CN101878715A - Saussurea lappa fine variety breeding method - Google Patents
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- CN101878715A CN101878715A CN 201010218573 CN201010218573A CN101878715A CN 101878715 A CN101878715 A CN 101878715A CN 201010218573 CN201010218573 CN 201010218573 CN 201010218573 A CN201010218573 A CN 201010218573A CN 101878715 A CN101878715 A CN 101878715A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a saussurea lappa fine variety breeding method, and belongs to the technical field of medicinal plant breeding. In the method, sand loam with the altitude between 2,600 and 2,900m and the frostless season more than 250 days is selected; 22,500 to 45,000kg/hm<2> of well-rotted farmyard manure and 225 to 450kg/hm<2> of compound fertilizer containing more than or equal to 15 percent of N, more than or equal to 15 percent of P2O5 and more than or equal to 15 percent of K2O are applied as base fertilizers; in the period of the first 1 to 2 years, urea containing more than or equal to 45 percent of N and/or the compound fertilizer are used as the additional fertilizer for three times; and the triangular hole sowing distance is 10-20cm*20-30cm, and the seeding quantity is 12-15kg/hm<2>. The method can make the seed yield reach 742 to 783kg/nm<2>, the thousand seed weight reach 24-25.6g, the seed sprouting percentage reach 93-95 percent, and the seed purity reach 97-99 percent, which are respectively improved by 90 to 100 percent, 19 to 25 percent, 31 to 33 percent and 22 to 24 percent compared with the contrasts.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to medicinal plant raising technology field, be specifically related to the stock breeding method of Aplotaxis auriculata.
Background technology
Aplotaxis auriculata (Aucklandia lappa Decne.) is a composite family Aplotaxis auriculata platymiscium.Its medicinal history is long, is one of numerous Chinese patent medicine formula primary raw material medicinal materials.Promoting qi circulation and relieving pain is arranged, and the effect of stomach strengthening and digestion promoting is used for chest gastral cavity distending pain, rushes down after the dysentery heavyly, and dyspepsia does not disappear, do not feel like eating, the stomachache of having loose bowels.Aplotaxis auriculata originates in India, and nineteen thirty-five begins in the plantation of Yunnan Lijing and extends to the whole province gradually.Nineteen fifty-nine exports first, is described as " Aplotaxis auriculata ".All there is introducing and planting in provinces such as existing Yunnan Province of China, Guangxi, Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi, serve as maximum and a large amount of outlets with Yunnan output at present, are used as medicine with its rhizome.
The production of tradition Aplotaxis auriculata seed lacks special breeding field and prevalent variety cultivation technology, only selects the plant of robust growth, no damage by disease and insect usually before seed maturity in the field, and the flower bud that do not deflorate gives over to seed collecting, or selects the neat plot of robust growth, makes seed field.The seed quality of producing is poor, and it is low to emerge, and a little less than the seedling, causes the decline of banksia rose commodity output and quality.The production of breeding is the basis of traditional Chinese medicine cultivating superior high-yield, in order fundamentally to solve the problem of seed, Alpine Economic Plants Inst., Yunnan Prov. Academy of Agricultural Sciences has carried out traditional Chinese medicine GAP cultivation research to Aplotaxis auriculata, (GAP is the writing a Chinese character in simplified form of English Good Agricultural Practice for Chinese Crude Drugs of traditional Chinese medicine quality of production management regulation, is called for short traditional Chinese medicine GAP to have done a large amount of work aspect the breeding of breeding; Traditional Chinese medicine quality of production management regulation is that traditional Chinese medicine GAP is that collateral security traditional Chinese medicine quality is set out, and control influences the various factors of traditional Chinese medicine quality, and each production link of standard medicinal material and even overall process are to reach the purpose of medicinal material " high-quality, stable, controlled ").
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to overcome in the prior art effective technology means that seed growing to Aplotaxis auriculata does not have suitable fertilising, planting density and breeds breeding, low and the ropy technical problem of seed production, its objective is the method for the stock breeding that a kind of Aplotaxis auriculata is provided, make the Aplotaxis auriculata seed production reach 450～750kg/hm
2, seed grain is full, germination rate＞80%, thousand kernel weight＞23g, cleanliness 〉=90%.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme of the method for the stock breeding of a kind of Aplotaxis auriculata that the inventive method provides comprises following choosing ground, whole ground, sowing, and field management and seed collection step:
(1) height above sea level 2600～2900m area is selected on choosing ground, and frost-free season, soil property was the soil of sandy loam more than 150 days;
(2) wholely, the base fertilizer that applies is by well-rotted farmyard manure with contain N 〉=15%, P in mass fraction
2O
5〉=15% and K
2The composite fertilizer of O 〉=15% forms, and the consumption of described well-rotted farmyard manure is 22500～45000kg/hm
2, the consumption of described composite fertilizer is 225～450kg/hm
2, plough deeply in conjunction with spread fertilizer over the fields wholely;
(3) sowing, in annual late March～early April sowing, the cleanliness of pressing the Aplotaxis auriculata seed, germination rate and thousand kernel weight carry out classification, select one-level Aplotaxis auriculata seed or secondary Aplotaxis auriculata seed as selected planting seed; Described one-level Aplotaxis auriculata seed is: cleanliness 〉=95%, germination rate 〉=90% and thousand kernel weight 〉=25g; Described secondary Aplotaxis auriculata seed is: 90%≤cleanliness＜95%, 80%≤germination rate＜90% and 23g≤thousand kernel weight＜25g; Selected seed can improve seed purity, makes to germinate rapidly, and it is neat to emerge; The triangular form bunch planting is adopted in sowing, and the cave is apart from 10～20cm * 20～30cm, and the seeding quantity of Aplotaxis auriculata seed is 12～15kg/hm
2(table 1 is the hierarchical table of Aplotaxis auriculata seed)
Table 1 Aplotaxis auriculata seed grading table
| Project | First order seed | Secondary seed | Three grades of seeds |
| Cleanliness (%) | ??≥95 | ??≥90，＜95 | ??≥85，＜90 |
| Germination rate (%) | ??≥90 | ??≥80，＜90 | ??≥65，＜80 |
| Thousand kernel weight (g) | ??≥25 | ??≥23，＜25 | ??≥20，＜23 |
(4) field management at the 2nd year of the plantation Aplotaxis auriculata, is plucked its branch bud when Aplotaxis auriculata enters squaring period; Dressing time applies the urea 225～450kg/hm that contains N 〉=45% in mass fraction in the 1st year 4～May of plantation Aplotaxis auriculata for the first time
2The 2nd dressing time be in the 1st year 6～July of plantation Aplotaxis auriculata, applies in the urea that contains N 〉=45% of mass fraction and contain N 〉=15%, P in mass fraction
2O
5〉=15% and K
2The composite fertilizer of O 〉=15%, described urea and composite fertilizer are urea with the mass ratio: composite fertilizer=mixing back consumption was 300～600kg/hm in 1: 2
2The 3rd fertilization time is in the 2nd year 5～June of plantation Aplotaxis auriculata, and fertilizer of using and ratio thereof are topdressed identical with amount of application with the 2nd time;
(5) seed collection is in the gather seed of the 1st～2 batch of maturation of 2 years living Aplotaxis auriculata of late August to early September.
The soil away from planting vegetable ground can also be selected in described choosing ground.
The triangular form bunch planting is adopted in described sowing, and overlay film on the face of railway carriage or compartment adopts the triangular form bunch planting again behind the artificial rupture of membrane earlier.
The inventive method can also adopt following measure in described following steps:
When (1) selecting ground, selecting height above sea level is the 2700m area, and frost-free season is 160 days soils away from the sandy loam of vegetable field;
When (2) putting in order ground, applying well-rotted farmyard manure is 30000kg/hm
2, apply and contain N 〉=15%, P in mass fraction
2O
5〉=15% and K
2The composite fertilizer of O 〉=15% is 375kg/hm
2
When (3) sowing, select one-level Aplotaxis auriculata seed as selected planting seed; The cave of the triangular form bunch planting that sowing is adopted is apart from being 15cm * 25cm, and seeding quantity is 13.5kg/hm
2
(4) during field management, dressing time applies the urea 450kg/hm that contains N 〉=45% in mass fraction in May, the 1st of plantation Aplotaxis auriculata for the first time
2The 2nd dressing time is in June, the 1st of plantation Aplotaxis auriculata, applies in the urea that contains N 〉=45% of mass fraction and contains N 〉=15%, P in mass fraction
2O
5〉=15% and K
2The composite fertilizer of O 〉=15%, described urea and composite fertilizer are urea with the mass ratio: composite fertilizer=mixing back consumption was 450kg/hm in 1: 2
2The 3rd fertilization time is in June, the 2nd of plantation Aplotaxis auriculata, applies in the urea that contains N 〉=45% of mass fraction and contains N 〉=15%, P in mass fraction
2O
5〉=15% and K
2The composite fertilizer of O 〉=15%, described urea and composite fertilizer are urea with the mass ratio: composite fertilizer=mixing back consumption was 450kg/hm in 1: 2
2
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, adopt the inventive method can make the seed production in Aplotaxis auriculata seed-breeding field reach 742～783kg/hm
2, comparison is according to volume increase 90%～100%, and its thousand grain weigth reaches 24g～25.6g, and comparison is according to improving 19%～25%; Percentage of seedgermination reaches 93%～95%, and comparison is according to improving 31%～33%; Physical purity of seed reaches 97%～99%, and comparison is according to improving 22%～24%.
2, the inventive method is easy and simple to handle, is easy to grasp.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described, but do not limit protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1 embodiments of the invention
Carry out according to the following steps
1, choosing ground
In the Lijiang City, Yunnan Province, select height above sea level 2600m, 150 days frost-free seasons, soil property is sandy loam;
2, wholely
This ground preceding crop is a Semen Phaseoli Vulgaris, ploughs deeply autumn and tans by the sun, and applies fertilizer February in next year and manage the railway carriage or compartment in two ploughs, two rake backs, the wide 80cm in railway carriage or compartment, and the high 20cm in railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 25cm, the railway carriage or compartment is to consistent with the plot aspect, and the railway carriage or compartment is long definite according to concrete landform.Base fertilizer is by well-rotted farmyard manure and contain N 〉=15%, P in mass fraction
2O
5〉=15% and K
2The composite fertilizer of O 〉=15% forms, and it is 30000kg/hm that base fertilizer applies well-rotted farmyard manure
2, apply with what mass fraction calculated and contain N 〉=15%, P
2O
5〉=15% and K
2The composite fertilizer of O 〉=15% is 225kg/hm
2, plough deeply in conjunction with spread fertilizer over the fields wholely;
3, sowing
Give over to the individuality that seed uses and to select the strong seed material of the big grain of grain, adopt selection by winnowing or screening technique to remove flat kind and impurity, press the cleanliness of Aplotaxis auriculata seed simultaneously, germination rate and thousand kernel weight carry out classification, grade scale sees Table 2, adopt secondary seed to make breeding and use, promptly secondary seed is 90%≤cleanliness＜95%, 80%≤germination rate＜90% and 23g≤thousand kernel weight＜25g.Elite seed can improve seed purity, makes to germinate rapidly, and it is neat to emerge.
Table 2 Aplotaxis auriculata seed grading table
| Project | First order seed | Secondary seed | Three grades of seeds |
| Cleanliness (%) | ??≥95 | ??≥90，＜95 | ??≥85，＜90 |
| Germination rate (%) | ??≥90 | ??≥80，＜90 | ??≥65，＜80 |
| Thousand kernel weight (g) | ??≥25 | ??≥23，＜25 | ??≥20，＜23 |
In late March sowing, overlay film on the face of railway carriage or compartment earlier during sowing, mulch film is pressed tight compacting with thin wet soil all around during overlay film, strains exceptionally straightly, and non-wrinkled and close proximity to ground does not interspace, in case mulch film is blown up.Adopt artificial rupture of membrane, triangular form bunch planting behind the overlay film, the cave is apart from 20cm * 30cm, and 4 Aplotaxis auriculata seeds are put in every cave, and seeding quantity is 12kg/hm
2After planting even earthing 5cm.
4, field management
4.1 thinning
Seedling stage between in May, the 1st, pull out the weak seedling of seedling as far as possible, stay strain in strong sprouts 2.The plant that will bloom in the 1st year is all removed.
4.2 pluck the tongue debranching
Aplotaxis auriculata enters squaring period after in May, the 2nd, and should extract bud weak, sick plant this moment.Well-grown plant plucks the branch bud, and is full to guarantee seed maturity.
4.3 water drainage
When rainy season in 6～September every year, Aplotaxis auriculata plot ponding causes mashed root easily, notes timely drainage waterlogging prevention.
4.4 topdress
For the first time dressing time the plantation Aplotaxis auriculata in May, the 1st, seedling was neat the time, apply the urea 225kg/hm that contains N 〉=45% that calculates with mass fraction
2The 2nd dressing time be in July, the 1st of plantation Aplotaxis auriculata, applies the urea that contains N 〉=45% that calculates with mass fraction and contain N 〉=15%, P with what mass fraction calculated
2O
5〉=15% and K
2The composite fertilizer of O 〉=15%, described urea and composite fertilizer are urea with the mass ratio: applying consumption after composite fertilizer=mixing in 1: 2 is 300kg/hm
2The 3rd fertilization time be in May, the 2nd of plantation Aplotaxis auriculata, applies the urea that contains N 〉=45% that calculates with mass fraction and contain N 〉=15%, P with what mass fraction calculated
2O
5〉=15% and K
2The composite fertilizer of O 〉=15%, described urea and composite fertilizer are urea with the mass ratio: applying consumption after composite fertilizer=mixing in 1: 2 is 300kg/hm
2
4.5 the extermination of disease and insect pest
Disease is mainly root rot, generally starts 5～June, and high temperature and rainy, the impeded drainage plot easily takes place.Prevent and treat the pest control method control of method by this crop routine, field management should reduce mechanical damage as far as possible, diseased plant is in time pulled out in discovery, and carry out soil disinfection with quicklime, when if disease takes place seriously, the available quality mark be 50% carbendazim or mass fraction be 500～800 times of 75% tpns in root pouring or spraying, use 2～3 times.
Insect is mainly aphid and the negative locust of short volume.The control of insect is by the insect pest control method control of this crop routine, when aphid morbidity was serious, spraying mass fraction was 1500 times of liquid of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, or was that 3000 times of liquid of 50% Aphox wetting powder are sprayed with mass fraction, every medication in 7 days 1 time, continuous 2～3 times.The negative locust of short volume has another name called " grasshopper ", and weed a garden winter, reduces the worm that survives the winter, and when generation was serious, available net was catched and killed.
5, seed collection, processing
In the gather seed of the 1st～2 batch of maturation of 2 years living Aplotaxis auriculata of late August to early September, extract healthy and strong plant in batches, cut fruit ear, airing 2～3 days, involucre scatters, and gets seed, remove flat kind and impurity, airing is 5～7 days again, with bale packing and be stored in aeration-drying place.
6, effect sees Table 1.
Embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 also are embodiments of the invention, and except that the listed technical measures difference of table 3, all the other methods of operating are all identical with embodiment 1, repeat no more.Difference sees Table 3.
Table 3 embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 operation difference and effects thereof
The urea of being used in the table 3 is the urea that contains N 〉=45% that calculates with mass fraction, and the composite fertilizer that is used is with what mass fraction calculated and contains N 〉=15%, P
2O
5〉=15%, K
2The composite fertilizer of O 〉=15%.
Go up according to this embodiment and draw, after the breeding of Aplotaxis auriculata is gathered, average every mu of results seed 767kg/hm
2, the average thousand kernel weight 24.9g of seed, seed average germination percentage 93.9%, the average cleanliness 98% of seed.
Embodiment 4:(contrast) the tradition mode of reserving seed for planting
The tradition mode of reserving seed for planting: only select the plant of robust growth, no damage by disease and insect usually before seed maturity in the field, the flower bud that do not deflorate gives over to seed collecting, or the neat plot of selection robust growth, manages with delicacy and makes seed field.7～August, seed maturity was often observed to the seed-breeding field, and when the anthocaulus flavescence, petal becomes yellowish-brown, when do not scatter as yet in petal top, in time gathered, and the petal of adopting is back got seed after Exposure to Sunlight, pick out foreign material, and with pure seed pack, it is standby to put aeration-drying place.
The effect contrast of table 2 the present invention and embodiment 4
Claims (4)
1. the method for an Aplotaxis auriculata stock breeding is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) height above sea level 2600～2900m area is selected on choosing ground, and frost-free season, soil property was the soil of sandy loam more than 150 days;
(2) wholely, the base fertilizer that applies during whole ground is by well-rotted farmyard manure with contain N 〉=15%, P in mass fraction
2O
5〉=15% and K
2The composite fertilizer of O 〉=15% forms, and the consumption of described well-rotted farmyard manure is 22500～45000kg/hm
2, the consumption of described composite fertilizer is 225～450kg/hm
2
(3) sowing in annual late March～early April sowing, selects one-level Aplotaxis auriculata seed or secondary Aplotaxis auriculata seed as selected planting seed; Described one-level Aplotaxis auriculata seed is: cleanliness 〉=95%, germination rate 〉=90% and thousand kernel weight 〉=25g; Described secondary Aplotaxis auriculata seed is: 90%≤cleanliness＜95%, 80%≤germination rate＜90% and 23g≤thousand kernel weight＜25g; The triangular form bunch planting is adopted in sowing, and the cave is apart from 10～20cm * 20～30cm, and the seeding quantity of Aplotaxis auriculata seed is 12～15kg/hm
2
(4) field management at the 2nd year of the plantation Aplotaxis auriculata, is plucked its branch bud when Aplotaxis auriculata enters squaring period; Dressing time applies the urea 225～450kg/hm that contains N 〉=45% in mass fraction in the 1st year 4～May of plantation Aplotaxis auriculata for the first time
2The 2nd dressing time be in the 1st year 6～July of plantation Aplotaxis auriculata, applies in the urea that contains N 〉=45% of mass fraction and contain N 〉=15%, P in mass fraction
2O
5〉=15% and K
2The composite fertilizer of O 〉=15%, described urea and composite fertilizer are urea with the mass ratio: composite fertilizer=mixing back consumption was 300～600kg/hm in 1: 2
2The 3rd fertilization time is in the 2nd year 5～June of plantation Aplotaxis auriculata, and fertilizer of using and ratio thereof are topdressed identical with amount of application with the 2nd time;
(5) seed collection is in the gather seed of the 1st～2 batch of maturation of 2 years living Aplotaxis auriculata of late August to early September.
2. the method for Aplotaxis auriculata stock breeding according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the soil away from planting vegetable ground is selected on described choosing ground.
3. the method for Aplotaxis auriculata stock breeding according to claim 1 is characterized in that: it is elder generation's overlay film on the face of railway carriage or compartment that the triangular form bunch planting is adopted in described sowing, adopts the triangular form bunch planting again behind the artificial rupture of membrane.
4. according to the method for the described Aplotaxis auriculata stock breeding of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that:
When (1) selecting ground, selecting height above sea level is the 2700m area, and frost-free season is the soil of 160 days sandy loam;
When (2) putting in order ground, applying well-rotted farmyard manure is 30000kg/hm
2, apply and contain N 〉=15%, P in mass fraction
2O
5〉=15% and K
2The composite fertilizer of O 〉=15% is 375kg/hm
2
When (3) sowing, select one-level Aplotaxis auriculata seed as selected planting seed; The cave of the triangular form bunch planting that sowing is adopted is apart from being 15cm * 25cm, and seeding quantity is 13.5kg/hm
2
(4) during field management, dressing time applies the urea 450kg/hm that contains N 〉=45% in mass fraction in May, the 1st of plantation Aplotaxis auriculata for the first time
2The 2nd dressing time is in June, the 1st of plantation Aplotaxis auriculata, applies in the urea that contains N 〉=45% of mass fraction and contains N 〉=15%, P in mass fraction
2O
5〉=15% and K
2The composite fertilizer of O 〉=15%, described urea and composite fertilizer are urea with the mass ratio: composite fertilizer=mixing back consumption was 450kg/hm in 1: 2
2The 3rd fertilization time is in June, the 2nd of plantation Aplotaxis auriculata, applies in the urea that contains N 〉=45% of mass fraction and contains N 〉=15%, P in mass fraction
2O
5〉=15% and K
2The composite fertilizer of O 〉=15%, described urea and composite fertilizer are urea with the mass ratio: composite fertilizer=mixing back consumption was 450kg/hm in 1: 2
2
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| CN104737745A (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2015-07-01 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Radish seed planting method |
| CN105009856A (en) * | 2014-04-29 | 2015-11-04 | 朵德祥 | Inula racemosa planting method |
| CN105359783A (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2016-03-02 | 宣汉县龙森中药材种植有限公司 | Method for three-method continuous cropping cultivation of Saussurea costus |
| CN105409555A (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-03-23 | 李隆江 | High-yield planting method for radix aucklandiae by continuous cropping |
| CN105850713A (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2016-08-17 | 重庆市中药研究院 | Seed breeding and expanding propagation method with combination of costustoot individual plant and mother line selection |
| CN109328936A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-02-15 | 宣威市龙津生物科技有限责任公司 | A kind of implantation methods of Aplotaxis auriculata |
| CN111345211A (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2020-06-30 | 玉龙县鲁甸山芸药业有限责任公司 | Breeding and planting method of saussurea lappa Clarke |
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| CN102972180A (en) * | 2012-12-03 | 2013-03-20 | 重庆市中药研究院 | Autumn sowing planting method for radix aucklandiae in southwest high attitude area |
| CN102972180B (en) * | 2012-12-03 | 2013-12-18 | 重庆市中药研究院 | Autumn sowing planting method for radix aucklandiae in southwest high attitude area |
| CN105009856A (en) * | 2014-04-29 | 2015-11-04 | 朵德祥 | Inula racemosa planting method |
| CN104737745A (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2015-07-01 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Radish seed planting method |
| CN104737745B (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2017-08-01 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of implantation methods of radish seed |
| CN105359783A (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2016-03-02 | 宣汉县龙森中药材种植有限公司 | Method for three-method continuous cropping cultivation of Saussurea costus |
| CN105359783B (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2018-10-02 | 宣汉县龙森中药材种植有限公司 | Three method sequential cropping cultivation method of Aplotaxis auriculata |
| CN105409555A (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-03-23 | 李隆江 | High-yield planting method for radix aucklandiae by continuous cropping |
| CN105850713A (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2016-08-17 | 重庆市中药研究院 | Seed breeding and expanding propagation method with combination of costustoot individual plant and mother line selection |
| CN105850713B (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2019-02-05 | 重庆市中药研究院 | A kind of maternal fine-variety breeding and expanding propagation method for selecting to combine of radix aucklandiae single plant- |
| CN109328936A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-02-15 | 宣威市龙津生物科技有限责任公司 | A kind of implantation methods of Aplotaxis auriculata |
| CN111345211A (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2020-06-30 | 玉龙县鲁甸山芸药业有限责任公司 | Breeding and planting method of saussurea lappa Clarke |
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