CN109997642B

CN109997642B - Astragalus membranaceus transplanting planting method for ridging and vertical planting

Info

Publication number: CN109997642B
Application number: CN201910309269.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邵长勇; 张丽丽; 李艳; 梁凤臣; 张晓明; 张烨; 梁超; 邵龙; 邵希言; 唐欣; 石家兆; 刘雅琳
Original assignee: Shandong Harvesting And Cultivating Seeds Research Institute; Shandong Xiannong Seed Research Center; Shandong Seed Co ltd
Current assignee: Shandong Harvesting And Cultivating Seeds Research Institute; Shandong Xiannong Seed Research Center; Shandong Seed Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-04-17
Filing date: 2019-04-17
Publication date: 2022-08-30
Anticipated expiration: 2039-04-17
Also published as: CN109997642A

Abstract

The invention relates to a radix astragali transplanting and planting method for ridging and vertical planting, which comprises the following steps: manufacturing a nutrition pot, raising seedlings in a greenhouse, ridging, transplanting, planting and harvesting. The invention can obtain the astragalus root with excellent quality by utilizing the direct planting and the matched planting method, the astragalus root has thick strips, less wrinkles, white yellow cross section, enough powder, sweet taste and higher content of astragaloside IV than the horizontal planting mode; the land utilization index is reduced (only one year land is used, the seedling culture process is carried out in a greenhouse, the density is high, and the land occupation is small); the labor intensity is reduced; the operation method is simple, low in cost, universal and easy for large-scale production.

Description

Astragalus transplanting planting method for ridging and vertical planting

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of astragalus membranaceus planting, and particularly relates to a method for transplanting and planting astragalus membranaceus by ridging and vertical planting.

Background

The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.

Astragalus membranaceus, also known as astragalus membranaceus. Perennial herbs with a height of 50-100 cm. The main root is thick, woody, branched and grey-white. The stem is upright, the upper part is multi-branched, and the stem has fine edges and is white and soft. Perennial herbs with a height of 50-100 cm. Produced in inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Gansu, Heilongjiang, etc.

The astragalus root has been used for more than 2000 years, and has the functions of enhancing the immunologic function of organisms, protecting the liver, promoting urination, resisting aging, stress and blood pressure and wider antibacterial action; can also eliminate albuminuria caused by experimental nephritis, enhance myocardial contraction force, and regulate blood sugar content. Radix astragali can not only dilate coronary artery, improve myocardial blood supply, and enhance immunity, but also delay cell aging process.

At present, the planting of astragalus mainly comprises seedling raising, bed changing, field management and the like. During transplanting, the annual seedling roots are laid in a ditch about 7 cm, and then soil is covered and leveled (as shown in figure 1). The seedling root is kept flat, so that the seedling is convenient to lift, and the growth of the root is not influenced. Otherwise, the seedling rootstock of the biennial seedling is 80 cm long, the seedling needs to be dug to 80 cm deep during seedling lifting, the seedling lifting difficulty is increased, time and labor are wasted, the seedling lifting cost is correspondingly increased, and the economic benefit is reduced. Therefore, the horizontal loading is better than the direct loading, and the current astragalus planting also adopts a horizontal planting method.

However, the inventor finds that: the growth condition of the nursery stock in the traditional flat-loading method is influenced by flat-loading, and the optimal growth state of the astragalus is difficult to achieve. In addition, the seedling lifting of the annual seedlings needs a large amount of manpower and material resources, the transportation cost is high, the loss is large, and the total cost is high.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the problems, the invention provides a transplanting and planting method for astragalus membranaceus by seedling raising, ridging and vertical planting in a greenhouse. The astragalus root with excellent quality can be obtained by utilizing direct planting and a matched planting machine, and has the advantages of thick root strips, long straight roots, few fibrous roots, few wrinkles, yellow and white sections, enough powder, sweet taste and higher content of astragaloside compared with the astragalus root cultured in a transverse planting mode.

In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a method for transplanting and planting astragalus membranaceus by ridging and vertical planting comprises the following steps:

manufacturing a nutrition pot, raising seedlings in a greenhouse, ridging, transplanting, planting, managing in the field and harvesting.

Manufacturing a nutrition pot: the radix astragali product is at the root, and the root needs to be long enough during seedling culture, so that the requirement of radix astragali seedling culture is met, and the length of the radix astragali seedling culture nutrition pot is 20cm, and the diameter is 35mm (as shown in figure 2).

2. Greenhouse seedling raising

The manufactured nutrition pot is placed in a special box, or a seedbed groove can be dug firstly, wherein the width of the seedbed groove is 1-1.1 m, the length of the seedbed groove is 10-15 m, and the depth of the seedbed groove is about 0.2 m. Cutting the non-woven fabrics into sections, placing the non-woven fabrics in a seedbed for seeding, arranging the nutrition bowls in a bed groove in an orderly manner one by one, and covering soil around the furrow (as shown in figure 3). 3-4 seeds are put in each pot, and the seedlings in the seedling pot have the advantages of good growth vigor, no damage to roots during transplanting, no limitation of the transplanting period and the like. Generally, the seedling raising period is about 30-40 days, and the seedlings are about 15cm high, and then field planting can be carried out (as shown in figure 4).

The astragalus root seedling raising can prolong and advance the growth period, and can fully utilize the growth season that the seedling raising is carried out in a protected area, so that the seedling raising is not limited by the late frost period, and the seedling raising can be sowed in advance, thereby prolonging the growth period of the astragalus root and advancing the heat period. The centralized seedling raising is beneficial to the centralized seedling raising in the strong seedling bed, occupies small area, is convenient to manage, is beneficial to artificially controlling microclimate, adjusting temperature and humidity, enhancing fertilizer and water management and preventing and controlling diseases and pests, and is very beneficial to the growth of seedlings. The method has the advantages that the seedlings in the field are ensured to be neat and uniform, measures such as nutrition pot seedling raising and the like for protecting the root system are taken, field planting is convenient, the survival rate is high, one-time seedling leveling can be realized, the melon seedlings grow fast after field planting, the seedling revival period is avoided, and a large amount of field seedling protection management is saved. Superior conditions in the seedbed can be saved, the seed planting rate is high, a large amount of seeds can be saved, and the seedlings are uniform and strong.

3. Ridging

Land preparation is generally carried out before and after 20 days before transplantation by combining base fertilizer application for ridging, 1500-3000 kg of organic manure, 25-40 kg of phosphatic fertilizer and 25-40 kg of humic acid nitro fertilizer are generally applied to each mu of land, and the base fertilizer is applied to ensure that seedlings are quickly, orderly and robust. The fertilizer is required to be uniformly applied, harpened and harrowed flat, soil is deeply loosened and ridged by using a stubble (rotary tillage) subsoiling ridger or the soil is deeply ridged by using a small four-wheel suspension chiseling subsoiler, furrowing and soil dividing can be performed firstly according to the row spacing (165cm), then the soil is supported to form ridges, one-time ridge forming is achieved as far as possible, the inner part of the ridge body is loose, and the surface soil is finely crushed and uniform. The width of the ridge body is 165cm, the height of the ridge is more than 35cm, and the width of the ridge top is 115cm, so that the land is saved, and the land utilization rate is improved. The aerial part is 35cm, which is beneficial to mechanized harvesting (as shown in figure 5).

On the other hand, the studies have occasionally found that: in the existing branches of various trees, a certain amount of caragana microphylla branch powder is added into a base fertilizer to be matched with a humic acid nitro-fertilizer, so that the astragaloside content of astragalus membranaceus can be effectively improved, the drought resistance of caragana microphylla is matched with the characteristics of fertilizer storage and fertilizer retention of the humic acid nitro-fertilizer, the effect of improving the astragaloside content of astragalus membranaceus is obviously better than that of branches of other varieties, and the resource utilization of the caragana microphylla in the northwest desertification area of China is realized.

In some embodiments, in order to ensure the effect of promoting astragaloside after the caragana microphylla branch powder and the humic acid nitro-fertilizer are compounded, the addition amount of the caragana microphylla branch powder is 5-10 kg, and the particle size is 1-3 mm.

4. Transplanting and field planting

Transplanting by using a transplanter, and cultivating 8 rows on ridges, wherein the row spacing of the plants is 15cm multiplied by 15cm, so as to improve the land utilization rate. As shown in fig. 5.

5. Harvesting

The above-ground part is 35cm, the underground part is 35cm, the total harvest length is 70cm, and the whole roots can be harvested. As shown in fig. 6.

The invention has the technical effects that: (1) is beneficial to mechanized harvest; (2) the nature of the geotropic growth of the plant is recovered, and the root system growth is facilitated; (3) the straight root is long; (4) the yield is high; (5) the content of astragaloside IV is high; (6) the greenhouse seedling culture only occupies one year of land, so that the land is saved; (7) the annual seedlings do not need to be lifted manually, so that the labor intensity is reduced, the cost is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved.

The invention also has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the invention can obtain the astragalus root with excellent quality by utilizing a direct-carrying and matched planting machine, and the astragalus root has thick root strips, less wrinkles, white cross section, enough powder and sweet taste, and has higher content of astragaloside than the astragaloside cultivated by horizontal planting.

(2) The land utilization index is reduced (only one year land is used, the seedling culture process is carried out in a greenhouse, the density is high, and the land is not occupied).

(3) The fertilizer application efficiency is improved by improving the base fertilizer, and the yield of the astragalus and the content of astragaloside are improved.

(4) The labor intensity is reduced;

(5) the operation method is simple, low in cost, universal and easy for large-scale production.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a traditional transplanting and planting technique of Astragalus;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a block diagram of the exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of a nutrition pot in example 1;

FIG. 4 is a seedling of Astragalus membranaceus to be transplanted according to example 1;

FIG. 5 is a view of the planting of Astragalus membranaceus in example 1.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of ridge cultivation of Astragalus membranaceus according to example 1.

Detailed Description

It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.

It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

As introduced in the background art, the method aims at the problem that the growth condition of astragalus seedlings is influenced by flat placement and the optimal growth state of astragalus is difficult to achieve by the current flat-loading method. Therefore, the invention provides a radix astragali transplanting and planting method for ridging and vertical planting, which comprises the following steps: manufacturing a nutrition pot, raising seedlings in a greenhouse, ridging, transplanting, planting and harvesting.

In the following examples, the preparation method of caragana microphylla branch powder comprises: cutting the caragana microphylla branches into 8-12 cm, putting into a pulverizer to pulverize, and sieving to retain caragana microphylla branch powder with the particle size of 1-3 mm.

The humic acid nitrate-based fertilizer is a humic acid controlled release fertilizer (the proportion of N-P-K is 26-6-8) for rural areas, and Lu agricultural fertilizer (2017) No. 0133, and can be purchased from Shandong agricultural fertilizer industry science and technology Limited.

Example 1:

a radix astragali transplanting planting method for ridging and vertical planting comprises the following steps:

manufacturing a nutrition pot, raising seedlings in a greenhouse, ridging, transplanting, planting and harvesting.

The method comprises the following specific steps:

1. the nutrition pot is made, because the astragalus root product is at the root, the root needs to be long enough during the seedling raising, the requirement of the astragalus root seedling raising is met, the length of the nutrition pot is 20cm, and the diameter is 35mm (as shown in figure 2).

2. Greenhouse seedling raising

The seedling pot is placed in a special box, and a seedling bed groove can be dug firstly, wherein the width of the seedling bed groove is 1-1.1 m, the length of the seedling bed groove is 10-15 m, and the depth of the seedling bed groove is about 0.2 m. Cutting the non-woven fabrics into sections, placing the non-woven fabrics in a seedbed for seeding, arranging the nutrition bowls in a bed groove in an orderly manner one by one, and covering soil around the furrow (as shown in figure 3). 3-4 seeds are put in each pot, and the seedlings in the seedling pot have the advantages of good growth vigor, no damage to roots during transplanting, no limitation of the transplanting period and the like. Generally, the seedling raising period is about 30-40 days, and the seedlings are about 15cm high, and then field planting can be carried out (as shown in figure 4).

3. Ridging

The land preparation is generally combined with base fertilizer fertilization for ridging before and after 20 days before transplantation, generally 1500-3000 kg of organic manure, 30-40 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 25-40 kg of humic acid nitro-fertilizer are applied to each mu, and seedling emergence can be rapidly, neatly and robustly realized by applying the organic manure, the phosphate fertilizer and the humic acid nitro-fertilizer. The fertilizer is required to be uniformly applied, harpened and harrowed flat, soil is deeply loosened and ridged by using a stubble (rotary tillage) subsoiling ridger or the soil is deeply ridged by using a small four-wheel suspension chiseling subsoiler, furrowing and soil dividing can be performed firstly according to the row spacing (165cm), then the soil is supported to form ridges, one-time ridge forming is achieved as far as possible, the inner part of the ridge body is loose, and the surface soil is finely crushed and uniform. The width of the ridge body is 165cm, the height of the ridge is more than 35cm, the width of the ridge top is 115cm, the land is saved, and the land utilization rate is improved. The aerial part is 35cm, which is beneficial to mechanized harvesting (as shown in figure 5).

4. Transplanting and field planting

Transplanting by using a transplanter, planting 8 rows on the ridges, and planting row spacing of 15cm × 15cm to improve the land utilization rate, as shown in fig. 6.

5. Harvesting

The above-ground part is 35cm, the underground part is 35cm, the total harvest length is 70cm, and the whole roots can be harvested.

Example 2

The cultivation method is the same as the embodiment 1, except that the traditional flat cultivation method is adopted, and the base fertilizer comprises 2000 kg of organic manure, 25 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 25 kg of humic acid and nitrate base fertilizer. Wherein, the growth condition of the astragalus root is as follows: density 18000-: 470-550Kg, first-grade yield: 27.5-29.6%, astragaloside IV: 0.022-0.036%.

Example 3:

the cultivation method is the same as that of example 1, except that the base fertilizer comprises 2000 kg of organic manure, 25 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 25 kg of humic acid nitrate base fertilizer. Wherein, the growth condition of the astragalus root is as follows: density 21000-: 680 and 750Kg, the first-grade yield: 35.2% -40.3%, astragaloside IV: 0.070-0.085%

Example 4:

the cultivation method is the same as the embodiment 1, except that the traditional flat cultivation method is adopted, and the base fertilizer comprises 2000 kg of organic manure, 30kg of phosphate fertilizer and 30kg of humic acid nitro-fertilizer. Wherein, the growth condition of the astragalus root is as follows: density 18000-: 550-600Kg, first-grade yield: 27.5-29.6%, astragaloside IV: 0.028-0.045%.

Example 5:

the cultivation method is the same as that in example 1, except that 2000 kg of organic manure, 30kg of phosphate fertilizer and 30kg of humic acid nitro-fertilizer are used as base fertilizers. Wherein, the growth condition of the astragalus root is as follows: density 21000-: 740 and 800Kg, first grade yield: 35.2% -40.3%, astragaloside: 0.078-0.089%.

Example 6

The cultivation method is the same as the embodiment 1, except that the traditional flat cultivation method is adopted, and the base fertilizer comprises 2000 kg of organic manure, 35 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 35 kg of humic acid and nitrate base fertilizer. Wherein, the growth condition of the astragalus root is as follows: density 18000-: 560-630Kg, first grade yield: 27.5-29.6%, astragaloside: 0.042-0.059%.

Example 7

The cultivation method is the same as that in example 1, except that 2000 kg of organic manure, 35 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 35 kg of humic acid and nitro-based fertilizer are used as base fertilizers. Wherein, the growth condition of the astragalus root is as follows: density 21000-: 780-820Kg, first-grade yield: 35.2% -40.3%, astragaloside IV: 0.089-0.095%.

Example 8

The cultivation method is the same as the embodiment 1, except that the traditional flat cultivation method is adopted, and the base fertilizer comprises 2000 kg of organic manure, 40kg of phosphate fertilizer and 40kg of humic acid nitro-fertilizer. Wherein, the growth condition of the astragalus root is as follows: density 18000-: 550-650Kg, first grade yield: 27.5-29.6%, astragaloside IV: 0.048-0.059%.

Example 9

The cultivation method is the same as that in example 1, except that 2000 kg of organic manure, 40kg of phosphate fertilizer and 40kg of humic acid nitro-fertilizer are used as base fertilizer. Wherein, the growth condition of the astragalus root is as follows: density 21000-: 790-8400Kg, first-grade yield: 35.2% -40.3%, astragaloside IV: 0.090-0.102%.

Example 10

The cultivation method is the same as the embodiment 1, except that the base fertilizer comprises 2000 kg of organic manure, 40kg of phosphate fertilizer, 40kg of humic acid nitro-fertilizer, 20kg of caragana microphylla branch powder, and the grain size is 1-3 mm. Wherein, the growth condition of the astragalus root is as follows: density 21000-: 795 and 849Kg, the first-grade yield: 36.2% -40.8%, astragaloside IV: 0.097-0.112%.

Example 11

The cultivation method is the same as the embodiment 1, except that the base fertilizer comprises 2000 kg of organic manure, 40kg of phosphate fertilizer, 40kg of humic acid nitro-fertilizer, 10 kg of caragana microphylla branch powder, and the grain size is 1-3 mm. Wherein, the growth condition of the astragalus root is as follows: density 21000-: 792-845Kg, first-grade product rate: 35.3% -40.2%, astragaloside: 0.095-0.109%.

Example 12

The cultivation method is the same as that in example 1, except that the base fertilizer comprises 2000 kg of organic manure, 40kg of phosphate fertilizer, 40kg of humic acid nitro fertilizer and 5kg of caragana microphylla branch powder, and the particle size is 1-3 mm. Wherein, the growth condition of the astragalus root is as follows: density 21000-: 790 and 840Kg, and first-grade yield: 34.9% -39.7%, astragaloside IV: 0.092-0.105%.

It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents can be made in the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A radix astragali transplanting planting method for ridging and vertical planting is characterized by comprising the following steps: manufacturing a nutrition pot, raising seedlings in a greenhouse, ridging, transplanting, planting and harvesting;

the transplanting and fixed planting adopts a direct planting method;

the seedling raising nutrition pot is 18-20 cm in length and 25-35 mm in diameter;

the seedling raising steps are as follows: placing the seedling raising nutrition pots into a special box or digging a seedling bed groove, wherein the width of the bed groove is 1-1.1 m, the length of the bed groove is 10-15 m, and the depth of the bed groove is 0.2-0.22 m; cutting the non-woven fabric into sections, placing the sections in a seedbed for seeding, arranging the nutrition bowls in a bed groove one by one in an adjacent and orderly manner, and covering soil around the furrows; putting 3-4 seeds in each pot, generally planting the seeds in a seedling stage of 30-40 days at a height of 15-16 cm;

performing soil preparation before and after 20 days before transplantation, combining base fertilizer application, and ridging, wherein 1500-3000 kg of organic animal manure, 25-40 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 25-40 kg of grass yellow humic acid nitrate base fertilizer and 5-10 kg of caragana microphylla branch powder are applied to each mu;

transplanting is carried out by a transplanter, 8 rows are planted on the ridges, the row spacing is 15cm multiplied by 15cm, and the land utilization rate is improved; wherein the insertion depth is 20 cm;

in the mechanized harvesting process, the overground part is 35cm, the underground part is 35cm, and the total harvesting length is 70 cm.

2. The method for transplanting astragalus membranaceus for ridging and vertical planting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific method for ridging comprises the following steps: uniformly fertilizing, harrowing and leveling, deeply loosening and ridging soil or deeply ridging by using a stubble-cleaning subsoiling ridger through a small four-wheel suspension chiseling type subsoiler, firstly ditching and separating soil according to row spacing, then supporting the soil to form ridges, forming the ridges once as much as possible, loosening the interior of the ridge body, and finely crushing and uniformly crushing surface soil; the width of the ridge body is 165cm, the height of the ridge is more than 35cm, and the width of the ridge top is 115 cm; aerial parts 35 cm.