CN103081693A - Cultural method for improving root shoot ratio of tea-oil tree - Google Patents
Cultural method for improving root shoot ratio of tea-oil tree Download PDFInfo
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- CN103081693A CN103081693A CN2013100409502A CN201310040950A CN103081693A CN 103081693 A CN103081693 A CN 103081693A CN 2013100409502 A CN2013100409502 A CN 2013100409502A CN 201310040950 A CN201310040950 A CN 201310040950A CN 103081693 A CN103081693 A CN 103081693A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultural method for improving root shoot ratio of tea-oil tree seedlings. The cultural method for improving root shoot ratio of the tea-oil tree seedlings includes the steps of seed pretreatment, sowing and seedling raising and exercising seedling. The seed pretreatment means seeds are in winter sleep for 20-25 d under the condition of 0-15 DEG C before being sowed. Refrigerated seeds are taken out and placed in a greenhouse for resuscitation and accelerating germination for a week before being sowed. The processed seeds are sowed in a sand bed with thickness of 20-25 cm. Grains of sand used by the sand bed are obtained through rotating sifting to benchland alluvial sand trough a screen. The diameter of the grains of sand is 0.05-1.0 mm. The sowed seeds in the sand bed are divided into 2-3 layers, the upper layer of seeds and the lower layer of seeds are arranged in a stagger mode with layer spacing of 2.0-6.0 mm. Sand bed humidity is kept above 70% after sowing. The tea-oil tree is shifted to a light culture medium for exercising seedling and transplantation after the tea-oil tree germinates and grows 3-5 leaves. The light culture medium which is formed by trichoderma leavening, straw fermentation incomplete objects, peat, loess, grains of sand and animal manure is used for exercising seedling. Due to the fact that the cultural method for improving root shoot ratio of the tea-oil tree seedlings utilizes sand bed seedling, germination rate of the seeds can be improved and pest, disease damage can be reduced and the sand bed seedling is beneficial for the growth of roots. With the light culture medium for exercising seedling, the root shoot ratio of transplanted seedlings can be further improved and rate of survival of the transplanted seedlings can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant growing technology, specifically a kind of cultivation method that improves the oil tea root/shoot ratio.
Background technology
China is the country in a typical Duo Shan, few Plain and basin, landform tilts from West to East, formed the low physical features of Xi Gaodong, cause tropical monsoons to form the trend that weakens gradually from east to west, so rainy water in the southeast, how arid western part is, China's mountain region area accounts for 69% of national mountain region area, the mountainous city accounts for half of national cities and towns sum, the southeast is often because of with heavy rainfall, heavy rain is on the verge of often to have (general name flood), and western because of the few danger signal that damage caused by a drought often occurs of rainwater, both all can cause the loss of great lives and properties.Therefore, along with industrialization, urbanization deeply develops, Gloal Climate Change Impact strengthens, and the situation that China's water conservancy the faces serious challenge that more becomes is more and more urgent to the enhancing ability of preventing and reducing natural disasters, except strengthening hydraulic engineering construction, change the agricultural tillage idea act first, report later, strengthen ecological construction, improve the ecological environment, form the advantage that good harvest is protected in drought and waterlogging, also become very important strategy.
Oil tea is to belong to forestry greening mitigation to protect the important species of receiving.Similar other woody plants of oil tea, adapt to strong, less demanding to soil, all can grow in neutrality, little acid (alkali) property, lime soil, not taking simultaneously the good farmland ploughs, the once visited place is fallen into disuse at river shoal, vast rural area, hillside, cheuch, rand, hills, impact sandy beach etc., and unused vacant lot can be transformed, take full advantage of, and this has all known for many people; In addition; the oil tea plant has also that performance is checked winds and fixed drifting sand, conserves water and soil, improved soil, purifies air, cleaning ambient, regulating the climate changes the effect of ecotope; particularly on environment purification; do not absorb heavy metal (as Pb; mercury etc.), brought into play the effect that the protection human body exempts from heavy metallic poison.Therefore oil tea is for resisting the good seeds of poor environment, solid native retaining, and kind has been got well seeds and can have been achieved many things at one stroke.
Seeds as a kind of native retaining admittedly, protection ecology, greening environment must possess flourishing root system, make the root/shoot ratio of seedling remain on 1.5 left and right, and plantation or transplanting could be grown fast, bring into play him to the intrinsic protective effect of ecology.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of cultivation method that improves the oil tea root/shoot ratio; to improve the mountain area greening forest plantation survival rate take oil tea as representative; the protection mountain area ecological balance; containment source water and soil loss; reduce the climbing of river, upstream, stream debris flow centering underwater bed, avoid wreaking havoc because of mountain torrents the rate that takes place frequently of generation.
The present invention realizes that goal of the invention adopts following scheme:
A kind of cultivation method that improves oil tea seedling root/shoot ratio comprises seed pretreatment, seeding and seedling raising, hardening step, and its characteristics are:
Described seed pretreatment refers to that sowing is front with seed hibernation 20-25d under 0-15 ℃ of condition; To refrigerate again seed during sowing and take out one week of recovery vernalization under the greenhouse;
Described seeding and seedling raising refers to broadcast through the seed after above-mentioned processing in the sand bed, and the thickness of described husky bed is 20-25cm, and at the bottom of described husky grains of sand effluent used, silted sandy soil obtains through the screen cloth sub-sieve, and described grains of sand diameter is 0.05-1.0 mm; The son minute layer 2-3 of sowing in husky bed, the levels seed is staggered, and interlayer is every 2.0-6.0mm; After planting keep husky bed humidity more than 70%, change lightweight medium acclimatization and transplants over to when oil tea germinates and grow 3-5 leaf.
Characteristics of the present invention also are: described hardening refers to, changes the oil tea seedling after husky bed cultivation over to lightweight medium culture 6-8 month; Described lightweight nutrient media components is wooden mould fermentation product, the incomplete thing of stalk fermentation, peat, loess, the grains of sand and animal manure; Weight part ratio between each component is wooden mould fermentation product: bagasse: peat: loess: the grains of sand: animal manure=0.5:1:1:2.5:2.5:1.5;
The mould fermentation product of described wood refers to wood mouldly is seeded in solid culture medium in 26-30 ℃, humidity 60-70%, unglazedly obtains after 5-7 days according to the condition bottom fermentation, and described solid culture medium component is by following percentage by weight: the former dried bean noodles material 3% of carbon, haemoglobin 3%, FeSO
40.02%, KH
2PO
40.1%, HPO
40.15%, MgSO
40.2%, water surplus is take solid culture medium humidity 60-70% as the calculating standard; The former powder of described carbon refers to dehydrated potato powder or wheat bran or sweet potato powder;
described lightweight medium prepares as follows: with bagasse and wooden mould fermentation product, peat, after pulverizing, presses loess above-mentioned weight ratio with the mould fermentation product of wood, the incomplete thing of stalk fermentation, peat, loess, the grains of sand and animal manure mix, water drenches sealing and fermenting to the humidity of 70%-80%, turn over layer after one week, in two weeks of sealing and fermenting fermentation again after former fermentation product weight 20% ratio spray water, then open fermentation product, continue again fermentation 7-10 days after former fermentation product weight 20% ratio spray water, after drying particle size do not wait, the lightweight medium that contains organic fertilizer.
Compared with the prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in:
1, Woody plant seed itself is being stored the supply seed embryonic developments such as abundant sugar, fat, protein until to grow into seedling be required nutriment, need not for the nutrition beyond feeding water, only need to ensure Seed germination and required temp. and humidity and the infecting without the harm microorganism of plumule growth.Therefore, to woody plant from seed to the cultivation of transplanting seedling not need to nutritious, microorganism is various, implement under the ventilated soil environment that do not harden, avoid growing seedlings middlely changing because easily suffering from soil-borne disease the soil of growing seedlings every year.The present invention adopts river sand to grow seedlings and compares with traditional soil incubation seedling, and its pluses and minuses are as shown in table 1:
The comparison of growing seedlings of table 1 river sand and soil
2, lightweight medium of the present invention is from different by the rotten fungus quasi-microorganism organic manure that decomposition produces to living beings (as all kinds of straws), but he adopts separation and purification goes out in the timber that rots decomposition of cellulose and the single bacterium colony of lignin, decomposition to the biological species organic matter is only Partial digestion, thereby quality is loose, and air permeability is good.Be conducive to the plant tissue root system development, and suppress the growth of other miscellaneous bacterias in soil, reduce labour, the financial resources waste of land pollution in control crop seedling cultivating process, required transformation when arranging soil property.
3, the mould fermentation product of the present invention's wood is can continue to decompose to the bagasse after fermentation, ensures root air ventilation in growth of seedling, and prevention soil-borne disease bacterium is infected seedling, and the activity of peat for promoting that wood is mould grown for seedlings root and founded good condition.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the oil tea transplanted seedling that cultivation method of the present invention obtains.
Technical solution of the present invention is described further by embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment
1, carbon source powder preparation
After buying the wheat bran drying from market, rear pulverizing is dried in further pulverizing, or sweet potato or peeling potatoes section, and is standby.
2, the preparation of haemoglobin
Estimate from the slaughter house, food market to collect.Every liter of blood is pressed 15% volume washing 3 times with the physiological saline of mass concentration 0.89%, wash rear with siphon or topple over de-etiolation look liquid at every turn, again to the washing after blood in add 10% clean water, after stirring 10min, namely add according to 90%mL blood the acetone 10mL that contains 3% concentrated hydrochloric acid, stir evenly rear standing 30min, the clear liquid that inclines, the sediment oven dry is haemoglobin; Sediment is with the above-mentioned acetone soln washed twice that includes hydrochloric acid, and cleaning solution merges with the clear liquid that inclines, add the CaO that is equivalent to cleaning solution 5% (be proportion be 1 cleaning solution 95%), reclaim acetone, nontoxic CaCl in container with the flowing water decompression distillation
2Throw in acid ground.Haemoglobin also can directly be bought from market and obtain
3, peat: buy from market.
4, loess or reddish yellow soil: gather materials on the spot.
5, the grains of sand: the silt of newly adopting from market or river shoal, lakeshore are got fresh silt, are placed in water light washing in a pan with bamboo dustpan or soft iron silk screen and remove earth and choose the degranulation footpath greater than the rubble of 10 orders (more than diameter 1.5mm), are placed on aseptic drying on the threshing ground.
6, animal manure: farm pig manure or chicken and duck ight soil.
7, the Trichoderma harzianum that wooden mould market is bought or separation and purification goes out in the timber that rots, but it has the characteristics of decomposition of cellulose and lignin.
8, wooden mould fermentation product refers to wood mouldly is seeded in solid culture medium in 26-30 ℃, humidity 60-70%, unglazedly obtains after 5-7 days according to the condition bottom fermentation, and the solid culture medium component is by following percentage by weight (pH all keeps 6.2-6.4%):
Take solid culture medium humidity 60-70% as the calculating standard.
9, lightweight medium: preparation as follows, with bagasse and wooden mould fermentation product, peat, after pulverizing, presses loess above-mentioned weight ratio with the mould fermentation product of wood, the incomplete thing of stalk fermentation, peat, loess, the grains of sand and animal manure mix, water drenches to the humidity of 70%-80% to be built with plastic film cloth, the earth capping of four limits, turn over layer after one week, in covering again Polypropylence Sheet after former fermentation product weight 20% ratio spray water, make it for the condition bottom fermentation of hypoxgia after two weeks, open fermentation product, spray again 20% water, build plastic film cloth, continue fermentation 7-10 days, after drying particle size do not wait, the lightweight medium that contains organic fertilizer.
Embodiment 1
Oil tea seedling cultivation method comprises seed pretreatment, seeding and seedling raising, hardening step;
Wherein the seed pretreatment refers to that sowing is front with seed hibernation 20-25d under 0-15 ℃ of condition, then to its screening, picks residual skin particle, and avoiding going mouldy because of the moisture absorption affects germination rate, affects other seeds; To refrigerate again seed during sowing and take out one week of recovery vernalization under the greenhouse; And to seed through 0.1%HgCl3 lixiviate sterilization in 5 minutes.
Seeding and seedling raising refer to will broadcast through the seed after above-mentioned processing in husky bed, the thickness of husky bed is 20-25cm, husky bed grains of sand effluent beach silted sandy soil used obtains through the screen cloth sub-sieve, grains of sand diameter is 0.05-1.0 mm; The son minute layer 2-3 of sowing in husky bed, the levels seed is staggered, and interlayer is every 2.0-6.0mm; After planting keep husky bed humidity more than 70%, namely hand is pinched the energy balling-up, looses one's grip namely loose; Change lightweight medium acclimatization and transplants over to when oil tea germinates and grow 3-5 leaf; This step seed germination rate reaches more than 83%, more solito soil broadcasting method is processed seed germination rate is the highest only has 75%, and the part seed infection mould.
Hardening refers to, changes the oil tea seedling after husky bed cultivation over to lightweight medium culture 6-8 and can transplant in individual month; Described lightweight nutrient media components is wooden mould fermentation product, the incomplete thing of stalk fermentation, peat, loess, the grains of sand and animal manure; Weight part ratio between each component is wooden mould fermentation product: bagasse: peat: loess: the grains of sand: animal manure=0.5:1:1:2.5:2.5:1.5;
Hardening is selected wind sheltering, on the sunny side, and easily draining, higher than the level land more than riverbed 1m, smooth a little, pick up the above chad of 0.5cm, spread the lightweight medium, the black gobo of 85% light transmittance is hidden on the support on seedling ground, support adopts weedtree, bamboo pole, and to cast 2.0-2.5m high if having ready conditions, diameter 8cm inner clip 6# iron wire cement pylon it, lay general water spray galvanized iron conduit at support or ground, convenient watering or liquid fertilizer need for growth of seedling.Then 3-4 leaf seedling or grafting survival seedling are moved into this place, hardening 6-8 month, can cultivate into the transplanted seedling (vegetative period of existing common native broadcasting method cultivation identical oil tea seedling root/shoot ratio lower than 1.2) of the well developed root system of root/shoot ratio (referring to the ratio of foot end and the fresh weight of acrial part) more than or equal to 1.5, the lightweight culturing gene contains wooden mould solid fermentation thing, both can anti-soil-borne disease, also to the sterilization of oil tea seedling; After such transplantation of seedlings, survival rate reaches more than 93% that (its survival rate of oil tea of existing common native broadcast mode cultivation is up to 75%, part is affected by damage by disease and insect to only have the survival rate of 35-45%) every sale 100,000 strain transplanted seedlings, as national camellia seedling Demonstration Base, because improving, the survival rate of seedling can increase the income of 10.63 ten thousand yuan in national oil tea seedling matter demonstration on-the-spot meeting.
Claims (2)
1. a cultivation method that improves oil tea seedling root/shoot ratio, comprise seed pretreatment, seeding and seedling raising, hardening step, it is characterized in that:
Described seed pretreatment refers to that sowing is front with seed hibernation 20-25d under 0-15 ℃ of condition; To refrigerate again seed during sowing and take out one week of recovery vernalization under the greenhouse;
Described seeding and seedling raising refers to broadcast through the seed after above-mentioned processing in the sand bed, and the thickness of described husky bed is 20-25cm, and at the bottom of described husky grains of sand effluent used, silted sandy soil obtains through the screen cloth sub-sieve, and described grains of sand diameter is 0.05-1.0 mm; The son minute layer 2-3 of sowing in husky bed, the levels seed is staggered, and interlayer is every 2.0-6.0mm; After planting keep husky bed humidity more than 70%, change lightweight medium acclimatization and transplants over to when oil tea germinates and grow 3-5 leaf.
2. a kind of cultivation method that improves oil tea seedling root/shoot ratio according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described hardening refers to, changes the oil tea seedling after husky bed cultivation over to lightweight medium culture 6-8 month; Described lightweight nutrient media components is wooden mould fermentation product, the incomplete thing of stalk fermentation, peat, loess, the grains of sand and animal manure; Weight part ratio between each component is wooden mould fermentation product: bagasse: peat: loess: the grains of sand: animal manure=0.5:1:1:2.5:2.5:1.5;
The mould fermentation product of described wood refers to wood mouldly is seeded in solid culture medium in 26-30 ℃, humidity 60-70%, unglazedly obtains after 5-7 days according to the condition bottom fermentation, and described solid culture medium component is by following percentage by weight: the former dried bean noodles material 3% of carbon, haemoglobin 3%, FeSO
40.02%, KH
2PO
40.1%, HPO
40.15%, MgSO
40.2%, water surplus is take solid culture medium humidity 60-70% as the calculating standard; The former powder of described carbon refers to dehydrated potato powder or wheat bran or sweet potato powder;
described lightweight medium prepares as follows: with bagasse and wooden mould fermentation product, peat, after pulverizing, presses loess above-mentioned weight ratio with the mould fermentation product of wood, the incomplete thing of stalk fermentation, peat, loess, the grains of sand and animal manure mix, water drenches sealing and fermenting to the humidity of 70%-80%, turn over layer after one week, in two weeks of sealing and fermenting fermentation again after former fermentation product weight 20% ratio spray water, then open fermentation product, continue again fermentation 7-10 days after former fermentation product weight 20% ratio spray water, after drying particle size do not wait, the lightweight medium that contains organic fertilizer.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103641600A (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2014-03-19 | 贵港市科隆农林高新技术开发有限公司 | Agilawood cultivation medium and preparation method thereof |
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| CN101637093A (en) * | 2009-08-26 | 2010-02-03 | 安徽农业大学 | Method for improving germination and survival rate of sasanqua seed |
| CN102715021A (en) * | 2012-07-10 | 2012-10-10 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Sasanqua root stock thickening cultivation method |
| CN102726217A (en) * | 2012-06-06 | 2012-10-17 | 安徽德昌苗木有限公司 | Container seedling raising method for camellia oleifera bud-stock grafting |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101637093A (en) * | 2009-08-26 | 2010-02-03 | 安徽农业大学 | Method for improving germination and survival rate of sasanqua seed |
| CN102726217A (en) * | 2012-06-06 | 2012-10-17 | 安徽德昌苗木有限公司 | Container seedling raising method for camellia oleifera bud-stock grafting |
| CN102715021A (en) * | 2012-07-10 | 2012-10-10 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Sasanqua root stock thickening cultivation method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 郑 少华: "不同育苗方式对油茶出苗率和苗木质量的影响", 《山东林业科技》, no. 1, 31 January 2012 (2012-01-31), pages 18 - 21 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103641600A (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2014-03-19 | 贵港市科隆农林高新技术开发有限公司 | Agilawood cultivation medium and preparation method thereof |
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