CN103609315A - High-furrow deep-groove cultivation method for planting spring rice-stubble potatoes through straw application - Google Patents
High-furrow deep-groove cultivation method for planting spring rice-stubble potatoes through straw application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-furrow deep-groove cultivation method for planting spring rice-stubble potatoes through straw application. The method includes the first step of making a furrow, wherein the width of the furrow surface is 100cm, and the width of a furrow ditch is 40cm, the second step of laying straw, wherein the straw is returned to the field totally and is uniformly laid in the empty space on the furrow surface, the third step of making a deep ditch after making the furrow, wherein the furrow ditch is opened 25cm below the field surface, soil blocks are moved and placed on the straw in the furrow to form a soil ridge with the width of 30cm, and the soil ridge with the width of 30cm and soil ridges beside the furrow form two seeding ditches with the width of 15cm and the depth of 13cm, the fourth step of applying base fertilizer, the fifth step of seeding, wherein the number of seeding lines in each furrow is two, the line spacing is 50cm, and the row spacing is 26cm, the sixth step of earthing, wherein the furrow ditch is cleared, the furrow surface is flattened, and potatoes are earthed up, and the seventh step of doing daily field management well. Through the method, the whole field ploughing process, the punching process and the like are omitted, and time, labor and cost are saved. Compared with a conventional cultivation method, manpower used for planting the potatoes through the method can be saved by 50% from ploughing to potato seeding, and total returning of the straw can be guaranteed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the methods of cultivation of potato, relate in particular to the methods of cultivation of southern rice stubble field in winter slack high furrow zanjon straw incorporation plantation spring potato.
Background technology
After the autumn harvest of south China paddy rice, double rice cropping system autumn planting area is few, winter slack, field area was many, the field in winter slack that also there is certain area in the semilate rice district of rice wheat (oil) double cropping and late rice district, field plantation in winter slack spring potato can develop area, the sowing area that is equivalent to more than 7,000 ten thousand mu of potatos China's whole year, southern rice stubble Tian Shi in winter slack China grain-production new growth point.Potato is half cold-resistant crop of nutritious grain dish dual-purpose, and property happiness cools, and is afraid of frost, avoid sweltering heat, preference temperature is grown in the environment of 15-20 ℃, when temperature surpasses 25 ℃, ground stem stops expanding, but temperature is lower than 0 ℃, and the branches and leaves of acrial part also can be withered.As long as seedling is not subject to the harm of frost after being unearthed, the early sowing of just should trying one's best, this is because potato is during nourishing and growing, not too responsive to thermotonus, and it is comparatively responsive to thermotonus to have arrived potato piece expanding stage.The half hardy characteristic of potato is the desirable kind plant in field in winter slack, South Rice Region of China.Potato, about the 100 days time of infertility, also can suitably be gathered in the crops in advance, although affect the output of stem tuber, in the alternately shortage of spring and summer vegetables, in the period that dish valency is higher, can ensure supply, and stabilizes dish valency, enriches market.The potato going on the market in advance, about the price while conventionally gathering in the crops than large area will double, thereby the output value can not reduce.Potato is tuber crops, compares with large (little) wheat with rape, has suitably the advantage of results in advance, and the technology such as supporting potato film-mulching cultivation, can accomplish to rise stubble in good time and plant early rice, in more can not affecting, the planting season of late rice.Potato stubble is better than the soil structure in field in winter slack, is conducive to paddy rice and early sends out high yield.The high yield techniques such as potato detoxicating, stock breeding, plastic mulching at present are all widely applied, rice stubble field in winter slack is the desirable crops for rotation of spring potato, why can not get applying? reason is that rice stubble soil knot tying granular structure is poor, can not meet the growth needs of High Yield Potato high-quality.The innovation methods of cultivation, rationally irrigation and drainage, improve solid, liquid, gas three in soil and compare, and creation good soil structure, realizes rice stubble field in winter slack plantation spring High Yield Potato stable yields good quality ，Jiang Dui China's grain and vegetables production produces far-reaching influence.
At present, the potato farming of rice stubble spring adopts to plough beats cave implantation methods, and concrete grammar comprises the following steps.
1, plough, after autumn harvesting and sowing finishes, the dark 13cm of rice stubble plate Tagayasu Den left and right, soil block is dry wet freeze thawing improvement soil through 1-2 month.
2, do furrow, seedbed preparation, furrow face width 120cm, furrow furrow width 40cm, furrow ditch depth arrives 15cm under the face of field, holostrome hack leveling furrow face.
3, beat cave, the dark 10cm in cave, furrow face distance between rows and hills 40 * 35cm, furrow ditch is at the average 53.3 * 35cm of interior distance between rows and hills, every mu of 3573 caves.
4, base manure, composite chemical fertilizer is executed in cave, the potato seed of semi supplied manure lid.
5, sowing, the In The Middle And Lower Reaches of two sides, the Changjiang river, the potato sowing phase in spring in late January to early Febuary, southward corresponding in advance.Before potato seed is put in cave, chemical fertilizer and soil are mixed and stirred and prevents from hindering potato seedling.
6, earthing, ditch cleaning ridging, leveling furrow face, potato seed overburden layer 8cm.
7, management, the technology such as application breeding, vernalization, carry out intertillage reason ditch, impose fertilizer, the daily managements mission such as control disease pest and weed.
Above-mentioned rice stubble is ploughed and is beaten cave plantation spring potato, has following defect.
1, time-consuming, rice stubble is ploughed, and does furrow corrugate, and it is time-consuming that holostrome hack is beaten cave wholely.
2, delay season, plough whole ground, beat bunch planting kind, run into the impact of sleet sky and sow wholely, often delay season.
3, stain evil is serious, and plough and play cave plantation, the easy ponding of the shallow impeded drainage of furrow ditch, potato stain evil is serious.
4, straw cannot be gone back field, and potato beats also field of cave plantation straw.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is in order to overcome the potato farming of existing rice stubble spring time-consuming, delay season, stain evil is serious, straw is the defect in field also, when solving topsoil crisp pastry, accomplish that the reasonable soil layer of soil structure is deep, the high furrow zanjon of a kind of rice stubble spring potato straw incorporation methods of cultivation are provided.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: the high furrow zanjon of a kind of rice stubble spring potato straw incorporation methods of cultivation, comprise the following steps.
A) do furrow: directly setting-out corrugate is done furrow on the rice stubble plate field of not ploughing, furrow face width 100cm, furrow furrow width 40cm, furrow ditch both sides are ploughed, the wide 20cm of corrugate soil block, thick 13cm, fitly ploughs on furrow limit, forms the rib of high 13cm.
B) litter: total straw is field also, by straw equably bedding in the empty width of furrow face 60cm.
C) zanjon: do furrow and litter rear timely zanjon, people longitudinally stands in furrow ditch, arrives 25cm under the face of field deeply furrow ditch hoe, soil block is moved up in furrow and, on straw, stacks into the wide rib of 30cm simultaneously, forms 2 seed furrows that 15cm is wide, 13cm is dark with furrow limit rib.
D) base manure: before sowing row application in seed furrow on straw.
E) sowing: get the jump on the winter Mo sowing of alternate freezing and thawing crisp pastry soil, push the straw in seed furrow aside, potato seed is placed on plate field, conveniently with the drowning potato seed of loosening the soil, the every drill seeding 2 row, these furrow distance between rows and hills 50 * 26cm, every mu of sowing 3663 caves.
F) earthing: earthing immediately after planting, hug the crisp soil of furrow side, clear furrow ditch, soil crushing, flat furrow face, 10cm cover layer on rice stubble plate field.
G) management, carries out daily field management.
Further, first zanjon after doing furrow, forms 2 seed furrows that 15cm is wide, 13cm is dark, and then litters, by straw bedding in seed furrow.
Owing to having adopted technique scheme, the high furrow zanjon of the rice stubble spring potato straw incorporation methods of cultivation, can save full Tagayasu Den and turn over, beat the operations such as cave, saving of work and time abridged edition, from ploughing to potato sowing, than conventional tillage method save 50% artificial, and can guarantee also field of total straw.Because potato is directly put and broadcasts in the plate field plane covering at straw, improved drought resisting prevention against water-logging ability.Furrow face exceeds bottom of trench 35cm, and furrow bottom of trench is 25cm under rice stubble field non-ploughing face, and under the face of field, the soil three phases of plow layer improves, and soil layer is deep defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower, and soil structure is reasonable, and early spring, temperature recovery was fast, the growth of suitable potato.Per unit area yield is 2000 kilograms of left and right, and mu amplification reaches 40%.The present invention has realized the high and stable yields of rice stubble field in winter slack plantation spring potato, and economic, social, Ecological Effect Yidu is improved.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1.
The high furrow zanjon of the rice stubble spring potato straw incorporation methods of cultivation of soil mud field alive, take following steps.
A) ditching, the mud field of living after autumn harvest is dug matrix pattern or intersecting parallels ditch, and drain ditch outside dredging field, reduces water in field position, makes the dry and comfortable suitable farming in plate field.
B) do furrow, furrow face width 100cm, furrow furrow width 40cm, furrow ditch both sides are ploughed, the wide 20cm of corrugate soil block, thick 13cm, fitly ploughs on furrow limit, forms the rib of high 13cm.
C) litter, total straw is field also, by the even bedding of straw in the empty width of furrow face 60 cm.
D) zanjon, does furrow and litters rear timely zanjon, and furrow ditch hoe is arrived to 25cm under the face of field deeply, soil block is moved up in furrow and, on straw, stacks into the wide rib of 30cm simultaneously, forms 2 seed furrows that 15cm is wide, 13cm is dark with furrow limit rib.
E) base manure, before sowing row application in seed furrow on straw.
F) sowing, gets the jump on the winter Mo sowing of alternate freezing and thawing crisp pastry soil, pushes the straw in seed furrow aside, and potato seed is placed on plate field, conveniently with the drowning potato seed of loosening the soil, and the every drill seeding 2 row, these furrow distance between rows and hills 50 * 26cm, every mu of sowing 3663 caves.
G) earthing, after planting earthing immediately, hugs the crisp soil of furrow side, clear furrow ditch, soil crushing, flat furrow face, 10cm cover layer on rice stubble plate field.
H) management, carries out daily field management.
Embodiment 2.
The high furrow zanjon of the rice stubble spring potato straw incorporation methods of cultivation, take following steps.
A) do furrow, the mid or late November after autumn harvesting and sowing finishes, on rice stubble plate field, setting-out corrugate was done furrow to early and middle ten days in December.Furrow face width 100cm, furrow furrow width 40cm, furrow ditch both sides are ploughed, the wide 20cm of corrugate soil block, thick 13cm, fitly ploughs on furrow limit, forms the rib of high 13cm.
B) zanjon, does after furrow zanjon in time, soil block is moved up in furrow furrow ditch hoe is dark to 25cm under the face of field simultaneously, stacks into the wide rib of 30cm, and to form 2 15cm wide with furrow limit rib, the seed furrow that 13cm is dark.
C) litter, total straw is field also, by the even bedding of straw in seed furrow.
D) base manure, before sowing row application in seed furrow on straw.
E) sowing, gets the jump on the winter Mo sowing of alternate freezing and thawing crisp pastry soil, pushes the straw in seed furrow aside, and potato seed is placed on plate field, conveniently with the drowning potato seed of loosening the soil, and the every drill seeding 2 row, these furrow distance between rows and hills 50 * 26cm, every mu of sowing 3663 caves.
F) earthing, after planting earthing immediately, hugs the crisp soil of furrow side, clear furrow ditch, soil crushing, flat furrow face, 10cm cover layer on rice stubble plate field.
G) management, carries out daily field management.
Claims (2)
1. the high furrow zanjon of rice stubble spring potato straw incorporation methods of cultivation, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
A) do furrow: directly setting-out corrugate is done furrow on the rice stubble plate field of not ploughing, furrow face width 100cm, furrow furrow width 40cm, the wide 20cm of corrugate soil block, thick 13cm, fitly ploughs in furrow face edge 20cm;
B) litter: total straw is field also, evenly bedding is in the empty width of furrow face 60 cm;
C) zanjon: do furrow and litter rear timely zanjon, furrow ditch is uprooted 25cm under the face of field, moves up soil block in furrow and, on straw, stacks into the wide rib of 30cm simultaneously, forms 2 seed furrows that 15cm is wide, 13cm is dark with furrow limit rib;
D) base manure: before sowing row application in seed furrow on straw;
E) sowing: get the jump on the winter Mo sowing of alternate freezing and thawing crisp pastry soil, push the straw in seed furrow aside, potato seed is placed on plate field, conveniently with the drowning potato seed of loosening the soil, the every drill seeding 2 row, these furrow distance between rows and hills 50 * 26cm, every mu of sowing 3663 caves;
F) earthing, the clear flat furrow face of furrow ditch, the potato seed of earthing lid;
G) management, carries out daily field management.
2. the high furrow zanjon of the rice stubble spring potato according to claim 1 straw incorporation methods of cultivation, it is characterized in that recited abovely doing furrow, litter, zanjon step, after doing furrow, first zanjon, on same furrow, form 2 seed furrows that 15cm is wide, 13cm is dark, then litter, by straw bedding in seed furrow.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104396377A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2015-03-11 | 王克夫 | Corn straw crushing returning method |
| CN104904454A (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2015-09-16 | 广西大学 | Drought resisting and seedling protecting farming method for planting potatoes by luffa stubble |
| CN112655496A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-16 | 广东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Planting method of winter-planting potatoes with rice as previous crop |
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| CN101548617A (en) * | 2009-04-18 | 2009-10-07 | 狄正兴 | No-tillage no-hole cultivation method for direct-sowing rape in rice stubble |
| CN101595801A (en) * | 2009-04-30 | 2009-12-09 | 孔赟荣 | The method of cultivating potatoes with straws in winter and spring |
| CN102282993A (en) * | 2011-06-25 | 2011-12-21 | 芒市农业技术推广中心 | Post film covering cultivation method for potato seedlings |
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| CN101548617A (en) * | 2009-04-18 | 2009-10-07 | 狄正兴 | No-tillage no-hole cultivation method for direct-sowing rape in rice stubble |
| CN101595801A (en) * | 2009-04-30 | 2009-12-09 | 孔赟荣 | The method of cultivating potatoes with straws in winter and spring |
| CN102282993A (en) * | 2011-06-25 | 2011-12-21 | 芒市农业技术推广中心 | Post film covering cultivation method for potato seedlings |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104396377A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2015-03-11 | 王克夫 | Corn straw crushing returning method |
| CN104904454A (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2015-09-16 | 广西大学 | Drought resisting and seedling protecting farming method for planting potatoes by luffa stubble |
| CN112655496A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-16 | 广东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Planting method of winter-planting potatoes with rice as previous crop |
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Application publication date: 20140305 |