CN103250571A - Camellia oleifera container seedling raising technique - Google Patents
Camellia oleifera container seedling raising technique Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a plant seedling raising technique, in particular to a camellia oleifera container seedling raising technique which aims to solve the problems of low seedling survival rate and low seedling raising efficiency of a camellia oleifera seedling raising technique in the prior art. The camellia oleifera container seedling raising technique includes the steps of (1) collecting seeds, and placing the collected seeds in a refrigeratory for cold storage and reserve at the temperature of 0-5 DEG C; (2) pre-treating the seeds, and soaking the seeds prior to sand storage for accelerating germination; (3) sowing, sowing the camellia oleifera seeds subjected to germination accelerating in a container containing seedling raising substrates in a spot manner, and then placing the container on a seedbed; (4) grating rootstocks of seedlings; (5) performing grafted seedling management including water management, rootstock removal and weeding management, light and temperature management, nutrient management and the like; (6) performing biennial seedling production management; and (7) performing outplanting management. The technique has the advantages of high seedling survival rate, high breeding efficiency and good reliability; and seedling survival rate of the seedling raising technique is 10-20% higher than that of inarching seedling raising and leaf cutting seedling raising techniques.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of botanical seedling culturing technology, particularly a kind of oil tea container nursery technology.
Background technology
Oil tea is the important woody edible oil materials seeds in areas to the south, China the Changjiang river.The oil tea main component is the unsaturated fatty acid based on oleic acid and linoleic acid, and content is more than 85%, and storage tolerance is difficult for becoming sour, and is the edible oil made of the cooking, and particularly with the food of tea oil frying, color cadmium yellow, flavor are fragrant good to eat.Oil tea can be made milk and senior natural cosmetics by refining, or vaseline, hair oil, machine oil, and the raw material of pharmaceutically making mycillin, and the oil tea cake contains saponin, crude fat etc. and has multiple industrial chemicals.Oil tea is the young growth phase of oil tea from sowing or cuttage before blooming.The power of young growth phase seedling growth is the basis of oil tea high yield, it is the prerequisite of cultivating the strong oil tea that grows up of key, existing transplanting grown seedlings, inserted the leaf seedling growing process to cultivate oil tea seedling survival rate low, breeding efficiency is low, therefore demands developing the camellia seedling technology of a kind of survival rate of seedling height, breeding efficiency height, good reliability urgently.
Part term and being defined as follows among the present invention:
The seedling anvil: seed in container through cultivated in 2 ~ 3 months form have certain-length and rugosity, stock is used during as grafting seedling.
Scion: during grafting, be connected on branch or bud on the stock.
Seedling anvil grafting: the propagation method of carrying out grafting with the seedling of cultivating seeds as stock.
Seedling stock grafting seedling: with scion and the grafting that formed by the seedling anvil engrafting and cultivating of cultivating seeds.
Seedling age: at the age of nursery stock, to going out the garden, at the age of the actual growth of nursery stock, to experience 1 year growth cycle as 1 seedling age unit, seedling age is represented with Arabic numerals, the usefulness in 1 year of less than 12/several or fractional representation from sowing, cutting or grafting.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to solve the deficiency that camellia seedling technology survival rate of seedling is low, breeding efficiency is low of prior art, the oil tea container nursery technology of a kind of survival rate height, cultivation efficient height, good reliability is provided.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of oil tea container nursery technology, this technology realizes by following step:
(1) seed collection: the oil tea fruit of plucking the maturation of 5 ~ 10% cracking of fruit, being stacked at room ventilation handles more than the 15d to natural cracking, shelling, use the sieve of aperture 1.2 ~ 1.5 cm to get the oil tea seed then, described oil tea seed is installed with the braiding that plastic envelope is arranged to be positioned over freezer standby in 0 ~ 5 ℃ of refrigeration;
(2) seed preliminary treatment: from freezer take out the liquor potassic permanganate seed soaking 30 ~ 45min that use mass fraction 0.4 ~ 0.5% with the oil tea seed mid-February next year, rinse well with clear water, then with 50 ~ 60 ℃ of water seed soakings, naturally cooling is back with clear water seed soaking 3 ~ 5d, change water during this time 1 ~ 2 time, the husky vernalization 25 ~ 35d that hides of oil tea seed after the seed soaking shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally 70%～80% seed;
(3) sowing:
1. choose have abundant water resources, plot that irrigation condition is good does the seedbed after smooth, is erected with the high cool canopy of 2 ~ 3m on the described seedbed, covers shading rate on the described cool canopy and be 70 ~ 85% sunshade net, establishes the microspray irrigation facility in the seedbed;
2. with the seedling medium can in the nonwoven mesh bag of diameter 4 ~ 5cm, and cut the segment that is sawn into 9 ~ 10cm, place then in the plastic seeding culturing plate, the cavings that described seedling medium selects peat for use, fermented is in the ratio preparation of mass ratio 6:4, and adds 3kg/m
3Controlled release fertilizer;
3. sand is hidden oil tea seed point after the vernalization and be sowed on the seedling medium in the non-woven fabric net bag, water permeablely, then plastic seeding culturing plate is placed the seedbed, build plastic film shed and sealing on the seedbed, described shed center equals 50cm far from the height in seedbed;
(4) seedling anvil grafting:
1. the oil tea planting seed was chosen 4 ~ 8 blades of growth after 70 days, and leading thread reaches the oil tea seedling of 2.0mm as the anvil seedling, and 2.0 ~ 3.0 cm places above rhizome portion cut off 1.1 ~ 1.3 cm of rip cutting from top to bottom along the axis with described anvil seedling;
2. select that cutting orchard maternal plant tree crown middle and upper part is physically well developed, the thick 1.5mm of branch is above, no damage by disease and insect and the living semi-lignified branch then that can cut 3 above scion of system prepare scion, to the branch chosen according to the blade size, big blade is cut off 1/2 or 1/3, cutter under 0.2 ~ 0.3 cm place, bottom of axillalry bud both sides, be whittled into 2 inclined-planes, long 1.0 ~ 1.2 cm of bevel, scion lower end wedgewise, 0.2 ~ 0.3 cm place, scion axillalry bud top cuts off branch;
3. the thick aluminium foil of 0.12 ~ 0.15 mm, be cut into wide 0.9 ~ 1cm, little of long 3 ~ 4cm, be processed into and have the circle cover that two faces are harmonious on one side, earlier the anvil seedling is packaged aluminium foil, select the scion consistent with stock tangent plane size, that length is suitable, anvil seedling otch is inserted in scion, and scion base portion and stock kerf bottom are close to, and then aluminium foil is progressively clutched from top to bottom, scion and anvil seedling are combined closely, the aluminium foil two ends are forward pinched commentaries on classics, compressed, oppositely clutch again, socket fringe with have gentle hands and do not come off and be as the criterion, place in the shed grafting and sealing;
(5) grafting management:
1. water management: in preceding 30 days after grafting, keep the interior relative moisture of scaffolding more than 95%, timely moisturizing during humidity deficit at seedling phase fine day every 1 ~ 2 d water spray once, to growth later stage fine day every 2 ~ 3d water spray once, is sprayed 20 ~ 30 min at every turn;
2. except anvil and weeding management: behind the shed sealing 40d, raise plastic film, the anvil bud on the removal stock, and artificial removal weeds, afterwards in conjunction with weeding every 20 days debuddings 1 time;
3. illumination and temperature treatment: in 25 days, shading rate should be controlled 75%～85% after the grafting, and temperature of shed should be controlled below 38 ℃; High temperature season on cool canopy again the lid layer shading rate be 50% sunshade net.
4. nutrient management: after the oil tea nursery stock grows 2 ~ 3 leaves, spray 800 times of liquid of 0.02% brassin lactones and 0.1 ~ 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, spray 1 time every 7 ~ 10 d, intersect with fertile; When the bud length to 3 of scion ~ 5 cm, can begin spraying concentration in conjunction with weeding is 0.2 ~ 0.3% urea; Growth later stage spraying concentration is composite fertilizer's solution of 0.2 ~ 0.3%, sprays 1 time every 7 ~ 10 d, and the described time that sprays is between morning or night;
(6) biennial seedling production management:
1. seedling medium is irregularly kept the skin wet;
2. the first tenday period of a month in April to October, carried out foliage fertilization to nursery stock the first tenday period of a month, 3 times every month, spray mass fraction and be 0.3 ~ 0.5% urea, 800 times of liquid of 0.02% brassin lactones, 0.1% ~ 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the three is used alternatingly, and begins the last ten-days period in October with 800 times of liquid sprays of 0.02% brassin lactones missible oil 2 times;
3. in time extract bud, 30 cm places cut dried pinching at height;
(7) go out the garden management:
1. lifting: keep in the container root system complete during lifting, shear the disconnected root system that passes container with cutter;
2. packed and transported: with bamboo basket, plastic crate or wooden frame splendid attire, every frame 100 ~ 200 strains, when transport on nursery stock way far away, add a cover tarpaulin.
As preferably, the seed of oil tea described in step 1) per kilogram contains 400 ~ 480, and the oil tea seed germination rate is more than or equal to 90%, and the oil tea seed grain is full greatly, reliable in quality, germination rate height, the reliability of growing seedlings height.
As preferably, lay ground cloth, seedbed width 100 ~ 110cm in the step 3) on the seedbed; Seedbed spacing 35 ~ 45cm.
As preferably, seedling medium can also be to select for use peat, vermiculite, perlite in the ratio preparation of mass ratio 5:2:3 in the step 3), and described seedling medium particle diameter is less than 0.8mm.
As preferably, cutting orchard uses and makes scion bull height through the breeding of authorization and connect breeding cuttage seeding or the sprout stock grafting of building the garden or selecting authorization for use and build Xin Pu in the step 4).
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) oil tea seedling reproduction speed is fast, and growing-seedling period is short, and nursery stock is evenly neat, is convenient to the mechanization operation;
(2) root system and matrix that the present invention educates the oil tea seedling are closely twined, and matrix is difficult for being scattered, and lifting is convenient, are convenient to long-distance transport;
(3) the present invention educates the restriction that the oil tea transplantation of seedlings is not subjected to the planting season, and the survival rate height is transplanted no seedling-slowing stage, and primary growth is fast.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of oil tea container nursery technology, this technology realizes by following step:
(1) seed collection: the oil tea fruit of plucking the maturation of 5% cracking of fruit, be stacked at room ventilation and handle 16d to natural cracking, shelling, sieve with aperture 1.5 cm gets the oil tea seed then, present embodiment per kilogram oil tea seed contains 400, bud ratio is 92%, places freezer standby in 0 ℃ of refrigeration in described oil tea seed;
(2) seed preliminary treatment: with the liquor potassic permanganate seed soaking 45min of oil tea seed with mass fraction 0.4%, rinse well with clear water, then with 50 ℃ of water seed soakings, naturally cooling back is with the clear water 5d that soaks seed, change water during this time 2 times, oil tea seed after the seed soaking is husky hides vernalization 25 days, and 70% seed is showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally;
(3) sowing:
1. choose have abundant water resources, plot that irrigation condition is good does the seedbed after smooth, lays ground cloth on the seedbed, seedbed width 100cm; Seedbed spacing 35cm is erected with the high cool canopy of 2m on the described seedbed, the covering shading rate is 70% sunshade net on the described cool canopy, and the microspray irrigation facility is installed in the seedbed;
2. with the seedling medium can in the nonwoven mesh bag of diameter 4cm, and cut the segment that is sawn into 10cm, place then in the plastic seeding culturing plate, the cavings that described seedling medium selects peat for use, fermented is in the ratio preparation of mass ratio 6:4, and adds 3kg/m
3Controlled release fertilizer;
3. sand being hidden oil tea seed point after the vernalization is sowed on the seedling medium in the non-woven fabric net bag, water permeable, then plastic seeding culturing plate is placed the seedbed, mao bamboon bar with long 200 cm, wide 3 cm, two ends sharpening, stride the seedbed and insert the both sides, seedbed, the arch center is 50cm far from the seedbed ground level, and the bamboo stripe pitch is 100cm, cover the thick plastic film of 0.014 mm, seal with earth all around;
(4) seedling anvil grafting:
1. the oil tea planting seed is after 70 days, chooses 4 blades of growth, and leading thread reaches the oil tea seedling of 2.0mm as the anvil seedling, with the 2.0 cm places cut-out above rhizome portion of described anvil seedling, and the rip cutting 1.1cm from top to bottom along the axis;
2. select that cutting orchard maternal plant tree crown middle and upper part is physically well developed, branch thick 1.6mm, no damage by disease and insect and the living semi-lignified branch then that can cut 4 scion of system prepare scion, the branch of choosing is cut off 1/2 to big blade, little blade is not cut, cutter under 0.2cm place, the bottom of axillalry bud both sides, be whittled into 2 inclined-planes, the long 1.0cm of bevel, scion lower end wedgewise, 0.2cm place, scion axillalry bud top cuts off branch;
3. the thick aluminium foil of 0.12mm, be cut into wide 0.9cm, long 3cm little, be processed into and have the circle cover that two faces are harmonious on one side, earlier the anvil seedling is packaged aluminium foil, select the scion consistent with stock tangent plane size, that length is suitable, anvil seedling otch is inserted in scion, and scion base portion and stock kerf bottom are close to, then aluminium foil is progressively clutched from top to bottom, scion and anvil seedling are combined closely, the aluminium foil two ends are forward pinched commentaries on classics, compressed, oppositely clutch again, socket fringe with have gentle hands and do not come off and be as the criterion, place in the shed grafting and sealing;
(5) grafting management:
1. water management: in the preceding 30d after grafting, keep the interior relative moisture of scaffolding 95.5%, timely moisturizing during humidity deficit at seedling phase fine day every 1 d water spray once, to growth later stage fine day every 2 d water spray once, is sprayed 30 min at every turn;
2. except anvil and weeding management: behind the shed sealing 40d, raise plastic film, the anvil bud on the removal stock, and artificial removal weeds, afterwards in conjunction with weeding every 20d debudding 1 time;
3. illumination and temperature treatment: in the 25d, shading rate is controlled 75% after the grafting, and maximum temperature should be controlled at 37 ℃ in the canopy;
4. nutrient management: after the oil tea nursery stock grows 2 leaves, spray 800 times of liquid of 0.02% brassin lactones breast and 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, spray 1 time every 7d, intersect with fertile; Long during to 3cm when the bud of scion, can begin spraying concentration in conjunction with weeding is 0.2% urea; Growth later stage spraying concentration is composite fertilizer's solution of 0.2%, sprays 1 time every 7d, and the described time that sprays is between morning;
(6) biennial seedling production management:
1. seedling medium is irregularly kept the skin wet;
2. the first tenday period of a month in April to October, carried out foliage fertilization to nursery stock the first tenday period of a month, 3 times every month, spray mass fraction and be 0.3% urea, 800 times of liquid of 0.02% brassin lactones, 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the three is used alternatingly, and begins the last ten-days period in October with 800 times of liquid sprays of 0.02% brassin lactones 2 times;
3. in time extract bud, 30 cm places cut dried pinching at height;
(7) go out the garden management:
1. lifting: keep in the container root system complete during lifting, shear the disconnected root system that passes container with cutter;
2. packed and transported: use the bamboo basket splendid attire, every frame 100 strains when transport on nursery stock way far away, are added a cover tarpaulin.
Embodiment 2
A kind of oil tea container nursery technology, this technology realizes by following step:
(1) seed collection: the oil tea fruit of plucking the maturation of 10% cracking of fruit, being stacked at room ventilation handles more than the 20d to natural cracking, shelling, sieve with aperture 1.5 cm gets the oil tea seed then, present embodiment per kilogram oil tea seed contains 480, bud ratio is 91%, places freezer standby in 5 ℃ of refrigerations in described oil tea seed;
(2) seed preliminary treatment: with the liquor potassic permanganate seed soaking 30min of oil tea seed with mass fraction 0.5%, rinse well with clear water, then with 60 ℃ of water seed soakings, naturally cooling back is with the clear water 3d that soaks seed, change water during this time 1 time, the husky vernalization 35d that hides of oil tea seed after the seed soaking shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally 80% seed;
(3) sowing:
1. choose have abundant water resources, plot that irrigation condition is good does the seedbed after smooth, lays ground cloth on the seedbed, seedbed width 110cm; Seedbed spacing 45cm sets up the high cool canopy of 3m on the described seedbed, the covering shading rate is 85% sunshade net on the described cool canopy, is provided with the microspray irrigation facility in the seedbed;
2. with the seedling medium can in the nonwoven mesh bag of diameter 5cm, and cut into the segment of 9cm, place then in the plastic seeding culturing plate, described seedling medium selects for use peat, vermiculite, perlite in the ratio preparation of mass ratio 5:2:3, the seedling medium particle diameter is 0.8mm;
3. sand being hidden oil tea seed point after the vernalization is sowed on the seedling medium in the non-woven fabric net bag, water permeable, then plastic seeding culturing plate is placed the seedbed, stride the seedbed with the stainless steel steel wire of diameter 4mm and insert the both sides, seedbed, the arch center is 50cm far from the seedbed ground level, the stainless steel wire spacing is 120cm, covers the thick plastic film of 0.03 mm, seals with earth all around;
(4) seedling anvil grafting:
1. behind the oil tea planting seed 70d, choose 8 blades of growth, leading thread reaches the oil tea seedling of 2.0mm as the anvil seedling, and 3.0 cm places above rhizome portion cut off 1.3 cm of rip cutting from top to bottom along the axis with described anvil seedling;
2. choose 10 years common camellia oleifera lams of life and make big anvil, select that cutting orchard maternal plant tree crown middle and upper part is physically well developed, branch thick 2.0mm, no damage by disease and insect and the living semi-lignified branch then that can cut 4 scion of system prepare scion, the branch of choosing is cut off 1/3 to big blade, little blade is not cut, cutter under the 0.3 cm place, bottom of axillalry bud both sides is whittled into 2 inclined-planes, long 1.2 cm of bevel, scion lower end wedgewise, 0.3 cm place, scion axillalry bud top cuts off branch;
3. the thick aluminium foil of 0.15 mm, be cut into wide 1cm, long 4cm little, be processed into and have the circle cover that two faces are harmonious on one side, earlier the anvil seedling is packaged aluminium foil, select the scion consistent with stock tangent plane size, that length is suitable, anvil seedling otch is inserted in scion, and scion base portion and stock kerf bottom are close to, then aluminium foil is progressively clutched from top to bottom, scion and anvil seedling are combined closely, the aluminium foil two ends are forward pinched commentaries on classics, compressed, oppositely clutch again, socket fringe with have gentle hands and do not come off and be as the criterion, place in the shed grafting and sealing;
(5) grafting management:
1. water management: in the preceding 30d after grafting, keep the interior relative moisture of scaffolding more than 96%, timely moisturizing during humidity deficit at seedling phase fine day every the 2d water spray once, to growth later stage fine day every 2 water sprays once, is sprayed 20min at every turn;
2. except anvil and weeding management: behind the shed sealing 40d, raise plastic film, the anvil bud on the removal stock, and artificial removal weeds, afterwards in conjunction with weeding every 20d debudding 1 time;
3. illumination and temperature treatment: in the 25d, shading rate is controlled 85% after the grafting, and maximum temperature control is at 35 ℃ in the canopy;
4. nutrient management: after the oil tea nursery stock grows 3 leaves, spray 800 times of liquid of 0.02% brassin lactones missible oil and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, spray 1 time every 10 d, intersect with fertile; Long during to 5cm when the bud of scion, can begin spraying concentration in conjunction with weeding is 0.3% urea; Growth later stage spraying concentration is composite fertilizer's solution of 0.3%, sprays 1 time every 10 d, and the described time of spraying is night;
(6) biennial seedling production management:
1. seedling medium is irregularly kept the skin wet;
2. the first tenday period of a month in April to October, carried out foliage fertilization to nursery stock the first tenday period of a month, 3 times every month, spraying concentration is 0.5% urea, 800 times of liquid of 0.02% brassin lactones missible oil, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the three is used alternatingly, and begins the last ten-days period in October with 800 times of liquid sprays of 0.02% brassin lactones 2 times;
3. in time extract bud, cut dried pinching at height 30cm place;
(7) go out the garden management:
1. lifting: keep in the container root system complete during lifting, shear the disconnected root system that passes container with cutter;
2. packed and transported: use the plastic crate splendid attire, every frame 200 strains when transport on nursery stock way far away, are added a cover tarpaulin.
Embodiment 3
A kind of oil tea container nursery technology, this technology realizes by following step:
(1) seed collection: the oil tea fruit of plucking the maturation of 7% cracking of fruit, being stacked at room ventilation handles more than the 18d to natural cracking, shelling, sieve with aperture 1.4cm gets the oil tea seed then, present embodiment per kilogram oil tea seed contains 430, bud ratio is 92.8%, places freezer standby in 2 ℃ of refrigerations in described oil tea seed;
(2) seed preliminary treatment: with the liquor potassic permanganate seed soaking 40min of oil tea seed with mass fraction 0.45%, rinse well with clear water, then with 55 ℃ of water seed soakings, naturally cooling back is with the clear water 4d that soaks seed, change water during this time 1 time, the husky vernalization 30d that hides of oil tea seed after the seed soaking shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally 75% seed;
(3) sowing:
1. choose have abundant water resources, plot that irrigation condition is good does the seedbed after smooth, lays ground cloth on the seedbed, seedbed width 105cm; Seedbed spacing 40cm is erected with the high cool canopy of 2.5m on the described seedbed, the covering shading rate is 75% sunshade net on the described cool canopy, establishes the microspray irrigation facility in the seedbed;
2. with the seedling medium can in the nonwoven mesh bag of diameter 4.5cm, and cut into the segment of 9.5cm, place then in the plastic seeding culturing plate, the cavings that described seedling medium selects peat for use, fermented is in the ratio preparation of mass ratio 6:4, and adds 3kg/m
3Controlled release fertilizer;
3. sand being hidden oil tea seed point after the vernalization is sowed on the seedling medium in the non-woven fabric net bag, water permeable, then plastic seeding culturing plate is placed the seedbed, mao bamboon bar with long 200 cm, wide 3 cm, two ends sharpening, stride the seedbed and insert the both sides, seedbed, the arch center is 50cm far from the seedbed ground level, and the bamboo stripe pitch is 110cm, cover the thick plastic film of 0.02 mm, seal with earth all around;
(4) seedling anvil grafting:
1. the oil tea planting seed is after 70 days, chooses 6 blades of growth, and leading thread reaches the oil tea seedling of 2.0mm as the anvil seedling, with the 2.5cm place cut-out above rhizome portion of described anvil seedling, and the rip cutting 1.2cm from top to bottom along the axis;
2. select that cutting orchard maternal plant tree crown middle and upper part is physically well developed, branch thick 1.8mm, no damage by disease and insect and the living semi-lignified branch then that can cut 4 scion of system prepare scion, the branch of choosing is cut off 1/2 to big blade, little blade is not cut, cutter under the 0.25 cm place, bottom of axillalry bud both sides, be whittled into 2 inclined-planes, the long 1.1cm of bevel, scion lower end wedgewise, 0.25cm place, scion axillalry bud top cuts off branch;
3. the thick aluminium foil of 0.13mm, be cut into wide 0.95cm, little of long 3.5cm, be processed into and have the circle cover that two faces are harmonious on one side, earlier the anvil seedling is packaged aluminium foil, select the scion consistent with stock tangent plane size, that length is suitable, anvil seedling otch is inserted in scion, and scion base portion and stock kerf bottom are close to, and then aluminium foil is progressively clutched from top to bottom, scion and anvil seedling are combined closely, the aluminium foil two ends are forward pinched commentaries on classics, compressed, oppositely clutch again, socket fringe with have gentle hands and do not come off and be as the criterion, place in the shed grafting and sealing;
(5) grafting management:
1. water management: in the preceding 30d after grafting, keep the interior relative moisture of scaffolding more than 95.5%, timely moisturizing during humidity deficit at seedling phase fine day every the 1d water spray once, to growth later stage fine day every the 2d water spray once, is sprayed 20min at every turn;
2. except anvil and weeding management: behind the shed sealing 40d, raise plastic film, the anvil bud on the removal stock, and artificial removal weeds, afterwards in conjunction with weeding every 20 days debuddings 1 time;
3. illumination and temperature treatment: in 25 d, shading rate should be controlled 80% after the grafting, and maximum temperature should be controlled below 30 ℃ in the canopy;
4. nutrient management: after the oil tea nursery stock grows 2 leaves, spray 800 times of liquid of 0.02% brassin lactones and 0.15% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, spray 1 time every 8 d, intersect with fertile; Long during to 4cm when the bud of scion, can begin spraying concentration in conjunction with weeding is 0.25% urea; Growth later stage spraying concentration is composite fertilizer's solution of 0.25%, sprays 1 time every 8d, and the described time that sprays is between morning;
(6) biennial seedling production management:
1. seedling medium is irregularly kept the skin wet;
2. the first tenday period of a month in April to October, carried out foliage fertilization to nursery stock the first tenday period of a month, 3 times every month, spray mass fraction and be 0.4% urea, 800 times of liquid of 0.02% brassin lactones, 0.15% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the three is used alternatingly, and begins the last ten-days period in October with 800 times of liquid sprays of 0.02% brassin lactones 2 times;
3. in time extract bud, cut dried pinching at height 30cm place;
(7) go out the garden management:
1. lifting: keep in the container root system complete during lifting, shear the disconnected root system that passes container with cutter;
2. packed and transported: use the wooden frame splendid attire, every frame 150 strains when transport on nursery stock way far away, are added a cover tarpaulin.
Above-described embodiment is a kind of preferable scheme of the present invention, is not that the present invention is done any pro forma restriction, also has other variant and remodeling under the prerequisite that does not exceed the technical scheme that claim puts down in writing.
Claims (5)
1. oil tea container nursery technology is characterized in that this technology realizes by following step:
(1) seed collection: the oil tea fruit of plucking the maturation of 5 ~ 10% cracking of fruit, being stacked at room ventilation handles more than the 15d to natural cracking, shelling, use the sieve of aperture 1.2 ~ 1.5cm to get the oil tea seed then, place freezer standby in 0 ~ 5 ℃ of refrigeration in described oil tea seed;
(2) seed preliminary treatment: with the liquor potassic permanganate seed soaking 30 ~ 45min of oil tea seed with mass fraction 0.4 ~ 0.5%, rinse well with clear water, then with 50 ~ 60 ℃ of water seed soakings, naturally cooling is back with clear water seed soaking 3 ~ 5d, change water during this time 1 ~ 2 time, the husky vernalization 25 ~ 35d that hides of oil tea seed after the seed soaking shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally 70 ~ 80% seed;
(3) sowing:
1. choose have abundant water resources, plot that irrigation condition is good does the seedbed after smooth, is erected with the high cool canopy of 2 ~ 3m on the described seedbed, covers shading rate on the described cool canopy and be 70 ~ 85% sunshade net, establishes the microspray irrigation facility in the seedbed;
2. with the seedling medium can in the nonwoven mesh bag of diameter 4 ~ 5cm, and cut the segment that is sawn into 9 ~ 10cm, place then in the plastic seeding culturing plate, the cavings that described seedling medium selects peat for use, fermented is in the ratio preparation of mass ratio 6:4, and adds 3kg/m
3Controlled release fertilizer;
3. sand is hidden oil tea seed point after the vernalization and be sowed on the seedling medium in the non-woven fabric net bag, water permeablely, then plastic seeding culturing plate is placed the seedbed, build plastic film shed and sealing on the seedbed, described shed center equals 50cm far from the height in seedbed;
(4) seedling anvil grafting:
1. behind the oil tea planting seed 70d, choose 4 ~ 8 blades of growth, leading thread reaches the oil tea seedling of 2.0mm as the anvil seedling, and 2.0 ~ 3.0 cm places above rhizome portion cut off 1.1 ~ 1.3 cm of rip cutting from top to bottom along the axis with described anvil seedling;
2. select that cutting orchard maternal plant tree crown middle and upper part is physically well developed, the thick 1.5mm of branch is above, no damage by disease and insect and the living semi-lignified branch then that can cut 3 above scion of system prepare scion, the branch of choosing is cut off 1/2 or 1/3 to big blade, cutter under 0.2 ~ 0.3 cm place, bottom of axillalry bud both sides, be whittled into 2 inclined-planes, long 1.0 ~ 1.2 cm of bevel, scion lower end wedgewise, 0.2 ~ 0.3 cm place, scion axillalry bud top cuts off branch;
3. the thick aluminium foil of 0.12 ~ 0.15 mm, be cut into wide 0.9 ~ 1cm, little of long 3 ~ 4cm, be processed into and have the circle cover that two faces are harmonious on one side, earlier the anvil seedling is packaged aluminium foil, select the scion consistent with stock tangent plane size, that length is suitable, anvil seedling otch is inserted in scion, and scion base portion and stock kerf bottom are close to, and then aluminium foil is progressively clutched from top to bottom, scion and anvil seedling are combined closely, the aluminium foil two ends are forward pinched commentaries on classics, compressed, oppositely clutch again, socket fringe with have gentle hands and do not come off and be as the criterion, place in the shed grafting and sealing;
(5) grafting management:
1. water management: in the preceding 30d after grafting, keep the interior relative moisture of scaffolding more than 95%, timely moisturizing during humidity deficit at seedling phase fine day every 1 ~ 2 d water spray once, to growth later stage fine day every 2 ~ 3d water spray once, is sprayed 20 ~ 30 min at every turn;
2. except anvil and weeding management: behind the shed sealing 40d, raise plastic film, the anvil bud on the removal stock, and artificial removal weeds, afterwards in conjunction with weeding every 20 d debuddings 1 time;
3. illumination and temperature treatment: in the 25d, shading rate should be controlled 75%～85% after the grafting, and temperature of shed should be controlled below 38 ℃;
4. nutrient management: after the oil tea nursery stock grows 2 ~ 3 leaves, spray 800 times of liquid of 0.02% brassin lactones and 0.1 ~ 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, spray 1 time every 7 ~ 10 d, intersect with fertile; When the bud length to 3 of scion ~ 5 cm, can begin spraying concentration in conjunction with weeding is 0.2 ~ 0.3% urea; Growth later stage spraying concentration is composite fertilizer's solution of 0.2 ~ 0.3%, sprays 1 time every 7 ~ 10 d, and the described time that sprays is between morning or night;
(6) biennial seedling production management:
1. seedling medium is irregularly kept the skin wet;
2. the first tenday period of a month in April to October, carried out foliage fertilization to nursery stock the first tenday period of a month, 3 times every month, spray mass fraction and be 0.3 ~ 0.5% urea, 800 times of liquid of 0.02% brassin lactones and 0.1 ~ 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the three is used alternatingly, and begins the last ten-days period in October with 800 times of liquid sprays of 0.02% brassin lactones 2 times;
3. in time extract bud, 30 cm places cut dried pinching at height;
(7) go out the garden management:
1. lifting: keep in the container root system complete during lifting, shear the disconnected root system that passes container with cutter;
2. packed and transported: with bamboo basket, plastic crate or wooden frame splendid attire, every frame 100 ~ 200 strains, when transport on nursery stock way far away, add a cover tarpaulin.
2. a kind of oil tea container nursery technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the seed of oil tea described in step 1) per kilogram contains 400 ~ 480, and the oil tea seed germination rate is more than or equal to 90%.
3. a kind of oil tea container nursery technology according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, lays ground cloth, seedbed width 100 ~ 110cm in the step 3) on the seedbed; Seedbed spacing 35 ~ 45cm.
4. a kind of oil tea container nursery technology according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, seedling medium can also be to select for use peat, vermiculite, perlite to prepare in the ratio of mass ratio 5:2:3 in the step 3), and described seedling medium particle diameter is less than 0.8mm.
5. a kind of oil tea container nursery technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the garden of collecting seedling in the step 4) is used and to be made scion bull height through the breeding of authorization and connect breeding cuttage seeding or the sprout stock grafting of building the garden or selecting authorization for use and build Xin Pu.
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