CN103641599B - Sandalwood cultivation medium and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Sandalwood cultivation medium and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103641599B CN103641599B CN201310598727.XA CN201310598727A CN103641599B CN 103641599 B CN103641599 B CN 103641599B CN 201310598727 A CN201310598727 A CN 201310598727A CN 103641599 B CN103641599 B CN 103641599B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sandalwood cultivation medium and a preparation method thereof. The medium comprises: 32-35 parts of peat, 10-12 parts of straw, 30-35 parts of river sand, 9-12 parts of edible fungus waste residue, 10-15 parts of peanut shells, 12-25 parts of fermented livestock manure, 20-30 parts of reeling wastewater, 10-15 parts of tea leaf residue and 3-5 parts of bagasse. The preparation method of the medium includes: subjecting the straw, the peanut shells and the bagasse to semi-carbonization treatment, and crushing the peat, the river sand and the tea leaf residue; mixing the raw materials, the edible fungus waste residue and the fermented livestock manure, and stirring them uniformly to obtain a medium mixture; mixing the medium mixture with the reeling wastewater, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio and the carbon-phosphorus ratio of the medium; and conducting disinfection treatment on the medium, and then performing drying. The medium provided by the invention has the advantages of reasonable proportioning, low cost, suitability for cultivation of various plants, effective promotion of plant growth, simple preparation process, and strong feasibility, and can effectively improve the survival rate of plant cultivation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to substratum of a kind of plant growing and preparation method thereof, substratum being specifically related to santal and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Santal, also known as almug, belongs to Santalaceae, santal belongs to.Santal belongs to evergreen parasitic undershrub, bark brown, coarse or lobe, and leaf is to life, and oval or ovum shape lanceolar, base portion wedge shape, Quan Yuan, without hair, petiole is short.Santal timber is extremely fragrant, can implements processed, and also can be used as medicine, it always is the timber of rare costliness.Almug is enervated, and also must just can survive by parasitism at Seedling Stage, its output is very restricted, cannot meet the demand of people to it.
Along with the development of society, the demand of the mankind to plant increases gradually.Plant main application can be summarized as timber, medicinal, spices, carving handicraft article etc., but it is often by the restriction of external environment, the speed of growth is slow, its growth rate is difficult to the paces of catching up with people's demand, as santal etc. needs just grow up to decades, especially santal must be planted 60 years and even upper a century is just really become a useful person.Under normal circumstances, we can improve external environment to promote the growth of plant by artificial mode, such as: artificially applying fertilizer, aerosol spray, soil improvement etc., and the mode of plant absorption nutrition is except passing through Foliage Absorption, the overwhelming majority or by the nutrition in powerful Root Absorption soil and moisture, therefore improve the most effective means that soil is Promoting plant growth.In general production process, people impose proper N phosphate fertilizer as plant culture again often through multiple matrix being carried out mixture, though plant desired nutritional can be provided, but proportioning is coarse, service efficiency is low, survival rate is low, poor growth and the cultivation of most plants can not be suitable for, as adopted generic media, cuttage cultivation is carried out to santal fringe bar, with river sand, perlite, coconut shell flour and yellow mud etc. are several carries out cuttage cultivation as matrix to santal, average rooting rate is only up to 49%(Chen Fu lotus. Cuttage of Santalum album [J]. and Chinese medicinal materials, 1999, 22 (3): 109-111.).Therefore, formulation science is reasonable, the substratum of high-efficiency environment friendly, improves plant growing survival rate, and can promote that quick growth of plant also can be widely used in the cultivation of various plants, the life for people has extremely important meaning.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide substratum of a kind of Sandalwood cultivation and preparation method thereof, to solve the problems of the technologies described above.
The present invention is by adopting following technical proposals to be achieved:
The substratum of the Sandalwood cultivation that the present invention relates to, described substratum comprises the culture medium raw material of following parts by weight: 32 ~ 35 parts, peat, stalk 10 ~ 12 parts, river sand 30 ~ 35 parts, 9 ~ 12 parts, edible mushrooms waste residue, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae 10 ~ 15 parts, fermentation fowl and animal excrement 12 ~ 25 parts, silk reeling wastewater 20 ~ 30 parts, tealeaf residue 10 ~ 15 parts and bagasse 3 ~ 5 parts.In this substratum, peat is as Nutrition Soil, there is light weight, water holding, breathe freely and be rich in the advantages such as organic, it coordinates river sand, stalk, edible mushrooms waste residue, the Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae of corresponding proportion again, be aided with containing the santal substratum enriching nitrogen, the composition such as fowl and animal excrement, tealeaf residue, silk reeling wastewater of phosphoric obtains simultaneously, make fertility abundance, fertilizer efficiency long, not only can reduce the generation of disease and pest and peculiar smell, also enhance resistance against diseases and the anti-adversity ability of santal, improve santal rooting rate.Wherein, adopt river sand as filler, not only Soil structure can be improved, improve the ventilation property of soil, prevent the newborn root system of santal from rotting, and be beneficial to the formation of root system, silk reeling wastewater is cocoon cooking, the trade effluent that vertical reel silk from cocoons and byproduct processing produce, containing a large amount of nitrogen, the nutritive substances such as phosphorus, if directly discharge, water pollution can be caused, have a strong impact on industrial and agricultural production, containing a large amount of N in this waste water, element needed for the plant production of P, if Appropriate application, not only increase a kind of method processing silk reeling wastewater, more reduce culture medium cost, for santal growth provides a large amount of N, P element, in conjunction with peat, river sand, Deng the C:P ratio of adjustment substratum, C:N ratio, make substratum meet santal growth needed for N, the amount of P element.And the raw materials such as stalk, edible mushrooms waste residue, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, bagasse are agricultural waste, utilize the obtained substratum of above-mentioned agricultural waste effectively can promote that santal grows and can be widely used in Sandalwood cultivation field, this is the effective waste material utilizing agricultural, and the recycle facilitating agricultural resource provides scientific basis.In addition, the abundant raw material source in substratum, cheap, be conducive to reducing cultivation cost.
Separately, in tealeaves, be rich in potassium element, brewed tealeaves, if directly abandon, not only increase environmental stress, the element of the inside can not get rational utilization, with tealeaf residue as one of raw material, Appropriate application potassium element, increases the resistance of plant, but also utilizes manganese microelement.
The perlite that parts by weight are 3 ~ 8 parts is further comprises in described culture medium raw material, now be equipped with the perlite of suitable proportion, transformation Soil structure can be played, regulate soil compaction, prevent farm crop from lodging, and the ventilation property of the matrix that has additional nutrients and water-absorbent, effectively control fertilizer efficiency and fertile degree needed for santal, promote that santal grows fast.
In described culture medium raw material, stalk can be rice husk, plant stem, plant tendril one or more.
Absorbed fast by santal to enable the nutritive ingredients such as the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and the organic matter that are rich in the raw materials such as the stalk in substratum, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, bagasse, to promote the quick growth of plant, preferential employing partial carbonization stalk, partial carbonization Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae and edible mushrooms waste residue by fermentation.Wherein, partial carbonization stalk, partial carbonization Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae can adopt simple and easy partial carbonization method to carry out partial carbonization process to the raw material such as stalk, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, concrete operations are as follows: by the stockpile such as stalk, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae in ground, covered tightly by matrix again after lighting, top covers one deck thin soil again and carries out smoldering, makes raw material fade to brown.In addition, can select under higher temperature conditions, edible mushrooms waste residue to be fermented, with the simple organic matter recovery by moldy metamorphism easy in material, ensure the stable chemical performance of matrix, concrete operations are as follows: amassed by waste edible fungus slag muck and cover plastic cloth, make stack temperature rise to 45-65 DEG C, then oxygen supply is carried out by turning or ventilation, carry out moisturizing to guarantee the temperature be suitable for, supplement nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, after for some time, temperature drops to normal temperature in good time.
The temperature-stable of described substratum controls as 20-30 DEG C, and intensity of illumination is 1000 ~ 6000lux, and humidity is 50 ~ 80%.
The medium preparation method of plant growing of the present invention, comprise the steps: to allocate culture medium raw material, described culture medium raw material can comprise the culture medium raw material of following parts by weight: 32 ~ 35 parts, peat, stalk 10 ~ 12 parts, river sand 30 ~ 35 parts, 9 ~ 12 parts, edible mushrooms waste residue and Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae 10 ~ 15 parts, fermentation fowl and animal excrement 12 ~ 25 parts, silk reeling wastewater 20 ~ 30 parts, tealeaf residue 10 ~ 15 parts and bagasse 3 ~ 5 parts, stalk, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae and bagasse are carried out half charing process, peat, river sand and tealeaf residue are pulverized; After preferred pulverizing, raw material particle size is 2 ~ 20mm; Raw material after process, edible mushrooms waste residue and fermentation fowl and animal excrement are mixed, uniform stirring, obtained substratum compound; The substratum compound of previous step is mixed with silk reeling wastewater, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of adjustment substratum and carbon-phosphorus ratio; By substratum disinfection, obtained substratum finished product after dry.
In addition, because the stalk in culture medium raw material, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, river sand, peat and edible mushrooms waste residue etc. are containing more microorganism and bacterium, easily infect plant and work the mischief.Therefore, need to carry out disinfection to substratum compound, the sterilizing agents such as potassium permanganate, formalin or quintozene can be adopted to carry out disinfection, and preferential 0.5% potassium permanganate solution that adopts fully sprays substratum compound at normal temperatures, carries out disinfection.
Substratum of the present invention, reasonable ratio, balanced in nutrition, be suitable for most plants cultivation and effectively can promote quick growth of plant, its preparation process is simple, feasibility is strong, can effectively improve plant growing surviving rate.Adopt culture medium of the present invention to carry out plant cuttage cultivation, the plant quality of production is good, and the production cycle, survival rate, to 85 ~ 95%, greatly improved plant propagation competitive capacity from cuttage to gathering only 80 ~ 90 days.
Embodiment
Being easy to make technique means of the invention process understand, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention being further elaborated.
Embodiment 1
Substratum (substratum 1) comprises the culture medium raw material of following parts by weight: 32 parts, peat, stalk 12 parts, river sand 30 parts, 11 parts, edible mushrooms waste residue, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae 11 parts, fermentation fowl and animal excrement 12 parts, silk reeling wastewater 30 parts, tealeaf residue 10 parts and bagasse 5 parts.This medium preparation method, comprises the following steps: the first step, stalk, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae and bagasse is carried out half charing process, peat, river sand and tealeaf residue is pulverized, and carries out pulverizing and makes raw material particle size be 10mm; Second step, the raw material the first step prepared, edible mushrooms waste residue and fermentation fowl and animal excrement mix, uniform stirring, obtained substratum compound; 3rd step, mixes substratum compound with silk reeling wastewater, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of adjustment substratum and carbon-phosphorus ratio; 4th step, adopts the potassium permanganate solution of 0.5% to the disinfection of above-mentioned substratum compound, then the compound after sterilization is carried out drying.
Above-mentioned technique means is adopted to carry out cuttage cultivation to yellow wingceltis, red sandalwood and Asiatic sweet leaf fringe bar, respectively substratum 1 and normal soil is used to carry out cuttage cultivation respectively with 100 fringe bars, grow collecting sample after 30 days, to the survival rate of yellow wingceltis, red sandalwood, Asiatic sweet leaf, on average degree of increasing, mean diameter increases slightly and average root coefficient order compares, and result is as table 1.
Table 1 different substrates cuttage cultivation plant-growth effectiveness comparison
As seen from Table 1, cuttage cultivation is carried out with substratum 1 pair of yellow wingceltis, red sandalwood and Asiatic sweet leaf fringe bar, yellow wingceltis survival rate is 90%, on average grow tall that 6cm, diameter on average increase thick 0.4cm, average root coefficient order is 28, red sandalwood survival rate is 95%, on average grow tall that 6cm, diameter on average increase thick 0.3cm, average root coefficient order is 26, and Asiatic sweet leaf survival rate is 84%, on average grow tall that 5cm, diameter on average increase thick 0.3cm, average root coefficient order is 25.And with normal soil, cuttage cultivation is carried out to yellow wingceltis, red sandalwood and Asiatic sweet leaf fringe bar, yellow wingceltis survival rate is 55%, on average grow tall that 2cm, diameter on average increase thick 0.1cm, average root coefficient order is 13, red sandalwood survival rate is 56%, on average grow tall that 2cm, diameter on average increase thick 0.1cm, average root coefficient order is 14, and Asiatic sweet leaf survival rate is 53%, on average grow tall that 2cm, diameter on average increase thick 0.1cm, average root coefficient order is 12.
Embodiment 2
Substratum comprises the culture medium raw material of following parts by weight: 35 parts, peat, stalk 10 parts, river sand 35 parts, 12 parts, edible mushrooms waste residue, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae 15 parts, fermentation fowl and animal excrement 25 parts, silk reeling wastewater 20 parts, tealeaf residue 15 parts and bagasse 4 parts.This medium preparation method, comprises the following steps: the first step, stalk, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae and bagasse is carried out half charing process, peat, river sand and tealeaf residue is pulverized, and carries out pulverizing and makes raw material particle size be 20mm; Second step, the raw material the first step prepared, edible mushrooms waste residue and fermentation fowl and animal excrement mix, uniform stirring, obtained substratum compound; 3rd step, mixes substratum compound with silk reeling wastewater, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of adjustment substratum and carbon-phosphorus ratio; 4th step, adopts the potassium permanganate solution of 0.5% to the disinfection of above-mentioned substratum compound, then the compound after sterilization is carried out drying.
Embodiment 3
Substratum comprises the culture medium raw material of following parts by weight: 34 parts, peat, stalk 11 parts, river sand 32 parts, 9 parts, edible mushrooms waste residue, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae 12 parts, fermentation fowl and animal excrement 22 parts, silk reeling wastewater 25 parts, tealeaf residue 12 parts, bagasse 3 parts and perlite 5 parts.This medium preparation method, comprises the following steps: the first step, stalk, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae and bagasse is carried out half charing process, peat, river sand, tealeaf residue and perlite is pulverized, and carries out pulverizing and makes raw material particle size be 15mm; Second step, the raw material the first step prepared, edible mushrooms waste residue and fermentation fowl and animal excrement mix, uniform stirring, obtained substratum compound; 3rd step, mixes substratum compound with silk reeling wastewater, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of adjustment substratum and carbon-phosphorus ratio; 4th step, adopts the potassium permanganate solution of 0.5% to the disinfection of above-mentioned substratum compound, then the compound after sterilization is carried out drying.
Embodiment 4
Substratum comprises the culture medium raw material of following parts by weight: 33 parts, peat, stalk 12 parts, river sand 34 parts, 10 parts, edible mushrooms waste residue, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae 14 parts, fermentation fowl and animal excrement 20 parts, silk reeling wastewater 28 parts, tealeaf residue 11 parts, bagasse 3 parts and perlite 8 parts.This medium preparation method, comprises the following steps: the first step, stalk, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae and bagasse is carried out half charing process, peat, river sand, tealeaf residue and perlite is pulverized, and carries out pulverizing and makes raw material particle size be 18mm; Second step, the raw material the first step prepared, edible mushrooms waste residue and fermentation fowl and animal excrement mix, uniform stirring, obtained substratum compound; 3rd step, mixes substratum compound with silk reeling wastewater, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of adjustment substratum and carbon-phosphorus ratio; 4th step, adopts the potassium permanganate solution of 0.5% to the disinfection of above-mentioned substratum compound, then the compound after sterilization is carried out drying.
Above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted; those skilled in the art is to be understood that; do not departing from the purpose and scope of the invention, can modify to technical scheme of the present invention or equivalent replacement, it all should be encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a substratum for Sandalwood cultivation, is characterized in that: described substratum comprises the culture medium raw material of following parts by weight:
32 ~ 35 parts, peat
Stalk 10 ~ 12 parts
River sand 30 ~ 35 parts
9 ~ 12 parts, edible mushrooms waste residue
Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae 10 ~ 15 parts
Fermentation fowl and animal excrement 12 ~ 25 parts
Silk reeling wastewater 20 ~ 30 parts
Tealeaf residue 10 ~ 15 parts
Bagasse 3 ~ 5 parts;
Described stalk is partial carbonization stalk;
Described Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae is partial carbonization Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae;
Described bagasse is partial carbonization bagasse.
2. the substratum of Sandalwood cultivation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described culture medium raw material also comprises the perlite that parts by weight are 3 ~ 8 parts.
3. the substratum of Sandalwood cultivation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described stalk is one or more in rice husk, plant stem, plant tendril.
4. the substratum of the Sandalwood cultivation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, is characterized in that: described edible mushrooms waste residue is the edible mushrooms waste residue of fermentation.
5. the substratum of the Sandalwood cultivation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, is characterized in that: described culture medium raw material particle diameter is 2 ~ 20mm.
6. the substratum of the Sandalwood cultivation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, is characterized in that: the temperature-stable of described substratum controls as 20-30 DEG C, and intensity of illumination is 1000 ~ 6000lux, and humidity is 50 ~ 80%.
7. the preparation method of the substratum of Sandalwood cultivation according to claim 1, its preparation method comprises the steps:
1) Feedstock treating: stalk, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae and bagasse are carried out half charing process, peat, river sand and tealeaf residue are pulverized;
2) mix: raw material step 1) prepared, edible mushrooms waste residue and fermentation fowl and animal excrement mix, uniform stirring, obtained substratum compound;
3) adjusting: by step 2) the substratum compound that obtains mixes with silk reeling wastewater, adjusts carbon-nitrogen ratio and the carbon-phosphorus ratio of substratum;
4) sterilize: substratum disinfection prepared by step 3), then dry.
8. the preparation method of the substratum of Sandalwood cultivation according to claim 7, is characterized in that: at normal temperatures, adopts 0.5% potassium permanganate solution to spray substratum compound, carries out disinfection.
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| CN106007885B (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2018-04-24 | 湖北向阳湖生物科技股份有限公司 | A kind of method that fishing fertilizer is prepared based on silk reeling wastewater |
| CN105309307A (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2016-02-10 | 南宁旺弘生物科技有限公司 | Butterfly orchid culture medium and culture method |
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| CN106588276A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-04-26 | 广西炎瑞农业发展有限公司 | Sandalwood culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN106631528A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-10 | 蚌埠市渔歌农业科技有限公司 | Crape myrtle culture medium |
| CN109042220A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2018-12-21 | 凌云县兰农七品种植专业合作社 | A kind of nursery special nutrient soil of flame tree |
| CN114793532B (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2023-03-24 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | Method for improving drought resistance of rape |
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| CN1618773A (en) * | 2004-11-20 | 2005-05-25 | 西北农林科技大学 | Tomato soilless culture organic substrate formula and preparation method thereof |
| CN100998306B (en) * | 2006-12-30 | 2010-06-16 | 云南健牛生物科技有限公司 | Soilless culture medium and its preparing method |
| CN101536664A (en) * | 2009-04-14 | 2009-09-23 | 宁波大学 | Container culturing substrate for herbaceous flowers |
| CN101715714B (en) * | 2009-11-02 | 2011-04-06 | 东北师范大学 | Moisture-preserving nutritious soil for growing herbaceous flower seedlings and preparation method thereof |
| CN102173928B (en) * | 2011-01-11 | 2013-04-17 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | Wood non-woven fabric container nursery biological-type medium |
| CN103214315B (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2014-08-20 | 北京林业大学 | Greening matrix containing quarry mucks, animal manures, straws and charcoal powder and preparation method thereof |
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