CN102726217A - Container seedling raising method for camellia oleifera bud-stock grafting - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a container seedling raising method for camellia oleifera bud-stock grafting. The container seedling raising method mainly comprises the six steps of cultivating camellia oleifera bud stocks, selecting and preparing nursery soil, preparing nutritional bags, preparing cions, grafting and transplanting and managing grafted container seedlings. According to the grafting method disclosed by the invention, the stocks are not injured, when packaging is performed, grafting ports can be completely closed, the moisture retention is good, the grafting survival rate can achieve 97%, and big seedlings, sound seedlings and improved seedlings can be cultivated; and furthermore, the container seedling raising method is simple and fast to operate, the complex camellia oleifera improved bud-stock grafting becomes simple and fast, and the container seedling raising method is further easy to learn, easy to understand and easy to operate.

Description

The method that a kind of oil-tea sprout anvil grafting container is grown seedlings

Technical field

The present invention relates to the method that a kind of oil-tea sprout anvil grafting container is grown seedlings, belong to the growing and cultivation field.

Background technology

At present; Oil tea seedling-wood breeding kind is more; But there are problems such as graft survival rate is not high, nursery stock is not strong; This grafting method has adopted a lot of innovative approach, has overcome the shortcoming of the method for common grafting in the past, reforms at aspects such as presprouting of seeds, matrix formulations, scion processing, seedling managements and innovates.

Summary of the invention

In order to change the unification of oil tea breeding, the method that the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of oil-tea sprout anvil grafting container to grow seedlings, grafting method of the present invention is not hindered stock; Can be during parcel with grafting mouth complete closed; Moisture retention is good, make graft survival rate reach 97%, and the present invention is simple and quick; Make the complicated oil tea breeding bud stock grafting simple and fast that becomes, be prone to learn, understandable, easy to operate.

The present invention adopts following technical scheme to achieve these goals:

The method that oil-tea sprout anvil grafting container is grown seedlings may further comprise the steps:

(1), the oil-tea sprout anvil is cultivated:

A, seed selecting and purchasing: selecting common oil tea seed for use is the stock kind, and general early October is gathered the fruit of " seed in Cold Dew ", treats the abundant maturation of the fruit fresh fruit of gathering, and shines in the sun 3-5 days, screens with mesh 1-1.1 cm sieve, subsequent use; Subsequent use seed was exposed to the sun 1-2 days, to water content about 15-20%, move to indoor stand and put storage;

B, germination bed setting: January to early Febuary begins to prepare casting bed vernalization, at outdoor 1.7 meters of the width of laying bricks, the husky bed of the vernalization that length is not limit placed on flatly; Damp sand layering with cleaning is stacked, and bottom is stacked 12 centimetres of river sands, evenly is sprinkling upon seed on the sand then; Cover 4-5 centimetre of wet sand again, evenly sow seeds again, on second layer seed; Cover sand 4-5 centimetre river sand again, put the 3rd layer of seed, wet husky 5 centimetres of the 3rd layer of seed upper cover;

C, seed disinfection: carry out the layering sterilization, adopt blue rich, generation Star tmtd, jinggangmycin mixed liquor successively to spray sterilization, later on every other month before raining spray once, about 3-4 time of vernalization process;

(2), ground, garden is selected and is prepared:

A, ground, garden are selected

Selection has a good transport service, physical features is smooth, illumination and have abundant water resources, well-drained paddy field is best; To turn over plough to the garden, execute base manure before March next year, with 500 kilograms every mu in the chicken droppings excrement that ferments winter last year; 100 kilograms every mu of Russia composite fertilizers, preparing seedbed width 1-1.2m, pavement width 40cm; Gutter, Zhong Gou, furrow ditch three ditches are supporting, do internal water and can arrange, and external water is not flooded;

(3), nutritious bag is prepared:

Select degradable nonwoven fabrics for use; Process bottomless container; Container diameter 6cm or 8cm; The main formula materials of nutrition soil is: the agriculture and forestry organic waste material of the processed of northeast peat soil 20-30%, perlite 20-30%, vermiculite 10-20% and surplus, with machinery nutrition soil to be filled up, and doubling-up becomes the semi-finished product of 40m a bundle to use;

(4), the preparation of scion:

Select robust growth, branch footpath 0.2-0.32cm, axillalry bud is full, no damage by disease and insect; There is the above semi-lignified spring of giving birth to then of 5 leaves, 3 buds to do scion slightly; To tie up by strain simultaneously, the packing of preserving moisture, the fringe bar is placed in the moistening casting bed in indoor cool place; Sand heap thickness is 10cm, and fringe bar base portion is soaked in the light insertion in the back damp sand;

(5), grafting

Generally the first tenday period of a month in May to late June, it is long to treat that the seed plumule grows to 3-4cm, scion begins grafting when getting into semi-lignified, gently digs out the anvil seedling with have gentle hands, and is with clear water that the sand on the anvil seedling is clean towards Shen again, sterilizes with tmtd, blue rich mixture or potassium permanganate; Choosing has the fringe of full axillary-bud or top-bud bar, and cutter under 0.5cm place, the bottom of axillalry bud both sides is whittled into 2 inclined-planes, and the long 1.0-1.2cm of bevel cuts off at branch stem 0.2cm place, bud point top again, the scion of processing l bud l leaf, and the scion that will cut is placed in the little basin; The 2.0-2.5cm place cuts off plumular axis above the cotyledon of sprout stock, the rip cutting 1.3-1.5cm from top to bottom along the plumular axis axis; It is long that radicle keeps 5-6cm, excises unnecessary radicle part;

Insert anvil seedling otch to scion, the bevel of scion is consistent with stock tangent plane size, and scion bottom and stock kerf bottom are close to, and scion and anvil seedling are combined closely, and neatly stacks then and deposits shady and cool place, avoids solar radiation, and covers the wet towel wait value of planting;

(6), the grafting container seedling is planted and is managed:

A, grafting insert container bag: earlier with in the middle of the reinforcing bar insertion container bag; To imbed in the container with the plumule anvil seedling of seed after forming vesicle, again that the matrix soil pressure is tight, the grafting mouth is exposed on the matrix; The depth of planting has just been imbedded in the matrix nutrition soil with grafting bud seedling base portion kind shell and has been advisable; Insert the grafting of container and put into immediately on the smooth seedbed of nursery lot, seeding row spacing 6 * 6cm, fill with fine earth on the container bag both sides;

The management of b, container seedling: planted back 40-45 days, and began to remove the coppice shoot on the sprout stock, in time remove weeds; Pull out seedling, every at a distance from 20 days, in conjunction with weeding except that sprouting 1 time; Removing the work of sprouting will last till September; The armpit bud that expands is found to have in the oil tea grafting back of become living, and should in time extract, in case it suppresses the growth of grafting leaf bud; Grafting bud seedling is planted in back 45 days, use film canopy cover, and relative moisture remains on more than 85% in the canopy, and in 20 days, temperature of shed is controlled at below 30 ℃ after the grafting, and 20-45 ceiling case temperature is advisable for 30-40 ℃;

Take cool canopy and arch cover: cool canopy: do not build steelframe booth height 2m before placing grafting, at interval: 3m, the sunshade net covers, and degree of shading is controlled at 70-80%; Arch cover: on the seedbed, prop up little arch cover with bamboo plate after placing grafting, bamboo length of bow degree is 1.95m, and 0.5m covers 0.25 film at interval, is barricaded as arch cover, tightly preserves moisture with soil pressure all around;

C, fertilising: after grafting was planted 60 days, when tender shoots grows into 3-5cm, can impose a small amount of fertilizer, fertilizer can be with macerating thin people's muck of making; Or the chemical nitrogen fertilizer water of 0.2% concentration; The growth middle and later periods is executed phosphorus, potash fertilizer more, and concentration was executed 1 time at 0.5-1.0% in 15 days; After taking off film, can in 30 days, spray 0.075% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3 time;

D, the extermination of disease and insect pest:

The oil tea seedling disease mainly contains soft rot, southern blight, carbon jaundice disease, the bordeaux mixture with 1%, 800 times of liquid of 75% thiophanate methyl, and 5% carbendazim 500-600 times liquid is every to spray once general 2-3 time at a distance from two weeks;

Insect pest mainly contains mole cricket, cutworm etc., and cutworm is sprayed about 5 o'clock with 500-800 times of liquid acephatemet solution between the lights, and the control mole cricket is soaked the weeds trapping with 396 sodium arsenite solution, and the extermination of disease and insect pest was carried out in 6-8 month;

E, take off film and remove shading shed: taking off film should decide according to the seedling growth developmental state, and it is ventilative to take off film in good time, increases the interior oxygen content of canopy; After grafting is planted and become to live in 40-50 days, in opening at dusk the ventilation of film two, seedbed, closed before 8 of mornings next day; Overcast and rainy can film grid cover two being opened; After spending 2-3 days film is all removed,, select the cloudy day that cool canopy is removed to the time in Cold Dew.

F, transplanting: cultivate 2 years living strong sprouts and transplant rare planting, all can transplant April August to next year then, seeding row spacing 10 * 12cm, every mu 40,000 strain is grown seedlings under full exposure, in order to the nursery stock lignification, cultivates strong sprout.

Advantage of the present invention:

Grafting method of the present invention is not hindered stock, can be during parcel with grafting mouth complete closed, and moisture retention is good, makes graft survival rate reach 97%, and the present invention is simple and quick, makes the complicated oil tea breeding bud stock grafting simple and fast that becomes, and is prone to learn, understandable, easy to operate.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1: the method that oil-tea sprout anvil grafting container is grown seedlings may further comprise the steps:

(1), the oil-tea sprout anvil is cultivated:

A, seed selecting and purchasing: selecting common oil tea seed for use is the stock kind, and general early October is gathered the fruit of " seed in Cold Dew ", treats the abundant maturation of the fruit fresh fruit of gathering, and shines in the sun 3-5 days, screens with mesh 1-1.1 cm sieve, subsequent use; Subsequent use seed was exposed to the sun 1-2 days, to water content about 15-20%, move to indoor stand and put storage;

B, germination bed setting: January to early Febuary begins to prepare casting bed vernalization, at outdoor 1.7 meters of the width of laying bricks, the husky bed of the vernalization that length is not limit placed on flatly; Damp sand layering with cleaning is stacked, and bottom is stacked 12 centimetres of river sands, evenly is sprinkling upon seed on the sand then; Cover 4-5 centimetre of wet sand again, evenly sow seeds again, on second layer seed; Cover sand 4-5 centimetre river sand again, put the 3rd layer of seed, wet husky 5 centimetres of the 3rd layer of seed upper cover;

C, seed disinfection: carry out the layering sterilization, adopt blue rich, generation Star tmtd, jinggangmycin mixed liquor successively to spray sterilization, later on every other month before raining spray once, about 3-4 time of vernalization process;

(2), ground, garden is selected and is prepared:

A, ground, garden are selected

Selection has a good transport service, physical features is smooth, illumination and have abundant water resources, well-drained paddy field is best; To turn over plough to the garden, execute base manure before March next year, with 500 kilograms every mu in the chicken droppings excrement that ferments winter last year; 100 kilograms every mu of Russia composite fertilizers, preparing seedbed width 1-1.2m, pavement width 40cm; Gutter, Zhong Gou, furrow ditch three ditches are supporting, do internal water and can arrange, and external water is not flooded;

(3), nutritious bag is prepared:

Select degradable nonwoven fabrics for use; Process bottomless container; Container diameter 6cm or 8cm; The main formula materials of nutrition soil is: the agriculture and forestry organic waste material of the processed of northeast peat soil 20-30%, perlite 20-30%, vermiculite 10-20% and surplus, with machinery nutrition soil to be filled up, and doubling-up becomes the semi-finished product of 40m a bundle to use;

(4), the preparation of scion:

Select robust growth, branch footpath 0.2-0.32cm, axillalry bud is full, no damage by disease and insect; There is the above semi-lignified spring of giving birth to then of 5 leaves, 3 buds to do scion slightly; To tie up by strain simultaneously, the packing of preserving moisture, the fringe bar is placed in the moistening casting bed in indoor cool place; Sand heap thickness is 10cm, and fringe bar base portion is soaked in the light insertion in the back damp sand;

(5), grafting

Generally the first tenday period of a month in May to late June, it is long to treat that the seed plumule grows to 3-4cm, scion begins grafting when getting into semi-lignified, gently digs out the anvil seedling with have gentle hands, and is with clear water that the sand on the anvil seedling is clean towards Shen again, sterilizes with tmtd, blue rich mixture or potassium permanganate; Choosing has the fringe of full axillary-bud or top-bud bar, and cutter under 0.5cm place, the bottom of axillalry bud both sides is whittled into 2 inclined-planes, and the long 1.0-1.2cm of bevel cuts off at branch stem 0.2cm place, bud point top again, the scion of processing l bud l leaf, and the scion that will cut is placed in the little basin; The 2.0-2.5cm place cuts off plumular axis above the cotyledon of sprout stock, the rip cutting 1.3-1.5cm from top to bottom along the plumular axis axis; It is long that radicle keeps 5-6cm, excises unnecessary radicle part;

Insert anvil seedling otch to scion, the bevel of scion is consistent with stock tangent plane size, and scion bottom and stock kerf bottom are close to, and scion and anvil seedling are combined closely, and neatly stacks then and deposits shady and cool place, avoids solar radiation, and covers the wet towel wait value of planting;

(6), the grafting container seedling is planted and is managed:

A, grafting insert container bag: earlier with in the middle of the reinforcing bar insertion container bag; To imbed in the container with the plumule anvil seedling of seed after forming vesicle, again that the matrix soil pressure is tight, the grafting mouth is exposed on the matrix; The depth of planting has just been imbedded in the matrix nutrition soil with grafting bud seedling base portion kind shell and has been advisable; Insert the grafting of container and put into immediately on the smooth seedbed of nursery lot, seeding row spacing 6 * 6cm, fill with fine earth on the container bag both sides;

The management of b, container seedling: planted back 40-45 days, and began to remove the coppice shoot on the sprout stock, in time remove weeds; Pull out seedling, every at a distance from 20 days, in conjunction with weeding except that sprouting 1 time; Removing the work of sprouting will last till September; The armpit bud that expands is found to have in the oil tea grafting back of become living, and should in time extract, in case it suppresses the growth of grafting leaf bud; Grafting bud seedling is planted in back 45 days, use film canopy cover, and relative moisture remains on more than 85% in the canopy, and in 20 days, temperature of shed is controlled at below 30 ℃ after the grafting, and 20-45 ceiling case temperature is advisable for 30-40 ℃;

Take cool canopy and arch cover: cool canopy: do not build steelframe booth height 2m before placing grafting, at interval: 3m, the sunshade net covers, and degree of shading is controlled at 70-80%; Arch cover: on the seedbed, prop up little arch cover with bamboo plate after placing grafting, bamboo length of bow degree is 1.95m, and 0.5m covers 0.25 film at interval, is barricaded as arch cover, tightly preserves moisture with soil pressure all around;

C, fertilising: after grafting was planted 60 days, when tender shoots grows into 3-5cm, can impose a small amount of fertilizer, fertilizer can be with macerating thin people's muck of making; Or the chemical nitrogen fertilizer water of 0.2% concentration; The growth middle and later periods is executed phosphorus, potash fertilizer more, and concentration was executed 1 time at 0.5-1.0% in 15 days; After taking off film, can in 30 days, spray 0.075% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3 time;

D, the extermination of disease and insect pest:

The oil tea seedling disease mainly contains soft rot, southern blight, carbon jaundice disease, the bordeaux mixture with 1%, 800 times of liquid of 75% thiophanate methyl, and 5% carbendazim 500-600 times liquid is every to spray once general 2-3 time at a distance from two weeks;

Insect pest mainly contains mole cricket, cutworm etc., and cutworm is sprayed about 5 o'clock with 500-800 times of liquid acephatemet solution between the lights, and the control mole cricket is soaked the weeds trapping with 396 sodium arsenite solution, and the extermination of disease and insect pest was carried out in 6-8 month;

E, take off film and remove shading shed: taking off film should decide according to the seedling growth developmental state, and it is ventilative to take off film in good time, increases the interior oxygen content of canopy; After grafting is planted and become to live in 40-50 days, in opening at dusk the ventilation of film two, seedbed, closed before 8 of mornings next day; Overcast and rainy can film grid cover two being opened; After spending 2-3 days film is all removed,, select the cloudy day that cool canopy is removed to the time in Cold Dew.

F, transplanting: cultivate 2 years living strong sprouts and transplant rare planting, all can transplant April August to next year then, seeding row spacing 10 * 12cm, every mu 40,000 strain is grown seedlings under full exposure, in order to the nursery stock lignification, cultivates strong sprout.

Claims (1)

1. method that oil-tea sprout anvil grafting container is grown seedlings is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:

(1), the oil-tea sprout anvil is cultivated:

A, seed selecting and purchasing: selecting common oil tea seed for use is the stock kind, and general early October is gathered the fruit of " seed in Cold Dew ", treats the abundant maturation of the fruit fresh fruit of gathering, and shines in the sun 3-5 days, screens with mesh 1-1.1 cm sieve, subsequent use; Subsequent use seed was exposed to the sun 1-2 days, to water content about 15-20%, move to indoor stand and put storage;

B, germination bed setting: January to early Febuary begins to prepare casting bed vernalization, at outdoor 1.7 meters of the width of laying bricks, the husky bed of the vernalization that length is not limit placed on flatly; Damp sand layering with cleaning is stacked, and bottom is stacked 12 centimetres of river sands, evenly is sprinkling upon seed on the sand then; Cover 4-5 centimetre of wet sand again, evenly sow seeds again, on second layer seed; Cover sand 4-5 centimetre river sand again, put the 3rd layer of seed, wet husky 5 centimetres of the 3rd layer of seed upper cover;

C, seed disinfection: carry out the layering sterilization, adopt blue rich, generation Star tmtd, jinggangmycin mixed liquor successively to spray sterilization, later on every other month before raining spray once, about 3-4 time of vernalization process;

(2), ground, garden is selected and is prepared:

A, ground, garden are selected

Selection has a good transport service, physical features is smooth, illumination and have abundant water resources, well-drained paddy field is best; To turn over plough to the garden, execute base manure before March next year, with 500 kilograms every mu in the chicken droppings excrement that ferments winter last year; 100 kilograms every mu of Russia composite fertilizers, preparing seedbed width 1-1.2m, pavement width 40cm; Gutter, Zhong Gou, furrow ditch three ditches are supporting, do internal water and can arrange, and external water is not flooded;

(3), nutritious bag is prepared:

Select degradable nonwoven fabrics for use; Process bottomless container; Container diameter 6cm or 8cm; The main formula materials of nutrition soil is: the agriculture and forestry organic waste material of the processed of northeast peat soil 20-30%, perlite 20-30%, vermiculite 10-20% and surplus, with machinery nutrition soil to be filled up, and doubling-up becomes the semi-finished product of 40m a bundle to use;

(4), the preparation of scion:

Select robust growth, branch footpath 0.2-0.32cm, axillalry bud is full, no damage by disease and insect; There is the above semi-lignified spring of giving birth to then of 5 leaves, 3 buds to do scion slightly; To tie up by strain simultaneously, the packing of preserving moisture, the fringe bar is placed in the moistening casting bed in indoor cool place; Sand heap thickness is 10cm, and fringe bar base portion is soaked in the light insertion in the back damp sand;

(5), grafting

Generally the first tenday period of a month in May to late June, it is long to treat that the seed plumule grows to 3-4cm, scion begins grafting when getting into semi-lignified, gently digs out the anvil seedling with have gentle hands, with clear water the sand on the anvil seedling is rinsed well again, sterilizes with tmtd, blue rich mixture or potassium permanganate; Choosing has the fringe of full axillary-bud or top-bud bar, and cutter under 0.5cm place, the bottom of axillalry bud both sides is whittled into 2 inclined-planes, and the long 1.0-1.2cm of bevel cuts off at branch stem 0.2cm place, bud point top again, the scion of processing l bud l leaf, and the scion that will cut is placed in the little basin; The 2.0-2.5cm place cuts off plumular axis above the cotyledon of sprout stock, the rip cutting 1.3-1.5cm from top to bottom along the plumular axis axis; It is long that radicle keeps 5-6cm, excises unnecessary radicle part;

Insert anvil seedling otch to scion, the bevel of scion is consistent with stock tangent plane size, and scion bottom and stock kerf bottom are close to, and scion and anvil seedling are combined closely, and neatly stacks then and deposits shady and cool place, avoids solar radiation, and covers the wet towel wait value of planting;

(6), the grafting container seedling is planted and is managed:

A, grafting insert container bag: earlier with in the middle of the reinforcing bar insertion container bag; To imbed in the container with the plumule anvil seedling of seed after forming vesicle, again that the matrix soil pressure is tight, the grafting mouth is exposed on the matrix; The depth of planting has just been imbedded in the matrix nutrition soil with grafting bud seedling base portion kind shell and has been advisable; Insert the grafting of container and put into immediately on the smooth seedbed of nursery lot, seeding row spacing 6 * 6cm, fill with fine earth on the container bag both sides;

The management of b, container seedling: planted back 40-45 days, and began to remove the coppice shoot on the sprout stock, in time remove weeds; Pull out seedling, every at a distance from 20 days, in conjunction with weeding except that sprouting 1 time; Removing the work of sprouting will last till September; The armpit bud that expands is found to have in the oil tea grafting back of become living, and should in time extract, in case it suppresses the growth of grafting leaf bud; Grafting bud seedling is planted in back 45 days, use film canopy cover, and relative moisture remains on more than 85% in the canopy, and in 20 days, temperature of shed is controlled at below 30 ℃ after the grafting, and 20-45 ceiling case temperature is advisable for 30-40 ℃;

Take cool canopy and arch cover: cool canopy: do not build steelframe booth height 2m before placing grafting, at interval: 3m, the sunshade net covers, and degree of shading is controlled at 70-80%; Arch cover: on the seedbed, prop up little arch cover with bamboo plate after placing grafting, bamboo length of bow degree is 1.95m, and 0.5m covers 0.25 film at interval, is barricaded as arch cover, tightly preserves moisture with soil pressure all around;

C, fertilising: after grafting was planted 60 days, when tender shoots grows into 3-5cm, can impose a small amount of fertilizer, fertilizer can be with macerating thin people's muck of making; Or the chemical nitrogen fertilizer water of 0.2% concentration; The growth middle and later periods is executed phosphorus, potash fertilizer more, and concentration was executed 1 time at 0.5-1.0% in 15 days; After taking off film, can in 30 days, spray 0.075% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3 time;

D, the extermination of disease and insect pest:

The oil tea seedling disease mainly contains soft rot, southern blight, carbon jaundice disease, the bordeaux mixture with 1%, 800 times of liquid of 75% thiophanate methyl, and 5% carbendazim 500-600 times liquid is every to spray once general 2-3 time at a distance from two weeks;

Insect pest mainly contains mole cricket, cutworm etc., and cutworm is sprayed about 5 o'clock with 500-800 times of liquid acephatemet solution between the lights, and the control mole cricket is soaked the weeds trapping with 396 sodium arsenite solution, and the extermination of disease and insect pest was carried out in 6-8 month;

E, take off film and remove shading shed: taking off film should decide according to the seedling growth developmental state, and it is ventilative to take off film in good time, increases the interior oxygen content of canopy; After grafting is planted and become to live in 40-50 days, in opening at dusk the ventilation of film two, seedbed, closed before 8 of mornings next day; Overcast and rainy can film grid cover two being opened; After spending 2-3 days film is all removed,, select the cloudy day that cool canopy is removed to the time in Cold Dew;

F, transplanting: cultivate 2 years living strong sprouts and transplant rare planting, all can transplant April August to next year then, seeding row spacing 10 * 12cm, every mu 40,000 strain is grown seedlings under full exposure, in order to the nursery stock lignification, cultivates strong sprout.