削刀片同样可采用其它形状，如三角形。同样地，刀片可以采用例如长方形的刀片，在长方形的刀片中，分切削刃在刀片的一对相对侧面形成。

Claims (5)

1．一种基本为平行六面体形状的用于一种旋转式铣刀的切削刀片，该刀片具有一个上部前面和一个其中心配置了一个夹紧孔的底平面，该刀片具有一对基本上平行的主切削刃和一对相对于上述主切削刃横向配置的基本上平行的辅助切削刃，每一个主切削刃被限定在一个相邻的前面和后面之间，每一个后面与所述的底平面限定了一个底棱；
其特征在于，
每个主切削刃(5)包括第一、第二和第三个接续的分切削刃(5a，5b，5c)，每个第二分切削刃(5b)基本上与所述孔(1a)同广阔，其长度大于第一和第三分削刃(5a，5c)各自的长度，上述第二分切削刃(5b)相对于切削刀具的旋转轴线限定了一个轴向前角，该轴向前角小于第一和第三分切削刃相对于所述旋转轴线各自所限定的轴向前角；所述每个分切削刃(5a，5b，5c)各自具有起始端和尾端，分切削刃(5a，5b)的尾端分别通过一个过渡刃(6，7)而与接续的分切削刃(5b，5c)的起始端相连，所述过渡刃(6、7)从所述分切削刃(5a，5b)的尾端指向所述底棱(3)，每根通过分切削刃(5a，5b)的尾端的、与切削刀具的旋转轴线相垂直的法线与接续的分切削刃(5b，5c)相交，从而铣削加工时这些接续的分切削刃(5a，5b，5c)相互搭接。
2．一种按照权利要求1所述的刀片，其特征在于，所述的分切削刃(5a，5b，5c)分别与分后面(4a，4b，4c)相关联，上述分后面(4a，4b，4c)彼此这样配置，即，使得在接续的分后面(4a，4b，4c)上的对应位置上相对于铣削刀具所限定的刀片侧后角基本相等。
3．一种按照权利要求2所述的刀片，其特征在于，所述的后面(4)包括一个上部(4a，4b，4c)和一个下部(4d)，该上部包括所述分后面(4a，4b，4c)，该下部(4d)基本为平面状。
4．一种按照权利要求1，2或3中的任一权利要求所述的刀片，其特征在于，所述的分切削刃(5a，5b，5c)分别与分切削前面(2a，2b，2c)相关联，上述分切削前面彼此这样配置，即，使得在接续的分切削前面上的对应位置上相对于铣削刀具所限定的刀片切削前角基本相等。
5．一种按照权利要求4所述的刀片，其特征在于，各分后面(4a，4b，4c)和各切削前面(2a，2b，2c)分另以曲面连续起来，以使刀片相对于切削刀具而限定的前角、后角沿着分切削刃(5a，5b，5c)的长度基本保持不变。
CN93118824A 1992-09-03 1993-09-01 用于铣削刀具的切削刀片 Expired - Fee Related CN1041499C (zh)

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US07/940,083 US5232319A (en) 1990-10-25 1992-09-03 Insert for a milling cutter
US940,083 1992-09-03

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CN1087566A CN1087566A (zh) 1994-06-08
CN1041499C true CN1041499C (zh) 1999-01-06

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US7806634B2 (en) 2003-10-15 2010-10-05 Tdy Industries, Inc. Cutting insert for high feed face milling, and milling cutter tool including same
US7905687B2 (en) 2007-01-16 2011-03-15 Tdy Industries, Inc. Cutting insert, tool holder, and related method
US7905689B2 (en) 2008-05-07 2011-03-15 Tdy Industries, Inc. Cutting tool system, cutting insert, and tool holder
US7976250B2 (en) 2009-02-12 2011-07-12 Tdy Industries, Inc. Double-sided cutting inserts for high feed milling
US8491234B2 (en) 2009-02-12 2013-07-23 TDY Industries, LLC Double-sided cutting inserts for high feed milling
US8807884B2 (en) 2009-12-18 2014-08-19 Kennametal Inc. Tool holder for multiple differently-shaped cutting inserts
US9011049B2 (en) 2012-09-25 2015-04-21 Kennametal Inc. Double-sided cutting inserts with anti-rotation features
US9283626B2 (en) 2012-09-25 2016-03-15 Kennametal Inc. Double-sided cutting inserts with anti-rotation features
US9586264B2 (en) 2009-04-28 2017-03-07 Kennametal Inc. Double-sided cutting insert for drilling tool

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KR100576320B1 (ko) * 2004-11-19 2006-05-03 한국야금 주식회사 절삭 인서트
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SE529068C2 (sv) * 2005-09-28 2007-04-24 Seco Tools Ab Frässkär och fräsverktyg
PL2280796T3 (pl) * 2008-04-14 2019-07-31 Taegutec Ltd. Wymienna wkładka skrawająca
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WO2012057173A1 (ja) * 2010-10-27 2012-05-03 富士重工業株式会社 フライス加工用インサート及びフライス加工用刃先交換式回転切削工具
KR101239036B1 (ko) 2011-01-17 2013-03-04 대구텍 유한회사 직각 가공용 절삭 인서트 및 이를 구비한 밀링 커터
EP2734328B1 (en) * 2011-07-22 2018-03-07 Kennametal India Limited An indexable drill insert
DE102012014092B4 (de) 2011-07-22 2020-12-17 Kennametal India Ltd. Indexierbarer Bohreinsatz sowie Bohrkörper mit indexierbarem Bohreinsatz
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US10035198B2 (en) * 2011-11-15 2018-07-31 Kennametal Inc. Double-sided, indexable cutting insert with ramping capability and cutting tool therefor
CN103447591B (zh) 2012-05-28 2020-02-28 钴碳化钨硬质合金印度有限公司 四角形的可转位的钻头镶片
DE112014000529B4 (de) 2013-01-23 2023-04-06 Kennametal India Limited Wendeschneidplatte sowie bohrer und bohrkörer mit einer solchen wendeschneidplatte
KR101519747B1 (ko) 2013-12-09 2015-05-12 한국야금 주식회사 인덱서블 드릴용 절삭인서트
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JP6223316B2 (ja) * 2014-11-13 2017-11-01 ジヤトコ株式会社 切削装置
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JP6940832B1 (ja) * 2020-09-07 2021-09-29 株式会社タンガロイ 転削工具

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8821080B2 (en) 2003-10-15 2014-09-02 Kennametal Inc. Cutting insert for high feed face milling
US8444352B2 (en) 2003-10-15 2013-05-21 TDY Industries, LLC Cutting insert for high feed face milling
US9446460B2 (en) 2003-10-15 2016-09-20 Kennametal Inc. Cutting insert for high feed face milling
US7806634B2 (en) 2003-10-15 2010-10-05 Tdy Industries, Inc. Cutting insert for high feed face milling, and milling cutter tool including same
US7988387B2 (en) 2003-10-15 2011-08-02 Tdy Industries, Inc. Cutting insert for high feed face milling
US8162572B2 (en) 2003-10-15 2012-04-24 TDY Industries, LLC Cutting insert for high feed face milling
US7905687B2 (en) 2007-01-16 2011-03-15 Tdy Industries, Inc. Cutting insert, tool holder, and related method
US7905689B2 (en) 2008-05-07 2011-03-15 Tdy Industries, Inc. Cutting tool system, cutting insert, and tool holder
US8491234B2 (en) 2009-02-12 2013-07-23 TDY Industries, LLC Double-sided cutting inserts for high feed milling
US7976250B2 (en) 2009-02-12 2011-07-12 Tdy Industries, Inc. Double-sided cutting inserts for high feed milling
US9586264B2 (en) 2009-04-28 2017-03-07 Kennametal Inc. Double-sided cutting insert for drilling tool
US8807884B2 (en) 2009-12-18 2014-08-19 Kennametal Inc. Tool holder for multiple differently-shaped cutting inserts
US9011049B2 (en) 2012-09-25 2015-04-21 Kennametal Inc. Double-sided cutting inserts with anti-rotation features
US9283626B2 (en) 2012-09-25 2016-03-15 Kennametal Inc. Double-sided cutting inserts with anti-rotation features

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69305812D1 (de) 1996-12-12
IL106536A (en) 1996-03-31
JPH06190623A (ja) 1994-07-12
US5232319A (en) 1993-08-03
CZ174093A3 (en) 1994-04-13
ZA936481B (en) 1994-03-25
CA2105432A1 (en) 1994-03-04
EP0585871A1 (en) 1994-03-09
PL300195A1 (en) 1994-03-07
KR100289094B1 (ko) 2001-05-02
CZ284199B6 (cs) 1998-09-16
KR940006672A (ko) 1994-04-25
CN1087566A (zh) 1994-06-08
HU9302359D0 (en) 1993-10-28
CZ181893A3 (en) 1995-02-15
ATE144932T1 (de) 1996-11-15
AU4481693A (en) 1994-03-10
RU2070482C1 (ru) 1996-12-20
HU214993B (hu) 1998-08-28
JP3503072B2 (ja) 2004-03-02
BR9303629A (pt) 1994-03-22
PL172128B1 (pl) 1997-08-29
SK92893A3 (en) 1994-09-07
HUT68660A (en) 1995-07-28
TW231277B (en) 1994-10-01
AU655122B2 (en) 1994-12-01
IL106536A0 (en) 1993-11-15
DE69305812T2 (de) 1997-05-28
CA2105432C (en) 2001-04-10
MX9305380A (es) 1994-05-31
ES2094434T3 (es) 1997-01-16
EP0585871B1 (en) 1996-11-06

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