CN103688836A - Manufacturing method of soilless seedling breeding matrix special for strawberries - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of soilless seedling breeding matrix special for strawberries Download PDFInfo
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- CN103688836A CN103688836A CN201310709262.0A CN201310709262A CN103688836A CN 103688836 A CN103688836 A CN 103688836A CN 201310709262 A CN201310709262 A CN 201310709262A CN 103688836 A CN103688836 A CN 103688836A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a manufacturing method of a soilless seedling breeding matrix special for strawberries and belongs to the technical field of strawberry cultivation. The matrix comprises ethyl alcohol biogas residue and straw powder mixed fermentation material 3-5 parts, coconut shell powder base stock 1-3 parts, carbonized rice hull powder or coal residue powder 1-2 parts, perlite 0.5-1 part and vermiculite 1-2 parts. In addition, 0.1-0.5% of total weight of compound fertilizer is added. The manufacturing method comprises the steps of raw and auxiliary material collection and processing, raw material preparation, organic material compositing and fermentation and adding of coconut shell powder and other auxiliary materials. The produced soilless seedling breeding matrix special for the strawberries is fluffy in texture, rich in nutrient content, high in organic content, non-toxic, harmless and free of weed seeds, contains beneficial microbial flora, can improve the disease resistance of strawberry plants and can be widely applied to groove cultivation, bag cultivation and other soilless cultivations of the strawberries.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of matrix, particularly relate to a kind of preparation method without the numerous seedling matrix of soil of strawberry special use, belong to cultivated strawberry technical field.
Background technology
Strawberry is rose family herbaceos perennial, the about 30cm of plant height left and right, and fibrous root, distributes shallow.At present, China strawberry is most of adopts the cultivation of soil ridging, thereby soil-borne disease and continuous cropping obstacle become the bottleneck of strawberry development, and transition medication, can affect strawberry quality.Promote protection ground soilless culture; overcoming soil-borne disease insect pest and continuous cropping obstacle, reducing pesticide dosage, producing the aspects such as nuisanceless fruit and there is the unrivaled superiority of soil cultivation; the commodity rate of strawberry fruit can be greatly improved, high yield, high-quality and efficient can be realized.
Breeding of strawberry seedling is the key link of cultivated strawberry success or not, and breeding the virus-free strawberry seedling of healthy high-quality is the common objective of the strawberry unit of growing seedlings and peasant household.Traditional strawberry seedling is mainly taked comparatively simple extensive naked seedling-cultivating method of open country, there are many disadvantages in it, fine quality-" the red cheek " that Japan introduces etc. has the shortcomings such as easy infection anthracnose, under naked rearing condition of conventional open country, the rate of catching an illness is even up to 100%, and seedling death phenomenon is very serious.Adopt soilless substrate cave to coil numerous seedling technology, can effectively cut off the route of transmission of sprout term disease, the diseased plant rate of control anthracnose etc., planting percent is high, and Seedling Quality is good.The special-purpose numerous seedling matrix of strawberry that numerous seedling needs high-quality is coiled in soilless substrate cave.2011.11.30 Chinese patent CN102257948 A discloses the < < of academy of agricultural sciences, Hangzhou for the patent application of the composite interstitial substance > > of strawberry soilless-cultivated seedling, and specifically discloses this matrix and be comprised of peat, rice chaff ash, brick grain.Mono-kind of the disclosed < < of Chinese patent CN103039336 A on April 17th, 2013 produces the strawberry seedling medium that to specifically disclose containing selenium oil cake of flax seed, decomposed cow dung, rice husk and river sand in the seedling medium > > Patent Application Publication of organic Se-rich strawberry be raw material.
In sum, existing domestic strawberry seedling medium is mainly usingd peat, rice chaff ash, brick grain, oil cake of flax seed and animal wastes etc. as base starting material.Yet peat originates in northeast, resource is tight, can not regenerate, and the enterprise in Jiangsu is used peat cost very high; Oil cake of flax seed regionality is very strong, and Jiangsu does not have; Although animal wastes are nutritious, exist quantity few, collect the deficiencies such as difficulty, be difficult to meet the needs of factory culture.And there are a large amount of alcohol slags and coconut palm chaff in domestic and international alcoholic extraction enterprise and coconut milk manufacturing enterprise, its content of organic matter is abundanter, but utilize approach, is not very extensive, and there are a large amount of stalks in rural area; Literature search is found, domestic alcohol slag, coconut palm chaff, the stalk of utilizing produced vegetables, stock growing and seedling medium and had been reported, and take the special-purpose numerous seedling matrix of strawberry and the preparation method that alcohol slag, powder of straw and coconut palm chaff powder be main material production, the domestic relevant report that there is not yet.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art, it is primary raw material that a kind of mixed culture fermentation material and coconut shell flour of take alcohol natural pond slag and powder of straw is provided, and makes nutrient abundant, the special-purpose technical scheme without native numerous seedling substraturn approach of strawberry that physicochemical property is good.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in the following ways:
The special-purpose preparation method without native numerous seedling matrix of a kind of strawberry, matrix is comprised of mixed material, coconut palm chaff powder base-material, carbonization rice husk powder or cinder powder, vermiculite and the perlite of alcohol natural pond slag and powder of straw, described coconut shell flour base-material is domestic or import coconut palm chaff is processed the moistening material of processing through water soaking, water content 50-75%, particle diameter 1-6 millimeter; Described alcohol natural pond slag is that cassava raw material extracts the offcuts after alcohol, then the residue forming after anaerobic fermentation produces biogas; Described powder of straw is the agricultural crop straw through pulverizing processing, granularity 1-5mm, water content 55-65%; Described carbonization rice husk powder is the ashes that stay after the combusting rice hull carbonization granule materials through pulverizing, sieving, particle diameter 0.5-2mm; Described cinder powder is the granule materials of the slag that produces of industry or Domestic coal stove through pulverizing, sieving, particle diameter 0.5-3mm.
The method is first carried out fermentation maturity processing to alcohol natural pond slag and the employing of powder of straw compound containing beneficial microorganism high temperature quick rotting agent, add again coconut palm chaff powder base-material, carbonization rice husk powder or cinder powder, perlite, these raw and auxiliary materials of vermiculite carry out mixed preparing, concrete operation step is as follows:
1) collection of raw and auxiliary material and processing: collecting organic waste alcohol natural pond slag, agricultural crop straw and coconut palm chaff is primary raw material, and carry out respectively airing, pulverizing, water suction processing; Collect carbonization rice husk or cinder powder, vermiculite, perlite as auxiliary material.
2) parts by volume composition of raw materials is:
Mixed culture fermentation material 3-5 part of alcohol natural pond slag and powder of straw, coconut shell flour base-material 1-3 part, carbonization rice husk powder or cinder powder 1-2 part, perlite 0.5-1 part, vermiculite 1-2 part, the 15-15-15 nitrogen phosphorus potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium of adding in addition gross weight 0.1-0.5%.
3) organic materials fermentation reactor system:
1. adjust physical and chemical index: fermentation product, when pretreatment, must be adjusted into the physical and chemical index of organic materials: pH5-7.5, C/N30-40:1, EC value 3-4.5, water content 60-75%;
2. feed intake and build heap: first the organic materials alcohol natural pond slag in above-mentioned raw materials, powder of straw are dropped into fermentation reactor system in fermentation tank, stack degree of depth 1-1.5m; Or be placed directly in heap on the cement fermentation place of sunlight board lew and make wide 1-3m, high 0.8-1.2m, the heap of length 5-50m carries out fermentation maturity processing; The fermentation reactor system time is 15-60 days; Described fermentation flute length 50-150m, wide 5-6m, high 1.3-1.6m, bottom land is the concrete floor of 10-20cm thickness, groove wall is the brick wall of 24-50cm thickness; Described sunlight board lew is steel structure framework, the sunlight board that top is good transmittance, canopy height 3-4m, long 20-100m, wide 10-30m, the cement flooring of 15cm thickness.
3. inoculate high temperature quick rotting agent: organic materials throws in fermentation tank or cement fermented a composting after 2-3 days, must add high temperature quick rotting agent to carry out decomposition reactor system processing to organic materials, and leavening and material are fully mixed; Do not have the fermentation tank of ceiling will cover sun-shading rainproof material; Described high temperature quick rotting agent is the solid state fermentation quick rotting agent containing beneficial microbe colony, mainly by actinomycetes, saccharomycete, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, formed, hundred million units/gram of living bacteria count 0.5-1, wherein actinomycetes account for 40-60%, this quick rotting agent water content 20-35%, pH5.5-7.5; Quick rotting agent consumption is that every 100m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 15-20kg;
4. measure temperature: by step 3)-2. add after fermented bacterium, every day must thermometric 2 times, its time respectively at the 9:00-10:30 of every morning and afternoon 15:00-16:30; Each fermentation tank or heap are surveyed 3-5 point, and thermometric depth is 35-40cm, and thermometric must carry out before turning;
5. turning oxygen supply: carry out turning for the first time while adding fermented bacterium, later turning frequency adopts the principle in " time to isothermal not, temperature is not when waiting ", ferment one week in, even if do not play temperature or play temperature slowly, necessary turning in every 2 days once, avoids forming anaerobic environment; After one week, temperature will be stablized rising, and generally, every other day turning once; Once temperature surpasses 55 ℃, turning in time; When temperature is during at 68-70 ℃ or when material is very wet or material is very solid, must increase turning frequency, be turning every day 1-3 time; Hot fermentation can consume moisture, and each turning need to keep the skin wet, and guarantees that fermentation material water content is controlled at 55-65%;
6. discharging is processed: when the color of alcohol natural pond slag and powder of straw mixed culture fermentation material becomes brown, temperature no longer raises, and identical with environmental temperature, odorless, have obvious fermenting aroma, just reaching after ferment effect can discharging, is dried, pulverizes, sieves after processing to enter next step.
4) add coconut shell flour and other auxiliary materials:
Step 3) is obtained and drying, alcohol natural pond slag and powder of straw mixed culture fermentation material after pulverizing, sieving, by formula, add coconut shell flour base-material and fully stir, evenly mix rear strawberry special use with other supplies and composite fertilizer without native numerous seedling matrix;
Described matrix physical and chemical index is: particle diameter 0.5-5mm, wherein granularity 2-4mm accounts for 55-60%, water content 35-55%, total porosity 65-75%, unit weight 0.35-0.5g/ml, the content of organic matter>=35% in butt matter, N+P
2o
5+ K
2o total nutrient content 3-5%, EC value is 1.0-2.0mS/cm, and gas-water ratio is 1:2-4, and pH is 5.5-7.0; This matrix is the granular solids of outward appearance sepia or pitchy, free from extraneous odour.
beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, the present invention is according to the characteristic of growing of Strawberry Seedlings, by after the thin alcohol natural pond slag of quality and the powder of straw mixed culture fermentation of having ventilated, coordinate with coconut palm chaff powder, carbonization rice husk etc., not only can regulate the acid-base value of numerous seedling matrix, and there is abundant trace element, be well suited for growing of Strawberry seedlings.
2, alcohol slag, powder of straw, coconut palm chaff are all organic wastes, and quantity is many, and purposes is few, for the production of strawberry, without the numerous seedling matrix of soil, can reduce environmental pollution, turn waste into wealth, and turn harm into good.
3, the strawberry that the present invention produces is special-purpose without native numerous seedling matrix, quality is loose, nutrient content is abundant, the content of organic matter is high, nontoxic, without weed seed, contain beneficial microbe colony, can improve strawberry resistance against diseases, the soilless cultures such as the groove that can be widely used in strawberry is planted, bag cultivation.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further illustrate the present invention, should understand this embodiment is only not used in and limits the scope of the invention for the present invention is described, after having read the present invention, those skilled in the art all fall within the application's claims limited range to the modification of the various equivalent form of values of the present invention.
embodiment 1:
The special-purpose preparation method without native numerous seedling matrix of a kind of strawberry, matrix is comprised of mixed material, coconut palm chaff powder base-material, carbonization rice husk powder or cinder powder, vermiculite and the perlite of alcohol natural pond slag and powder of straw, described coconut shell flour base-material is domestic or import coconut palm chaff is processed the moistening material of processing through water soaking, water content 50-75%, particle diameter 1-6 millimeter; Described alcohol natural pond slag is that cassava raw material extracts the offcuts after alcohol, then the residue forming after anaerobic fermentation produces biogas; Described powder of straw is the agricultural crop straw through pulverizing processing, granularity 1-5mm, water content 55-65%; Described carbonization rice husk powder is the ashes that stay after the combusting rice hull carbonization granule materials through pulverizing, sieving, particle diameter 0.5-2mm; Described cinder powder is the granule materials of the slag that produces of industry or Domestic coal stove through pulverizing, sieving, particle diameter 0.5-3mm.
The method is first carried out fermentation maturity processing to alcohol natural pond slag and the employing of powder of straw compound containing beneficial microorganism high temperature quick rotting agent, add again coconut palm chaff powder base-material, carbonization rice husk powder or cinder powder, perlite, these raw and auxiliary materials of vermiculite carry out mixed preparing, concrete operation step is as follows:
1) collection of raw and auxiliary material and processing: collecting organic waste alcohol natural pond slag, agricultural crop straw and coconut palm chaff is primary raw material, and carry out respectively airing, pulverizing, water suction processing; Collect carbonization rice husk or cinder powder, vermiculite, perlite as auxiliary material.
2) parts by volume composition of raw materials is:
3 parts, the mixed culture fermentation material of alcohol natural pond slag and powder of straw, 3 parts of coconut shell flour base-materials, carbonization rice husk powder or 2 parts, cinder powder, 1 part of perlite, 2 parts of vermiculites, add the 15-15-15 nitrogen phosphorus potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium of gross weight 0.5% in addition.
3) organic materials fermentation reactor system:
1. adjust physical and chemical index: fermentation product, when pretreatment, must be adjusted into the physical and chemical index of organic materials: pH5-7.5, C/N30-40:1, EC value 3-4.5, water content 60-75%;
2. feed intake and build heap: first the organic materials alcohol natural pond slag in above-mentioned raw materials, powder of straw are dropped into fermentation reactor system in fermentation tank, stack degree of depth 1.5m; Or be placed directly in heap on the cement fermentation place of sunlight board lew and make wide 3m, high 1.2m, the heap of length 50m carries out fermentation maturity processing; The fermentation reactor system time is 60 days; Described fermentation flute length 150m, wide 6m, high 1.6m, bottom land is the concrete floor of 20cm thickness, groove wall is the brick wall of 50cm thickness; Described sunlight board lew is steel structure framework, the sunlight board that top is good transmittance, canopy height 4m, long 100m, wide 30m, the cement flooring of 15cm thickness.
3. inoculate high temperature quick rotting agent: organic materials throws in fermentation tank or cement fermented a composting after 3 days, must add high temperature quick rotting agent to carry out decomposition reactor system processing to organic materials, and leavening and material are fully mixed; Do not have the fermentation tank of ceiling will cover sun-shading rainproof material; Described high temperature quick rotting agent is the solid state fermentation quick rotting agent containing beneficial microbe colony, mainly by actinomycetes, saccharomycete, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, formed, hundred million units/gram of living bacteria count 0.5-1, wherein actinomycetes account for 40-60%, this quick rotting agent water content 20-35%, pH5.5-7.5; Quick rotting agent consumption is that every 100m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 20kg;
4. measure temperature: by step 3)-2. add after fermented bacterium, every day must thermometric 2 times, its time respectively at the 9:00-10:30 of every morning and afternoon 15:00-16:30; Each fermentation tank or heap are surveyed 3-5 point, and thermometric depth is 35-40cm, and thermometric must carry out before turning;
5. turning oxygen supply: carry out turning for the first time while adding fermented bacterium, later turning frequency adopts the principle in " time to isothermal not, temperature is not when waiting ", ferment one week in, even if do not play temperature or play temperature slowly, necessary turning in every 2 days once, avoids forming anaerobic environment; After one week, temperature will be stablized rising, and generally, every other day turning once; Once temperature surpasses 55 ℃, turning in time; When temperature is during at 68-70 ℃ or when material is very wet or material is very solid, must increase turning frequency, be turning every day 1-3 time; Hot fermentation can consume moisture, and each turning need to keep the skin wet, and guarantees that fermentation material water content is controlled at 55-65%;
6. discharging is processed: when the color of alcohol natural pond slag and powder of straw mixed culture fermentation material becomes brown, temperature no longer raises, and identical with environmental temperature, odorless, have obvious fermenting aroma, just reaching after ferment effect can discharging, is dried, pulverizes, sieves after processing to enter next step.
4) add coconut shell flour and other auxiliary materials:
Step 3) is obtained and drying, alcohol natural pond slag and powder of straw mixed culture fermentation material after pulverizing, sieving, by formula, add coconut shell flour base-material and fully stir, evenly mix rear strawberry special use with other supplies and composite fertilizer without native numerous seedling matrix;
Described matrix physical and chemical index is: particle diameter 5mm, wherein granularity 2-4mm accounts for 55-60%, water content 55%, total porosity 75%, unit weight 0.5g/ml, the content of organic matter>=35% in butt matter, N+P
2o
5+ K
2o total nutrient content 5%, EC value is 2.0mS/cm, and gas-water ratio is 1:4, and pH is 7.0; This matrix is the granular solids of outward appearance sepia or pitchy, free from extraneous odour.
embodiment 2:
The special-purpose preparation method without native numerous seedling matrix of a kind of strawberry, matrix is comprised of mixed material, coconut palm chaff powder base-material, carbonization rice husk powder or cinder powder, vermiculite and the perlite of alcohol natural pond slag and powder of straw, described coconut shell flour base-material is domestic or import coconut palm chaff is processed the moistening material of processing through water soaking, water content 50-75%, particle diameter 1-6 millimeter; Described alcohol natural pond slag is that cassava raw material extracts the offcuts after alcohol, then the residue forming after anaerobic fermentation produces biogas; Described powder of straw is the agricultural crop straw through pulverizing processing, granularity 1-5mm, water content 55-65%; Described carbonization rice husk powder is the ashes that stay after the combusting rice hull carbonization granule materials through pulverizing, sieving, particle diameter 0.5-2mm; Described cinder powder is the granule materials of the slag that produces of industry or Domestic coal stove through pulverizing, sieving, particle diameter 0.5-3mm.
The method is first carried out fermentation maturity processing to alcohol natural pond slag and the employing of powder of straw compound containing beneficial microorganism high temperature quick rotting agent, add again coconut palm chaff powder base-material, carbonization rice husk powder or cinder powder, perlite, these raw and auxiliary materials of vermiculite carry out mixed preparing, concrete operation step is as follows:
1) collection of raw and auxiliary material and processing: collecting organic waste alcohol natural pond slag, agricultural crop straw and coconut palm chaff is primary raw material, and carry out respectively airing, pulverizing, water suction processing; Collect carbonization rice husk or cinder powder, vermiculite, perlite as auxiliary material.
2) parts by volume composition of raw materials is:
3 parts, the mixed culture fermentation material of alcohol natural pond slag and powder of straw, 1 part of coconut shell flour base-material, carbonization rice husk powder or 1 part, cinder powder, 0.5 part of perlite, 1 part of vermiculite, add the 15-15-15 nitrogen phosphorus potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium of gross weight 0.1% in addition.
3) organic materials fermentation reactor system:
1. adjust physical and chemical index: fermentation product, when pretreatment, must be adjusted into the physical and chemical index of organic materials: pH5-7.5, C/N30-40:1, EC value 3-4.5, water content 60-75%;
2. feed intake and build heap: first the organic materials alcohol natural pond slag in above-mentioned raw materials, powder of straw are dropped into fermentation reactor system in fermentation tank, stack degree of depth 1m; Or be placed directly in heap on the cement fermentation place of sunlight board lew and make wide 1m, high 0.8m, the heap of length 5m carries out fermentation maturity processing; The fermentation reactor system time is 15 days; Described fermentation flute length 50m, wide 5m, high 1.3m, bottom land is the concrete floor of 10cm thickness, groove wall is the brick wall of 24cm thickness; Described sunlight board lew is steel structure framework, the sunlight board that top is good transmittance, canopy height 3m, long 20m, wide 10m, the cement flooring of 15cm thickness.
3. inoculate high temperature quick rotting agent: organic materials throws in fermentation tank or cement fermented a composting after 2 days, must add high temperature quick rotting agent to carry out decomposition reactor system processing to organic materials, and leavening and material are fully mixed; Do not have the fermentation tank of ceiling will cover sun-shading rainproof material; Described high temperature quick rotting agent is the solid state fermentation quick rotting agent containing beneficial microbe colony, mainly by actinomycetes, saccharomycete, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, formed, hundred million units/gram of living bacteria count 0.5-1, wherein actinomycetes account for 40-60%, this quick rotting agent water content 20-35%, pH5.5-7.5; Quick rotting agent consumption is that every 100m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 15kg;
4. measure temperature: by step 3)-2. add after fermented bacterium, every day must thermometric 2 times, its time respectively at the 9:00-10:30 of every morning and afternoon 15:00-16:30; Each fermentation tank or heap are surveyed 3-5 point, and thermometric depth is 35-40cm, and thermometric must carry out before turning;
5. turning oxygen supply: carry out turning for the first time while adding fermented bacterium, later turning frequency adopts the principle in " time to isothermal not, temperature is not when waiting ", ferment one week in, even if do not play temperature or play temperature slowly, necessary turning in every 2 days once, avoids forming anaerobic environment; After one week, temperature will be stablized rising, and generally, every other day turning once; Once temperature surpasses 55 ℃, turning in time; When temperature is during at 68-70 ℃ or when material is very wet or material is very solid, must increase turning frequency, be turning every day 1-3 time; Hot fermentation can consume moisture, and each turning need to keep the skin wet, and guarantees that fermentation material water content is controlled at 55-65%;
6. discharging is processed: when the color of alcohol natural pond slag and powder of straw mixed culture fermentation material becomes brown, temperature no longer raises, and identical with environmental temperature, odorless, have obvious fermenting aroma, just reaching after ferment effect can discharging, is dried, pulverizes, sieves after processing to enter next step.
4) add coconut shell flour and other auxiliary materials:
Step 3) is obtained and drying, alcohol natural pond slag and powder of straw mixed culture fermentation material after pulverizing, sieving, by formula, add coconut shell flour base-material and fully stir, evenly mix rear strawberry special use with other supplies and composite fertilizer without native numerous seedling matrix;
Described matrix physical and chemical index is: particle diameter 0.5mm, water content 35%, total porosity 65%, unit weight 0.35g/ml, the content of organic matter>=35% in butt matter, N+P
2o
5+ K
2o total nutrient content 3%, EC value is 1.0mS/cm, and gas-water ratio is 1:2, and pH is 5.5; This matrix is the granular solids of outward appearance sepia or pitchy, free from extraneous odour.
embodiment 3:
The special-purpose preparation method without native numerous seedling matrix of a kind of strawberry, matrix is comprised of mixed material, coconut palm chaff powder base-material, carbonization rice husk powder or cinder powder, vermiculite and the perlite of alcohol natural pond slag and powder of straw, described coconut shell flour base-material is domestic or import coconut palm chaff is processed the moistening material of processing through water soaking, water content 50-75%, particle diameter 1-6 millimeter; Described alcohol natural pond slag is that cassava raw material extracts the offcuts after alcohol, then the residue forming after anaerobic fermentation produces biogas; Described powder of straw is the agricultural crop straw through pulverizing processing, granularity 1-5mm, water content 55-65%; Described carbonization rice husk powder is the ashes that stay after the combusting rice hull carbonization granule materials through pulverizing, sieving, particle diameter 0.5-2mm; Described cinder powder is the granule materials of the slag that produces of industry or Domestic coal stove through pulverizing, sieving, particle diameter 0.5-3mm.
The method is first carried out fermentation maturity processing to alcohol natural pond slag and the employing of powder of straw compound containing beneficial microorganism high temperature quick rotting agent, add again coconut palm chaff powder base-material, carbonization rice husk powder or cinder powder, perlite, these raw and auxiliary materials of vermiculite carry out mixed preparing, concrete operation step is as follows:
1) collection of raw and auxiliary material and processing: collecting organic waste alcohol natural pond slag, agricultural crop straw and coconut palm chaff is primary raw material, and carry out respectively airing, pulverizing, water suction processing; Collect carbonization rice husk or cinder powder, vermiculite, perlite as auxiliary material.
2) parts by volume composition of raw materials is:
4 parts, the mixed culture fermentation material of alcohol natural pond slag and powder of straw, 2 parts of coconut shell flour base-materials, carbonization rice husk powder or 1.5 parts, cinder powder, 0.8 part of perlite, 1.5 parts of vermiculites, add the 15-15-15 nitrogen phosphorus potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium of gross weight 03% in addition.
3) organic materials fermentation reactor system:
1. adjust physical and chemical index: fermentation product, when pretreatment, must be adjusted into the physical and chemical index of organic materials: pH5-7.5, C/N30-40:1, EC value 3-4.5, water content 60-75%;
2. feed intake and build heap: first the organic materials alcohol natural pond slag in above-mentioned raw materials, powder of straw are dropped into fermentation reactor system in fermentation tank, stack degree of depth 1.2m; Or be placed directly in heap on the cement fermentation place of sunlight board lew and make wide 2m, high 1.0m, the heap of length 30m carries out fermentation maturity processing; The fermentation reactor system time is 30 days; Described fermentation flute length 100m, wide 5.5m, high 1.45m, bottom land is the concrete floor of 15cm thickness, groove wall is the brick wall of 37cm thickness; Described sunlight board lew is steel structure framework, the sunlight board that top is good transmittance, canopy height 3.5m, long 50m, wide 20m, the cement flooring of 15cm thickness.
3. inoculate high temperature quick rotting agent: organic materials throws in fermentation tank or cement fermented a composting after 2-3 days, must add high temperature quick rotting agent to carry out decomposition reactor system processing to organic materials, and leavening and material are fully mixed; Do not have the fermentation tank of ceiling will cover sun-shading rainproof material; Described high temperature quick rotting agent is the solid state fermentation quick rotting agent containing beneficial microbe colony, mainly by actinomycetes, saccharomycete, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, formed, hundred million units/gram of living bacteria count 0.5-1, wherein actinomycetes account for 40-60%, this quick rotting agent water content 20-35%, pH5.5-7.5; Quick rotting agent consumption is that every 100m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 18kg;
4. measure temperature: by step 3)-2. add after fermented bacterium, every day must thermometric 2 times, its time respectively at the 9:00-10:30 of every morning and afternoon 15:00-16:30; Each fermentation tank or heap are surveyed 3-5 point, and thermometric depth is 35-40cm, and thermometric must carry out before turning;
5. turning oxygen supply: carry out turning for the first time while adding fermented bacterium, later turning frequency adopts the principle in " time to isothermal not, temperature is not when waiting ", ferment one week in, even if do not play temperature or play temperature slowly, necessary turning in every 2 days once, avoids forming anaerobic environment; After one week, temperature will be stablized rising, and generally, every other day turning once; Once temperature surpasses 55 ℃, turning in time; When temperature is during at 68-70 ℃ or when material is very wet or material is very solid, must increase turning frequency, be turning every day 1-3 time; Hot fermentation can consume moisture, and each turning need to keep the skin wet, and guarantees that fermentation material water content is controlled at 60% left and right;
6. discharging is processed: when the color of alcohol natural pond slag and powder of straw mixed culture fermentation material becomes brown, temperature no longer raises, and identical with environmental temperature, odorless, have obvious fermenting aroma, just reaching after ferment effect can discharging, is dried, pulverizes, sieves after processing to enter next step.
4) add coconut shell flour and other auxiliary materials:
Step 3) is obtained and drying, alcohol natural pond slag and powder of straw mixed culture fermentation material after pulverizing, sieving, by formula, add coconut shell flour base-material and fully stir, evenly mix rear strawberry special use with other supplies and composite fertilizer without native numerous seedling matrix;
Described matrix physical and chemical index is: particle diameter 3mm left and right, water content 45% left and right, total porosity 70%, unit weight 0.4g/ml, the content of organic matter>=35% in butt matter, N+P
2o
5+ K
2o total nutrient content 4%, EC value is 1.5mS/cm, and gas-water ratio is 1:34, and pH is 6.5; This matrix is the granular solids of outward appearance sepia or pitchy, free from extraneous odour.
A kind of strawberry special use of embodiment 3 preparations is bred for Strawberry Seedlings jointly without other 2 kinds of strawberry seedling mediums of buying on native numerous seedling matrix and market, and comparative trial effect is as follows:
Kind: Hong Jia
Numerous seedling facility: the flowerpot of plastic tunnel, strawberry high-level cultivating bed, 2-3L capacity, 15 or 32 hole dishes (aperture 7cm, high 7cm)
Numerous seedling mode: the numerous seedling of stolon
Numerous seedling time: the 3-8 month in 2013
Select seedling: selection group training detoxification original seed generation strong sprout is strawberry seedling, cultivate March in the flowerpot of 2-3L capacity, carry out breeding of Original Strawberry seedling, when the former seedling of Pot-strawberry enters reproductive stage and occurs stolon, select well developed root system, leaf look dark green, and without scab, the healthy former seedling of the high-quality of rhizome 2-5cm carries out breeding of cultivated strawberry seedling.
Seedling-breeding method: first 1～2 day of field planting to cave dish disinfection after, by the numerous seedling matrix of strawberry of embodiment 3 and contrast, spread respectively in the dish of cave after regulating corresponding water content, make real pressing.Then the sprout of Original Strawberry seedling stolon is pressed in dish hole, cave one by one, sprout is fixed in matrix with geometrical clamp, it is taken root as early as possible, breed into independently individual, treat the strawberry height of seedling 6-8cm that stolon is bred, also there are 10 above white root systems rhizome 1cm left and right, and 4-7 sheet launches leaf, the heavy 30g of individual plant just can transplant when above, and the former seedling of every basin can be bred Strawberry Seedlings 30-60 strain.
The Strawberry Seedlings physical signs that the numerous seedling matrix of different strawberries is bred is in Table 1
| Matrix source | Plant height (cm) | Individual plant heavy (g) | Launch the number of sheets | Leaf look | Rhizome (cm) | White root (bar) | Health status |
| Ck1 | 8.1 | 29.5 | 5.9 | Light green | 0.9 | 11.8 | Without damage by disease and insect |
| Ck2 | 8.2 | 29.8 | 6.1 | Light green | 1.0 | 12.3 | Without damage by disease and insect |
| Embodiment 3 | 8.6 | 30.2 | 6.4 | Dark green | 1.05 | 12.5 | Without damage by disease and insect |
Table 1 can find out, the strawberry of embodiment 3 preparations is special-purpose without native numerous seedling matrix, and most of indexs are all a little more than other matrix, and test shows, strawberry of the present invention is special-purpose without the concrete good result of use of native numerous seedling matrix.
Claims (10)
1. the special-purpose preparation method without native numerous seedling matrix of a strawberry, matrix is comprised of mixed material, coconut palm chaff powder base-material, carbonization rice husk powder or cinder powder, vermiculite and the perlite of alcohol natural pond slag and powder of straw, it is characterized in that: the method is first carried out fermentation maturity processing to alcohol natural pond slag and the employing of powder of straw compound containing beneficial microorganism high temperature quick rotting agent, add again coconut palm chaff powder base-material, carbonization rice husk powder or cinder powder, perlite, these raw and auxiliary materials of vermiculite carry out mixed preparing, concrete operation step is as follows:
1) collection of raw and auxiliary material and processing: collecting organic waste alcohol natural pond slag, agricultural crop straw and coconut palm chaff is primary raw material, and carry out respectively airing, pulverizing, water suction processing; Collect carbonization rice husk or cinder powder, vermiculite, perlite as auxiliary material;
2) parts by volume composition of raw materials is:
Mixed culture fermentation material 3-5 part of alcohol natural pond slag and powder of straw, coconut shell flour base-material 1-3 part, carbonization rice husk powder or cinder powder 1-2 part, perlite 0.5-1 part, vermiculite 1-2 part, add the composite fertilizer of gross weight 0.1-0.5% in addition;
3) organic materials fermentation reactor system:
1. adjust physical and chemical index: fermentation product, when pretreatment, must be adjusted pH, C/N, EC value, the water-content indicator of organic materials;
2. feed intake and build heap: first the organic materials alcohol natural pond slag in above-mentioned raw materials, powder of straw are dropped into fermentation reactor system in fermentation tank, stack degree of depth 1-1.5m; Or be placed directly in heap on the cement fermentation place of sunlight board lew and make wide 1-3m, high 0.8-1.2m, the heap of length 5-50m carries out fermentation maturity processing;
3. inoculate high temperature quick rotting agent: organic materials throws in fermentation tank or cement fermented a composting after 2-3 days, must add high temperature quick rotting agent to carry out decomposition reactor system processing to organic materials, and leavening and material are fully mixed; Do not have the fermentation tank of ceiling will cover sun-shading rainproof material;
4. measure temperature: by step 3)-2. add after fermented bacterium, every day must thermometric 2 times, its time respectively at the 9:00-10:30 of every morning and afternoon 15:00-16:30; Each fermentation tank or heap are surveyed 3-5 point, and thermometric depth is 35-40cm, and thermometric must carry out before turning;
5. turning oxygen supply: carry out turning for the first time while adding fermented bacterium, later turning frequency adopts the principle in " time to isothermal not, temperature is not when waiting ", ferment one week in, even if do not play temperature or play temperature slowly, necessary turning in every 2 days once, avoids forming anaerobic environment; After one week, temperature will be stablized rising, and generally, every other day turning once; Once temperature surpasses 55 ℃, turning in time; When temperature is during at 68-70 ℃ or when material is very wet or material is very solid, must increase turning frequency, be turning every day 1-3 time; Hot fermentation can consume moisture, and each turning need to keep the skin wet, and guarantees that fermentation material water content is controlled at 55-65%;
6. discharging is processed: when the color of alcohol natural pond slag and powder of straw mixed culture fermentation material becomes brown, temperature no longer raises, and identical with environmental temperature, odorless, have obvious fermenting aroma, just reaching after ferment effect can discharging, is dried, pulverizes, sieves after processing to enter next step;
4) add coconut shell flour and other auxiliary materials:
Step 3) is obtained and drying, alcohol natural pond slag and powder of straw mixed culture fermentation material after pulverizing, sieving, by formula, add coconut shell flour base-material and fully stir, evenly mix rear strawberry special use with other supplies and composite fertilizer without native numerous seedling matrix;
Described matrix physical and chemical index is: particle diameter 0.5-5mm, water content 35-55%, total porosity 65-75%, unit weight 0.35-0.5g/ml, the content of organic matter >=35% in butt matter, total nutrient content 3-5%, EC value is 1.0-2.0mS/cm, and gas-water ratio is 1:2-4, and pH is 5.5-7.0; This matrix is the granular solids of outward appearance sepia or pitchy, free from extraneous odour.
2. the special-purpose preparation method without native numerous seedling matrix of a kind of strawberry according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 2) described composite fertilizer is 15-15-15 nitrogen phosphorus potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium; Consumption is 0.3% of raw material gross weight.
3. the special-purpose preparation method without native numerous seedling matrix of a kind of strawberry according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 3)-1. described physical and chemical index: pH5-7.5, C/N30-40:1, EC value 3-4.5, water content 60-75%.
4. a kind of strawberry special use, without the preparation method of native numerous seedling matrix, is characterized in that according to claim 1: the fermentation reactor system time that step 3)-2. described alcohol natural pond slag, powder of straw fermentation maturity are processed is 15-60 days.
5. a kind of strawberry special use, without the preparation method of native numerous seedling matrix, is characterized in that according to claim 1: the fermentation reactor system time that step 3)-2. described alcohol natural pond slag, powder of straw fermentation maturity are processed is 30 days.
6. the special-purpose preparation method without native numerous seedling matrix of a kind of strawberry according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step 3)-3. described high temperature quick rotting agent is the solid state fermentation quick rotting agent containing beneficial microbe colony, mainly by actinomycetes, saccharomycete, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, formed, hundred million units/gram of living bacteria count 0.5-1, wherein actinomycetes account for 40-60%, this quick rotting agent water content 20-35%, pH5.5-7.5; Quick rotting agent consumption is that every 100m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 15-20kg.
7. a kind of strawberry special use, without the preparation method of native numerous seedling matrix, is characterized in that: described in step 4), total nutrient is N+P according to claim 1
2o
5+ K
2o.
8. a kind of strawberry special use, without the preparation method of native numerous seedling matrix, is characterized in that: granularity≤5mm described in step 4), wherein granularity 2-4mm accounts for 55-60% according to claim 1.
9. a kind of strawberry special use, without the preparation method of native numerous seedling matrix, is characterized in that according to claim 1: described coconut shell flour base-material is domestic or import coconut palm chaff is processed the moistening material of processing, water content 50-75%, particle diameter 1-6 millimeter through water soaking; Described alcohol natural pond slag is that cassava raw material extracts the offcuts after alcohol, then the residue forming after anaerobic fermentation produces biogas; Described powder of straw is the agricultural crop straw through pulverizing processing, granularity 1-5mm, water content 55-65%; Described carbonization rice husk powder is the ashes that stay after the combusting rice hull carbonization granule materials through pulverizing, sieving, particle diameter 0.5-2mm; Described cinder powder is the granule materials of the slag that produces of industry or Domestic coal stove through pulverizing, sieving, particle diameter 0.5-3mm.
10. a kind of strawberry special use, without the preparation method of native numerous seedling matrix, is characterized in that according to claim 1: described fermentation flute length 50-150m, and wide 5-6m, high 1.3-1.6m, bottom land is the concrete floor of 10-20cm thickness, groove wall is the brick wall of 24-50cm thickness; Described sunlight board lew is steel structure framework, the sunlight board that top is good transmittance, canopy height 3-4m, long 20-100m, wide 10-30m, the cement flooring of 15cm thickness.
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| CP03 | Change of name, title or address | ||
| CP03 | Change of name, title or address |
Address after: Jianbi Street Jiao Wan 212013 in community of Zhenjiang province Jiangsu City Jingkou District Patentee after: Jiangsu Xingnong Matrix Technology Co. Ltd. Address before: Jianbi Street Jiao Wan 212006 in community of Zhenjiang province Jiangsu City Jingkou District Patentee before: ZHENJIANG XINGNONG ORGANIC FERTILIZER CO., LTD. |