CN113647309A - Celery organic ecological seedling raising substrate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Celery organic ecological seedling raising substrate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113647309A CN113647309A CN202110769730.8A CN202110769730A CN113647309A CN 113647309 A CN113647309 A CN 113647309A CN 202110769730 A CN202110769730 A CN 202110769730A CN 113647309 A CN113647309 A CN 113647309A
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a celery organic ecological seedling substrate and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation process of the seedling substrate comprises the following steps: washing corncob, angelica straw and mushroom residue, airing and crushing for later use; adding urea and an organic fertilizer starter into the three raw material particles, layering, stacking and watering, wherein the water content is controlled to be 60-70%; and then piling the raw material particles into a strip-shaped pile, covering a film, fermenting and decomposing, and preparing 15-20 parts of corncobs, 10-15 parts of angelica straws, 10-15 parts of shiitake mushroom residues, 20-30 parts of vermiculite and 15-20 parts of perlite into a composite matrix according to the volume ratio. The seedling culture medium disclosed by the invention takes the traditional Chinese medicinal material straws and agricultural wastes as main raw materials, solves the problems caused by the use of grass carbon and rock wool in the traditional seedling culture medium, reduces the utilization of grass carbon resources, relieves the pressure of the traditional Chinese medicinal material straws on the environment, is low in production cost, rich in medium nutrients, and less in plant diseases and insect pests in the seedling culture process, and is an energy-saving, ecological and stable special seedling culture medium for celery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and particularly relates to an organic ecological celery seedling raising matrix and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Celery and an Umbelliferae plant contain rich vitamins, proteins, dietary fibers and various mineral elements, and the planting mode mainly comprises field direct seeding and greenhouse seedling transplanting, and the two modes can realize the seasonal and staged marketing of the celery so as to ensure stable planting benefit.
The traditional vegetable seedling culture is soil seedling culture, the difficulty of controlling the temperature, the humidity, the nutrients, the pH value and the like of soil is high, parasites or pathogenic bacteria in the soil are susceptible to the root of crops to influence the healthy growth of the crops, the disease control needs to be carried out manually and periodically, the cost is high, and the seedling quality is poor. In order to overcome the defects of traditional soil seedling culture, a vegetable matrix seedling culture mode is popularized and used in a large area at present, the existing vegetable seedling culture matrix generally adopts grass peat and rock wool as main raw materials, but the grass peat belongs to non-renewable resources, the quantity is continuously reduced, the price is increased year by year, the matrix cost is improved, meanwhile, the destructive power of the excessive exploitation of the grass peat to the environment is huge, the degradation difficulty of the rock wool is large, and serious environmental pollution can be caused by long-term use. The Dingxi area of Gansu province is a famous Chinese medicinal material production base in China, a large amount of Chinese medicinal material straw waste is generated every year, certain pressure is caused on the environment, and the waste of Chinese medicinal material straw resources is serious.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects pointed out in the background technology, the invention provides an organic ecological celery seedling raising substrate and a preparation method thereof, aiming at solving the problems in the prior art in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the invention provides an organic ecological celery seedling raising matrix which comprises the following raw materials in parts by volume: 15-20 parts of corncobs, 10-15 parts of angelica straws, 10-15 parts of mushroom residues, 20-30 parts of vermiculite and 15-20 parts of perlite.
Preferably, the corncob is added with 0.5-0.65% of urea by mass, the angelica straw is added with 0.45-0.5% of urea by mass, and the mushroom residue is added with 0.25-0.34% of urea by mass.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the raw materials in the seedling substrate is corncob: chinese angelica straw: mushroom dregs: vermiculite: perlite is 3:2:2:4: 3.
The invention further provides a preparation method of the celery organic ecological seedling raising substrate, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials: washing dust and impurities on fresh and dried moldless corncobs, angelica straws and mushroom residues, airing for 3-5 days in the sun, and crushing into particles with the particle size of 1.5-3cm for later use;
(2) preparing raw materials: according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the raw materials, respectively adding a certain amount of urea and an organic fertilizer starter into corncob particles, Chinese angelica straw particles and mushroom residue particles, fully and uniformly mixing, respectively layering and stacking different raw material particles, wetting and permeating the different raw material particles by using clear water, controlling the water content to be 60-70%, and enabling each layer to be 25-30cm high when the raw material particles are stacked;
(3) fermenting and decomposing: respectively piling up corncob particles, Chinese angelica straw particles and mushroom residue particles into bar-shaped piles, covering a transparent plastic film for sealing, and carrying out high-temperature aerobic fermentation;
(4) preparing a matrix: after fermentation and decomposition, taking 15-20 parts of fermented and decomposed corncob particles, 10-15 parts of angelica straw particles, 10-15 parts of mushroom residue particles, 20-30 parts of vermiculite and 15-20 parts of perlite according to volume ratio to prepare the composite substrate.
Preferably, in the step (2), the mass ratio of the urea to the corncob granules is 0.5-0.65%, the mass ratio of the urea to the angelica straw granules is 0.45-0.5%, and the mass ratio of the urea to the shiitake mushroom residue granules is 0.25-0.34%.
Preferably, in the step (2), the mass ratio of the corncob particles, the angelica straw particles and the mushroom residue particles to the organic fertilizer starter is 40: 1.
preferably, in the step (3), the stack is turned once every 5 to 7 days in the fermentation process, the stack is shaken and stirred sufficiently and uniformly during turning, the adjustment is carried out according to the water content of the stack, the over-wet stack is spread and dried, the water spray humidity adjustment is carried out on the over-dry stack, and the water content of the stack is judged according to the fact that water drops seep out but do not drip between finger joints of the stack when the stack is held by hands.
Preferably, in the step (3), the outside temperature is stabilized at 15 ℃ or higher during the fermentation.
Preferably, in the step (4), the fermented and decomposed materials are judged according to the conditions that the temperature of the stockpile is close to the ambient temperature, the color is brown or black brown, the volume is less than or equal to half of the original volume, the pH value is 5.50-8.50, the EC is 150.00-290.00 (& 10 Mus/cm), and the C/N is 16-20.
Compared with the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the celery seedling raising substrate, agricultural waste materials such as corncobs, Chinese angelica straws and mushroom residues are used as main raw materials of the celery seedling raising substrate, so that the problems caused by the fact that the traditional substrate adopts grass carbon and rock wool as the main raw materials are solved, the production cost of the substrate is reduced, and the recycling of the agricultural waste is realized. The celery seedling raising substrate takes the angelica sinensis straw as one of the main raw materials of the celery seedling raising substrate, the pressure of the angelica sinensis straw on the environment can be reduced, the prepared seedling raising substrate is rich in nutrient content, few in plant diseases and insect pests in the seedling raising process, short in production period and simple in process, is an energy-saving, ecological and stable celery special seedling raising substrate, and is strong in popularization and application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of an organic ecological celery seedling raising matrix comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials: washing dust and impurities attached to fresh and mildew-free corn cob, angelica straw and mushroom residue with clear water, drying in the sun for 3-5 days, and pulverizing into particles with particle size of 1.5-3cm with a multifunctional feed hay cutter after the raw materials are dried to obtain three raw material particles for later use.
(2) Preparing raw materials: according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the raw materials, urea is added into the corncob particles, the Chinese angelica straw particles and the mushroom residue particles respectively, and because a carbon source and a nitrogen source have very important influence in the biological growth process, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is over high and over low and is not beneficial to plant growth. Therefore, after the carbon-nitrogen ratios of the three raw material particles are adjusted to 25-30, respectively adding an organic fertilizer starter, and respectively and fully mixing the three raw material particles, wherein the mass ratio of the urea added into the corncob particles to the corncob particles is 0.5-0.65%, the mass ratio of the urea added into the angelica straw particles to the angelica straw particles is 0.45-0.5%, the mass ratio of the urea added into the shiitake mushroom residue particles to the shiitake mushroom residue particles is 0.25-0.34%, and the mass ratios of the raw material particles to the organic fertilizer starter of the organic fertilizer starter, which are respectively added into the three raw material particles, are 40: 1 is the best, then different straw particles are stacked in layers respectively, each layer is 25-30cm high, and the straw particles are wetted and permeated by clear water, and the water content is controlled to be 60-70%.
(3) Fermenting and decomposing: respectively piling up the corncob particles, the angelica straw particles and the mushroom residue particles into bar-shaped piles with the width of 1.0 meter, the height of 0.5 meter and unlimited length, covering a transparent plastic film for sealing, and carrying out high-temperature aerobic fermentation, wherein the outside temperature is stabilized above 15 ℃ in the fermentation process; turning the piles once every 5 to 7 days, fully shaking and uniformly stirring the piles during turning, properly adjusting according to the water content of the piles, tedding the over-wet piles, spraying water to adjust the humidity of the over-dry piles, and optimally adjusting the water content of the piles according to the condition that water drops seep out but do not drip between finger joints of the piles when the piles are tightly held by hands.
(4) Preparing a matrix: when the materials are fermented for 60-70 days, the temperature of the stockpile is close to the ambient temperature, the color is brown or black brown, the volume is half or less of the original volume, the pH value is 5.50-8.50, the EC is 150.00-290.00 (& lt 10 mu s/cm), the C/N is 16-20, the mark of fermentation and decomposition is obtained, and after decomposition, 15-20 parts of fermented and decomposed corncobs, 10-15 parts of angelica straws and 10-15 parts of mushroom residues, 20-30 parts of vermiculite and 15-20 parts of perlite are taken according to the volume ratio to prepare the composite matrix. Compared with the traditional soil seedling celery test, the seedling substrate provided by the invention has the advantages that the yield and the quality of celery seedlings cultivated by adopting the composite seedling substrate are greatly improved.
Example 2
The growth characteristics of celery seedlings cultivated by the seedling substrate prepared by the invention are tested and researched:
the method is carried out in the civil town Pioneer village in Nengxi city in 2019, 25 months, the variety of the celery to be tested is imperial concubine, the proportion of the raw materials which are not suitable for celery seedling raising is removed through screening the raw material dosage in the early stage, the following 4 raw material dosage proportions are preliminarily determined as the research content of the test, and the 4 raw material dosage proportions are specifically as follows: the volume ratio of fully fermented and decomposed corncobs is as follows: chinese angelica straw: mushroom dregs: vermiculite: the substrate seedling culture of perlite which is 3:2:2:4:3 is treatment 1, and the volume ratio is that of corncobs: chinese angelica straw: mushroom dregs: vermiculite: the substrate seedling culture of perlite which is 4:3:3:6:4 is treatment 2, and the volume ratio is that of corncobs: chinese angelica straw: mushroom dregs: vermiculite: medium culture with pearlite (3: 3:2:4: 3)The seedlings are treated for 3, and the volume ratio is corncob: chinese angelica straw: mushroom dregs: vermiculite: culturing the seedlings by using a substrate with perlite being 4:2:2:4:3 as treatment 4; in order to compare the substrate seedling of the invention with the traditional seedling, the traditional soil seedling is used as a contrast 1 in the experiment, and the volume ratio of the traditional formula substrate is turf: vermiculite: perlite is 2:1:1 seedling culture as control 2, and the area of each cell is 50m2The control and treatment were carried out in 128-hole trays. In the experiment, except for different seedling culture matrixes, the rest of field management and fertilizer and water application are the same.
And (4) counting the physiological growth condition of each treated seedling before the field transplantation of 5-month-30 days in 2019. The test results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 average physiological growth index of each treated celery seedling
It can be known from table 1 that when preparing the composite matrix, each component adopts different proportions to generate different degrees of influence on the plant height, stem weight, leaf area, root weight, root activity and seedling strengthening index of the celery seedling, in the experiment, the stem weight, root activity and seedling strengthening index of the celery seedling are the highest in the treatment 1, and are obviously different from the control and other treatments, and the volume ratio of each component of the matrix is preliminarily screened out as corncob by comparing the physiological growth indexes of the celery seedlings in each test area: chinese angelica straw: mushroom dregs: vermiculite: the formula of the substrate with perlite of 3:2:2:4:3 has the best effect, and the growth quality of the seedlings is better.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An organic ecological celery seedling raising matrix is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by volume: 15-20 parts of corncobs, 10-15 parts of angelica straws, 10-15 parts of mushroom residues, 20-30 parts of vermiculite and 15-20 parts of perlite.
2. The celery organic ecological type seedling raising substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the corncobs are added with urea with a mass ratio of 0.5-0.65%, the angelica sinensis straws are added with urea with a mass ratio of 0.45-0.5%, and the mushroom dregs are added with urea with a mass ratio of 0.25-0.34%.
3. The celery organic ecological type seedling raising substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of the raw materials in the cultivation substrate is corncob: chinese angelica straw: mushroom dregs: vermiculite: perlite is 3:2:2:4: 3.
4. The preparation method of the celery organic ecological type seedling raising substrate as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials: washing fresh and dried moldless corncob, angelica straw and mushroom residue, airing in the sun for 3-5 days, and crushing into particles with the particle size of 1.5-3cm for later use;
(2) preparing raw materials: according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the raw materials, respectively adding a certain amount of urea and an organic fertilizer starter into corncob particles, Chinese angelica straw particles and mushroom residue particles, fully and uniformly mixing, respectively layering and stacking different raw material particles, wetting and permeating the different raw material particles by using clear water, controlling the water content to be 60-70%, and enabling each layer to be 25-30cm high when the raw material particles are stacked;
(3) fermenting and decomposing: respectively piling up corncob particles, Chinese angelica straw particles and mushroom residue particles into bar-shaped piles, covering a transparent plastic film for sealing, and carrying out high-temperature aerobic fermentation;
(4) preparing a matrix: after fermentation and decomposition, taking 15-20 parts of fermented and decomposed corncob particles, 10-15 parts of angelica straw particles, 10-15 parts of mushroom residue particles, 20-30 parts of vermiculite and 15-20 parts of perlite according to volume ratio to prepare the composite substrate.
5. The method for preparing an organic ecological celery seedling raising substrate as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step (2), the mass ratio of the urea to the corncob granules is 0.5-0.65%, the mass ratio of the urea to the angelica sinensis straw granules is 0.45-0.5%, and the mass ratio of the urea to the shiitake mushroom residue granules is 0.25-0.34%.
6. The preparation method of the celery organic ecological type seedling raising substrate as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step (2), the mass ratio of the corncob granules, the angelica sinensis straw granules and the mushroom residue granules to the organic fertilizer leavening agent is 40: 1.
7. the preparation method of the celery organic ecological type seedling raising substrate as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step (3), the stack is turned once every 5-7 days in the fermentation process, the stack is shaken and stirred sufficiently and uniformly during the turning process, the adjustment is carried out according to the water content of the stack, the excessively wet stack is tedded, the water spraying and humidity adjustment are carried out on the excessively dry stack, and the water content of the stack is judged according to the fact that water drops seep out but do not drip between finger seams of the stack which is tightly held by hands.
8. The preparation method of the celery organic ecological type seedling raising substrate as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step (3), the outside air temperature is stabilized at more than 15 ℃ in the fermentation process.
9. The preparation method of the celery organic ecological type seedling raising substrate as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step (4), the judgment of fermentation and maturity is based on that the temperature of the compost is close to the ambient temperature, the color is brown or black brown, the volume is less than or equal to half of the original volume, the pH is 5.50-8.50, the EC is 150.00-290.00 (& 10 mus/cm), and the C/N is 16-20.
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| CN202110769730.8A CN113647309A (en) | 2021-07-07 | 2021-07-07 | Celery organic ecological seedling raising substrate and preparation method thereof |
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Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101697705A (en) * | 2009-11-06 | 2010-04-28 | 西北农林科技大学 | Soilless culture organic matrix used for tomato seedling raising and preparation method thereof |
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