CN102986512A - Soilless culture substrate special for strawberries - Google Patents
Soilless culture substrate special for strawberries Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soilless culture substrate special for strawberries and belongs to the field of a soilless culture technology. The substrate comprises the following components in volume ratio: 25-40% of vinegar residue, 10-20% of manioc waste, 10-25% of grass carbon, 10-25% of vermiculite and 5-15% of plant ash; as for the substrate, the water content is 25-45%, the total porosity is 65-85%, the content of organic matters in a dry substrate is more than or equal to 25%, the content of total nutrients is 2-4%, the EC (Elasticity Coefficient) value is 0.5-1.0mS/cm and the pH value is 5.5-7.0; and the substrate is grain solid with dark brown or black brown appearance and has no peculiar smell. According to the special soilless culture substrate, organic wastes including the vinegar residue, the manioc waste and the like are mainly utilized as raw materials and are subjected to high-temperature fermentation treatment to produce the soilless culture substrate, so that the special soilless culture substrate changes wastes into valuable things and turns harm into good. The soilless culture substrate special for the strawberries disclosed by the invention is loose in texture, abundant in nutrient content and high in organic matter content, is non-toxic and harmless, has no weed seeds and contains microbial flora; and the disease resistance of strawberry plants can be improved and the special soilless culture substrate can be widely applied to soilless culture including groove culture, bag culture and the like of the strawberries.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the soilless culture substrate of a kind of crops, particularly relate to a kind of soilless culture substrate of strawberry special use, belong to the cultivation technique without soil field.
Background technology
Soilless culture, refer to carry out with matrix or nutrient solution without natural soil the method for irrigable culture, be mainly used in the arvicultures such as gourd, fruit and vegetable or flower plants and nursery stock, it is fertile again saving of labor's the high yield and high quality advanced technology of a water-saving, province, this technique functions came from 19th century, begin to be applied to agricultural production the thirties in 20th century, the countries use such as Holland, Japan, New Zealand, Italy are more extensive, at present more than 100 countries use development in the whole world of cultivation technique without soil.
Substrate culture is a kind of mode of using the area maximum in the soilless culture, along with applying of cultivation technique without soil, the demand of matrix is increasing, the kind of matrix is also more and more abundanter, the development trend that presents gradually sectionalization, customizations, present topmost matrix species is divided into two kinds of seedling medium and cultivation matrixes, and seedling medium is the dedicated substrate according to the preparation of crops seedling development condition, such as raising rice seedlings dedicated substrate, grow seedlings of vegetable dedicated substrate etc.; And cultivation matrix is according to the segmentation of Different Crop kind, such as gourd, fruit and vegetable cultivation matrix, flower nursery stock cultivation substrate etc.
Strawberry is rose family herbaceos perennial, about the about 30cm of plant height, and fibrous root, it is shallow to distribute.At present, China strawberry is most of adopts the cultivation of soil ridging, thereby soil-borne disease and continuous cropping obstacle become the bottleneck of strawberry development, and the transition medication can affect the strawberry quality.Promote protection ground soilless culture; overcoming soil-borne disease insect pest and continuous cropping obstacle, reducing pesticide dosage, producing the aspect such as nuisanceless fruit and have the unrivaled superiority of soil cultivation; the commodity rate of strawberry fruit can be greatly improved, high yield, high-quality and efficient can be realized.Soilless culture just needs a large amount of matrix, at present, domestic and international application the most widely cultivation matrix is as primary raw material take peat, rock wool, vermiculite, perlite, mushroom slag, wood sawdust, reed, fine sand, cinder, powder of straw etc., mixture with one or several raw materials is formulated, 2011.11.30 Chinese patent CN102257948 A discloses the patent application of academy of agricultural sciences, the Hangzhou composite interstitial substance of strawberry soilless-cultivated seedling " be used for ", and specifically discloses this matrix and be comprised of peat, rice chaff ash, brick grain.2011.07.27 Chinese patent CN102132656 A discloses the beauteously patent application of " strawberry soilless cultivation method " of agricultural science and technology company of the Xiushan Mountain, Hangzhou, and to specifically disclose its cultivation matrix be that the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite, ash mix by a certain percentage.2011.10.19 in Chinese patent CN102217520 A disclosed " the overhead substrate culture of the strawberry " Patent Application Publication, specifically disclosing its cultivated strawberry matrix is 6 parts of chicken manures, 8 parts of the peats composed of rotten mosses, 74 parts of vermiculites.2012.04.04 specifically disclosing its strawberry matrix in Chinese patent CN102399112 A disclosed " a kind of prilling process of the culture substrate for elevated cultivation of strawberries " Patent Application Publication is riverway sludge 65-80%, pig manure 10-20%, wood chip 10-16%.
In sum, existing domestic cultivated strawberry matrix mainly with vermiculite, peat, wood sawdust and animal wastes etc. as base starting material.Yet peat originates in northeast, and resource is tight, can not regenerate, and the enterprise in Jiangsu uses the peat cost very high; Although animal wastes are nutritious, exist quantity few, collect the deficiencies such as difficulty, be difficult to satisfy the needs of factory culture.And there is a large amount of vinegar grains in China vinegar processed enterprise, the content of organic matter is abundanter, but it is not very extensive utilizing approach, literature search is found, domestic vinegar grain production vegetables, the stock growing matrix utilized has had report, and the strawberry dedicated substrate take the vinegar grain as main material production, the domestic relevant report that there is not yet.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of vinegar grain take fermentation and manioc waste as primary raw material, nutrient is abundant, the technical scheme of the strawberry soilless culture plantation substrate that physicochemical property is good.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in the following ways:
The special-purpose soilless culture substrate of a kind of strawberry, be comprised of vinegar grain, manioc waste, the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and ash, it is characterized in that: described matrix components by volume calculates, and its ratio is: vinegar grain 25-0%, manioc waste 10-20%, peat composed of rotten mosses 10-25%, vermiculite 10-15%, ash 5-15%; This water content of substrate 25-45%, total porosity 65-85%, the content of organic matter in the butt matter 〉=25%, N+P
2O
5+ K
2O total nutrient content 2-4%, the EC value is 0.5-1.0mS/cm, pH is 5.5-7.0; This matrix is the granular solids of outward appearance sepia or pitchy, free from extraneous odour.
Described vinegar grain and manioc waste are the things that becomes thoroughly decomposed of processing by fermentation, and described fermentation process is with high temperature quick rotting agent or EM microorganism formulation vinegar grain and manioc waste to be carried out the decomposition reactor system processing; The described fermentation process time is 4-6 month.Described high temperature quick rotting agent consumption is that every 100m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 15-20kg; The consumption of described EM microorganism formulation is that every 100m3 raw material adds EM stoste 1-2kg.
This matrix volume ratio of preferably filling a prescription is: vinegar grain 40%, manioc waste 10%, the peat composed of rotten mosses 25%, vermiculite 15%, ash 10%.
The another kind of preferred prescription volume ratio of this matrix is: vinegar grain 30%, and manioc waste 20%, the peat composed of rotten mosses 25%, vermiculite 15%, ash 10%,
The preferred physical and chemical index of this matrix is: total porosity 70%, the content of organic matter 25% in the butt matter, N+P
2O
5+ K
2O total nutrient content 3%, water content 35%, EC value are 0.8mS/cm, pH is 6.5.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, the present invention is directed to the high characteristics of vinegar grain organic acid content, use the higher ash of alkalescence to be auxiliary material, not only can reduce the acid-base value of matrix, and the ash potassium content is higher, also have abundant trace element, be well suited for growing of Strawberry seedlings.
2, vinegar grain and manioc waste all are the organic wastes of light industry, and quantity is many, and purposes is few, for the production of vegetable soilless culture matrix, can environmental contamination reduction, and turn waste into wealth, turn harm into good.
3, the special-purpose soilless culture substrate of the strawberry of the present invention's production, quality is loose, nutrient content is abundant, the content of organic matter is high, nontoxic, without weed seed, contain beneficial microbe colony, can improve the strawberry resistance against diseases, the soilless cultures such as the groove that can be widely used in strawberry is planted, bag cultivation.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further illustrate the present invention, should understand this embodiment only is used for explanation the present invention and is not used in and limits the scope of the invention, after having read the present invention, those skilled in the art all fall within the application's claims limited range to the modification of the various equivalent form of values of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
The special-purpose soilless culture substrate of a kind of strawberry is comprised of vinegar grain, manioc waste, the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and ash, and its constituent is by volume calculated, and ratio is: vinegar grain 40%, manioc waste 15%, the peat composed of rotten mosses 25%, vermiculite 15%, ash 5%.This matrix physical and chemical index is: total porosity 70%, the content of organic matter 25% in the butt matter, N+P
2O
5+ K
2O total nutrient content 3%, water content 35%, EC value are 0.8mS/cm, pH is 6.5.
Described vinegar grain and manioc waste are the things that becomes thoroughly decomposed with high temperature quick rotting agent fermentation process, and the fermentation process time is 4 months.High temperature quick rotting agent consumption is that every 100m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 20kg.
Embodiment 2:
The special-purpose soilless culture substrate of a kind of strawberry is comprised of vinegar grain, manioc waste, the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and ash, and it is characterized in that: described matrix components by volume calculates, and its ratio is: vinegar grain 30%, manioc waste 15%, the peat composed of rotten mosses 25%, vermiculite 15%, ash 15%.This water content of substrate 25%, total porosity 65%, the content of organic matter in the butt matter 〉=25%, N+P
2O
5+ K
2O total nutrient content 2%, EC value are 0.5mS/cm, and pH is 5.5; This matrix is the granular solids of outward appearance sepia or pitchy, free from extraneous odour.
Described vinegar grain and manioc waste are the things that becomes thoroughly decomposed that adopts EM microorganism formulation fermentation process, and the fermentation process time is 6 months.The consumption of every 100m3 raw material EM microorganism formulation is EM stoste 1kg.
Embodiment 3:
The special-purpose soilless culture substrate of a kind of strawberry is comprised of vinegar grain, manioc waste, the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and ash, and its constituent is by volume calculated, and ratio is: vinegar grain 25%, manioc waste 20%, the peat composed of rotten mosses 25%, vermiculite 15%, ash 15%.This matrix physical and chemical index is: total porosity 85%, the content of organic matter 30% in the butt matter, N+P
2O
5+ K
2O total nutrient content 4%, water content 45%, EC value are 1.0mS/cm, pH is 7.0.This matrix is the granular solids of outward appearance sepia or pitchy, free from extraneous odour.
Described vinegar grain and manioc waste are the things that becomes thoroughly decomposed with high temperature quick rotting agent fermentation process, and the fermentation process time is 6 months.High temperature quick rotting agent consumption is that every 100m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 15kg.
Described vinegar grain and manioc waste are the things that becomes thoroughly decomposed that adopts EM microorganism formulation fermentation process, and the fermentation process time is 4 months.The consumption of every 100m3 raw material EM microorganism formulation is EM stoste 2kg.
Embodiment 4:
The special-purpose soilless culture substrate of a kind of strawberry is comprised of vinegar grain, manioc waste, the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and ash, and it is characterized in that: described matrix components by volume calculates, and its ratio is: vinegar grain 40%, manioc waste 10%, the peat composed of rotten mosses 25%, vermiculite 10%, ash 15%; This water content of substrate 40%, total porosity 75%, the content of organic matter in the butt matter 〉=25%, N+P
2O
5+ K
2O total nutrient content 4%, EC value are 0.8mS/cm, and pH is 6.0; This matrix is the granular solids of outward appearance sepia or pitchy, free from extraneous odour.
Embodiment 5:
The special-purpose soilless culture substrate of a kind of strawberry is comprised of vinegar grain, manioc waste, the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and ash, and it is characterized in that: described matrix components by volume calculates, and its ratio is: vinegar grain 40%, manioc waste 20%, the peat composed of rotten mosses 10%, vermiculite 15%, ash 15%; This water content of substrate 30%, total porosity 70%, the content of organic matter in the butt matter 〉=35%, N+P
2O
5+ K
2O total nutrient content 3.5%, EC value are 0.8mS/cm, and pH is 6.5; This matrix is the granular solids of outward appearance sepia or pitchy, free from extraneous odour.
Other 2 kinds of cultivated strawberry matrix of buying on the special-purpose soilless culture substrate of a kind of strawberry of embodiment 1 preparation and the market are used for cultivated strawberry jointly, and the comparative trial effect is as follows:
Kind: Hong Jia;
Cultivating facility: beam-connected greenhouse;
Planting type: overhead slot type cultivation
The field planting time: 2011.09.12
Select Strawberry Seedlings: selection group training detoxification original seed generation strong sprout is strawberry seedling.Strong sprout standard: about single-strain fresh weight 30g, plant height 15～18cm, the long 12～15cm of coring, well developed root system has 4 above compound leaves, the leaf look dark green, without scab, rhizome diameter 0.5～0.8cm.
Front 1～2 day of field planting spreads cultivated strawberry matrix in the cultivating groove, and plantation density is about spacing in the rows 17cm, and the field planting degree of depth is advisable to reach cotyledonary node, accomplishes not bury the heart, lower not crab rooting, and water foot and take root water, guarantee survival rate.
Control measures: 1, in time remove Lao Ye, dead leaf, sick leaf and stolon, weeds, 667m before the cover film
2Execute colza cake 200kg, the both sides of the furrow of spreading manuer in holes.Cover the unregistered land film before and after October 25, early November covers horticultural covering film, and early December covers the 2nd layer film.
2, pour water vexed canopy to break the dormancy of strawberry, impel the scape elongation.November 5 entered initial bloom stage behind the vexed canopy, in time placed honeybee, every canopy 1 case, and bee pollination can reduce malformed fruit.Enter full-bloom stage mid-November, take ventilation as main, humidity in the reduce canopy is not generally poured water, in time flower and fruit thinning.Late November enters the swollen fruit phase, control temp. and humidity, the generation of pre-preventing disease and pest.
Different substrates Fruit Cucumber yield index sees Table 1
Table 1 different substrates Fruit Cucumber yield index
Table 1 can be found out, the special-purpose soilless culture substrate of the strawberry of embodiment 1 preparation, and most of indexs are all a little more than other matrix, and test shows, the concrete good result of use of the special-purpose soilless culture substrate of strawberry of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the special-purpose soilless culture substrate of a strawberry, be comprised of vinegar grain, manioc waste, the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and ash, it is characterized in that: described matrix components by volume calculates, and its ratio is: vinegar grain 25-40%, manioc waste 10-20%, peat composed of rotten mosses 10-25%, vermiculite 10-15%, ash 5-15%; This water content of substrate 25-45%, total porosity 65-85%, the content of organic matter in the butt matter 〉=25%, total nutrient content 2-4%, the EC value is 0.5-1mS/cm, pH is 5.5-7.0; This matrix is the granular solids of outward appearance sepia or pitchy, free from extraneous odour.
2. the special-purpose soilless culture substrate of described a kind of strawberry according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described vinegar grain and manioc waste are the things that becomes thoroughly decomposed of processing by fermentation, and described fermentation process is with high temperature quick rotting agent or EM microorganism formulation vinegar grain and manioc waste to be carried out the decomposition reactor system processing; Described high temperature quick rotting agent consumption is that every 100m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 15-20kg; The consumption of described EM microorganism formulation is that every 100m3 raw material adds EM stoste 1-2kg.
3. the special-purpose soilless culture substrate of described a kind of strawberry according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described total nutrient is N+P
2O
5+ K
2O.
4. the special-purpose soilless culture substrate of described a kind of strawberry according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: this matrix formulations volume ratio is: vinegar grain 40%, manioc waste 15%, the peat composed of rotten mosses 25%, vermiculite 15%, ash 5%.
5. the special-purpose soilless culture substrate of described a kind of strawberry according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: this matrix formulations volume ratio is: vinegar grain 30%, manioc waste 15%, the peat composed of rotten mosses 25%, vermiculite 15%, ash 15%.
6. the special-purpose soilless culture substrate of described a kind of strawberry according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: this matrix physical and chemical index is: total porosity 70%, the content of organic matter 25% in the butt matter, N+P
2O
5+ K
2O total nutrient content 3%, water content 35%, EC value are 0.8mS/cm, pH is 6.5.
7. the special-purpose soilless culture substrate of described a kind of strawberry according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the described fermentation process time is 4 months.
8. the special-purpose soilless culture substrate of described a kind of strawberry according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the described fermentation process time is 6 months.
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| CN103609397A (en) * | 2013-10-12 | 2014-03-05 | 江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所 | Seedling-cultivating substrate capable of preventing and treating soil-borne diseases and production method thereof |
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| CN103804077A (en) * | 2014-01-22 | 2014-05-21 | 扬州红硕环境与生物工程研究有限公司 | Cultivation medium taking fly ash as main raw material and preparation method thereof |
| CN103875383A (en) * | 2014-02-08 | 2014-06-25 | 苏州市阳澄湖现代农业发展有限公司 | High-yield cultivation method capable of reducing strawberry malformed fruits |
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