CN104221725A - Cultivation method for big and strong oil-tea camellia grafting seedlings - Google Patents

Abstract

A cultivation method for big and strong oil-tea camellia grafting seedlings includes steps of good-quality and high-yield spike seedling grafting, planting, greenhouse cultivation and container nutrition bag seeding thin planting transplanting, and large farmland cultivation. The cultivation method is characterized in that the oil-tea camellia grafting seedlings are cultivated in a greenhouse with container nutrition bags for 5-6 months; the grafting seedlings are transferred to a large nursery farmland for uniform thin planting together with the container nutrition bags wrapped at roots, capacity for each mu is about 40 thousand grafting seedlings, and the grafting seedlings are cultivated for no less than 12 months and then are carried out of the large nursery farmland for forestation together with the container bags degraded incompletely. The cultivation method integrates advantages of bare-rooted seedling cultivation and container seedling cultivation, and solves the problems that for many years, oil-tea camellia bare-rooted seedling forestation is low in survival rate, and container seedlings higher in survival rate are not strong and grow slowly after getting out of the large nursery farmland.

Description

A kind of oil tea grafting seedlings strong seedling cultivation method

Technical field

The present invention relates to forest seedling culture field, i.e. a kind of oil tea grafting seedlings strong seedling cultivation method.

Background technology

Oil tea (formal name used at school Camellia oleifera Abel) is the important fruit forest zones of China southern, and its grease is one of best in the world four strains.Its oil colours delicate fragrance, is of high nutritive value, and has preventive effect to the disease such as cardiovascular.Its shell can be used as the raw materials of industry such as theophylline, tannin extract, furfural, saponin, and tea cake can extract Tea Saponin for pharmaceutical; The by products such as oil-tea camellia husks can prevent and treat plant pest as biopesticide.The tea oil tree florescence is longer, is the nectar source tree of preciousness in winter.Oil tea is barren-resistant, strong adaptability, is the Quality and economy woods seeds of green barren hill, water and soil conservation.

Applicant in this case is positioned at middle western part of Anhui Province, be located in south, Dabie Mountain edge, belong to north subtropical warm and moist monsoon climatic region, average annual temperature about 15 DEG C, about 220 days frost-free seasons, average annual rainfall is about 1300mm, and landform is the mild area between hills, and soil is the gravelly loam of granite based differentiation, the thick 30-60cm of soil layer, middle fertility is on the lower side, and pH value is between 4.5-6.5, and oil tea has huge development potentiality as a kind of outstanding commodity trees in this area.

Economic fruit growth momentum in the agricultural restructuring of Chinese Mountain Areas is swift and violent in recent years, and camellia oleifera lam is very large in Popularization And Development space, the Chinese middle and south.Anhui Province's camellia oleiferaindustry pace of construction at such as applicant in this case place is obviously accelerated, and has been formed from camellia seedling, has promoted demonstration, low production forest improvement, to the complete industrial chain of tea oil processing sell.The basis that camellia oleiferaindustry develops rapidly is the construction of large area oil tea fast-growing andhigh-yeilding trees, and is avoid occurring new oil tea low production forest, and the demand of market to oil tea breeding strong sprout is very urgent.

Current, oil tea seedling culture method is divided into two classes: 1, oil tea container graft seedling growth.The advantage of the method is that moisturizing situation is good, root system is complete, significantly saves nursery lot, and management is concentrated, after lifting, the resting period is longer, be suitable for afforestation of transporting for long-distance, facilitate Raining season wooding and after-culture, survival rate significantly improves, because its seedling density is large, non-woven fabrics bottomless container bag seepage is fast, and be unfavorable for water, fertile management, negative effect the cultivation in oil tea grafting seedlings strong sprout.2, oil tea grafting naked nursery.The method is extended naturally by traditional seedling raising manners, and nursery link is simple, and technology is easily grasped, seedling cost is low, and water and fertilizer management is convenient, can cultivate seedlings strong sprouts, but in the scale of grafting is cultivated, because oil tea seedling is large as four seasons evergreen species evaporation discharge, the strong or weak entirety of grafting is extremely uneven, and weak seedling ratio is quite large, and seedling root directly contacts loam, not easily realize " balled transplanting " when going out garden, survival rate is obviously lower, and dead seedling position needs secondary to reseed.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to provide a kind of oil tea grafting seedlings strong seedling cultivation method, to obtain not only large but also strong nursery stock, reliably improves oil tea seedling planting survival rate after garden and has characteristic of growing up better.

The technical scheme that the present invention achieves the goal is as follows: a kind of oil tea grafting seedlings strong seedling cultivation method, comprise the grafting of good quality and high output fringe seedling, container seedling planted, container bag seedling booth cultivate, container seedling thin planting transplant, container seedling land for growing field crops incubation step, its feature is:

1. oil tea grafting adopts container bag nursery in booth, cultivates duration 5-6 month;

2. by above-mentioned grafting, move to ground, garden, land for growing field crops thin planting together with the container bag being still wrapped in its root, cultivate after duration is no less than 12 months and go out garden.

Above-mentioned grafting is 10 × 12cm at the seeding row spacing of ground, garden, land for growing field crops thin planting, mu capacity about 40,000 strain.

Good effect of the present invention: in the booth being convenient to artificial strict control and control, the implanted container bag filling with Nutrition Soil of oil tea seedling of first grafting, the Nutrition Soil of accurate configuration can ensure that the grafting seedling initial stage that nutrient consumption amount is still little survives and growth demand, after the cultivation time reaches 5-6 month, the ground level of container seedling can reach about 10cm.After container seedling moves to land for growing field crops thin planting, comprehensive water, fertile control measures fully meet the growth demand of this period of grafting, under completely outdoor environment, grafting has also progressively possessed the complete adaptive capacity to physioclimate, through being no less than the cultivation of 12 months, related not yet degradable container bag goes out garden, still has quite desirable survival rate and good rear growth characteristic under the prerequisite that need meet long-distance transportation.Seedling-cultivating method of the present invention integrates the advantage of naked nursery and container nursery, effectively scale can cultivate oil tea grafting seedlings strong sprouts, solve preferably low and survival rate the is higher container seedling of the oil tea exposed root and shoot forestation survival rate existed for many years grow not, go out garden after the slower intractable problem of regrowth.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is that 2 years oil generation tea Engraftment seedlings that cultivating method of the present invention is produced go out picture shortly before garden.

Embodiment

The enforcement of oil tea grafting seedlings strong seedling cultivation method of the present invention can be divided into following steps:

1, the grafting of high-quality oil tea seedling.General in the first tenday period of a month in May to late June, treat that Seed of Camellia oleifera plumule stock grows to 3-4cm, get raw fringe bar then and enter semi-lignified state and start grafting.Specific practice is: the fringe bar having full axillary-bud or top-bud choosing fine quality, makes 1 bud 1 leaf scion.Above sprout stock cotyledon, 2-2.5cm place cuts off plumular axis, and along the downward rip cutting 1.3-1.5cm of plumular axis center line, it is long that radicle retains 5-6cm, excises unnecessary radicle part.Otch is inserted in scion, bevel and the stock tangent plane of General Requirements scion are in the same size, if inconsistent, then need to make anvil fringe form the alignment of layer side, and scion bottom and stock kerf bottom are close to, then wrap up in firm scion and stock junction with the thin aluminum top of long 0.9cm × 3.8cm.

2, the planting of container seedling.1. load in the container bag of non-woven fabrics by formula nutritional soil, implant in Nutrition Soil by the seedling of " combination " formula grafted, note the Nutrition Soil of seedling root in container band to be compressed, grafting mouth is exposed on Nutrition Soil.2. sun-proof net covers at the large shed top surface of steelframe and puts on a suit of armour at its periphery, the nursery lot under smooth steelframe booth, and the container bag being loaded with grafting is put into booth seedbed in time, seeding row spacing 6 × 6cm, about every mu of about 140,000 strains, container bag surrounding fine earth is filled.Little arch cover is propped up with bamboo plate in seedbed after placing grafting container seedling, and bamboo length of bow is about 2m, and interval 0.5m, puts up film, forms film arch cover, and film lands the tight moisturizing of place's soil pressure.

3, the management of booth container seedling.1. except shady and weeding.To carry out with weeding except shady in good time.40-45 days after planting, start, except the coppice shoot on sprout stock, to remove weeds in time, pull out seedling, every 20 days, weeding combined except sprouting 1 time, except the work of sprouting will last till September.Weeding must not hinder the bud of oil tea shoot root and scion.2. temperature and moisture management.Grafting bud seedling is planted in latter 45 days, and with film canopy cover, in canopy, relative moisture remains on more than 85%, and the globule appears in film, and reach capacity state.In 20 days after grafting, temperature of shed controls, below 40 degree, to be advisable with 30-35 degree; 20-45 days after grafting, canopy case temperature 30-38 degree is advisable.Supply water and adopt sprinkling irrigation mode, irrigate normal root water, after grafting in 45 days, generally do not need moisturizing, as in particular cases there is lack of water, moisturizing adopts and spills spray mode along film side.And take off the rate of water make-up after film should depending on soil moisture content, find that lack of water should moisturizing in time, unsuitable too urgent when watering, water droplet should not be excessive.Except preemergence herbicidal time, watering time should the morning 10 time before, or in the afternoon 5 time after carry out.3. fertilizing management.After grafting is planted 60 days, a small amount of fertilizer can be imposed when tender shoots grows into 3-5cm, the thin person poultry muck that fertilizer can be crossed by retting, or the chemical nitrogen fertilizer water of concentration 0.2%, topdress and can carry out in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation.The middle and late growth stage suitably more executes phosphorus, potash fertilizer, and controlled concentration, between 0.5%-1.0%, executes 1 time in 15 days; After taking off film, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 2-3 time 0.075% can be sprayed in 30 days.4. the extermination of disease and insect pest.Oil tea seedling disease mainly contains soft rot, southern blight, carbon jaundice disease, bordeaux mixture, 75% thiophanate methyl, 800 times of liquid of available 1%, and 5% carbendazim 500-600 times liquid sprays once every two weeks, sprays 2-3 time altogether.Insect pest mainly contains mole cricket, cutworm etc., cutworm 500-800 times of liquid acephatemet solution, between the lights 5 time about spray, control mole cricket with 3% sodium arsenite solution leaching weeds trap and kill, the extermination of disease and insect pest was carried out in 6-8 month.5. take off film and remove shading shed.Take off film to determine according to seedling growth developmental state, film will be taken off in good time and breathe freely, increase oxygen content in canopy, after grafting is planted and survives for 45 days, at dusk opening the ventilation of film two, seedbed, overcast and rainyly film canopy cover all can be removed, to the time in the Autumnal Equinox, the cloudy day is selected to be removed by cool canopy.

4, the land for growing field crops thin planting of container seedling.After grafting container seedling grows to 5-6 month on the seedbed that density is very large, the nutrition of nutritious bag can not meet grafting growth demand.Now seedling is migrated to land for growing field crops, light seeding is cultivated, and generally starts October to transplant then, transplants and terminate by the end of November.Seeding row spacing after transplanting is 10 × 12 centimetres, about every mu of about 40,000 strains.

5, the field management of container seedling.1. lack of water moisturizing time fine, and under manual control to spray mode moisturizing.Rainy day notes draining.2. fertilizing management.Transplant for 2 end of the month, need apply fertilizer March 1 time, fertilizing amount every mu 6kg; Apply fertilizer April 1 time, fertilizing amount every mu 12kg; Apply fertilizer May 1 time, fertilizing amount every mu 18kg; Once, each fertilizing amount every mu about 20kg, until stop fertilising during first half of the month in the beginning of autumn in fertilising in about every 20 days later.In above each fertilising, the Russian composite fertilizer that inventor has selected fertilizer efficiency definite.3. should note above fine day fertilising can with manually spray moisturizing and match or combine.Should weather condition be noted in the selection of above fertilization time, apply fertilizer namely without the need to artificial recharge shortly before light rain, and do not apply fertilizer shortly before heavy rain.

Nursery under the full natural environment of long duration, when after the oil tea seedling of grafting then to October next year, land for growing field crops goes out garden, not yet degradable container bag is still wrapped in the root system grown at first, container bag grows root system after being also extended with abundant prosperity outward, height of seedling generally can reach more than 60cm, see accompanying drawing 1.

The above-mentioned cultivation producting rule containing oil tea seedlings technology for vigorous seedling cultivation main points, the continuous experimental study side through between inventor 2010-2,012 three years basically forms.In October, 2012-mid-November, in the comparative trial plot of multi items grafting 3 kinds of breeding methods, inventor successively extracts contrast groups, the strain of each often group randomly drawing sample 20 for 5 times, and calculating mean value after testing, obtains following tables of data.

1. raw container grafting is compared (unit: cm) with naked root graft seedling growing state then:

From upper table: the growing way situation of raw naked root graft seedling is better than raw container grafting then then, and concrete Crack cause is that container seedling density is excessive, providing not as good as bareroot seedling of its nutrition.

2. raw container nursery in 2 years, naked nursery are compared (unit: cm) with nursery growing state of the present invention:

Compare from the seedling growth situation data of the different type of rearing of upper table 3 group, bareroot seedling is best, and container seedling is the poorest, and seedling method of the present invention is placed in the middle.According to Anhui Forest Room pertinent regulations, the index allowing container seedling to go out garden afforestation is that height of seedling reaches 10cm, and container seedling general equal 10cm height of seedling that reaches in then, so in Business operation, generally there are not 2 years raw container seedlings in table.

3. the survival rate under different seedling-cultivating method under the outplanting rate of 2 years raw seedlings, non-long distance transportation condition compares:

From upper table: outplanting rate and the survival rate of seedling method of the present invention are best.

For scale camellia seedling base, because the extent of supply is wide, so seedling experience remote (150-400km) transport is the basic premise that client afforests.The rear growth situation that the seedling of inventor to each seedling method goes out garden afforestation has carried out large area follow-up investigation, also obtain the relevant information of many oil teas afforestation user active feedback, its conclusion is: after annual container seedling forestation survives, its regrowth woods height of seedling degree of 2 years is generally still no more than the nursery stock height of seedling method of the present invention, and it is comparatively slow namely to grow after container seedling.Naked root graft seedling survival rate after long distance transportation is general less than 50%, and what have even can only reach 30% reluctantly, and it reaches the phase of bearing fruit and at least also needs more than 3 years time.And the oil tea grafting seedlings of the present invention strong sprout of life in 2 years, the situation when survival rate after experience long distance transportation and non-long distance transportation has no difference; If go out garden afforestation the 10-11 month of the 2nd year, namely next year blooms, more namely next year bears fruit; If go out garden Afforestation Time earlier than in March, the 3rd, still bloom then afforestation, next year bears fruit, and after it is overall, growth situation is quite good.

Since 2011, the cost that inventor has added up each seedling method continuously drops into, and obtains following table (unit: RMB￥/every strain):

Consider the factors such as survival rate, rear growth effect, cost Input Level, oil tea grafting seedlings strong seedling cultivation method of the present invention has spread and is worth.

Claims (2)

1. an oil tea grafting seedlings strong seedling cultivation method, comprise the grafting of good quality and high output fringe seedling, container seedling planted, container bag seedling booth cultivate, container seedling thin planting transplant, container seedling land for growing field crops incubation step, it is characterized in that:

1. oily bitter edible plant grafting adopts container bag nursery in booth, cultivates duration 5-6 month;

2. by above-mentioned grafting, move to ground, garden, land for growing field crops thin planting together with the container bag being still wrapped in its root, cultivate after duration is no less than 12 months and go out garden.

2. a kind of oil tea grafting seedlings strong seedling cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: oily bitter edible plant grafting is 10 × 12cm at the seeding row spacing of ground, garden, land for growing field crops thin planting.