CN103609316A - Cultivation method for planting spring rice-stubble potatoes through livestock manure fertilizing, ditch expanding and soil heaping - Google Patents
Cultivation method for planting spring rice-stubble potatoes through livestock manure fertilizing, ditch expanding and soil heaping Download PDFInfo
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- CN103609316A CN103609316A CN201310641417.1A CN201310641417A CN103609316A CN 103609316 A CN103609316 A CN 103609316A CN 201310641417 A CN201310641417 A CN 201310641417A CN 103609316 A CN103609316 A CN 103609316A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for planting spring rice-stubble potatoes through livestock manure fertilizing, ditch expanding and soil heaping. The method includes the first step of making a furrow, wherein the width of the furrow surface is 100cm, and the width of a furrow ditch is 40cm, the second step of laying manure, wherein 100 piculs of livestock manure per mu is applied in the empty space on the furrow surface, the third step of making a deep ditch timely after laying the manure, wherein the furrow ditch is opened 25cm below the field surface, soil blocks are moved and placed in the furrow to form a soil ridge with the width of 30cm, and the soil ridge with the width of 30cm and soil ridges beside the furrow form two seeding ditches with the width of 15cm and the depth of 13cm, the fourth step of seeding, wherein the number of seeding lines in each furrow is two, the line spacing is 45cm, and the row spacing is 26cm, the fifth step of earthing, wherein the furrow ditch is cleared, the furrow surface is flattened, and potatoes are earthed up, the sixth step of heaping soil, wherein ditch expanding and soil heaping are carried out when the height of seedlings reaches 20cm or so, and the heaped soil is 16cm higher than the field surface, and the seventh step of doing daily field management well.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the methods of cultivation of potato, relate in particular to southern rice stubble field in winter slack and expand the foster and apply fertilizer methods of cultivation of plantation spring potato of ditch hilling chicken manure or pig manure.
Background technology
After the autumn harvest of south China paddy rice, double rice cropping system autumn planting area is few, winter slack, field area was many, the field in winter slack that also there is certain area in the semilate rice district of rice wheat (oil) double cropping and late rice district, field plantation in winter slack spring potato can develop area, the sowing area that is equivalent to more than 7,000 ten thousand mu of potatos China's whole year, southern rice stubble Tian Shi in winter slack China grain-production new growth point.Potato is half cold-resistant crop of nutritious grain dish dual-purpose, and property happiness cools, and is afraid of frost, avoid sweltering heat, preference temperature is grown in the environment of 15-20 ℃, when temperature surpasses 25 ℃, ground stem stops expanding, but temperature is lower than 0 ℃, and the branches and leaves of acrial part also can be withered.As long as seedling is not subject to the harm of frost after being unearthed, the early sowing of just should trying one's best, this is because potato is during nourishing and growing, not too responsive to thermotonus, and it is comparatively responsive to thermotonus to have arrived potato piece expanding stage.The half hardy characteristic of potato is the desirable kind plant in field in winter slack, South Rice Region of China.Potato, about the 100 days time of infertility, also can suitably be gathered in the crops in advance, although affect the output of stem tuber, in the alternately shortage of spring and summer vegetables, in the period that dish valency is higher, can ensure supply, and stabilizes dish valency, enriches market.The potato going on the market in advance, about the price while conventionally gathering in the crops than large area will double, thereby the output value can not reduce.Potato is tuber crops, compares with large (little) wheat with rape, has suitably the advantage of results in advance, and the technology such as supporting potato film-mulching cultivation, can accomplish to rise stubble in good time and plant early rice, in more can not affecting, the planting season of late rice.Potato stubble is better than the soil structure in field in winter slack, is conducive to paddy rice and early sends out high yield.The high yield techniques such as potato detoxicating, stock breeding, plastic mulching at present are all widely applied, rice stubble field in winter slack is the desirable crops for rotation of spring potato, why can not get applying? reason is that rice stubble soil knot tying granular structure is poor, can not meet the growth needs of High Yield Potato high-quality.The innovation methods of cultivation, rationally irrigation and drainage, improve solid, liquid, gas three in soil and compare, and create good soil structure, and fertilizing soil, realizes rice stubble field in winter slack plantation spring High Yield Potato stable yields good quality ，Jiang Dui China's grain and vegetables production produces far-reaching influence.
At present, the potato farming of rice stubble spring adopts to plough beats cave implantation methods, and concrete grammar comprises the following steps.
1, plough, after autumn harvesting and sowing finishes, the dark 13cm of rice stubble plate Tagayasu Den left and right, soil block is dry wet freeze thawing improvement soil through 1-2 month.
2, do furrow, seedbed preparation, furrow face width 120cm, furrow furrow width 40cm, furrow ditch depth arrives 15cm under the face of field, holostrome hack leveling furrow face.
3, beat cave, the dark 10cm in cave, furrow face distance between rows and hills 40 * 35cm, furrow ditch is at the average 53.3 * 35cm of interior distance between rows and hills, every mu of 3573 caves.
4, base manure, composite chemical fertilizer is executed in cave, the potato seed of semi supplied manure lid.
5, sowing, the In The Middle And Lower Reaches of two sides, the Changjiang river, the potato sowing phase in spring in late January to early Febuary, southward corresponding in advance.Before potato seed is put in cave, chemical fertilizer and soil are mixed and stirred and prevents from hindering potato seedling.
6, earthing, ditch cleaning ridging, leveling furrow face, potato seed overburden layer 8cm.
7, management, application breeding, the technology such as vernalization sowing, intertillage reason ditch, imposes fertilizer, control disease pest and weed etc.
Above-mentioned rice stubble is ploughed and is beaten cave plantation spring potato, has following defect.
1, time-consuming, rice stubble is ploughed, and does furrow corrugate, and it is time-consuming that holostrome hack is beaten cave wholely.
2, delay season, plough whole ground, beat bunch planting kind, run into the impact of sleet sky and sow wholely, often delay season.
3, stain evil is serious, ploughs and plays cave plantation, and the poor furrow ditch of soil layer utilization is shallow, the easy ponding of impeded drainage, and potato stain evil is serious.
4, overburden layer is thin, and potato raw is only intertilled ditch cleaning for a long time, and on potato seed, overburden layer is thin, the unfavorable how long potato potato of growing up.
5, fertilizer is few, and rice stubble field in winter slack plantation potato generally be take chemical fertilizer as main, lacks fertilizer.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is in order to overcome the potato farming of existing rice stubble spring time-consumingly, delay season, stain evil is serious, overburden layer is thin, the defect that fertilizer is few, plants the shortage of potato fertilizer on the one hand, and chicken house chicken manure or pig farm pig manure can not get application and contaminated environment on the other hand.Field plantation in winter slack potato is combined with batch production chicken farm or piggery breeding, utilizes chicken manure or pig manure to broadcast front fertilizing soil, accomplishes that improvement of soil fertility, soil layer are deep, rational in infrastructure, and a kind of rice stubble spring potato expansion ditch hilling animal dung methods of cultivation of fostering and apply fertilizer are provided.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of rice stubble spring potato expand the ditch hilling animal dung methods of cultivation of fostering and apply fertilizer, comprise the following steps.
A) do furrow, the mid or late November after autumn harvesting and sowing finishes, directly on rice stubble plate field, setting-out corrugate was done furrow to early and middle ten days in December.Furrow face width 100cm, furrow furrow width 40cm, furrow ditch both sides are ploughed, the wide 20cm of corrugate soil block, thick 13cm, fitly ploughs on furrow limit, forms the rib of high 13cm.
B) paving excrement, every mu 100 animal dung of carrying on a shoulder pole through composting high temperature sterilization, uniform spreading is executed in the empty width of furrow face 60cm.
C) zanjon, timely zanjon after paving excrement, people longitudinally stands in furrow ditch, and furrow ditch hoe is arrived to 25cm under the face of field deeply, soil block is moved up in furrow simultaneously, stacks into the wide rib of 30cm, with 2 seed furrows that 15cm is wide, 13cm is dark of furrow limit rib formation.
D) sowing, with reference to the suitable date of seeding of locality spring potato, It's better to be too early than too late, gets the jump on the winter Mo sowing of alternate freezing and thawing crisp pastry soil.With planting dish spud, animal dung is moved on between two sowing points, potato seed is placed on plate field, conveniently with the drowning potato seed of loosening the soil.The every drill seeding 2 row, these furrow distance between rows and hills 45 * 26cm, every furrow distance between rows and hills 95 * 26cm, average row spacing in the rows 70 * 26cm, every mu of sowing 3663 caves.
E) earthing, hugs the crisp soil of furrow sides, clear furrow ditch, and soil crushing, flat furrow face, covers the 10cm layer that loosens the soil on rice stubble plate field.
F) hilling, potato set grows tall and expands ditch hilling about 20cm, and the 7.5cm of furrow side is all cut out on both sides, heap soil or fertilizer over and around the roots limit, sideline judge limit ditch cleaning, furrow face is stopped up the high above 16cm of field face of arriving.
G) management, carries out daily field management.
Further, step recited above is done furrow, paving excrement, zanjon, after doing furrow zanjon, first zanjon, furrow ditch is uprooted to 25cm under the face of field, soil block is moved up in furrow, stack into the wide rib of 30cm simultaneously, form 2 seed furrows that 15cm is wide, 13cm is dark with furrow limit rib, then the animal dung uniform spreading through composting high temperature sterilization is executed in seed furrow.
Further, animal dung recited above is chicken manure.
Further, animal dung recited above is pig manure.
Owing to having adopted technique scheme, the rice stubble spring potato expand the ditch hilling animal dung methods of cultivation of fostering and apply fertilizer, save full Tagayasu Den and turn over, beat cave and reduce intertill and clean tillage number of times, main farming operation completes to get furrow ditch soil heap soil or fertilizer over and around the roots furrow face, simplifies and gets twice the result with half the effort.Utilize the characteristic of rice stubble field in winter slack soil, comply with the feature of south weather in spring, adapt to the habit of potato tubers growth, per unit area yield is 2500 kilograms of left and right, and mu amplification reaches 80%.The present invention has realized the potato high and stable yields of rice stubble spring, collects field plantation in winter slack potato, and chicken farm chicken manure or piggery pig manure fertilizing soil, preserve the ecological environment, and development grain vegetables is produced, and economic, social, Ecological Effect Yidu is improved.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1.
The live rice stubble spring potato of mud field of soil is expanded the ditch hilling chicken manure methods of cultivation of fostering and apply fertilizer, and takes following steps.
A) ditching, the mud field of living after autumn harvest is dug matrix pattern or intersecting parallels ditch, and drain ditch outside dredging field, reduces water in field position, makes the dry and comfortable suitable farming in plate field.
B) do furrow, furrow face width 100cm, furrow furrow width 40cm, furrow ditch both sides are ploughed, the wide 20cm of corrugate soil block, thick 13cm, fitly ploughs on furrow limit, forms the rib of high 13cm.
C) paving excrement, every mu 100 chicken manure of carrying on a shoulder pole through composting high temperature sterilization, uniform spreading is executed in the empty width of furrow face 60cm.
D) zanjon, timely zanjon after paving excrement, arrives 25cm under the face of field deeply furrow ditch hoe, soil block is moved up in furrow simultaneously, stacks into the wide rib of 30cm, and 2 15cm are wide with the formation of furrow limit rib, the seed furrow that 13cm is dark.
E) sowing, suitable the broadcasting in early days of local spring potato, the sowing of the winter Mo of alternate freezing and thawing crisp pastry soil.With planting dish spud, chicken manure is moved on between two sowing points, potato seed is placed on plate field, conveniently with the drowning potato seed of loosening the soil.The every drill seeding 2 row, these furrow distance between rows and hills 45 * 26cm, every furrow distance between rows and hills 95 * 26cm, average row spacing in the rows 70 * 26cm, every mu of sowing 3663 caves.
F) earthing, hugs the crisp soil of furrow sides, clear furrow ditch, and soil crushing, flat furrow face, covers the 10cm layer that loosens the soil on rice stubble plate field.
G) hilling, potato set grows tall and expands ditch hilling about 20cm, and the 7.5cm of furrow side is all cut out on both sides, heap soil or fertilizer over and around the roots limit, sideline judge limit ditch cleaning, furrow face is stopped up the high above 16cm of field face of arriving.
H) management, carries out daily field management.
Embodiment 2.
Do rice stubble spring potato after furrow zanjon and expand the ditch hilling pig manure methods of cultivation of fostering and apply fertilizer, take following steps.
A) do furrow, the mid or late November after autumn harvesting and sowing finishes, on rice stubble plate field, setting-out corrugate was done furrow to early and middle ten days in December.Furrow face width 100cm, furrow furrow width 40cm, furrow ditch both sides are ploughed, the wide 20cm of corrugate soil block, thick 13cm, fitly ploughs on furrow limit, forms the rib of high 13cm.
B) zanjon, does after furrow zanjon in time, soil block is moved up in furrow furrow ditch hoe is dark to 25cm under the face of field simultaneously, stacks into the wide rib of 30cm, and to form 2 15cm wide with furrow limit rib, the seed furrow that 13cm is dark.
C) paving excrement, every mu 100 pig manure of carrying on a shoulder pole through composting high temperature sterilization, uniform spreading is executed in the empty width of furrow face 60cm.
D) sowing, moves on to pig manure between two sowing points with planting dish spud, potato seed is placed on the plate field in seed furrow, conveniently with the drowning potato seed of loosening the soil.The every drill seeding 2 row, these furrow distance between rows and hills 45 * 26cm, every furrow distance between rows and hills 95 * 26cm, average row spacing in the rows 70 * 26cm, every mu of sowing 3663 caves.
E) earthing, hugs the crisp soil of furrow sides, clear furrow ditch, and flat furrow face, lid potato seed, covers the 10cm layer that loosens the soil on rice stubble plate field.
F) hilling, ditch hilling is expanded in grow tall about 20cm of potato set, and the 7.5cm of furrow side is all cut out on both sides, heap soil or fertilizer over and around the roots limit, sideline judge limit ditch cleaning, furrow face is stopped up high to 16cm on the face of field.
G) management, carries out daily field management.
Claims (4)
1. potato is expanded the ditch hilling animal dung methods of cultivation of fostering and apply fertilizer the rice stubble spring, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
A) do furrow, directly on the rice stubble plate field of not ploughing, setting-out corrugate is done furrow, furrow face width 100cm, and furrow furrow width 40cm, the wide 20cm of corrugate soil block, thick 13cm, fitly ploughs in furrow face edge 20cm;
B) paving excrement, every mu 100 animal dung of carrying on a shoulder pole through composting high temperature sterilization, uniform spreading is executed in the empty width of furrow face 60cm;
C) zanjon, timely zanjon after paving excrement, furrow ditch is uprooted 25cm under the face of field, soil block is moved up in furrow simultaneously, stacks into the wide rib of 30cm, forms 2 seed furrows that 15cm is wide, 13cm is dark with furrow limit rib;
D) sowing, every drill seeding kind 2 row, line-spacing 45cm, spacing in the rows 26cm;
E) earthing, the clear flat furrow face of furrow ditch, the potato seed of earthing lid;
F) hilling, potato height of seedling 20cm expands ditch hilling, 16cm on the face of hilling elevation field in left and right;
G) management, carries out daily field management.
2. potato is expanded the ditch hilling animal dung methods of cultivation of fostering and apply fertilizer rice stubble spring according to claim 1, it is characterized in that step recited above does furrow, paving excrement, zanjon, after doing furrow zanjon, first zanjon, furrow ditch is uprooted to 25cm under the face of field, soil block is moved up in furrow, stack into the wide rib of 30cm simultaneously, form 2 seed furrows that 15cm is wide, 13cm is dark with furrow limit rib, then the animal dung uniform spreading through composting high temperature sterilization is executed in seed furrow.
3. potato is expanded the ditch hilling animal dung methods of cultivation of fostering and apply fertilizer rice stubble spring according to claim 2, it is characterized in that animal dung recited above is chicken manure.
4. potato is expanded the ditch hilling animal dung methods of cultivation of fostering and apply fertilizer rice stubble spring according to claim 2, it is characterized in that animal dung recited above is pig manure.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310641417.1A CN103609316A (en) | 2013-12-04 | 2013-12-04 | Cultivation method for planting spring rice-stubble potatoes through livestock manure fertilizing, ditch expanding and soil heaping |
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| CN201310641417.1A CN103609316A (en) | 2013-12-04 | 2013-12-04 | Cultivation method for planting spring rice-stubble potatoes through livestock manure fertilizing, ditch expanding and soil heaping |
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Citations (3)
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| RU2226339C1 (en) * | 2002-07-23 | 2004-04-10 | Северо-Кавказский НИИ горного и предгорного сельского хозяйства | Method for cultivation of ecologically clean potato |
| CN1723752A (en) * | 2005-07-20 | 2006-01-25 | 湖南南方马铃薯产业化工程技术有限公司 | Method for growing potato in rice-field of slack season in winter |
| CN101548617A (en) * | 2009-04-18 | 2009-10-07 | 狄正兴 | No-tillage no-hole cultivation method for direct-sowing rape in rice stubble |
-
2013
- 2013-12-04 CN CN201310641417.1A patent/CN103609316A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2226339C1 (en) * | 2002-07-23 | 2004-04-10 | Северо-Кавказский НИИ горного и предгорного сельского хозяйства | Method for cultivation of ecologically clean potato |
| CN1723752A (en) * | 2005-07-20 | 2006-01-25 | 湖南南方马铃薯产业化工程技术有限公司 | Method for growing potato in rice-field of slack season in winter |
| CN101548617A (en) * | 2009-04-18 | 2009-10-07 | 狄正兴 | No-tillage no-hole cultivation method for direct-sowing rape in rice stubble |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
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| 姚永成等: "稻茬马铃薯稻草地膜双覆盖免耕高产栽培技术", 《中国农技推广》 * |
| 李挺: "马铃薯-双季稻新三熟制的特点及栽培技术", 《作物杂志》 * |
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Application publication date: 20140305 |