CN103583224A - Rice stubble spring potato furrow-expanding hilling straw field returning cultivation method - Google Patents
Rice stubble spring potato furrow-expanding hilling straw field returning cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103583224A CN103583224A CN201310643128.5A CN201310643128A CN103583224A CN 103583224 A CN103583224 A CN 103583224A CN 201310643128 A CN201310643128 A CN 201310643128A CN 103583224 A CN103583224 A CN 103583224A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rice stubble spring potato furrow-expanding hilling straw field returning cultivation method which includes the steps of (1) making rectangular land pieces, enabling the widths of the rectangular land piece faces to be 100cm, and enabling the widths of rectangular land piece furrows to be 40cm, (2) paving fields with straw, and enabling all the straw to be returned to the fields and pave the rectangular land piece faces, (3) timely deepening the furrows after the rectangular land pieces are made, enabling the depths of the rectangular land piece furrows to be 25cm lower than the field faces in a hoed mode, and carrying soil blocks into the rectangular land pieces to form soil ribs with the widths of 30cm to form two seeding furrows with the widths of 15cm and the depths of 13cm between the soil ribs and rectangular land piece-edge soil ribs, (4) seeding two lines of potatoes in each rectangular land piece, and enabling the line distances to be 45cm and the plant distances to be 26cm, (5) applying base fertilizers, (6) covering the rectangular land pieces with soil, clearing the rectangular land piece furrows, flattening the rectangular land piece faces, and covering potato seeds with the soil, (7) carrying out hilling, when the heights of seedlings are about 20cm, expanding the furrows, and carrying out hilling to enable the heights of the hilled positions to be 16-18cm higher than the field faces, and (8) carrying out management, and achieving daily field management.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the methods of cultivation of potato, relate in particular to the methods of cultivation that ditch hilling straw incorporation plantation spring potato is expanded in southern rice stubble field in winter slack.
Background technology
After the autumn harvest of south China paddy rice, double rice cropping system autumn planting area is few, winter slack, field area was many, the field in winter slack that also there is certain area in the semilate rice district of rice wheat (oil) double cropping and late rice district, field plantation in winter slack spring potato can develop area, the sowing area that is equivalent to more than 7,000 ten thousand mu of potatos China's whole year, southern rice stubble Tian Shi in winter slack China grain-production new growth point.Potato is half cold-resistant crop of nutritious grain dish dual-purpose, and property happiness cools, and is afraid of frost, avoid sweltering heat, preference temperature is grown in the environment of 15-20 ℃, when temperature surpasses 25 ℃, ground stem stops expanding, but temperature is lower than 0 ℃, and the branches and leaves of acrial part also can be withered.As long as seedling is not subject to the harm of frost after being unearthed, the early sowing of just should trying one's best, this is because potato is during nourishing and growing, not too responsive to thermotonus, and it is comparatively responsive to thermotonus to have arrived potato piece expanding stage.The half hardy characteristic of potato is the desirable kind plant in field in winter slack, South Rice Region of China.Potato, about the 100 days time of infertility, also can suitably be gathered in the crops in advance, although affect the output of stem tuber, in the alternately shortage of spring and summer vegetables, in the period that dish valency is higher, can ensure supply, and stabilizes dish valency, enriches market.The potato going on the market in advance, about the price while conventionally gathering in the crops than large area will double, thereby the output value can not reduce.Potato is tuber crops, compares with large (little) wheat with rape, has suitably the advantage of results in advance, and the technology such as supporting potato film-mulching cultivation, can accomplish to rise stubble in good time and plant early rice, in more can not affecting, the planting season of late rice.Potato stubble is better than the soil structure in field in winter slack, is conducive to paddy rice and early sends out high yield.The high yield techniques such as potato detoxicating, stock breeding, plastic mulching at present are all widely applied, rice stubble field in winter slack is the desirable crops for rotation of spring potato, why can not get applying? reason is that rice stubble soil knot tying granular structure is poor, can not meet the growth needs of High Yield Potato high-quality.The innovation methods of cultivation, rationally irrigation and drainage, improve solid, liquid, gas three in soil and compare, and creation good soil structure, realizes rice stubble field in winter slack plantation spring High Yield Potato stable yields good quality ，Jiang Dui China's grain and vegetables production produces far-reaching influence.
At present, the potato farming of rice stubble spring adopts to plough beats cave implantation methods, and concrete grammar comprises the following steps.
1, plough, after autumn harvesting and sowing finishes, plough front on-site incineration straw, the dark 13cm of rice stubble plate Tagayasu Den left and right, soil block is dry wet freeze thawing improvement soil through 1-2 month.
2, do furrow, seedbed preparation, furrow face width 120cm, furrow furrow width 40cm, furrow ditch depth arrives 15cm under the face of field, holostrome hack leveling furrow face.
3, beat cave, the dark 10cm in cave, furrow face distance between rows and hills 40 * 35cm, furrow ditch is at the average 53.3 * 35cm of interior distance between rows and hills, every mu of 3573 caves.
4, base manure, composite chemical fertilizer is executed in cave, the potato seed of semi supplied manure lid.
5, sowing, the In The Middle And Lower Reaches of two sides, the Changjiang river, the potato sowing phase in spring in late January to early Febuary, southward corresponding in advance.Before potato seed is put in cave, chemical fertilizer and soil are mixed and stirred and prevents from hindering potato seedling.
6, earthing, ditch cleaning ridging, leveling furrow face, potato seed overburden layer 8cm.
7, management, the technology such as application breeding, vernalization sowing, carry out intertillage reason ditch, impose fertilizer, the daily managements mission such as control disease pest and weed.
Above-mentioned rice stubble is ploughed and is beaten cave plantation spring potato, has following defect.
1, time-consuming, rice stubble is ploughed, and does furrow corrugate, and it is time-consuming that holostrome hack is beaten cave wholely.
2, delay season, plough whole ground, beat bunch planting kind, run into the impact of sleet sky and sow wholely, often delay season.
3, stain evil is serious, ploughs and plays cave plantation, and the poor furrow ditch of soil layer utilization is shallow, the easy ponding of impeded drainage, and potato stain evil is serious.
4, overburden layer is thin, and potato raw is only intertilled ditch cleaning for a long time, and on potato seed, overburden layer is thin, the unfavorable how long potato potato of growing up.
5, straw cannot be gone back field, ploughs and beats also field of cave plantation rice straw for potato.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is in order to overcome the potato farming of existing rice stubble spring time-consuming, delay season, stain evil is serious, overburden layer is thin, straw is the defect in field also, when solving topsoil crisp pastry, also soil structure reasonable soil layer in field is deep to accomplish total straw, and a kind of rice stubble spring potato expansion ditch hilling straw incorporation methods of cultivation are provided.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of rice stubble spring potato expansion ditch hilling straw incorporation methods of cultivation, comprise the following steps.
A) do furrow, the mid or late November after autumn harvesting and sowing finishes, on rice stubble plate field, setting-out corrugate was done furrow to early and middle ten days in December.Furrow face width 100cm, furrow furrow width 40cm, furrow ditch both sides are ploughed, the wide 20cm of corrugate soil block, thick 13cm, fitly ploughs on furrow limit, forms the rib of high 13cm.
B) litter, total straw is field also, and evenly bedding is in the empty width of furrow face 60cm.
C) zanjon, does after furrow zanjon in time, and people longitudinally stands in furrow ditch, soil block is moved up in furrow and, on straw, stacks into the wide rib of 30cm furrow ditch hoe is dark to 25cm under the face of field simultaneously, forms 2 seed furrows that 15cm is wide, 13cm is dark with furrow limit rib.
D) base manure: before potato sowing, row application is in seed furrow on straw.
E) sowing: push straw aside potato seed is placed on the plate field in seed furrow, with the drowning potato seed of loosening the soil, the every drill seeding 2 row, these furrow distance between rows and hills 45 * 26cm, every mu of sowing 3663 caves.
F) earthing, after planting earthing immediately, hugs the crisp soil of furrow side, clear furrow ditch, soil crushing, flat furrow face, covers the 10cm layer that loosens the soil on rice stubble plate field.
G) hilling, potato set grows tall and expands ditch hilling about 20cm, and the 7-7.5cm of furrow side is all cut out on both sides, heap soil or fertilizer over and around the roots limit, sideline judge limit ditch cleaning, furrow face is stopped up the high above 16-18cm of field face of arriving.
H) management, carries out daily field management.
Further, described step is done furrow, is littered, zanjon, it is first zanjon after doing furrow, furrow ditch hoe is arrived to 25cm under the face of field deeply, soil block is moved up in furrow, stack into the wide rib of 30cm, form 2 seed furrows that 15cm is wide, 13cm is dark with furrow limit rib simultaneously, and then litter, total straw bedding in seed furrow.
Owing to having adopted technique scheme, the rice stubble spring potato expansion ditch hilling straw incorporation methods of cultivation, save full Tagayasu Den and turn over, beat cave operation, solve the problem of straw incorporation, reduce intertill and clean tillage number of times, main farming operation completes to get furrow ditch soil heap soil or fertilizer over and around the roots furrow face, simplifies and gets twice the result with half the effort.Utilize the characteristic of rice stubble field in winter slack soil, comply with the feature of south weather in spring, adapt to the habit of potato tubers growth, per unit area yield is 2450 kilograms of left and right, and mu amplification reaches 75%.The present invention has realized the high and stable yields of rice stubble field in winter slack plantation spring potato, and economic, social, Ecological Effect Yidu is improved.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1.
The rice stubble spring potato of soil mud field alive is expanded the ditch hilling straw incorporation methods of cultivation, takes following steps.
A) ditching, the mud field of living after autumn harvest is dug matrix pattern or intersecting parallels ditch, and drain ditch outside dredging field, reduces water in field position, makes the dry and comfortable suitable farming in plate field.
B) do furrow, furrow face width 100cm, furrow furrow width 40cm, furrow ditch both sides are ploughed, the wide 20cm of corrugate soil block, thick 13cm, fitly ploughs on furrow limit, forms the rib of high 13cm.
C) litter, total straw is field also, and evenly bedding is in the empty width of furrow face 60cm.
D) zanjon, does after furrow zanjon in time, soil block is moved up in furrow and, on straw, stacks into the wide rib of 30cm furrow ditch hoe is dark to 25cm under the face of field simultaneously, and to form 2 15cm wide with furrow limit rib, the seed furrow that 13cm is dark.
E) base manure: before potato sowing, row application is in seed furrow on straw.
F) sowing: push straw aside potato seed is placed on the plate field in seed furrow, with the drowning potato seed of loosening the soil, the every drill seeding 2 row, these furrow distance between rows and hills 45 * 26cm, every mu of sowing 3663 caves.
G) earthing, after planting earthing immediately, hugs the crisp soil of furrow side, clear furrow ditch, soil crushing, flat furrow face, covers the 10cm layer that loosens the soil on rice stubble plate field.
H) hilling, potato set grows tall and expands ditch hilling about 20cm, and the 7-7.5cm of furrow side is all cut out on both sides, heap soil or fertilizer over and around the roots limit, sideline judge limit ditch cleaning, furrow face is stopped up the high above 16-18cm of field face of arriving.
I) management, carries out daily field management.
Embodiment 2.
The rice stubble spring potato of doing after furrow zanjon is expanded the ditch hilling straw incorporation methods of cultivation, takes following steps.
A) do furrow, the mid or late November after autumn harvesting and sowing finishes, on rice stubble plate field, setting-out corrugate was done furrow to early and middle ten days in December.Furrow face width 100cm, furrow furrow width 40cm, furrow ditch both sides are ploughed, the wide 20cm of corrugate soil block, thick 13cm, fitly ploughs on furrow limit, forms the rib of high 13cm.
B) zanjon, does after furrow zanjon in time, soil block is moved up in furrow furrow ditch hoe is dark to 25cm under the face of field simultaneously, stacks into the wide rib of 30cm, and to form 2 15cm wide with furrow limit rib, the seed furrow that 13cm is dark.
C) litter, total straw is field also, and evenly bedding is in seed furrow.
D) base manure: before potato sowing, row application is in seed furrow on straw.
E) sowing: push straw aside potato seed is placed on the plate field in seed furrow, with the drowning potato seed of loosening the soil, the every drill seeding 2 row, these furrow distance between rows and hills 45 * 26cm, every mu of sowing 3663 caves.
F) earthing, after planting earthing immediately, hugs the crisp soil of furrow side, clear furrow ditch, soil crushing, flat furrow face, covers the 10cm layer that loosens the soil on rice stubble plate field.
G) hilling, potato set grows tall and expands ditch hilling about 20cm, and the 7-7.5cm of furrow side is all cut out on both sides, and furrow face is stopped up the high above 16-18cm of field face of arriving.
H) management, carries out daily field management.
Claims (2)
1. potato is expanded ditch hilling straw incorporation methods of cultivation the rice stubble spring, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
A) do furrow, directly on the rice stubble plate field of not ploughing, setting-out corrugate is done furrow, furrow face width 100cm, and furrow furrow width 40cm, the wide 20cm of corrugate soil block, thick 13cm, fitly ploughs in furrow face edge 20cm;
B) litter, total straw is field also, and bedding is on furrow face;
C) zanjon, does after furrow zanjon in time, and furrow ditch is uprooted 25cm under the face of field, soil block is moved up in furrow and, on straw, stacks into the wide rib of 30cm simultaneously, forms 2 seed furrows that 15cm is wide, 13cm is dark with furrow limit rib;
D) base manure: before potato sowing, row application is in seed furrow on straw;
E) sowing: push straw aside potato seed is placed on the plate field in seed furrow, with the drowning potato seed of loosening the soil, the every drill seeding 2 row, these furrow distance between rows and hills 45 * 26cm, every mu of sowing 3663 caves;
F) earthing, the clear flat furrow face of furrow ditch, the potato seed of earthing lid, covers the 10cm layer that loosens the soil on rice stubble plate field;
G) hilling, ditch hilling is expanded in about potato height of seedling 20cm, and the 7-7.5cm of furrow side is all cut out on both sides, and furrow face is stopped up high to 16-18cm on plate field;
H) management, carries out daily field management.
2. potato is expanded the ditch hilling straw incorporation methods of cultivation rice stubble spring according to claim 1, it is characterized in that step recited above is done furrow, littered, zanjon, it is first zanjon after doing furrow, furrow ditch hoe is arrived to 25cm under the face of field deeply, soil block is moved up in furrow, stack into the wide rib of 30cm, form 2 seed furrows that 15cm is wide, 13cm is dark with furrow limit rib simultaneously, and then litter, total straw bedding in seed furrow.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310643128.5A CN103583224A (en) | 2013-12-04 | 2013-12-04 | Rice stubble spring potato furrow-expanding hilling straw field returning cultivation method |
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Cited By (6)
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| CN105493827A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-04-20 | 松桃苗族自治县农业技术服务中心站 | Wide-row and dense-nest cultivation method for potatoes |
| CN106665094A (en) * | 2017-01-26 | 2017-05-17 | 狄跃 | Seedling culturing and transplanting planting technology of autumn potatoes |
| CN106665095A (en) * | 2017-01-26 | 2017-05-17 | 狄跃 | Rice potato rape triple cropping planting technique |
| CN106665096A (en) * | 2017-01-26 | 2017-05-17 | 狄跃 | Paddy rice, potato and wheat three-maturation cropping planting technology |
| CN106797790A (en) * | 2017-01-26 | 2017-06-06 | 狄跃 | Rice potato double cropping planting technology |
| CN110122242A (en) * | 2019-06-30 | 2019-08-16 | 华南农业大学 | Potato planting method |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105493827A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-04-20 | 松桃苗族自治县农业技术服务中心站 | Wide-row and dense-nest cultivation method for potatoes |
| CN106665094A (en) * | 2017-01-26 | 2017-05-17 | 狄跃 | Seedling culturing and transplanting planting technology of autumn potatoes |
| CN106665095A (en) * | 2017-01-26 | 2017-05-17 | 狄跃 | Rice potato rape triple cropping planting technique |
| CN106665096A (en) * | 2017-01-26 | 2017-05-17 | 狄跃 | Paddy rice, potato and wheat three-maturation cropping planting technology |
| CN106797790A (en) * | 2017-01-26 | 2017-06-06 | 狄跃 | Rice potato double cropping planting technology |
| CN110122242A (en) * | 2019-06-30 | 2019-08-16 | 华南农业大学 | Potato planting method |
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Application publication date: 20140219 |