CN105359783A - Method for three-method continuous cropping cultivation of Saussurea costus - Google Patents
Method for three-method continuous cropping cultivation of Saussurea costus Download PDFInfo
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- CN105359783A CN105359783A CN201510754628.5A CN201510754628A CN105359783A CN 105359783 A CN105359783 A CN 105359783A CN 201510754628 A CN201510754628 A CN 201510754628A CN 105359783 A CN105359783 A CN 105359783A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 241001664510 Saussurea costus Species 0.000 title abstract 6
- 235000006784 Saussurea lappa Nutrition 0.000 title abstract 6
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009340 sequential cropping Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 208000000509 infertility Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000036512 infertility Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 231100000535 infertility Toxicity 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 241001647745 Banksia Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000220317 Rosa Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000254032 Acrididae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001124076 Aphididae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001367013 Ctenoplusia agnata Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008495 Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000192528 Chrysanthemum parthenium Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000000604 Chrysanthemum parthenium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000147058 Derris elliptica Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005947 Dimethoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003713 Rhodiola rosea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000042430 Rhodiola rosea Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000144987 brood Species 0.000 description 1
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011981 development test Methods 0.000 description 1
- MCWXGJITAZMZEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoate Chemical compound CNC(=O)CSP(=S)(OC)OC MCWXGJITAZMZEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000008384 feverfew Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000411851 herbal medicine Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001952 metrifonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- JUVIOZPCNVVQFO-HBGVWJBISA-N rotenone Chemical compound O([C@H](CC1=C2O3)C(C)=C)C1=CC=C2C(=O)[C@@H]1[C@H]3COC2=C1C=C(OC)C(OC)=C2 JUVIOZPCNVVQFO-HBGVWJBISA-N 0.000 description 1
- JUVIOZPCNVVQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N rotenone Natural products O1C2=C3CC(C(C)=C)OC3=CC=C2C(=O)C2C1COC1=C2C=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 JUVIOZPCNVVQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- YFNCATAIYKQPOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophanate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OCC YFNCATAIYKQPOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFACJZMKEDPNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorfon Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)C(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl NFACJZMKEDPNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for ''three-method'' continuous cropping cultivation of Saussurea costus, and the method comprises a method of digging old roots and remaining seedlings, a method of taking tail roots as seeds and a natural sowing method. In the method of digging the old roots and remaining the seedlings, the main roots which have grown for three years are dug during collection and excavation; and the seedlings of the Saussurea costus are remained and left in a land for continuous growth. In the method of taking the tail roots as seeds, the tail roots of the Saussurea costus are planted during the collection and the excavation; and one to two plants are planted in each pit at a root seed interval of 5 cm. In the natural sowing method, Saussurea costus seeds are naturally sprinkled in the land during the collection and the excavation and covered by heavy snow in a winter; the seedlings can grow out after spring in the next year; and thinning is carried out according to a plant row spacing of 25 cm and a line spacing of 35 cm. By the cultivation method disclosed by the invention, the continuous growth and harvesting of the Saussurea costus can be realized in the same land in successive years; continuous cropping required by the continuous cropping for every three to six years can be completely avoided; a land utilization rate is increased; and the yield also increases greatly.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of cultivation method, and what be specifically related to is Aplotaxis auriculata " three methods " sequential cropping cultivation method.
Background technology
Medicinal of Aplotaxis auriculata AuklandiajapoaDecne.(feverfew) Aplotaxis auriculata does not belong to China and originates in, and is external product.Heqing, nineteen thirty-five Yunnan Province nationality businessman Zhang Xiangchen is in India's Calcutta trade, 0.5 kilogram, Aplotaxis auriculata seed and cultivation method are taken back, and plant and plant experimentally in Shandong, Li Jiang County of Yunnan Province ten days, after succeeding, be generalized to other provinces and regions gradually, as Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Xinjiang, Tibet etc.Proved by the plantation of decades, best with the Lijiang Yunnan output biggest quality, therefore the title of Aplotaxis auriculata is had at Chinese herbal medicine industry.
Sichuan Province is that ground plantation succeeded from introducing Wan County, Yunnan, Fuling, the Liangshan Mountain, Mianyang, Kai Xian, Nanchuan etc. in 1958.Xuanhan County introduces the areas such as the Aplotaxis auriculata chicken planted in Fan Kuai district is sung, freedom, river mouth, ferry alpine region from nineteen sixty-five from Lijiang, yunnan is planted experimentally.It is deep that this region has soil layer, and mountain height cloud and mist is many, and weather cools moistening, and the feature of the moderate not easily ponding of the gradient, extremely adapts to the growth of Aplotaxis auriculata.Purchase in 1966 is 82 kilograms, and after 3 years, average yield per mu is about 300 ~ 500 kilograms.At present, whole county Aplotaxis auriculata cultivated area about 50,000 mu, annual production reaches 5,000,000 kilograms.Prove successful introduction by the plantation of nearly half a century, become one of main large kind of Xuanhan County's traditional Chinese medicine.But along with the development of Chinese Medicine Industry, the contradiction that medium-term and long-term accumulation produced by Xuanhan County's Aplotaxis auriculata manifests day by day, embody a concentrated expression of: continuous cropping in 6 years is changed crops with forest with striving, seed growing is periodically long, rural laborer shifts in a large number and produces need a large amount of labour drop into particularly thorny with Aplotaxis auriculata, Aplotaxis auriculata production cost increases, and seriously constrains the development that Xuanhan County's Aplotaxis auriculata is produced, in the urgent need to Aplotaxis auriculata sequential cropping cultivation Integration ofTechnology.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cultivation method that constantly year after year can grow Aplotaxis auriculata of gathering.
Realize technical scheme of the present invention as follows:
Aplotaxis auriculata " three methods " sequential cropping cultivation method, comprises digging and stays greatly little method, root of the tail to make kind of method, a self seed method;
Wherein, dig and stay greatly little method to be when excavating, cut out 3 years adult main roots, and Aplotaxis auriculata seedling does not dig, and allows it be planted in continued growth in ground as seed;
It is when excavating that root of the tail makes kind of a method, Aplotaxis auriculata root of the tail part is planted, and every nest plantation 1-2 strain, plants root and be spaced apart 5 ㎝;
Self seed method is when excavating, and Aplotaxis auriculata seed scatters naturally in ground, and Heavy snow covers, and namely can grow seedling after the spring in next year, then by spacing in the rows 25 ㎝, line-spacing 35 ㎝ thinning.
Further, be 10-15 ㎝ for the Aplotaxis auriculata root of the tail length of planting, diameter is 1.4-1.6 ㎝; When planting, slant setting is in nest.
Again further, Aplotaxis auriculata root of the tail is 13-17 ° in the tilted angle of nest.Preferred as one, angle of inclination is 15 °.
Further, during Aplotaxis auriculata is the 10-11 month in period of excavating.
In addition, the plantation of described Aplotaxis auriculata is on the hillside fields of more than 45 ° or tableland in the gradient.
In addition, mulch film is adopted to carry out culture underglass the time of infertility at Aplotaxis auriculata.
The present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effect:
Cultivation method of the present invention can make Aplotaxis auriculata in same piece of land constantly year after year growth gather, broken the way that Aplotaxis auriculata needs every 3-6 crop rotation completely, significantly improve the availability in soil; And Aplotaxis auriculata planting seed is just gathered for 3 years, and kind of the cultivation of root of the tail do only needs can gather for 2 years; The Aplotaxis auriculata seedling of root of the tail plantation strengthens morning of emerging, growth is fast.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Embodiment
Aplotaxis auriculata " three methods " sequential cropping cultivation method, comprises digging and stays greatly little method, root of the tail to make kind of method, a self seed method;
Wherein, dig and stay greatly little method to be when excavating, cut out 3 years adult main roots, and Aplotaxis auriculata seedling does not dig, and allows it be planted in continued growth in ground as seed.
It is when excavating that root of the tail makes kind of a method, Aplotaxis auriculata root of the tail part is planted, and every nest plantation 1-2 strain, plants root and be spaced apart 5 ㎝; Particularly, be 10-15 ㎝ for the Aplotaxis auriculata root of the tail length of planting, diameter is 1.4-1.6 ㎝; When planting, slant setting is in nest.Aplotaxis auriculata root of the tail is 13-17 ° in the tilted angle of nest.
Self seed method is when excavating, and Aplotaxis auriculata seed scatters naturally in ground, and Heavy snow covers, and namely can grow seedling after the spring in next year, then by spacing in the rows 25 ㎝, line-spacing 35 ㎝ thinning.
Above-mentioned cultivation method is after planting carrying out first, when after planting excavating first, carries out cultivation and constantly can grow year after year gather, broken the way that Aplotaxis auriculata needs every 3-6 crop rotation completely, significantly improve the availability in soil according to above-mentioned three methods; And adopt method three annual output of the present invention to compare traditional to increase 20%.
In addition, during Aplotaxis auriculata is the 10-11 month in period of excavating.The 10-11 month why is selected to excavate, because during this be the period that dry matter in Aplotaxis auriculata and active constituent content accumulation reach higher level.So inventor has done following test for the difference of Aplotaxis auriculata seed harvest phase:
Devise 4 process, i.e. mid-August (A), mid-September (B), mid-October (C), mid-November (D).Repeat for 3 times, plot area 4.32 square metres (2.7m × 1.6m) (railway carriage or compartment furrow width 0.30m is interior), row nest is apart from being 33cm × 34cm, and 32 nests are broadcast in community.Result of the test shows: with fresh goods yield meter, and process C output is the highest, is 29050.93kg/hm
2, be secondly process D, B, A is minimum in process, is 20879.63kg/hm
2.Process C Dried product is the highest, is 8279.52kg/hm
2, l comparatively processes D and increases by 2.97%, and comparatively treatments B increases by 8.31%, comparatively processes A and increases by 51.06%; Process D Dried product is 8041.08kg/hm
2, comparatively treatments B volume increase 5.19%, comparatively processes A volume increase 46.71%; Treatments B Dried product is 7644.10kg/hm
2, comparatively process A volume increase 39.47%.
Table 1 different disposal banksia rose Yield compari@
Table 2 variance analysis
What take is that duncan's new multiple range method (SSR method) carries out multiple compound ratio and comparatively tests.
In addition, inventor is for the test of root of the tail cultivation with seed growing group:
In three township's height above sea level 1600 meter great Wo villages of pier Tujia, design seed growing group (I) and root of the tail make kind of cultivation group (II) 2 test each 5 mu an of field.Root of the tail is made kind of a cultivation and is: when Aplotaxis auriculata is excavated autumn, by Aplotaxis auriculata root of the tail part 10--15cm, at diameter about 1.5cm, a brood of plantation root of the tail 1-2 strain, plants root interval 5cm, plant root and be tiltedly put in nest, tiltedly put angle at about 15 degree.Result of the test shows (table 3): (I) (3 years) phase fresh goods average yield 26354.17 ㎏/hm that organizes a week
2, dry product average yield 7361.4 ㎏/hm
2; (II) cycle (1 year) fresh goods average yield 13275.09 ㎏/hm is organized
2, dry product average yield 3715.7 ㎏/hm
2, 3 years accumulative fresh goods output 39825.27 ㎏/hm
2, dry product average yield 11147.1 ㎏/hm
2.(II) output is apparently higher than (I), and can continuous cropping, and (I) produces two all after dates and must change crops, other crops of crop rotation.
Table 3 difference cultivation banksia rose Yield compari@unit: ㎏/h ㎡
In addition, the present invention adopts mulch film to carry out culture underglass at Aplotaxis auriculata the time of infertility.Emergence rate can be improved widely.Concrete: by plastic film mulching cultivation Aplotaxis auriculata, emergence rate can reach more than 90%, and the main root of life in 2 years reaches 20.36-42.71cm; Maximum root slightly reaches 3.37 ~ 5.40cm; Drying rate reaches 31.60%-34.74%; Maximum output can reach 10032kg/hm2; Total ash is less than 4%, and acid insoluble ash is less than 2%.
What deserves to be explained is, it is on the hillside fields of more than 45 ° or tableland that Aplotaxis auriculata of the present invention is preferably planted in the gradient.Effectively can prevent damage by disease and insect like this.Concrete test proves as follows:
Divide the gradient 20 °, 30 °, more than 45 ° three kinds ground block types, carried out different extermination of disease and insect pest development test, result of the test shows:
(1) root rot: the banksia rose of the gradient more than 45 ° plot plantations is without root rot, and the gradient 20 ° of plot banksia rose root rot are serious, and the gradient 30 ° of plot banksia rose have slight root rot.Generally starting in plot at the beginning of 5 months, sprays root during morbidity with carbendazim 1000 times of liquid of 50% topsin, 1000 times of liquid or 50%.
(2) insect pest: be mainly aphid, three-spotted plusia, grasshopper cause harm cauline leaf.Prevention and controls: aphid 40% dimethoate emulsion, 1500 times of liquid every 7 days 1 time; Three-spotted plusia 90% chlorophos, 800 times of liquid; Grasshopper 7.5% derris extract, 800 times of liquid, every 7 days once, continuous 3-4 time.
According to above embodiment, just the present invention can well be realized.
Claims (6)
1. Aplotaxis auriculata " three methods " sequential cropping cultivation method, is characterized in that, comprises digging staying greatly little method, root of the tail to make kind of method, a self seed method;
Wherein, dig and stay greatly little method to be when excavating, cut out 3 years adult main roots, and Aplotaxis auriculata seedling does not dig, and allows it be planted in continued growth in ground as seed;
It is when excavating that root of the tail makes kind of a method, Aplotaxis auriculata root of the tail part is planted, and every nest plantation 1-2 strain, plants root and be spaced apart 5 ㎝;
Self seed method is when excavating, and Aplotaxis auriculata seed scatters naturally in ground, and Heavy snow covers, and namely can grow seedling after the spring in next year, then by spacing in the rows 25 ㎝, line-spacing 35 ㎝ thinning.
2. Aplotaxis auriculata according to claim 1 " three methods " sequential cropping cultivation method, is characterized in that, be 10-15 ㎝ for the Aplotaxis auriculata root of the tail length of planting, diameter is 1.4-1.6 ㎝; When planting, slant setting is in nest.
3. Aplotaxis auriculata according to claim 2 " three methods " sequential cropping cultivation method, is characterized in that, Aplotaxis auriculata root of the tail is 13-17 ° in the tilted angle of nest.
4. Aplotaxis auriculata " three methods " sequential cropping cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, is characterized in that, during Aplotaxis auriculata is the 10-11 month in period of excavating.
5. Aplotaxis auriculata according to claim 4 " three methods " sequential cropping cultivation method, is characterized in that, the plantation of described Aplotaxis auriculata is on the hillside fields of more than 45 ° or tableland in the gradient.
6. Aplotaxis auriculata according to claim 1 " three methods " sequential cropping cultivation method, is characterized in that, adopts mulch film to carry out culture underglass the time of infertility at Aplotaxis auriculata.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101785397A (en) * | 2010-03-08 | 2010-07-28 | 丽江华利生物开发药业有限公司 | High-quality and high-yield cultivation method for aucklandia lappa decne |
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| CN101884284A (en) * | 2010-07-06 | 2010-11-17 | 云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所 | Method for intercropping rhizoma bletillae and aplotaxis auriculata |
| CN102972180A (en) * | 2012-12-03 | 2013-03-20 | 重庆市中药研究院 | Autumn sowing planting method for radix aucklandiae in southwest high attitude area |
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2015
- 2015-11-09 CN CN201510754628.5A patent/CN105359783B/en active Active
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Address after: 636150, three rural streets, Xuanhan County, Dazhou, Sichuan Patentee after: Sichuan Longshen Chinese Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd. Address before: 636150, three rural streets, Xuanhan County, Dazhou, Sichuan Patentee before: Sichuan Longshen traditional Chinese Medicine Co.,Ltd. Address after: 636150, three rural streets, Xuanhan County, Dazhou, Sichuan Patentee after: Sichuan Longshen traditional Chinese Medicine Co.,Ltd. Address before: 636150, three rural streets, Xuanhan County, Dazhou, Sichuan Patentee before: XUANHAN LONGSEN CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINE PLANTING Co.,Ltd. |
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Denomination of invention: Cultivation method of Yunmuxiang three-way continuous cropping Effective date of registration: 20220824 Granted publication date: 20181002 Pledgee: Dazhou Bank Co.,Ltd. Xuanhan County Sub branch Pledgor: Sichuan Longshen Chinese Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2022510000252 |
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Granted publication date: 20181002 Pledgee: Dazhou Bank Co.,Ltd. Xuanhan County Sub branch Pledgor: Sichuan Longshen Chinese Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2022510000252 |
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