CN103081693B - Cultural method for improving root shoot ratio of tea-oil tree - Google Patents
Cultural method for improving root shoot ratio of tea-oil tree Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultural method for improving root shoot ratio of tea-oil tree seedlings. The cultural method for improving root shoot ratio of the tea-oil tree seedlings includes the steps of seed pretreatment, sowing and seedling raising and exercising seedling. The seed pretreatment means seeds are in winter sleep for 20-25 d under the condition of 0-15 DEG C before being sowed. Refrigerated seeds are taken out and placed in a greenhouse for resuscitation and accelerating germination for a week before being sowed. The processed seeds are sowed in a sand bed with thickness of 20-25 cm. Grains of sand used by the sand bed are obtained through rotating sifting to benchland alluvial sand trough a screen. The diameter of the grains of sand is 0.05-1.0 mm. The sowed seeds in the sand bed are divided into 2-3 layers, the upper layer of seeds and the lower layer of seeds are arranged in a stagger mode with layer spacing of 2.0-6.0 mm. Sand bed humidity is kept above 70% after sowing. The tea-oil tree is shifted to a light culture medium for exercising seedling and transplantation after the tea-oil tree germinates and grows 3-5 leaves. The light culture medium which is formed by trichoderma leavening, straw fermentation incomplete objects, peat, loess, grains of sand and animal manure is used for exercising seedling. Due to the fact that the cultural method for improving root shoot ratio of the tea-oil tree seedlings utilizes sand bed seedling, germination rate of the seeds can be improved and pest, disease damage can be reduced and the sand bed seedling is beneficial for the growth of roots. With the light culture medium for exercising seedling, the root shoot ratio of transplanted seedlings can be further improved and rate of survival of the transplanted seedlings can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant growing technology, specifically a kind of cultivation method that improves oil tea root/shoot ratio.
Background technology
China is the country in a typical Duo Shan, few Plain and basin, landform tilts from West to East, formed the low physical features of Xi Gaodong, cause tropical monsoons to form the trend weakening gradually from east to west, therefore the rainy water in the southeast, how arid western part is, China's mountain region area accounts for 69% of national mountain region area, mountainous city accounts for the half of national cities and towns sum, the southeast is often because of with heavy rainfall, heavy rain is on the verge of often to have (general name flood), and western because of the few danger signal that damage caused by a drought often occurs of rainwater, the two all can cause the loss of great lives and properties.Therefore, along with industrialization, urbanization deeply develops, Gloal Climate Change Impact strengthens, and the situation that China's water conservancy the faces serious challenge that more becomes is more and more urgent to strengthening the ability of preventing and reducing natural disasters, except strengthening hydraulic engineering construction, change act first, report later agricultural tillage idea, strengthen ecological construction, improve the ecological environment, form drought and waterlogging protect good harvest advantage, also become very important strategy.
Oil tea is to belong to forestry greening mitigation to protect the important species of receiving.Similar other woody plants of oil tea, adapt to strong, less demanding to soil, in neutrality, micro-acid (alkali) property, lime soil, all can grow, do not take good farmland ploughs simultaneously, once visited place is fallen into disuse at river shoal, vast rural area, hillside, cheuch, rand, hills, impact sandy beach etc., and unused vacant lot can be transformed, make full use of, and this has all known for many people; In addition; oil tea plant also has that performance is checked winds and fixed drifting sand, conserves water and soil, improved soil, purifies air, cleaning ambient, regulating the climate changes the effect of ecotope; particularly on environment purification; do not absorb heavy metal (as Pb; mercury etc.), brought into play and protected human body to exempt from the effect of heavy metallic poison.Therefore oil tea is the good seeds of resisting poor environment, solid native retaining, and kind has been got well seeds and can have been achieved many things at one stroke.
As the seeds of a kind of solid native retaining, protection ecology, greening environment, must possess flourishing root system, make the root/shoot ratio of seedling remain on 1.5 left and right, plantation or transplanting could be grown fast, bring into play his the intrinsic protective effect to ecology.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of cultivation method that improves oil tea root/shoot ratio; to improve the mountain area greening forest plantation survival rate take oil tea as representative; the protection mountain area ecological balance; containment source water and soil loss; reduce the climbing of river, upstream, stream debris flow centering underwater bed, avoid wreaking havoc because of mountain torrents the rate that takes place frequently of generation.
The present invention realizes goal of the invention and adopts following scheme:
Improve a cultivation method for oil tea seedling root/shoot ratio, comprise seed pretreatment, seeding and seedling raising, hardening step, its feature is:
Described seed pretreatment refers to that sowing is front by seed hibernation 20-25d under 0-15 ℃ of condition; During sowing, will refrigerate again seed and take out under greenhouse recovery vernalization one week;
Described seeding and seedling raising refers to will be broadcast through above-mentioned seed after treatment in sand bed, and the thickness of described husky bed is 20-25cm, and at the bottom of described husky grains of sand effluent used, silted sandy soil obtains through screen cloth sub-sieve, and described grains of sand diameter is 0.05-1.0 mm; The son point layer 2-3 of sowing in husky bed, levels seed is staggered, and interlayer is every 2.0-6.0mm; After planting keep husky bed humidity more than 70%, when oil tea germinates and grow 3-5 leaf, proceed to lightweight medium acclimatization and transplants.
Feature of the present invention is also: described hardening refers to, the oil tea seedling after husky bed cultivation is proceeded to lightweight medium culture 6-8 month; Described lightweight nutrient media components is wooden mould fermentation product, the incomplete thing of stalk fermentation, peat, loess, the grains of sand and animal manure; Weight part ratio between each component is wooden mould fermentation product: bagasse: peat: loess: the grains of sand: animal manure=0.5:1:1:2.5:2.5:1.5;
The mould fermentation product of described wood refers to and will mouldly wood be seeded in solid culture medium in 26-30 ℃, humidity 60-70%, without illumination condition bottom fermentation, after 5-7 days, obtain, and described solid culture medium component is by following percentage by weight: the former dried bean noodles material 3% of carbon, haemoglobin 3%, FeSO
40.02%, KH
2pO
40.1%, HPO
40.15%, MgSO
40.2%, water surplus, take solid culture medium humidity 60-70% as calculating standard; The former powder of described carbon refers to dehydrated potato powder or wheat bran or sweet potato powder;
Described lightweight medium is prepared as follows: by bagasse and wooden mould fermentation product, peat, loess is pressed above-mentioned weight ratio by mould wood fermentation product after pulverizing, the incomplete thing of stalk fermentation, peat, loess, the grains of sand and animal manure mix, water drenches to sealing and fermenting after the humidity of 70%-80%, after one week, turn over layer, in after former fermentation product weight 20% ratio spray water again sealing and fermenting ferment two weeks, then open fermentation product, after former fermentation product weight 20% ratio spray water, continue again fermentation 7-10 days, after drying particle size not etc., containing the lightweight medium of organic manure.
Compared with the prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in:
1, Woody plant seed itself is being stored the supply seed embryonic developments such as abundant sugar, fat, protein until to grow into seedling be required nutriment, without the nutrition supplying beyond feedwater, only need the sprouting of guarantee seed and plumule to grow required temp. and humidity and infecting without harm microorganism.Therefore, to woody plant from seed to the cultivation of transplanting seedling not need to nutritious, microorganism is various, implement the ventilated soil environment that do not harden, avoid growing seedlings middlely because easily suffering from soil-borne disease, changing the soil of growing seedlings every year.The present invention adopts river sand to grow seedlings compared with traditional soil incubation seedling, and its pluses and minuses are as shown in table 1:
The comparison of growing seedlings of table 1 river sand and soil
2, lightweight medium of the present invention is different from the organic manure that living beings (as all kinds of straws) is decomposed to generation by rotten fungus quasi-microorganism, he be adopt that separation and purification goes out from rotting timber can decomposition of cellulose and the single bacterium colony of lignin, to the decomposition of biological species organic matter, it is only Partial digestion, thereby quality is loose, air permeability is good.Be conducive to plant tissue root system development, and suppress the growth of other miscellaneous bacterias in soil, the labour of required transformation, financial resources waste while reducing land pollution in control crop seedling cultivating process, arrangement soil property.
3, the mould fermentation product of the present invention's wood is the bagasse after fermentation can continue to decompose, and ensures root air ventilation in growth of seedling, and prevention soil-borne disease bacterium is infected seedling, and peat is the activity that promotes that wood is mould, for seedlings root, grows and foundes good condition.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the oil tea transplanted seedling that cultivation method of the present invention obtains.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, by embodiment, technical solution of the present invention is described further.
Embodiment
1, carbon source powder preparation
From market buy wheat bran dry, further pulverize, or sweet potato or peeling potatoes section dry rear pulverizing, standby.
2, the preparation of haemoglobin
From slaughter house, food market, estimate to collect.Every liter of blood washs 3 times by 15% volume with the physiological saline of mass concentration 0.89%, wash rear with siphon or topple over yellow liquid at every turn, again to washing after blood in add 10% clean water, stir after 10min, according to 90%mL blood, add the acetone 10mL containing 3% concentrated hydrochloric acid, stir evenly rear standing 30min, the clear liquid that inclines, sediment is dried and is haemoglobin; The above-mentioned acetone soln washed twice that includes hydrochloric acid for sediment, cleaning solution merges with the clear liquid that inclines, add be equivalent to cleaning solution 5% CaO (be proportion be 1 cleaning solution 95%), reclaim acetone, nontoxic CaCl in container with flowing water decompression distillation
2throw in acid ground.Haemoglobin also can directly be bought and obtain from market
3, peat: buy from market.
4, loess or reddish yellow soil: gather materials on the spot.
5, the grains of sand: the silt of newly adopting from market or river shoal, lakeshore are got fresh silt, are placed on light washing in a pan in water with bamboo dustpan or soft iron silk screen and remove earth and choose the rubble that degranulation footpath is greater than 10 orders (more than diameter 1.5mm), are placed on aseptic drying on threshing ground.
6, animal manure: farm pig manure or chicken and duck ight soil.
7, the Trichoderma harzianum that wooden mould market is bought or separation and purification goes out from the timber that rots, it has can decomposition of cellulose and the feature of lignin.
8, wooden mould fermentation product refers to and will mouldly wood be seeded in solid culture medium in 26-30 ℃, humidity 60-70%, without illumination condition bottom fermentation, after 5-7 days, obtain, and solid culture medium component is by following percentage by weight (pH all keeps 6.2-6.4%):
Take solid culture medium humidity 60-70% as calculating standard.
9, lightweight medium: preparation as follows, by bagasse and wooden mould fermentation product, peat, loess is pressed above-mentioned weight ratio by mould wood fermentation product after pulverizing, the incomplete thing of stalk fermentation, peat, loess, the grains of sand and animal manure mix, water drenches to the humidity plastic film cloth of 70%-80% to be built, the earth capping of four limits, after one week, turn over layer, in covering again Polypropylence Sheet after former fermentation product weight 20% ratio spray water, make it supply the condition bottom fermentation of hypoxgia after two weeks, open fermentation product, spray again 20% water, build plastic film cloth, continue fermentation 7-10 days, after drying particle size not etc., containing the lightweight medium of organic manure.
Embodiment 1
Oil tea seedling cultivation method, comprises seed pretreatment, seeding and seedling raising, hardening step;
Wherein seed pretreatment refers to that sowing is front by seed hibernation 20-25d under 0-15 ℃ of condition, then to its screening, picks residual skin particle, avoids going mouldy and affecting germination rate because of the moisture absorption, affects other seeds; During sowing, will refrigerate again seed and take out under greenhouse recovery vernalization one week; And to seed through 0.1%HgCl3 lixiviate sterilization in 5 minutes.
Seeding and seedling raising refers to will be broadcast through above-mentioned seed after treatment in husky bed, and the thickness of husky bed is 20-25cm, and sand bed grains of sand effluent beach silted sandy soil used obtains through screen cloth sub-sieve, and grains of sand diameter is 0.05-1.0 mm; The son point layer 2-3 of sowing in husky bed, levels seed is staggered, and interlayer is every 2.0-6.0mm; After planting keep husky bed humidity more than 70%, hand is pinched energy balling-up, looses one's grip loose; When oil tea germinates and grow 3-5 leaf, proceed to lightweight medium acclimatization and transplants; This step seed germination rate reaches more than 83%, more solito soil broadcasting method is processed to seed germination rate is the highest only has 75%, and part seed infection mould.
Hardening refers to, the oil tea seedling after husky bed cultivation is proceeded to lightweight medium culture 6-8 and within individual month, can transplant; Described lightweight nutrient media components is wooden mould fermentation product, the incomplete thing of stalk fermentation, peat, loess, the grains of sand and animal manure; Weight part ratio between each component is wooden mould fermentation product: bagasse: peat: loess: the grains of sand: animal manure=0.5:1:1:2.5:2.5:1.5;
Hardening is selected wind sheltering, on the sunny side, and easily draining, higher than level land more than riverbed 1m, smooth a little, pick up chad more than 0.5cm, spread lightweight medium, the black gobo of 85% light transmittance is hidden on the support on seedling ground, support adopts weedtree, bamboo pole, casts 2.0-2.5m high if having ready conditions, diameter 8cm inner clip 6# iron wire cement pylon it, at support or ground, lay general water spray galvanized iron conduit, convenient watering or liquid fertilizer need for growth of seedling.Then 3-4 leaf seedling or grafting survival seedling are moved into this place, hardening 6-8 month, can cultivate into the transplanted seedling that root/shoot ratio (referring to the ratio of foot end and the fresh weight of acrial part) is more than or equal to 1.5 well developed root system (vegetative period of existing common native broadcasting method cultivation identical oil tea seedling root/shoot ratio lower than 1.2), lightweight culturing gene is containing wooden mould solid fermentation thing, both can anti-soil-borne disease, also to the sterilization of oil tea seedling; After such transplantation of seedlings, survival rate reaches more than 93% that (its survival rate of oil tea of existing common native broadcast mode cultivation is up to 75%, part is affected by damage by disease and insect to only have the survival rate of 35-45%) every sale 100,000 strain transplanted seedlings, in national oil tea seedling matter demonstration on-the-spot meeting as national camellia seedling Demonstration Base, because the survival rate of seedling improves the income that can increase by 10.63 ten thousand yuan.
Claims (1)
1. improve a cultivation method for oil tea seedling root/shoot ratio, comprise seed pretreatment, seeding and seedling raising, hardening step, it is characterized in that:
Described seed pretreatment refers to that sowing is front by seed hibernation 20-25d under 0-15 ℃ of condition; During sowing, will refrigerate again seed and take out under greenhouse recovery vernalization one week;
Described seeding and seedling raising refers to will be broadcast through above-mentioned seed after treatment in sand bed, and the thickness of described husky bed is 20-25cm, and at the bottom of described husky grains of sand effluent used, silted sandy soil obtains through screen cloth sub-sieve, and described grains of sand diameter is 0.05-1.0mm; The son point layer 2-3 of sowing in husky bed, levels seed is staggered, and interlayer is every 2.0-6.0mm; After planting keep husky bed humidity more than 70%, when oil tea germinates and grow 3-5 leaf, proceed to lightweight medium acclimatization and transplants;
Described hardening refers to, the oil tea seedling after husky bed cultivation is proceeded to lightweight medium culture 6-8 month; Described lightweight nutrient media components is wooden mould fermentation product, bagasse, peat, loess, the grains of sand and animal manure; Weight part ratio between each component is wooden mould fermentation product: bagasse: peat: loess: the grains of sand: animal manure=0.5:1:1:2.5:2.5:1.5;
The mould fermentation product of described wood refers to and will mouldly wood be seeded in solid culture medium in 26-30 ℃, humidity 60-70%, without illumination condition bottom fermentation, after 5-7 days, obtain, and described solid culture medium component is by following percentage by weight: the former dried bean noodles material 3% of carbon, haemoglobin 3%, FeSO
40.02%, KH
2pO
40.1%, K
2hPO
40.15%, MgSO
40.2%, water surplus, take solid culture medium humidity 60-70% as calculating standard; The former dried bean noodles material of described carbon refers to dehydrated potato powder or wheat bran or sweet potato powder;
Described lightweight medium is prepared as follows: after bagasse and wooden mould fermentation product, peat, loess are pulverized by above-mentioned weight ratio by mould wood fermentation product, bagasse, peat, loess, the grains of sand and animal manure mixing, water drenches to sealing and fermenting after the humidity of 70%-80%, after one week, turn over layer, in sealing and fermenting two weeks again after former fermentation product weight 20% ratio spray water, then open fermentation product, after former fermentation product weight 20% ratio spray water, continue again fermentation 7-10 days, after drying particle size not etc., containing the lightweight medium of organic manure.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101637093A (en) * | 2009-08-26 | 2010-02-03 | 安徽农业大学 | Method for improving germination and survival rate of sasanqua seed |
| CN102715021A (en) * | 2012-07-10 | 2012-10-10 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Sasanqua root stock thickening cultivation method |
| CN102726217A (en) * | 2012-06-06 | 2012-10-17 | 安徽德昌苗木有限公司 | Container seedling raising method for camellia oleifera bud-stock grafting |
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2013
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101637093A (en) * | 2009-08-26 | 2010-02-03 | 安徽农业大学 | Method for improving germination and survival rate of sasanqua seed |
| CN102726217A (en) * | 2012-06-06 | 2012-10-17 | 安徽德昌苗木有限公司 | Container seedling raising method for camellia oleifera bud-stock grafting |
| CN102715021A (en) * | 2012-07-10 | 2012-10-10 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Sasanqua root stock thickening cultivation method |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 不同育苗方式对油茶出苗率和苗木质量的影响;郑 少华;《山东林业科技》;20120131(第1期);第18-21页 * |
| 郑 少华.不同育苗方式对油茶出苗率和苗木质量的影响.《山东林业科技》.2012,(第1期),第18-21页. |
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