CN103004415A - Semi-annual walnut stock and cultivating method of semi-annual stock walnut seedlings - Google Patents
Semi-annual walnut stock and cultivating method of semi-annual stock walnut seedlings Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a walnut semi-annual stock and a cultivating method of semi-annual stock walnut seedlings, belonging to the technical field of forest cultivation. The cultivating method of the semi-annual walnut stock comprises the following steps of: with same year seeds of a Sigillate walnut seedling tree as seeds for stock cultivation, treating the seeds, sowing the seeds into a ground bed in autumn in the same year, covering mulching films and constructing a plastic film arched shed, and controlling the temperature in the shed to 16-20 DEG C before euphylla of the seedlings is expanded, covering a sunshade net with the light transmittance of being 20-30 percent, wherein the soil water content is 40-50 percent; and after the euphylla of the seedlings is expanded and before graft is carried out in February and March of the next year, controlling the temperature in the shed to 15-25 DEG C, the light transmittance of the sunshade net to 40-60 percent and the soil water content to 40-60 percent. The semi-annual stock cultivated by using the cultivating method is used for cultivating the semi-annual stock walnut tree seedlings through grafting. The cultivating method disclosed by the invention is short in cultivation time, the average outplanting rate of the walnut seedlings is up to 87.7 percent which is increased by 25.5-67.4 percent in contrast, and the seedling raising cost is reduced in comparison with that of a bud stock.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Forest-tree culture technical field, specifically relate to the breeding method of walnut stock and Juglans.
Background technology
Juglans (Juglans) seeds are world-renowned nonwood forest trees, and Yunnan Province is one of original producton location of walnut, are the walnut main producing regions in the whole nation, and its cultivated area and output account for 2/3rds of the whole nation.Walnut is to promote hill farmer to shake off poverty and set out on the road to prosperity, and drives " leading industry " of Rural economy in the mountain area development in an all-round way, has become the pillar industry of Yunnan Province's forestry.In recent years, except the demand Juglans amount of this province greatly, also supply with the provinces such as peripheral Guizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guangxi, to about 5,000 ten thousand strains of Juglans annual requirement, therefore, the development Walnut Industry is cultivated not only high-quality but also breeding walnut stock and Juglans thereof are key technologies cheaply.
Juglans (Juglans) has more than 20 and plants, and is distributed in Asia, Europe, America.Originating in 5 kinds that have of China, is respectively walnut (J.regia L), complex peach (J.sigillata Dode), Juglans mandshurica (J.manshurica Maxim), Chinese walnut (J.cathayensis Dode) and Hebei walnut (J.hopeiensis Hu).Wherein walnut (J.regia L) and two kinds of complex peach (J.sigillata Dode) as the cultivation of nut woody oil tree species are many owing to distributing extensively, cultivating, and become the main body of Chinese cultivated walnut.Walnut spreads all over motherland on both sides of the Changjiang River, and complex peach (J.sigillata Dode) then mainly is distributed in the southwest, and Yunnan Province is the area that complex peach germ plasm resource is the abundantest, the cultivation that distributes is concentrated the most.
The main seedling-cultivating method of walnut is to move anvil grafting and bud stock grafting at present.Two kinds of seedling raising mannerses respectively have pluses and minuses.
The operation sequence that the bud anvil is grown seedlings is: 1, the HORMONE TREATMENT seed is with breaking dormancy; 2, casting bed cultivation bud anvil seedling (claims again: rootstock seedling), utilize the sand shading that the grafting part yellow is increased slightly, be convenient to grafting; 3, dig out life half a year rootstock seedling and carry out grafting; 4, implant the seedbed, cultivate grafting, go out the garden after 1 year.The grafting of cultivating is a year and a half seedling age seedling.Its advantage is that seedling raise period is short; It is higher that shortcoming is that casting bed is educated the anvil cost, and the grafting mouth is lower, and easily to be embedded in soil lower for the grafting mouth when planting seedlings, the impact growth, and the outplanting rate of Juglans (being grafting) is low.
Moving the operation sequence that anvil grows seedlings is: 1, cultivate the annual rootstock seedling that grows directly from seeds; 2, dig out annual rootstock seedling and carry out grafting; 3, implant the seedbed, cultivate grafting, go out the garden after 1 year.The grafting of cultivating is biennial seedling seedling in age.Its advantage stock grafting mouth position is higher, and the stock quality is better, and shortcoming is that seedling raise period is longer, and the outplanting rate of Juglans (grafting) is low.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to overcome existing bud anvil to grow seedlings that to educate the anvil cost higher for casting bed, the stock grafting mouth position of cultivating is lower, the grafting mouth easily is embedded under the soil when planting seedlings, the impact growth, the Juglans outplanting rate is low, and overcome existing walnut and move in the anvil graft seedling growth that stock is cultivated and the cultivation time of Juglans is longer, the defective that the Juglans outplanting rate is low and deficiency its objective is that the cultivation time that a kind of stock and Juglans (grafting) are provided is both short, the outplanting rate of Juglans is high again, the breeding method of walnut anvil half a year of cost and half a year the anvil Juglans breeding method.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
1, a kind of breeding method of walnut anvil half a year goes out the garden step by seed treatment, sowing, rootstock seedling management and lifting and forms, and each step is as follows:
(1) seed treatment
With the seed of complex peach (J.sigillata Dode) seedling tree seed then as the stock cultivation, this seed seed selection benevolence is full, even, the anosis worm of size, without going rotten and ripe, unbaked and without the seed of bleaching, seed is shady do after with 100ppm gibberellin liquid seed soaking 5d～7d;
(2) sowing
Seed after the described seed soaking of step 1 is sown into groundbed October～November in then, described groundbed is after ploughing deeply native 30cm～40cm, makes the high moisture in the soil face of 10cm～15cm, and the spacing in the rows of sowing is 5cm, and line-spacing is 15cm.
(3) rootstock seedling management
Covering with plastic film and build the plastic film shed after planting, the control temperature of shed is 16～20 ℃ before the seedling true leaf launches, the covering light transmittance is 20%～30% sunshade net on the canopy, soil moisture content is that 40%～50%(is in mass fraction); After the seedling true leaf launches to before Second Year after planting February～March, lifting went out the garden, the control temperature of shed is 15～25 ℃, the light transmittance of sunshade net is 40%～60%, and soil moisture content is 40%～60%, imposes urea 5 ㎏ that contain N 〉=46% in mass fraction/666.7m after rootstock seedling all sprouts
2～10 ㎏/666.7m
2Once, the percentage of soil moisture content is mass fraction.
(4) lifting goes out the garden
After planting Second Year 2 digs out robust growth to March, anosis worm, has no mechanical damage, and root system is complete, and the many seedling of fibrous root is for grafting.
2, a kind of half a year the anvil Juglans breeding method, comprise that grafting, transplanting, bud picking, solution are tied up, moisture control, fertilising, weeding, the extermination of disease and insect pest and go out the garden, described grafting is that walnut anvil half a year of cultivating with the breeding method of technique scheme 1 described walnut stock half a year February～March is that stock carries out grafting according to a conventional method.
After walnut anvil half a year refers to the walnut maturation, get then its seed in seeding and seedling raising in October then～November, the rootstock seedling that is used for next year February～grafting in March, cause is near cultivating the stock that can be used for grafting half a year, be called anvil half a year in this area, with half a year anvil be that the Juglans that stock grafting is cultivated is called anvil Juglans half a year.
The computing formula of soil moisture content is:
R is soil moisture content, in mass fraction;
m
1Be wet soil quality (g);
m
2Be dry ground quality (g)
The dry ground quality refers to that 105 ℃ of oven dry soil specimens reach the quality of constant weight.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The inventive method is according to the physiological property of Walnut Seed, adopt groundbed to cultivate stock and the suitable temperature of control, moisture, the light transmittance condition, promoted the rootstock seedling growth, stock grafting mouth position is higher, thereby the rootstock seedling quality is good, can cultivate the stock that can be used for grafting nearly half a year in February next year to March after planting, the Juglans of cultivating after the grafting (is anvil Juglans half a year, also be grafting) 1 year just can go out the garden, the Juglans of cultivating is a year and a half seedling age seedling, therefore, the seedling raise period of stock and Juglans is all short, and the Juglans outplanting rate increases substantially, and on average reaches 87.7%, the cost decrease.
(contrast 1) substantially quite (bud anvil grow seedlings half a year stock time of cultivating, the Juglans of cultivation be a year and a half seedling age seedling) although the inventive method was grown seedlings with existing bud anvil on the time of cultivating stock and Juglans, but the seedling cost of the inventive method is than the reduction of growing seedlings of existing bud anvil, and the outplanting rate of Juglans than existing bud anvil grow seedlings (bud anvil grow seedlings Juglans outplanting rate average 69.9%) improved 25.5%, growing seedlings to compare with existing bud anvil has produced unforeseeable technique effect.
The stock seedling raise period of the inventive method than existing move anvil grow seedlings (contrast 2) shortened half (move anvil grow seedlings cultivate stock need 1 year), the seedling raise period of Juglans is grown seedlings and has been shortened half a year than the existing anvil that moves, and the outplanting rate of Juglans than existing move anvil grow seedlings (move anvil grow seedlings Juglans outplanting rate average 52.4%) improved 67.4%, grow seedlings to compare and also produced unforeseeable technique effect with the existing anvil that moves.
The stock that can be used for grafting is except the rootstock seedling robust growth, anosis worm, has no mechanical damage, and root system is complete, fibrous root how outside, the cane diameter of its stock also need reach 0.5～2.0cm, grafting just suits; Stock grafting mouth position will be at distance stock basal part of stem (stock stem and root junction) more than the 5cm, it is higher just to belong to grafting mouth position, if grafting mouth position and stock basal part of stem are apart less than 5cm, then grafting mouth position is lower, the grafting mouth easily is embedded under the soil when planting seedlings (transplanting), the impact growth, the outplanting rate of Juglans (being grafting) can reduce.
The rootstock seedling that the inventive method is cultivated is except reaching the rootstock seedling robust growth, anosis worm, have no mechanical damage, root system is complete, fibrous root how outside, not only the stem stalk diameter of its stock can reach 0.5～2.0cm, and calculate the stem stalk take the stock basal part of stem as starting point long, this stem stalk length has 5cm～7cm, position grafting that namely can be more than distance stock basal part of stem 5cm, therefore, grafting mouth position is higher, plant seedlings after the grafting (transplanting) be easy to survive, the Juglans outplanting rate increases substantially, and its Juglans outplanting rate on average reaches 87.7%, is the rootstock seedling of high-quality.
Existing bud anvil is grown seedlings and is cultivated stock in (contrast 1) and utilize the sand shading that the grafting part yellow is increased slightly, although can reach stem stalk diameter 0.5 ㎝ of suitable grafting～2.0 ㎝, but calculate the stem stalk take the stock basal part of stem as starting point long, this stem stalk length only has 2cm～4cm, be the longest 4cm of only having of grafting mouth positional distance stock basal part of stem, thereby grafting mouth position is lower, easily to be embedded in soil lower for the grafting mouth when causing planting seedlings after the grafting, be unfavorable for the growth of Juglans (grafting), the outplanting rate of Juglans greatly reduces, its Juglans outplanting rate average out to 69.9%.
Existing move that anvil is grown seedlings (contrast 2) although in the stem stalk diameter of the rootstock seedling cultivated be 0.5 ㎝～2.0 ㎝, calculate the stem stalk take the stock basal part of stem as starting point long, this stem stalk length has 8cm～10cm, position grafting that namely can be more than distance stock basal part of stem 5cm, therefore, grafting mouth position is higher, has improved stock grafting mouth position, the stock quality is better, but do not grow seedlings owing to adopt the groundbed overlay film to add shed, its rootstock seedling cultivation time has increased by 1 times, needs to cultivate 1 year, and causing Juglans (grafting) is biennial seedling seedling in age.Since move anvil grow seedlings cultivate the rootstock seedling growth time grow (the rootstock seedling developmental age is longer), its rootstock seedling is older, its Juglans outplanting rate greatly reduces, (moving the Juglans outplanting rate average out to 52.4% that anvil is grown seedlings) although cause stock grafting mouth position to improve.
Rootstock seedling during existing bud anvil is grown seedlings is cultivated and is adopted casting bed to cultivate, although utilize the sand shading that the grafting part yellow is increased slightly, reach the stem stalk diameter requirement of grafting, but except producing the lower defective in grafting mouth position, it cultivates cost up, the cost that husky bed cost, the husky bed of maintenance are arranged that its cost increases, therefore, the method that the present invention cultivates stock has reduced cost (cost of groundbed is well below the cost of husky bed, and husky bed also has identical floor space).
Embodiment
Below among each embodiment the material such as the used hard scion grafting fringe of complex peach (J.sigillata Dode) seedling tree seed, improved variety of walnut then, mulch film, arched shed support, shed film, fertilizer, gibberellin all can buy in market.
Embodiment 1
The inventive method is established 3 repetitions, and two contrasts are set, contrast 1(CK
1) for bud Xian grows seedlings, contrast 2 (CK
2) grow seedlings for moving anvil.Implement the place: Qujing City of Yunnan Province the earth ecological industry development corporation, Ltd..
(1) breeding method of walnut anvil half a year of the present invention:
1, seed treatment
With the seed of complex peach (J.sigillata Dode) seedling tree seed then as the stock cultivation, this seed seed selection benevolence is full, even, the anosis worm of size, without going rotten and ripe, unbaked and without the bleaching seed, seed is shady do after, sowed after with 100ppm gibberellin liquid seed soaking 5d October 11.
2, sowing
Seed after the described seed soaking of step 1 is implanted on the groundbed, and described groundbed is after ploughing deeply native 30cm～40cm, makes the high moisture in the soil face of 10cm～15cm, and the spacing in the rows of sowing is 5cm, and line-spacing is 15cm.
3, rootstock seedling management
Covering with plastic film and build the plastic film shed after planting, the control temperature of shed is 16～20 ℃ before the seedling true leaf launches, the covering light transmittance is 20%～30% sunshade net on the canopy, soil moisture content is that 40%～50%(is in mass fraction); It is front to next year February～March, lifting went out garden (grafting) after the seedling true leaf launches, the control temperature of shed is 15～25 ℃, the light transmittance of sunshade net is 40%～60%, and soil moisture content is 40%～60%, imposes the urea 5kg/666.7m that contains N 〉=46% in mass fraction after rootstock seedling all sprouts
2Once.
4, lifting goes out the garden
Second Year early and middle ten days in March after planting, lifting goes out the garden, digs out robust growth, anosis worm, have no mechanical damage, root system is complete, the rootstock seedling that fibrous root is many, the stem stalk diameter of this rootstock seedling reaches 0.5 ㎝～2.0 ㎝, calculate the stem stalk take the stock basal part of stem as starting point long, and this stem stalk length has 5cm～7cm, position grafting that namely can be more than distance stock basal part of stem 5cm, therefore, grafting mouth position is higher, and plant seedlings after the grafting (transplanting) is easy to survive, and is the rootstock seedling of high-quality.
(2) half a year of the present invention the anvil Juglans breeding method, its step is as follows:
1, grafting
With the embodiment 1(one that has dug) rootstock seedling cultivated of the breeding method of walnut of the present invention anvil half a year is as the stock of grafting, and simple bud cut-grafting routinely or cleft grafting method carry out grafting indoor, and scion is the hard scion grafting fringe of improved variety of walnut, wraps up interface with plastic strip.
2, transplant
Plant groundbed after the grafting, groundbed is located at smooth, the close water source of physical features, well-drained place.Seeding row spacing 10cm * 30cm.Tread soil after the cultivation, water permeable, the bed surface covering with plastic film.Budder and to expose face, press fine earth on the face, heat moisturizing.
3, bud picking
After grafting survives, the young shoot that the stock of in time erasing is sprouted.
4, solution is tied up
The young sprout of grafting reached 50cm～70cm and can solution ties up late July, in the time of also can after grafting is gone out the garden, planting again solution tie up to prevent lifting and in transit interface rive.
5, moisture control
Should keep dry season nursery soil moistening, every 10d～15d waters water one time.Then note the nursery lot draining rainy season.
6, fertilising
At June～grafting growth in July animated period, impose urea 50kg/666.7m
2, adopt ditch spread or spread manuer in holes.Should impose potassium dihydrogen phosphate 8～10kg/666.7m in the fall
2
7, weeding
The vegetative period of grafting, intertill and clean tillage three to four times.
8, the extermination of disease and insect pest
Root rot control in seedling stage, 1000 times of liquid of available 1% copper sulphate or thiophanate methyl water its shoot root section, every 666.7m
2With liquid 250kg～300kg.Also available quicklime powder is spread on seedling basal part of stem and the control of rhizosphere soil place.Grafting anthracnose, frost point disease and controlling powdery mildew can be sprayed 800 times of liquid controls of 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder.
Grafting mainly prevents and treats weevil, slug moth, chafer, green cicada moth, and 500 times of liquid of available 2.5% decamethrin are sprayed.
9, go out the garden
Lifting behind the autumn Mo walnut nursery stock fallen leaves, 7d fills with permeable before the lifting, adopts the lifting of ditching in the ranks, should protect trunk and root system during lifting, prevents disconnected top, hinders skin, splits root, keeps root system complete.Nursery stock wood should reach height of seedling more than 40 centimetres, and leading thread is more than 0.5 centimetre.The nursery stock that trips out should be concentrated stacking, covers straw screen or mat, prevents dehydration and frostbite.The investigation of Juglans outplanting rate sees table 2 for details, and average outplanting rate reaches 85.7%.
(3) contrast 1(CK
1) bud Xian grow seedlings (establishing 3 repetitions)
Bud Xian grows seedlings (grafting) except following method of cultivating stock and used stock difference, and all the other steps are identical with embodiment 1 one and two.
(1) cultivation of the bud Xian stock of growing seedlings
Except following step difference, all the other steps are identical with the breeding method of embodiment 1 one, walnut of the present invention anvil half a year.
The seed of seed soaking is implanted on the casting bed, and its planting density is closeer than the thickness of sowing of anvil half a year, and the spacing in the rows of sowing is 4cm, and line-spacing is 10cm.
Casting bed is arranged on and selects that physical features is smooth near the nursery, hidding and sunny side, near water source, well-drained place, East and West direction is made bed.Casting bed is wide 1 meter, and length is decided with seed what and physical features.Weeding a garden first when making bed, then beat flute profile downwards, is 10 centimetres deeply, thick type river sand in the fresh fertilized of interior shop 15 cm thicks, and particle diameter is the 3-4 millimeter, will hold the drain ditch successfully around the bed, is ready to bamboo frame and mulch film, after planting covers.
Casting bed fully dissolves rear with watering pot drip washing river sand until medicament with 0.01% benzalkonium bromide or 0.2% potassium permanganate solution, after about 15 minutes, again with repeatedly drip washing of clear water, after sterilization, the fresh middle rough sand river sand of cleaning is laid in the bed.
The rootstock seedling management:
After planting only build the plastic film shed, sunshade net is set on the shed.The control temperature of shed is 18～22 ℃ before the seedling true leaf launches, and the covering light transmittance is 20%～30% sunshade net on the canopy, and the mass water content of middle coarse grain river sand is controlled at 15%～20%; Before the seedling true leaf launched to go out the garden to grafting in February next year lifting afterwards, the control temperature of shed was 15～25 ℃, and the light transmittance of sunshade net is 40%～50%, and the mass water content of river sand is 15%～25%, but rootstock seedling is not used any fertilizer on casting bed.
(2) grafting
Except the stock that adopts is above-mentioned (three) contrast 1(CK
1) bud Xian grows seedlings outside the stock that the breeding method of the stock that (1) described bud Xian grows seedlings cultivates, all the other grafting methods, transplanting, bud picking, solution are tied up, moisture control, fertilising, weeding, the extermination of disease and insect pest, go out garden and embodiment 1(two) described half a year of the present invention the anvil Juglans breeding method identical, repeat no more.
The result: the stock stem stalk diameter that the cultivation of the stock that bud Xian grows seedlings is cultivated reaches 0.5 ㎝～2.0 ㎝, calculate the stem stalk take the stock basal part of stem as starting point long, this stem stalk length has 3～4cm, the outplanting rate of its Juglans (grafting) sees table 2 for details after the grafting, the average outplanting rate of its Juglans is 74.6%, the present invention compares with contrast 1, and average outplanting rate has improved 14.9%.
The cultivation of the stock that bud Xian grows seedlings, because adopting casting bed cultivates, utilize the sand shading that the grafting part yellow is increased slightly, so that the cane diameter of the rootstock seedling of cultivating has reached 0.5 ㎝～2.0 ㎝, calculate the stem stalk take the stock basal part of stem as starting point long, this stem stalk length only has 3～4cm, be the highest 4cm of only having of grafting mouth positional distance stock basal part of stem, show that grafting mouth position is lower, affected the quality of stock, easily to be embedded in soil lower for the grafting mouth when causing planting seedlings after the grafting, is unfavorable for the growth of Juglans (grafting), and the outplanting rate of Juglans is lower.
(4) contrast 2(CK
2) move anvil grow seedlings (establishing 3 repetitions)
(1) move the grow seedlings cultivation of middle stock of anvil:
1, seed treatment: with the seed that complex peach (J.sigillata Dode) seedling tree seed is then cultivated as stock, this seed seed selection benevolence is full, even, the anosis worm of size, without go rotten, fully ripe, unbaked or without bleaching.Seed can not adopt gibberellin liquid seed soaking, and adopts the flowing water seed soaking, with pack into fiber crops dress or have in the volume basket of sealing of seed, all immerses in flowing water river or the pond.Turned over every 2 days kind once, soaked 7 days～9 days, pull out after suctioning water.A little airing treats that the suture cracking of 80% seed can be sowed.
2, sowing
2.1 the preparation before the sowing
Seed after the seed soaking of the above is implanted on the groundbed, and described groundbed is after ploughing deeply native 30cm～40cm, makes the high moisture in the soil face of 10cm～15cm, and the spacing in the rows of sowing is 6cm, and line-spacing is 20cm.Sow front 7 days and should fill with once end water.
2.2 the sowing time
Spring, sowing should be carried out during mid-February～late March, and planted in fall can carry out behind seed collection.
2.3 type of seeding
Adopt the trench digging program request, line-spacing 15～20cm, spacing in the rows 20～25cm, ditch depth 8～10cm.Put sowing time, make the suture of nut perpendicular to the ground, the kind point points to parallel to the ground, covers the thick soil of 6～8cm.The soil moisture conservation of straw moisture-heat preservation is added a cover in a little suppression behind the earthing.
3, rootstock seedling management
The seed sprouting initial stage, should cover grass or sunshade net in good time, the seedling that prevents from being unearthed is subjected to the evil of burning day.After nursery stock all sprouts, carry out intertill and clean tillage two to three times, if rainwater is more, according to the weeds propagation and widespread situation, can increase by one to secondary.In conjunction with intertillage rootstock seedling is cut off main root and pinching processing at the beginning of autumn late summer, cultivate strong sprout.Should pour water spring two to three times.Execute urea (10～15kg)/666.7m during May～June
2Chase after potassium dihydrogen phosphate (8～10kg)/666.7m July
2Note drainage waterlogging prevention rainy season.
4, lifting goes out the garden
The sowing in spring, the stem stalk diameter that just can cultivate rootstock seedling to spring next year reaches 0.5 ㎝～2.0 ㎝, just can go out the garden, planted in fall, the stem stalk diameter that just can cultivate rootstock seedling to autumn next year reaches 0.5 ㎝～2.0 ㎝, just can go out the garden (since cultivation time of rootstock seedling long to 1 year or more than, at least the cultivation time than rootstock seedling among the present invention increases by 1 times, so that the stem stalk diameter of the rootstock seedling of cultivating has reached 0.5 ㎝～2.0 ㎝), therefore, the stock time of cultivating has increased by 1 times than the present invention, needs to cultivate 1 year.
Therefore, lifting goes out the garden and selects the robust growth in 1 year to 2 years for the rootstock seedling of grafting, anosis worm, has no mechanical damage, and root system is complete, and fibrous root is many, and this anvil that stem stalk diameter reaches 0.5 ㎝～2.0 ㎝ grows directly from seeds strong sprout.The stem stalk length that this stock cane diameter reaches 0.5cm～2.0cm has 8cm～10cm, position grafting that can be more than distance stock basal part of stem 5cm, and therefore, grafting mouth position is higher.
(2) grafting (moving anvil grows seedlings)
(1) described anvil stock that the cultivation of middle stock cultivates of growing seedlings that moves carries out the grafting in adopting contrast 2, all the other all the other grafting methods, transplanting, bud picking, solution are tied up, moisture control, fertilising, weeding, the extermination of disease and insect pest, go out garden and embodiment 1(two) described half a year of the present invention the anvil Juglans breeding method identical, repeat no more.
Moving anvil grows seedlings owing to adopt the groundbed overlay film to add shed not grow seedlings, cause the growth time of its rootstock seedling to increase, the stock time of cultivating has increased by 1 times than the inventive method stock cultivation time, and (namely moving the anvil stock of cultivating of growing seedlings is 1 year anvil, and the stock that the present invention cultivates is anvil half a year,), cultivate the time the same (1 year) although move grow seedlings cultivation time and the Juglans of the present invention of Juglans (grafting) of anvil, because it is 1 year that stock is cultivated, causing Juglans (grafting) is biennial seedling seedling in age, and because it is longer to move the grow seedlings rootstock seedling growth time cultivated of anvil, its rootstock seedling is older, its Juglans outplanting rate greatly reduces although cause stock grafting mouth position to improve, the investigation of Juglans outplanting rate sees table 2 for details, and average outplanting rate reaches 51.7%.The average outplanting rate of the Juglans that the present invention cultivates has improved 65.8%(namely than this contrast
).
Embodiment 1 the inventive method cultivate half a year the anvil Juglans and the contrast Juglans go out the garden investigation and see table 2 for details.
Embodiment 2
The inventive method is established 3 repetitions, and two contrasts are set, two the contrast respectively with embodiment 1(three) identical with (four) described contrast, repeat no more.Implement the place: the gloomy positive forestry industry in Jianshui County, Hani-Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Honghe, Yunnan Province Co., Ltd builds the rice seedling on watered bed base.
The breeding method of present embodiment () the inventive method walnut anvil half a year except the listed measure difference of table 1, all the other methods and embodiment 1(one) breeding method of described walnut anvil half a year of the present invention is identical, repeat no more.
The breeding method of present embodiment (two) anvil Juglans half a year of the present invention is except the stock of rootstock seedling as grafting of cultivating with the described method of present embodiment (), all the other methods and embodiment 1(two) described half a year of the present invention the anvil Juglans breeding method identical, repeat no more.
The rootstock seedling robust growth that present embodiment is cultivated, anosis worm, have no mechanical damage, root system is complete, and fibrous root is many, and the cane diameter of this rootstock seedling reaches 0.5 ㎝～2.0 ㎝, calculate the stem stalk take the stock basal part of stem as starting point long, this stem stalk length has 5cm～7cm, and therefore, grafting mouth position is higher, plant seedlings after the grafting (transplanting) be easy to survive, be the rootstock seedling of high-quality.
The Juglans outplanting rate investigation that present embodiment is cultivated sees table 3 for details, and the average outplanting rate of Juglans that the present invention cultivates reaches 90.3%.
Embodiment 3
The inventive method is established 3 repetitions, and two contrasts are set, two the contrast with embodiment 1 respectively with embodiment 1(three) identical with (four) described contrast, repeat no more.Implement the place: the gloomy positive forestry industry Lan Ping of Co., Ltd in the Nujiang Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province Lan Ping county base of growing seedlings.
The breeding method of (one) the inventive method walnut anvil half a year is except the listed measure difference of table 1 among the embodiment 3, all the other methods and embodiment 1(one) breeding method of described walnut anvil half a year of the present invention is identical, repeats no more.
Among the embodiment 3 (two) half a year of the present invention the anvil Juglans breeding method except the stock of rootstock seedling as grafting of cultivating with the breeding method of embodiment 3 (one) described walnut anvils half a year of the present invention, all the other methods and embodiment 1(two) described half a year of the present invention the anvil Juglans breeding method identical, repeat no more.
The rootstock seedling robust growth that embodiment 3 the present invention cultivate, anosis worm, have no mechanical damage, root system is complete, and fibrous root is many, and the cane diameter of this rootstock seedling reaches 0.5 ㎝～2.0 ㎝, calculate the stem stalk take the stock basal part of stem as starting point long, this stem stalk length has 5cm～7cm, and therefore, grafting mouth position is higher, plant seedlings after the grafting (transplanting) be easy to survive, be the rootstock seedling of high-quality.
The investigation of embodiment 3 Juglans outplanting rates sees table 4 for details, and the average outplanting rate of Juglans that the present invention cultivates reaches 85.5%.
Embodiment 4
The inventive method is established 3 repetitions, and two contrasts are set, and two contrasts are identical with embodiment 1, repeat no more.Implement the place: the gloomy positive forestry industry in Milei County, Hani-Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Honghe, the Yunnan Province Co., Ltd Muller base of growing seedlings.
The breeding method of (one) the inventive method walnut anvil half a year is except the listed measure difference of table 1 among the embodiment 4, all the other methods and embodiment 1(one) breeding method of described walnut anvil half a year of the present invention is identical, repeats no more.
Among the embodiment 4 (two) half a year of the present invention the anvil Juglans breeding method except the stock of rootstock seedling as grafting of cultivating with the breeding method of embodiment 4 (one) described walnut anvils half a year of the present invention, all the other methods and embodiment 1(two) described half a year of the present invention the anvil Juglans breeding method identical, repeat no more.
The rootstock seedling robust growth that embodiment 4 the present invention cultivate, anosis worm, have no mechanical damage, root system is complete, and fibrous root is many, and the cane diameter of this rootstock seedling reaches 0.5 ㎝～2.0 ㎝, calculate the stem stalk take the stock basal part of stem as starting point long, this stem stalk length has 5cm～7cm, and therefore, grafting mouth position is higher, plant seedlings after the grafting (transplanting) be easy to survive, be the rootstock seedling of high-quality.
The Juglans outplanting rate investigation of embodiment 4 sees table 5 for details, and the average outplanting rate of Juglans that the present invention cultivates reaches 89.3%.
Table 2-table 5 shows, the average outplanting rate of the Juglans (grafting) that the inventive method is cultivated is 87.7%, the grow seedlings average outplanting rate of the Juglans (grafting) that (contrast 1) cultivate of bud Xian is 69.9%, and the outplanting rate of the Juglans that the inventive method is cultivated has improved 25.5% than the grow seedlings outplanting rate of Juglans of existing bud anvil
Grow seedlings to compare with existing bud anvil and produced unforeseeable technique effect.Moving the grow seedlings average outplanting rate of the Juglans (grafting) that (contrast 2) cultivate of anvil is 52.4%, and the outplanting rate of the Juglans that the inventive method is cultivated has improved 67.4% than existing the grow seedlings outplanting rate of Juglans of anvil that moves
Grow seedlings to compare and also produced unforeseeable technique effect with the existing anvil that moves.The stock that the inventive method is cultivated has also been grown seedlings the stock time shorten cultivated half (move anvil grow seedlings cultivate stock need 1 year) than the existing anvil that moves, and grows seedlings than existing bud anvil and cultivates stock and reduced cost.
The breeding method embodiment 1-4 difference measure of table 1 walnut of the present invention anvil half a year
Table 2 embodiment 1 the inventive method cultivate half a year the anvil Juglans and the contrast Juglans go out the garden application form
Table 3 embodiment 2 the inventive method cultivate half a year the anvil Juglans and the contrast Juglans go out the garden application form
Table 4 embodiment 3 the inventive method cultivate half a year the anvil Juglans and the contrast Juglans go out the garden application form
Table 5 embodiment 4 the inventive method cultivate half a year the anvil Juglans and the contrast Juglans go out the garden application form
Claims (2)
1. the breeding method of walnut anvil half a year goes out the garden step by seed treatment, sowing, rootstock seedling management and lifting and forms, and each step is as follows:
(1) seed treatment
With the seed of complex peach (J.sigillata Dode) seedling tree seed then as the stock cultivation, full, the anosis worm of this seed seed selection benevolence, without going rotten and ripe, unbaked and without the seed of bleaching, seed is shady do after with 100ppm gibberellin liquid seed soaking 5d～7d;
(2) sowing
Seed after the described seed soaking of step 1 is sown into groundbed October～November in then, described groundbed is after ploughing deeply native 30cm～40cm, makes the high moisture in the soil face of 10cm～15cm, and the spacing in the rows of sowing is 5cm, and line-spacing is 15cm;
(3) rootstock seedling management
Covering with plastic film and build the plastic film shed after planting, the control temperature of shed is 16 ℃～20 ℃ before the seedling true leaf launches, the covering light transmittance is 20%～30% sunshade net on the canopy, soil moisture content is 40%～50%, after the seedling true leaf launches to before Second Year after planting February～March, lifting went out the garden, the control temperature of shed is 15 ℃～25 ℃, the light transmittance of sunshade net is 40%～60%, soil moisture content is 40%～60%, imposes urea 5～10 ㎏ that contain N 〉=46% in mass fraction/666.7m after rootstock seedling all sprouts
2Once, the percentage of soil moisture content is mass fraction;
(4) lifting goes out the garden
After planting dig out seedling for grafting Second Year 2 to March.
One kind half a year the anvil Juglans breeding method, comprise that grafting, transplanting, bud picking, solution are tied up, moisture control, fertilising, weeding, the extermination of disease and insect pest and go out the garden, it is characterized in that: described grafting is that walnut anvil half a year of cultivating with the breeding method of walnut claimed in claim 1 stock half a year February～March is that stock carries out grafting according to a conventional method.
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| CN 201210534991 CN103004415A (en) | 2012-12-12 | 2012-12-12 | Semi-annual walnut stock and cultivating method of semi-annual stock walnut seedlings |
| CN2013101584956A CN103202171A (en) | 2012-12-12 | 2013-04-30 | Walnut half-a-year stock and breeding method of walnut seedlings by using half-a-year stock |
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| CN 201210534991 CN103004415A (en) | 2012-12-12 | 2012-12-12 | Semi-annual walnut stock and cultivating method of semi-annual stock walnut seedlings |
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| CN103229691A (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2013-08-07 | 云南省林业技术推广总站 | Constructing method for wide-narrow row J.sigillata Dode hard-twig cion cutting orchard |
| CN105594459A (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2016-05-25 | 湖北丰年农业开发有限公司 | A rapid outplanting method for walnut tree seedling culture |
| CN106857147A (en) * | 2017-02-18 | 2017-06-20 | 天长市圣丰生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of height of seedling, the quick cherry method for cultivating seedlings emerged |
| CN107155649A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-09-15 | 广西八桂石漠化核桃产业开发有限公司 | Walnut bud asexual rapid propagation method |
| CN109924059A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-06-25 | 四川省林业科学研究院 | A kind of annual walnut rhizome engrafting method |
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| CN103636449B (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2015-04-08 | 四川农业大学 | Efficient walnut seedling breeding system |
| CN105432394A (en) * | 2014-09-25 | 2016-03-30 | 自贡市世聪杂交辣椒研究所 | Rapid fruit-bearing cultivation method for walnut tree |
| CN105393866A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2016-03-16 | 靳登山 | Planting method for thin-shelled walnut |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| SU1471984A1 (en) * | 1985-03-26 | 1989-04-15 | Кавказский Филиал Всесоюзного Научно-Исследовательского Института Лесоводства И Механизации Лесного Хозяйства | Method of selecting nut tree grafts |
| RU2012190C1 (en) * | 1991-05-29 | 1994-05-15 | Витковский Всеволод Леонидович | Method for production of persian walnut seedlings |
| CN1299562C (en) * | 2002-09-09 | 2007-02-14 | 樊金拴 | Quick reproducing method for improved walnut seeds |
| CN101142884B (en) * | 2007-05-16 | 2010-05-26 | 浙江林学院 | Method for cultivating hickory nut stock grafting seedling |
| CN102057851B (en) * | 2010-10-28 | 2012-06-27 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | New technique for culturing apocarya by seeding and grafting in current year |
| CN102144517A (en) * | 2010-12-24 | 2011-08-10 | 郧县清青农林科技有限公司 | Grafting method of superior walnut |
-
2012
- 2012-12-12 CN CN 201210534991 patent/CN103004415A/en active Pending
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- 2013-04-30 CN CN2013101584956A patent/CN103202171A/en active Pending
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| CN103229691A (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2013-08-07 | 云南省林业技术推广总站 | Constructing method for wide-narrow row J.sigillata Dode hard-twig cion cutting orchard |
| CN103229691B (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2014-06-18 | 云南省林业技术推广总站 | Constructing method for wide-narrow row J.sigillata Dode hard-twig cion cutting orchard |
| CN105594459A (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2016-05-25 | 湖北丰年农业开发有限公司 | A rapid outplanting method for walnut tree seedling culture |
| CN106857147A (en) * | 2017-02-18 | 2017-06-20 | 天长市圣丰生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of height of seedling, the quick cherry method for cultivating seedlings emerged |
| CN107155649A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-09-15 | 广西八桂石漠化核桃产业开发有限公司 | Walnut bud asexual rapid propagation method |
| CN109924059A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-06-25 | 四川省林业科学研究院 | A kind of annual walnut rhizome engrafting method |
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