CN106900320B - Planting method of fine Mongolian milkvetch roots - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method of fine Mongolian milkvetch roots. The planting method comprises the following steps: selecting land, preparing land, selecting and treating seeds, sowing, managing in field, preventing and controlling diseases and pests, harvesting and processing. Experiments prove that: the astragalus planting method improves the emergence rate and emergence uniformity of astragalus seeds, shortens the emergence time, has the seed quantity of about 1 kg per mu, greatly reduces the planting cost, obtains the astragalus roots which are straight, thick and long, non-forked, large in size, high in yield and excellent in quality, can reach the standard of fine astragalus roots, can be sold in single-plant boxes, and has very high economic benefit.

Description

Planting method of fine Mongolian milkvetch roots

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of planting of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and particularly relates to a planting method of fine Mongolian milkvetch roots.

Background

Astragalus membranaceus is a large number of traditional Chinese medicinal materials which are well known in China and are always one of the traditional Chinese medicines with the largest dosage in a traditional Chinese medicine clinical prescription and a traditional Chinese medicine, is called as 'ten medicines and eight astragalus membranaceus', has mild drug properties, can eliminate pathogenic factors and strengthen body resistance, and is praised as 'long term of qi tonifying' and 'immortal medicine' by the traditional Chinese medicine world. Along with the increase of the demand of the market for astragalus, the wild astragalus resource is almost exhausted, fine astragalus growing for many years on the market is more and less, the thickness of the fine flagelline with the length of more than 120cm on the market reaches more than 3cm, and the selling price of each fine flagelline stilbene with the length of more than 120cm is 150 plus 500 yuan.

At present, the artificial planting scale of each astragalus mongholicus producing area is enlarged, particularly in places such as Gansu and inner Mongolia places, due to the driving of economic benefits, the astragalus mongholicus is planted in farmland fields in a seedling and transplanting mode, high water and fertilizer management is carried out, the yield of the astragalus mongholicus is improved, the quality of the astragalus mongholicus is not guaranteed, the astragalus mongholicus grows for 2-3 years and is harvested, and effective components and medicinal value cannot be compared with those of wild astragalus mongholicus. Therefore, the method researches the growth habit of the astragalus membranaceus, develops a cultivation technology of fine astragalus membranaceus, ensures the excellent quality of the astragalus membranaceus, has a positive source promoting effect on the development of the whole industrial chain of the astragalus membranaceus, and can generate great economic and social benefits.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for planting astragalus membranaceus.

The astragalus planting method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: sowing astragalus seeds in holes in soil, backfilling nutrient soil into the holes, and culturing to obtain astragalus plants;

the nutrient soil is obtained by uniformly mixing sandy loam, river sand, sheep manure leavening, plant ash, rapeseed cake leavening, nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer and calcium superphosphate.

In the method, the plant ash is a product obtained by burning crop straws. The crop straw can be wheat, corn, rice, cotton and other crop straw.

In the method, the sheep manure leavening is a leavening obtained by fermenting sheep manure; the fermentation time is at least 50 days. In the invention, the specific preparation method of the sheep manure leavening comprises the following steps: and (3) sealing the sheep manure with a plastic film, wherein the water content is more than 50%, fermenting the sheep manure in a place where sunlight is visible in spring for 60 days to obtain the sheep manure ferment. The sheep manure fermentation product is fluffy, is black brown, slightly has ammonia smell or soil smell, and has no sheep manure odor; after the fermentation is finished, the fermented product is slightly dried and then is screened by a standard sieve for use.

In the method, the rapeseed cake fermented product is a fermented product obtained by fermenting a rapeseed cake; the fermentation time is half a year. In the present invention, the specific preparation method of the rapeseed cake fermented product is as follows: and (3) filling the rapeseed cakes into a plastic bag, burying the plastic bag in soil with the depth of about 60cm, and fermenting, decomposing and decomposing for half a year to obtain the rapeseed cake leavening.

In the method, the nitrogen content in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is as follows: phosphorus: the mass ratio of potassium is 1:1: 1; nitrogen in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer: phosphorus: the mass fraction of potassium was 15%.

In the method, the particle size of the sandy loam is 50 meshes; the particle size of the river sand is 30 meshes; the particle size of the plant ash is 40 meshes; the particle size of the sheep manure fermentation product is 40 meshes.

In the method, the mass ratio of the sandy loam, the river sand, the sheep manure leavening, the plant ash, the rapeseed cake leavening, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and the calcium superphosphate is (45-55): (10-20): (15-25): (4.5-5.5):(4.5-5.5):(2.0-3.0):2.5. The mass ratio of the sandy loam, the river sand, the sheep manure leavening, the plant ash, the rapeseed cake leavening, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and the calcium superphosphate is specifically 50:15:20:5:5:2.5: 2.5.

The method comprises the steps of quickly rolling the astragalus seeds with a rice mill to obtain the split astragalus seeds, then mixing the split astragalus seeds with the seed coating agent, wherein the seed coating agent is a high-tech seed coating agent, the high-tech seed coating agent is a medicament obtained by uniformly mixing 70% imidacloprid wettable powder and Antison wettable powder, the seed mixing method is that the high-tech seed coating agent is diluted with water to obtain a seed coating agent aqueous solution, and the seed coating agent aqueous solution is sprayed on the uniformly spread astragalus seeds, wherein the ratio of the astragalus seeds, the imidacloprid, the Antisen to the water is 50kg:90g:75g:1000m L.

In the method, the seeding mode is hole seeding.

In the method, the diameter of the hole is 10cm, and the depth is 150 cm; 4-6 astragalus seeds are sowed in each hole. Holes in the soil are drilled with a spiral ground drilling machine according to the row spacing of 80cm and the hole spacing of 60cm, wherein the drilled holes are drilled with the diameter of 10cm and the depth of 150 cm.

In the method, the sowing time is from last 5 to last 7 months, specifically last 6 months.

In the method, the gradient of the soil is 10-30 degrees, specifically 20 degrees; the soil layer thickness of the soil is at least 1.5 m, in particular 1.8 m.

In the method, the soil is sandy loam which is loose in texture, strong in drainage and seepage force, high in organic matter content and free of any pollution source around.

In the method, the method further comprises the steps of field management and harvesting after sowing.

The field management comprises the following specific steps: and (3) carrying out first intertillage weeding before ridge sealing after the radix astragali turns green every year, and carrying out second manual weeding according to the growth condition of weeds in the middle 7 th of month. After intertillage and weeding, 10kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is applied to each mu, comprehensive pest control is carried out according to a pollution-free method, physical control and biological control are preferentially adopted, and little or no chemical pesticide is required. And the stress resistance of astragalus plants can be improved by spraying 0.4 percent of monopotassium phosphate and 0.3 percent of urea in combination with pest control. Buds of the astragalus are picked off in the bud stage every year, so that the nutrient consumption is reduced, and the growth of the roots of the astragalus is promoted. After the overground part of the astragalus membranaceus withers before winter, withered branches and fallen leaves are removed in time, and the withered branches and fallen leaves are burnt or piled to rett in a centralized manner, so that the sources of overwintering pests are eliminated, and the occurrence of pests and diseases in the next year is reduced.

And an RX-1200 type combined type medicinal material excavator professional harvesting equipment is adopted during the harvesting.

In the method, the astragalus mongholicus is Mongolian astragalus mongholicus, and the Mongolian astragalus mongholicus is particularly Mongolian astragalus mongholicus with full seeds, no mildew, no worm damage and a germination rate of more than 85%.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a novel use of the above method.

The present invention provides the use of the above method in any one of the following 1) to 5):

1) improving the emergence rate and/or emergence uniformity of astragalus seeds;

2) the thickness of the main root of the astragalus is improved;

3) the yield of the astragalus is improved;

4) improving the content of astragaloside IV as the effective component of radix astragali;

5) the branching number of the main root of the astragalus is reduced.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) high-quality astragalus seeds which are bred in a high-quality astragalus sloping field and a local place are selected to be planted in the astragalus main producing area, so that the land characteristics of the produced astragalus are ensured, and the traditional Chinese medicine astragalus has high quality and good drug property.

(2) In the prior art, the astragalus seeds are treated by a water temperature change seed soaking method, the method is long in time consumption, the cracking rate of the outer skin of the treated seeds is low, and the emergence rate is only 80-85%. The method for mechanically treating the astragalus seeds (the rice mill is used for treating the astragalus seeds and quickly lacerating seed coats of the astragalus seeds) has the advantages that the emergence rate of the treated seeds is increased to more than 95 percent and is obviously higher than that of the conventional method, the emergence rate and emergence uniformity of the astragalus seeds are improved, and the emergence time is shortened.

(3) The 'high and ingenious' seed dressing is adopted, so that the diseases and pests in the seedling stage can be reduced, and the seedling protection rate is improved.

(4) The method selects sandy loam with 10-30 degrees of gradient, loose texture and strong drainage and seepage force, which has higher organic matter content, and is suitable for Qisloping fields without any pollution sources around for sowing. Experimental research shows that after the astragalus slope land which meets the conditions is sown, the astragalus root strips are straight, thick and long, and are not forked, the astragalus root strips are large in size, high in yield and high in quality, and the content of the active ingredients of the astragalus root is high.

(5) The soil structure can be improved by backfilling the nutrient soil after drilling, the looseness, permeability and water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil are improved, the nutrients are supplied in a centralized manner, the root of the astragalus membranaceus is favorably pricked, and the main root is thick and long and has few branches.

(6) In the prior art, the drilled soil is directly backfilled when soil is prepared, and the nutrient soil is backfilled, so that sheep manure in the backfilled nutrient soil is fermented and cooked, better absorption of plants is facilitated, the root system cannot be burnt, the root burning and root rotting phenomena cannot be caused, and the growth capacity of astragalus membranaceus is greatly promoted.

(7) The conventional sowing period is sowing in spring, summer and autumn, because the temperature in the north is low, the resistance of seedlings is poor, the seedlings are easy to be frozen, sowing before frost is suitable for sowing in autumn, and sowing in next spring is suitable, and pests are easy to be damaged when the seedlings emerge in spring. The invention adopts seeding in 5-7 months in summer, so the seedlings emerge neatly and grow robustly.

(8) The conventional seeding mostly adopts a drilling mode, transverse ditches are arranged according to a row spacing of 45 cm, the depth of each ditch is 3cm, seeds are uniformly scattered into the ditches during seeding, fine soil is covered by 1-2 cm after the seeding, the seeds are slightly compacted, and the seed quantity per mu is about 2 kg generally. The invention adopts a hole sowing method to sow at the drilling points, 4-6 seeds are sown in each hole, the seed consumption per mu is about 1 kg generally, and the planting cost is greatly reduced.

(9) Reasonable close planting and timely intertillage weeding are facilitated, the ventilation and light transmission of the astragalus are facilitated, the astragalus plants grow robustly, and the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced.

(10) In the prior art, a method of spraying chemical pesticides is mostly adopted for comprehensive prevention and treatment of plant diseases and insect pests. The invention carries out weeding twice, and preferably adopts physical control and biological control methods to carry out pollution-free disease and pest control, thereby ensuring that the commercial astragalus is a safe, sanitary and pollution-free green product; meanwhile, the stress resistance of astragalus plants is improved by spraying 0.4 percent of monopotassium phosphate and 0.3 percent of urea in combination with pest control; and buds of the astragalus are picked off in the bud stage every year, so that the nutrient consumption is reduced, and the growth of the roots of the astragalus is promoted. In addition, the invention also manages the astragalus in the wintering period, and after the overground part of the astragalus withers before winter, dead branches and fallen leaves are removed in time and burned or piled for retting in a centralized manner, thereby eliminating the sources of overwintering pests and reducing the occurrence of pests and diseases in the next year.

(11) In the prior art, a conventional digging tool is adopted for digging, and the special harvesting equipment is adopted for digging, so that the harvesting efficiency is improved, the damage degree and the damage range to soil are greatly reduced, the ecological environment is protected, and the damage rate to the root of astragalus membranaceus is greatly reduced.

The invention provides a planting method of astragalus membranaceus, which comprises the following steps: selecting land, preparing land, selecting and treating seeds, sowing, managing in field, preventing and controlling diseases and pests, harvesting and processing. Experiments prove that: the astragalus planting method improves the emergence rate and emergence uniformity of astragalus seeds, shortens the emergence time, has the seed quantity of about 1 kg per mu, greatly reduces the planting cost, obtains the astragalus roots which are straight, thick and long, non-forked, large in size, high in yield and excellent in quality, can reach the standard of fine astragalus roots, can be sold in single-plant boxes, and has very high economic benefit.

Detailed Description

The experimental procedures used in the following examples are all conventional procedures unless otherwise specified.

Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

In the quantitative tests in the following examples, three replicates were set up and the results averaged.

Example 1 Astragalus membranaceus planting method of the present invention

1. Seed selection

Selecting the first-grade species which are produced in the last year and have full seeds, no mildew and no worm damage and a germination rate of more than 85 percent, wherein the seed source is Mongolian milkvetch root (Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao).

2. Seed treatment

Placing seeds to be sowed on tarpaulin for airing for 1 day, quickly rolling and processing the seeds once by using a rice mill, scratching seed coats, spreading the seeds processed by the rice mill on plastic cloth, then dressing the seeds by using a 'high and exquisite' seed coating agent, and airing the seeds in a shade after dressing the seeds to obtain the processed astragalus seeds for later use;

the 'high-tech' seed coating is prepared by completely and uniformly mixing 30g of 70% imidacloprid wettable powder (Hebei Sannong agricultural chemical Co., Ltd., catalog number: Q/SNHG032-2006) and 25g of anton wettable powder (Shanghai nong Ansheng, Biotech development is limited, catalog number: Q/HZ-JV 015-2012).

The seed dressing method comprises the steps of diluting a 'delicate' seed coating agent with water to obtain a seed coating agent aqueous solution, spraying the seed coating agent aqueous solution on uniformly spread astragalus seeds, wherein the ratio of the astragalus seeds to the imidacloprid to the Antisen to water is 50kg to 90g to 75g to 1000m L, and lifting four corners of a plastic cloth until the seeds are shaken uniformly.

3. Land selection

In a astragalus mongholicus producing area (a constant mountain range in muddy county of the same city as Shanxi province), a sandy loam with soil thickness of more than 1.5 m (specifically 1.8m), loose texture, strong drainage and seepage force, gradient of 10-30 degrees (specifically 20 degrees) and high soil organic matter content is selected, and a astragalus mongholicus slope area without any pollution source around is suitable.

4. Soil preparation

And (4) removing weeds and shrubs on the astragalus sloping field, and cleaning the planed weeds and shrubs out of the land. From the ground, holes (drilled holes) having a diameter of 10cm and a depth of 150cm were dug out with a spiral earth drill at a row pitch of 80cm and a pitch of 60 cm. Backfilling the prepared nutrient soil in the hole (drilled hole) slightly higher than the ground;

the preparation method of the nutrient soil comprises the following steps: mixing screened sandy loam (deep soil dug from local farmland, the particle size of sandy loam is 50 meshes), river sand (taken from local riverbed, the particle size of river sand is 30 meshes), sheep manure leavening, plant ash (a product obtained by burning crop straws and then screening the straws with a standard sieve of 40 meshes), rapeseed cake leavening, a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer (Shandong Sakaokou fertilizer industry Co., Ltd., 45S15-15-15, the mass fractions of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer are all 15%) and calcium superphosphate (Tangshan Teng Shoten trade Co., Ltd., 10031-30-8), and stirring uniformly to obtain the nutrient soil. Wherein the mass fraction of the screened sandy loam is 50%, the mass fraction of the river sand is 15%, the mass fraction of the sheep manure fermentation product is 20%, the mass fraction of the plant ash is 5%, the mass fraction of the rapeseed cake fermentation product is 5%, the mass fraction of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is 2.5%, and the mass fraction of the calcium superphosphate is 2.5%.

The preparation method of the sheep manure leavening comprises the following steps: sealing sheep manure with a plastic film, wherein the water content is more than 50%, fermenting the sheep manure in a place where sunlight is visible in spring for 60 days (not less than 50 days) to obtain fermented sheep manure, wherein the fermented sheep manure is fluffy, black brown in color, slightly ammoniacal or earthy, and free of sheep manure odor; after the fermentation is finished, slightly airing the sheep manure, and then sieving the sheep manure by a standard sieve of 40 meshes to obtain the sheep manure fermented product.

The preparation method of the rapeseed cake leavening comprises the following steps: the rapeseed cakes are filled into a plastic bag and buried in soil with the depth of about 60cm, and are fermented, decomposed and decomposed for half a year (because elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like in the sesame oil cakes exist in an organic state, the rape oil cakes can be absorbed and utilized by flowers and trees only after being fermented, decomposed and decomposed into an inorganic state, otherwise, roots of the flowers and trees are burned due to the fact that a large amount of organic acid is generated and heated when the rape oil cakes are fermented and decomposed in the soil), and then the rapeseed cake fermented product is obtained. Can be taken out for direct use or dried in the sun for standby.

5. Seeding

Sowing in the first 6 th of month (from the first 5 th of month to the last 7 th of month according to soil moisture content) by using a hole sowing method, sowing the treated astragalus seeds in holes in the soil, and sowing 4-6 seeds in each hole. The seed consumption per mu is about 1 kg generally.

6. Filling and fixing seedling

And (5) checking and supplementing the seedlings 20 days after sowing, and supplementing the seeds to the points of the seedlings lacking. The reseeding time is not later than the end of 7 months in the year. Thinning the seedlings by combining with intertillage weeding when the height of the seedlings is about 15cm, reserving 2-3 strong astragalus seedlings in each hole, fixing the seedlings by combining with intertillage weeding after the seedlings turn green in the next year, and reserving only one strongest astragalus seedling in each hole.

7. Management of field

And (3) carrying out first intertillage weeding before ridge sealing after the radix astragali turns green every year, and carrying out second manual weeding according to the growth condition of weeds in the middle 7 th of month. After intertillage and weeding, 10kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is applied to each mu, comprehensive pest control is carried out according to a pollution-free method, physical control and biological control are preferentially adopted, and little or no chemical pesticide is required. When the pesticide is required to be applied, the use principle of the standardized production of the pesticide by the traditional Chinese medicinal materials is strictly executed, and the types of the pesticide are carefully selected. The dosage and the period of the application are strictly controlled, the influence of pesticide residues is reduced as much as possible, and the commercial astragalus membranaceus is ensured to be a safe, sanitary and pollution-free green product. Spraying 0.4% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.3% of urea in combination with pest control to improve the stress resistance of astragalus plants; buds of the astragalus are picked off in the bud stage every year, so that the nutrient consumption is reduced, and the growth of the roots of the astragalus is promoted. After the overground part of the astragalus membranaceus withers before winter, withered branches and fallen leaves are removed in time, and the withered branches and fallen leaves are burnt or piled to rett in a centralized manner, so that the sources of overwintering pests are eliminated, and the occurrence of pests and diseases in the next year is reduced.

8. Harvesting

The radix astragali can reach the standard of fine radix astragali after growing for more than 8 years, and is harvested by professional harvesting equipment (RX-1200 type combined medicinal material excavator). The harvesting time is selected between 10-11 months, and the digging is started after stem leaves wither. Removing mud, weed roots and other foreign matters from the collected astragalus membranaceus, cutting off reed heads, removing fibrous roots, airing outdoors to be soft, straightening roots, binding 5 plants into one bundle, completely drying in a shade shed, and then trimming, boxing and selling.

The astragalus planting method is adopted for planting: the seed emergence rate is more than 95%, the seedlings are uniform, the seedlings grow strongly, the roots of the astragalus membranaceus obtained by planting are straight, the main roots are thick and long, the astragalus membranaceus does not branch off, the astragalus membranaceus is large in size, high in yield and high in quality, the content of the active ingredients (astragaloside) of the astragalus membranaceus is high (shown in table 1), the mu seed consumption is about 1 kg, and the planting cost is greatly reduced.

TABLE 1 comparison of quality and yield of Astragalus membranaceus by different planting methods: (

n＝10)

Note: p <0.05 compared to conventional planting methods.

Comparative example, conventional planting method of astragalus membranaceus

1. Seed selection

Selecting the first-grade species which are produced in the last year and have full seeds, no mildew and no worm damage and a germination rate of more than 85 percent, wherein the seed source is Mongolian milkvetch root (Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao).

2. Seed treatment

The astragalus seeds are treated by adopting a water temperature change seed soaking method: soaking in warm water of 40 deg.C in the daytime several days before sowing, changing cold water at night, continuously treating for three days and nights, taking out, putting into tile pot, covering with wet cloth, germinating, and sowing.

3. Land selection

Selecting slope soil with soil layer thickness of more than 1.5 m from mountain range of muddy county of Datongyuan city of Datongyuan province of Datonghui province of the Datonghui provinc.

4. Soil preparation

And (4) removing weeds and shrubs on the astragalus sloping field, and cleaning the planed weeds and shrubs out of the land. From the ground, drill holes of 10cm in diameter and 150cm in depth were dug out with a screw type earth boring machine at a row pitch of 80cm and a pitch of 60cm, and then the drilled soil was backfilled.

5. Seeding

In the last ten days of 4 months, sowing is carried out by adopting a drilling mode, transverse ditches are arranged according to the row spacing of 45 cm, the depth of each ditch is 3cm, seeds are uniformly scattered into the ditches during sowing, fine soil is covered by 1-2 cm after sowing, compaction is slightly carried out, and the seed consumption per mu is about 2 kg generally.

7. Management of field

After the radix astragali is turned green every year, 10kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is applied to each mu of land before ridge sealing, and a chemical pesticide spraying method is adopted for comprehensive pest control.

8. Harvesting

Selecting radix astragali growing for 5-8 years, and excavating with conventional excavating tool, wherein the harvesting time is 10-11 months, and excavating after stem and leaf wither. Removing mud, weed roots and other foreign matters from the collected astragalus membranaceus, cutting off reed heads, removing fibrous roots, airing outdoors to be soft, straightening the roots, binding 5 plants into one bundle, putting the bundle in a shady shed to be completely dry, and then trimming, boxing and selling.

Planting by adopting a conventional astragalus planting method: the emergence rate of astragalus seeds is 80-95%, the seedlings emerge unevenly, the seedlings grow insufficiently and robustly, the roots of the astragalus obtained by planting are not straight, the thickness of the main roots is insufficient, the astragalus roots have branches, the roots are small, the yield is low, the content of active ingredients (astragaloside) of the astragalus roots is low (table 1), and the dosage per mu is about 2 kg.

In conclusion, the astragalus planting method can effectively improve the emergence rate of astragalus seeds, the thickness of the main roots of astragalus, the yield and the effective components of astragalus, reduce the number of the main roots of astragalus, reduce the seed consumption per mu, greatly reduce the planting cost and have high economic benefit.

Claims (6)

1. A method for planting astragalus membranaceus comprises the following steps: sowing astragalus seeds in holes in soil, backfilling nutrient soil into the holes, and culturing to obtain astragalus plants;

the nutrient soil is obtained by uniformly mixing sandy loam, river sand, sheep manure leavening, plant ash, rapeseed cake leavening, nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer and calcium superphosphate;

the mass ratio of the sandy loam, the river sand, the sheep manure leavening, the plant ash, the rapeseed cake leavening, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and the calcium superphosphate is (45-55): 10-20): 15-25): 4.5-5.5: (4.5-5.5): 2.0-3.0): 2.5;

before sowing, dressing the seeds of the radix astragali with a seed coating agent;

the astragalus seeds with broken skins are obtained by quickly rolling the astragalus seeds by using a rice mill;

the seeding mode is hole seeding;

the diameter of the hole is 10cm, and the depth of the hole is 150 cm; 4-6 astragalus seeds are sowed in each hole;

the sowing time is from the last ten days of month 5 to the last ten days of month 7;

the gradient of the soil is 10-30 degrees.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein:

the plant ash is a product obtained by burning crop straws;

or the sheep manure leavening is a leavening obtained after fermenting sheep manure;

or the rapeseed cake leavening is a leavening obtained by fermenting the rapeseed cake.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that:

nitrogen in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer: phosphorus: the mass ratio of potassium is 1:1: 1;

or the particle size of the sandy loam is 50 meshes;

or the river sand has a particle size of 30 meshes;

or the particle size of the plant ash is 40 meshes;

or the particle size of the sheep manure fermentation product is 40 meshes.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the mass ratio of the sandy loam, the river sand, the sheep manure leavening, the plant ash, the rapeseed cake leavening, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and the calcium superphosphate is 50:15:20:5:5:2.5: 2.5.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the radix astragali is Mongolian radix astragali.

6. Use of the method of any one of claims 1 to 5) in any one of the following 1) to 5):

1) improving the emergence rate and/or emergence uniformity of astragalus seeds;

2) the thickness of the main root of the astragalus is improved;

3) the yield of the astragalus is improved;

4) improving the content of astragaloside IV as the effective component of radix astragali;

5) the branching number of the main root of the astragalus is reduced.