CN101668828A - 石蜡抑制剂配制物的制备及应用 - Google Patents
石蜡抑制剂配制物的制备及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101668828A CN101668828A CN200880011861A CN200880011861A CN101668828A CN 101668828 A CN101668828 A CN 101668828A CN 200880011861 A CN200880011861 A CN 200880011861A CN 200880011861 A CN200880011861 A CN 200880011861A CN 101668828 A CN101668828 A CN 101668828A
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- water
- paraffin inhibitor
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
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- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4a-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,4b,5,6,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical class C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种制备石蜡抑制剂配制物的方法，其包括下列步骤：(a)在第一温度范围内的温度下获得包含下列组分的混合物：(i)熔点＞0℃的蜡质石蜡抑制剂组分、(ii)乳化剂组分以及(iii)任选的水，所述的第一温度范围高于组分(i)的熔点，并且任选存在的水提供了w/o乳液，且水的重量比例低于组分(i)和(ii)的重量比例之和；(b)在混合物中添加水，其中水添加完成后得到o/w乳液；(c)将来自步骤(b)的o/w乳液冷却至处于第二温度范围内的温度，所述第二温度范围低于组分(i)的熔点；以及(d)任选地，添加至少部分水可混溶的有机溶剂组分(iv)，石蜡抑制剂组分不溶于该有机溶剂组分。本发明进一步涉及通过所述制备方法得到的配制物，以及它们用于原油或原油残液的石蜡抑制/倾点下降的用途。
Description
本发明涉及石蜡抑制剂配制物、其制备方法、其应用以及在所述配制物帮助下用于石蜡抑制/倾点下降的工艺。
在油的生产过程中，温度和压力的改变导致作为原油和原油残液组分的石蜡分子结晶。由于这种结晶过程，这些石蜡会在生产井、传送探针、管道或诸如储藏罐的生产车间组件中沉积，这对采油和油储藏或运输中的产率可能是不利的。
而且，当温度降低到低于倾点时，石蜡分子的结晶导致原油的固化。在这种情况下，油无法再进行运输，导致油的生产出现停顿。
为了防止这样的石蜡沉积或油的固化，一般在相应的体系中加入石蜡抑制剂或倾点下降剂。通常，石蜡抑制剂和倾点下降剂由具有蜡质粘稠度的聚合物结构组成。即使将蜡质产品与有机溶剂混合后，所得混合物在低温下仍具有蜡质粘稠度。这也适于石蜡抑制剂或倾点下降剂的稀释溶液。
这些蜡质产品可通过不同方式进行应用。
一种可能是原位熔化这些蜡质产品，然后以熔融态计量加入原油流或油生产车间组件中。这种方法的缺点在于用于熔化和计量的复杂设备必须保持准备状态和进行维护。当诸如加热器的熔化装置失效时，不可能再对石蜡抑制剂或倾点下降剂进行计量，从而导致以上所述的问题。
作为选择，石蜡抑制剂可以溶解在溶剂中，然后以溶液形式提供最终产品。该过程在例如WO-A 00/32720中进行了描述。
然而，在这种情况下，石蜡抑制剂仅能以低浓度溶解，或这样的溶液具有非常高的粘度。尤其是在配制的聚合物不再可溶的低温下的情况，即，它们会沉淀出来或产品变为固体。
例如，对诸如俄罗斯的国家而言，必须满足产品即使在-50℃下也应当仍是液态和可计量的。
因此，需要包含石蜡抑制剂的合适配制物，所述石蜡抑制剂至少不具有部分上述缺点。
因而，本发明的一个目的是提供石蜡抑制剂配制物及其制备工艺，其至少部分地避免上述缺点。
该目的通过一种制备石蜡抑制剂配制物的工艺而实现，其包括下列步骤：
(a)在第一温度范围内的温度下获得包含下列组分的混合物：
i)熔点＞0℃的蜡质石蜡抑制剂组分；
ii)乳化剂组分，以及
iii)任选的水
所述第一温度范围高于组分(i)的熔点，并且如果存在水，则水提供w/o乳液，且水的重量比例低于组分(i)和(ii)的重量比例之和；
(b)在混合物中添加水，水添加完成后得到o/w乳液；
(c)将来自步骤(b)的o/w乳液冷却至处于第二温度范围内的温度，所述第二温度范围低于组分(i)的熔点；以及
(d)任选地，添加至少部分水混溶性的有机溶剂组分(iv)，石蜡抑制剂组分不溶于该有机溶剂组分。
所述目的还通过可由本发明制备工艺获得的石蜡抑制剂配制物来实现。
这是因为，已经发现，基于本发明的制备工艺，可以得到乳化剂组分促进的配制物，其包含具有精细和稳定分布的石蜡抑制剂组分。
通过这种方法，可以得到具有相对高含量石蜡抑制剂组分的石蜡抑制剂配制物，从而所述配制物能以节约空间的方式进行储存和运输，此外能够简单的计量加入。另外，可以避免相分离，从而提高储存稳定性。
采用的所述配制物的固含量可通过随后的水添加或通过至少部分水混溶性的有机溶剂组分(iv)的添加而单独确定，在所述有机溶剂组分(iv)中石蜡抑制剂组分不可溶。
进一步地，石蜡抑制剂或倾点下降剂配制物的倾点可通过添加有机溶剂组分(iv)而自调节，而且可保持倾点低至-50℃。
在本发明的上下文中，术语“抑制剂”或“抑制”理解为避免或至少减少油中石蜡晶体的形成和/或不希望的晶体排列和/或晶体形态。这减少或防止了石蜡的沉积或沉淀，或降低了倾点。
在本发明制备石蜡抑制剂配制物的工艺中，在步骤(a)中得到混合物，其包含：
(i)熔点＞0℃的蜡质石蜡抑制剂组分。
在本发明的上下文中，当石蜡抑制剂组分具有熔程时，也以简化的方式使用术语“熔点”，在这种情况下，所述组分完全以液态形式或完全以固态形式存在的范围的极限值构成本发明上下文中所述的熔点。
在本发明的上下文中，术语“蜡质”应理解为组分(i)具有蜡质性能。其特点特别是该物质或物质混合物熔化时不发生分解，具有相对低的粘度，以及其稠度和溶解度即使在熔点以上也具有很强的温度依赖性。这包括天然的、半合成的或合成的物质或物质混合物。然而在上下文中，狭义上的蜡不应理解为仅指这样的蜡。狭义上的蜡是指以高级脂肪酸和高级伯醇形成的酯为主要组分的物质混合物。
另外，石蜡抑制剂组分可以具有多种抑制剂，以致于可能有多个熔点和/或熔程。此时所述组分也应完全以液态(熔融态)或固态存在。
本发明所述的用于制备石蜡抑制剂配制物的工艺的步骤(a)中，所有熔点都必须高于0℃。
另外，本发明的混合物包含乳化剂组分(ii)，其可包括一种或多种乳化剂或表面活性剂。
最后，所述混合物还可包括水，在这种情况下，可以存在的水的重量比例低于组分(i)和(ii)的总重量比例。这样确保在本发明所述制备石蜡抑制剂配制物的工艺的步骤(b)中加入另外的水之前，先形成油包水(w/o)型乳液。
典型地，将所需量的水首先部分加入以得到乳液，在获得本发明制备石蜡抑制剂配制物的工艺的步骤(b)中的混合物后，加入剩余部分。
在本发明所述的制备石蜡抑制剂配制物的工艺的步骤(a)中，必要的是在执行步骤(b)之前使石蜡抑制剂组分以熔融状态存在。因而，为了获得乳液，必须选择高于石蜡抑制剂组分熔点的相应温度。
在本发明所述的制备石蜡抑制剂配制物的工艺的步骤(a)中，可例如通过以下方式得到混合物：首先加入部分水，然后再加入石蜡抑制剂组分(i)和乳化剂组分(ii)。然而，对本领域技术人员而言，很明显所述各步骤的另一次序也是适用的。
所需的温度可通过在添加组分(i)和(ii)之前和/或期间和/或之后进行简单加热而得到。温度不必保持恒定。
另外，配制物可包括其它的有利地以溶解形式存在的组分。同样地，这些组分可以在直到后面的步骤才添加。这些组分可以是原油生产中所需的活性成分，例如腐蚀抑制剂或阻垢剂。
在本发明所述的制备石蜡抑制剂配制物的工艺的步骤(b)中，将水加入混合物，在这种情况下在水完全加入后形成水包油(o/w)型乳液。在这方面，必须确保不出现沉淀。这可以通过加入具有所需温度的水来确保。
随后，在本发明所述的制备石蜡抑制剂配制物的工艺的步骤(c)中，将从步骤(b)得到的o/w型乳液冷却至第二温度范围的温度，所述温度范围低于组分(i)的熔点。
结果，石蜡抑制剂组分固化，以致其在配制物中作为极细分开的固体存在。
另外，在本发明所述的制备石蜡抑制剂配制物的工艺的步骤(d)中，可添加有机溶剂组分(iv)，该有机溶剂组分至少部分地能与水混溶，且石蜡抑制剂组分不溶于该有机溶剂组分(iv)。应当优选石蜡抑制剂组分在组分(iv)中的溶解度低于1重量％。这确保石蜡抑制剂组分仍然作为细分布的固体存在。
如此获得的石蜡抑制剂配制物因而包含至少一种石蜡抑制剂组分(i)、乳化剂组分(ii)、水以及如果适合的有机溶剂组分(iv)。
如上面所述，石蜡抑制剂配制物还可包含其它的有利地以溶解形式存在的组分。如果适合，可选择在配制物中的有机溶剂组分(iv)及其含量，以致所述其它物质在配制物中以溶解形式存在。
石蜡抑制剂组分(i)可以是现有技术中已知的石蜡抑制剂或其混合物。尤其地，聚合物石蜡抑制剂一般不是纯的单个化合物。相反，作为制备产物，它们通常是非常类似的单个化合物的混合物。
这样的抑制剂的例子是以乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、烯烃/马来酸或其酸酐或脂肪酸为基础的聚合物，其中脂肪酸已与脂肪醇或其胺反应得到酯、酰胺或酰亚胺。
石蜡抑制剂的其它例子已在D.Alvares等，Petroleum Science andTechnolgy 18(2000)，195-202和H.S.Ashbaugh等，Energy and Fuels 19(2005)，138-144中有描述。
特别优选的石蜡抑制剂是具有羧基的支链烃，该烃被直链石蜡醇或脂肪醇混合物部分或完全酯化。支链烃优选为C10-C40-α-烯烃与马来酸酐的共聚物，分子量为2-40kDa、优选5-30kDa。还优选C12-C30-α-烯烃，尤其是C20-C24烯烃。
直链石蜡醇优选为C10-C40醇或其混合物。更优选为C15-C30醇。
至少部分酯化的聚合物优选具有依赖于所用基本结构的酯化度。因而，聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯和包含马来酸酐的共聚物中的至少50％的羧基官能团被至少25％酯化是可取的。
除了抑制剂本身，石蜡抑制剂组分可包含其它组分。例如可以是溶剂。在这方面，特别是可使用有机的水混溶性溶剂，其还能部分地溶解所述抑制剂。在本发明的上下文中，仅须石蜡抑制剂组分具有以上列举的熔点或熔程。当石蜡抑制剂组分具有多种组分时，对乳液而言必须的是所有组分都以熔融态或溶解态存在，在该情况下所制备的配制物中至少石蜡抑制剂不以溶解态存在。
乳化剂组分(ii)可包括一种表面活性剂或多种表面活性剂(表面活性剂混合物)。
所用的表面活性剂可为阴离子、非离子、两性或阳离子的。也可使用所提到的表面活性剂的混合物。优选的配制剂包含非离子表面活性剂及其与其它表面活性剂的混合物。
有用的阴离子表面活性剂为硫酸盐、磺酸盐、羧酸盐、磷酸盐及其混合物。适合的阳离子为诸如钠或钾的碱金属，或诸如钙或镁的碱土金属，还可为铵、取代的铵化合物，包括单-、二-或三乙醇铵阳离子及其混合物。在阴离子表面活性剂中，优选烷基酯磺酸盐、烷基硫酸盐、烷基醚硫酸盐、烷基苯磺酸盐、仲链烷基磺酸盐和皂。以下将对其进行描述。
烷基酯磺酸盐包括利用气态SO3磺化C18-C20-羧酸(脂肪酸)所形成的直链酯，例如在“The Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society”52(1975)，p.323-329中所描述的。适合的原料为诸如牛脂、椰子油和棕榈油的天然脂肪，也可以为合成脂肪。优选的烷基酯磺酸盐为以下化学式的化合物
其中R1为C8-C20烃基，优选烷基，R为C1-C6烃基，优选烷基。M为与烷基酯磺酸根形成水溶性盐的阳离子。适合的阳离子为钠、钾、锂或铵阳离子，例如单乙醇胺、二乙醇胺和三乙醇胺。优选地，R1为C10-C16烷基，且R为甲基、乙基或异丙基。最优选其中R1为C10-C16烷基的甲基酯磺酸盐。
烷基硫酸盐为化学式ROSO3M表示的水溶性盐或酸，其中R为C10-C24烃基，优选为烷基或具有C10-C20烷基部分的羟基烷基，更优选为C12-C18-烷基或羟基烷基。M为氢或适合的阳离子，例如碱金属阳离子，优选钠、钾、锂的阳离子，或铵或取代的铵阳离子，优选甲基、二甲基和三甲基铵阳离子，或季铵阳离子，例如四甲基铵和二甲基哌啶鎓阳离子，以及从烷基胺诸如乙胺、二乙胺、三乙胺或其混合物衍生的季铵阳离子。
烷基醚硫酸盐为化学式RO(A)mSO3M表示的水溶性盐或酸，其中R为未取代的C10-C24-烷基或羟基烷基，优选C12-C20-烷基或羟基烷基，更优选C12-C18-烷基或羟基烷基。A为乙氧基或丙氧基单元，m为大于0的数值，优选在约0.5至约6之间，更优选在约0.5至约3之间，M为氢原子或阳离子，例如钠、钾、锂、钙、镁、铵或取代的铵阳离子，取代的铵阳离子的例子包括甲基-、二甲基-、三甲基铵和季铵阳离子，例如四甲基铵和二甲基哌啶鎓阳离子，以及从烷基胺诸如乙胺、二乙胺、三乙胺或其混合物衍生的季铵阳离子。其实例包括C12-C18脂肪醇醚硫酸盐，其中每摩尔脂肪醇醚硫酸盐中氧化乙烯单元的含量为1、2、2.5、3或4摩尔，并且M是钠或钾。
在仲链烷基磺酸盐中，烷基可为饱和或不饱和的，支链或直链的，并且可任选地被羟基取代。磺基可在碳链的任意位置，但位于碳链的起始端和末端处的伯甲基上没有任何磺酸基。优选的仲链烷基磺酸盐包含具有约9-25个碳原子、优选约10-约20个碳原子、更优选约13-17个碳原子的直链烷基链。阳离子为例如钠、钾、铵、单-、二-和三乙醇铵、钙或镁及其混合物。钠为优选的阳离子。
其它适合的阴离子表面活性剂为链烯基-或烷基苯磺酸盐。所述链烯基或烷基可为支链或直链的，并且可任选地被羟基取代。优选的烷基苯磺酸盐包含具有约9-25个碳原子、优选约10-约13个碳原子的直链烷基链，以及阳离子为钠、钾、铵、单-、二-和三乙醇铵、钙或镁及其混合物。
术语阴离子表面活性剂还包括烯烃磺酸盐，它是通过用三氧化硫磺化C12-C24-α-烯烃、优选C14-C16-α-烯烃、随后中和得到的。通过所述制备工艺，这些烯烃磺酸盐可包含相对较少的羟基链烷磺酸盐和链烷二磺酸盐。US-3332880中描述了α-烯烃磺酸盐的具体混合物。
进一步优选的阴离子表面活性剂为羧酸盐，例如脂肪酸皂和相当的表面活性剂。所述皂可为饱和或不饱和的，并且可包含诸如羟基或α-磺酸基的各种取代基。优选具有约6-30个碳原子的直链饱和或不饱和烃基作为憎水基，优选约10-18个碳原子。
其它有用的阴离子表面活性剂包括：酰基氨基羧酸盐；通过使脂肪酸氯化物与肌氨酸钠在碱性介质中反应得到的酰基肌氨酸盐；通过使脂肪酸氯化物与低聚肽反应得到的脂肪酸/蛋白质缩合物；烷基磺胺羧酸盐；烷基和烷基芳基醚羧酸盐；C8-C24烯烃磺酸盐；聚羧酸，例如GB1082179中所述的通过磺化碱金属柠檬酸盐的热解产物制得；烷基硫酸甘油酯；油烯基硫酸甘油酯；烷基酚醚硫酸盐；伯石蜡磺酸盐；烷基磷酸盐；烷基醚磷酸盐；诸如酰基羟乙基磺酸盐的羟乙基磺酸盐；N-酰基牛磺酰胺(N-acyltauride)；烷基琥珀酸盐；磺基琥珀酸盐；磺基琥珀酸单酯(特别是饱和和不饱和的C12-C18单酯)和磺基琥珀酸二酯(特别是饱和和不饱和的C12-C18二酯)；酰基肌氨酸盐；烷基多糖的硫酸盐，例如烷基聚糖苷的硫酸盐、支链伯烷基硫酸盐和诸如化学式RO(CH2CH2)kCH2COO-M+表示的烷基聚乙氧基羧酸盐，其中R为C8-C22烷基，k为0-10的数值，M为阳离子；树脂酸或氢化树脂酸，例如松香或氢化松香或妥尔油树脂和妥尔油树脂酸。其它例子在“Surface Active Agents and Detergents”(Vol.I和II，Schwartz，Perry和Berch)中有所描述。
有用的非离子表面活性剂的例子为下列化合物：
-烷基酚的聚氧化乙烯、聚氧化丙烯和聚氧化丁烯缩合物。
这些化合物包括具有可为直链或支链的C6-C20烷基的烷基酚与氧化烯形成的缩合物。优选所述化合物中，相对每摩尔烷基酚具有约5-25摩尔氧化链。
-脂族醇与约1-25摩尔氧化乙烯的缩合物。
所述脂族醇的烷基链可为直链或支链的，伯烷或仲烷，并且通常包含约8-22个碳原子。特别优选C10-C20醇以每摩尔醇与约1-25摩尔氧化乙烯反应的缩合物。所述的烷基链可为饱和或不饱和的。醇乙氧基化合物可具有氧化乙烯的窄同系分布(“窄范围乙氧基化合物”)或宽同系分布(“宽范围乙氧基化合物”)。
商业上可获得的这类非离子表面活性剂的例子为例如BASFAktiengesellschaft的
品牌。
特别优选C16-C18脂肪醇乙氧基化合物作为组分(ii)的成分。
也可以是：
-氧化乙烯与憎水基体的缩合物，该憎水基体由氧化丙烯和丙二醇缩合而成。
这些化合物的憎水结构部分优选具有约1500-1800的分子量。在该憎水结构部分中添加氧化乙烯提高了其水溶性。当聚氧乙烯含量占所述缩合物总重量的约50％时，产品为液体，这对应于与约40摩尔氧化乙烯的缩合。这类产品商业上可获得的例子为例如BASF Aktiengesellschaft的
品牌。
-氧化乙烯与氧化丙烯和乙二胺的反应产物形成的缩合产物。
这些化合物的憎水单元由乙二胺与过量氧化乙烯反应的产物组成，一般具有约2500-3000的分子量。在该憎水单元中加入氧化乙烯，直到产物含有约40-80重量％的聚氧乙烯并具有约5000-11000的分子量。这种化合物商业上可获得的例子为例如BASF Corp的
品牌。
-半极性非离子表面活性剂
这类非离子化合物包括水溶性氧化胺、水溶性氧化膦和水溶性亚砜，其均具有碳原子数为约10-约18的烷基。半极性非离子表面活性剂还可为以下化学式的氧化胺：
其中R为链长为约8-22个碳原子的烷基、羟基烷基或烷基酚基。R2为具有约2-3个碳原子的亚烷基或羟基亚烷基或其混合物，每个R1基团为具有约1-3个碳原子的烷基或羟基烷基或具有1-3个氧化乙烯单元的聚氧乙烯基，x为0-约10之间的数值。R1基团可通过氧或氮原子相连接，从而形成环。这类氧化胺特别为C10-C18-烷基二甲基氧化胺和C8-C12-烷氧基乙基二羟基乙基氧化胺。
-脂肪酸酰胺
脂肪酸酰胺具有以下化学式：
其中R为具有约7-21、优选约9-17个碳原子的烷基，R1分别独立地为氢、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4羟基烷基、或(C2H4O)xH，其中x在约1-3之间变化。优选为C8-C20酰胺、单乙醇酰胺、二乙醇酰胺和异丙醇酰胺。
其它适合的阴离子表面活性剂为烷基-和链烯基-低聚糖苷，还可为在脂肪烷基基团中具有8-20、优选12-18个碳原子的脂肪酸聚乙二醇酯或脂肪胺聚乙二醇酯，烷氧化三葡糖酰胺，混合醚或混合醛，烷基低聚糖苷，链烯基低聚糖苷，脂肪酸N-烷基葡糖酰胺，氧化膦，二烷基亚砜和蛋白质水解产物。
两性或两性离子的表面活性剂的代表例为烷基甜菜碱、烷基酰氨基甜菜碱、氨基丙酸盐、氨基甘氨酸盐或由以下化学式表示的两性咪唑啉鎓化合物：
其中R1为C8-C22烷基或C8-C22链烯基，R2为氢或CH2CO2M，R3为CH2CH2OH或CH2CH2OCH2CH2CO2M，R4为氢、CH2CH2OH或CH2CH2COOM，Z为CO2M或CH2CO2M，n为2或3，优选2，M为氢或阳离子，诸如碱金属、碱土金属、铵或烷醇铵阳离子。
优选的该化学式的两性表面活性剂为单羧酸盐和二羧酸盐。其例子为椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱(cocoamphodiproprionate)、椰油基酰胺丙基二甲基甘氨酸(cocoamphodiproprionic acid)、椰油酰两性基二乙酸盐(cocoamphocarboxyglycinate，也称作椰油酰两性基二乙酸盐(cocoamphodiacetate))和椰油酰两性基乙酸(cocoamphoacetate)。
进一步优选的两性表面活性剂为烷基具有约8-22个碳原子且可为直链或支链的烷基二甲基甜菜碱和烷基二聚乙氧基甜菜碱，优选烷基具有8-18个碳原子，以及更优选12-18个碳原子。
适合的阳离子表面活性剂为取代或未取代的、直链或支链的、R1N(CH3)3 +X-、R1R2N(CH3)2 +X-、R1R2R3N(CH3)+X-或R1R2R3R4N+X-型的季铵盐。所述的R1、R2、R3和R4基团分别独立地优选是链长为8-24个碳原子、特别是10-18个碳原子的未取代的烷基，具有1-4个碳原子的羟基烷基，苯基，C2-C18链烯基，C7-C24芳烷基，其中x为1-3的整数的(C2H4O)xH，包括一个或多个酯基的烷基，或环状季铵盐。X为本领域技术人员公知的合适阴离子。
有机溶剂组分(iv)可包括一种或多种有机溶剂，在该情况下这些溶剂的至少一种、但优选全部溶剂是至少部分水混溶性的。更优选地，在所需的浓度范围内完全与水混溶。
有机溶剂组分(iv)优选为一元醇或多元醇。组分(iv)中存在这种醇时至少是优选的。
一元醇或多元醇的例子为甲醇，乙醇，正丙醇，异丙醇，正丁醇，仲丁醇，异丁醇，叔丁醇；二醇，诸如乙二醇、丙二醇、双丙甘醇、甘油；聚亚烷基二醇，诸如聚乙二醇。特别优选的是甲醇和乙醇。更特别优选的是甲醇。
组分(i)的熔点优选在5℃-200℃内。
还优选10℃-100℃的范围。更优选30℃-80℃的范围，尤其优选40℃-60℃的范围。
因此，优选第一温度范围在高于10℃且低于250℃的范围内。更优选地，第一温度范围在高于30℃且低于200℃的范围内。更优选地，第一温度范围在高于50℃且低于150℃的范围内。尤其优选地，第一温度范围在高于60℃且低于100℃的范围内。
而且，优选第二温度范围在高于1℃且低于100℃的范围内。还优选地，第二温度范围在高于1℃且低于75℃的范围内。更优选地，第二温度范围在高于1℃且低于60℃的范围内。尤其优选地，第二温度范围在高于1℃且低于40℃的范围内。
最优选地，第二温度范围为室温。
然而，在第一和第二温度范围的选择上，必须确保所述石蜡抑制剂组分的熔点低于第一温度范围的温度，且高于第二温度范围的温度。如果满足这一条件，则无需在组分添加过程中保持恒温，尽管其是优选的。
在本发明所述的制备石蜡抑制剂配制物的工艺中，优选选择各种组分的比例以得到石蜡抑制剂配制物，其中，基于配制物的总重量计，组分(i)至(iv)按下列重量比例存在：
(i)石蜡抑制剂组分为10-70重量％，更优选为10-60重量％，进一步更优选为20-55重量％；
(ii)乳化剂组分为1-30重量％，更优选为1-20重量％，进一步更优选为1-10重量％；
(iii)水为1-89重量％，更优选为20-89重量％，进一步更优选为40-89重量％，尤其为45-80重量％；
(iv)溶剂组分为0-88重量％，更优选为1-80重量％，更优选为5-75重量％，进一步更优选为10-70重量％，尤其为20-60重量％。
本发明所述的制备石蜡抑制剂配制物的工艺的一个优点是该配制物中的石蜡抑制剂组分以精细分布的形式存在。该配制物中的石蜡抑制剂组分优选具有小于100μm的平均粒子直径。进一步更优选地，平均粒子直径小于10μm，尤其是小于1μm。尽管配制物粘度低，但低粒径避免了颗粒发生分离，即避免了漂浮和凝聚/聚结。
平均粒子直径的确定可通过现有技术中已知的测试方法进行。这可在例如光散射的辅助下进行。
本发明所述的制备石蜡抑制剂配制物的工艺中，步骤(a)至(d)在搅拌条件下进行是适当的。
在步骤(d)之前，进行pH调节可以同样是适当的。在这方面，碱性pH范围是优选的。
如此获得的本发明石蜡抑制剂配制物可以在油或油残液中以及在原油或原油残液的运输或储存中用作添加剂。
本发明的配制物尤其可以用于原油或原油残液的石蜡抑制/倾点下降工艺，该工艺包括以下步骤：
将本发明的配制物添加到原油或原油残液中，所述的原油或原油残液优选具有高于石蜡抑制剂组分熔点的温度。
这里优选的是将所述的配制物在添加之前加热到高于石蜡抑制剂组分熔点的温度。这可在例如流体加热器的辅助下进行。
实施例
制备过程：
首先，装入蜡、表面活性剂和1/3所需量的pH值经调节的水。将它们加热到85℃，并使用螺旋浆搅拌器(Janke & Kunkel IKA Werk RW20)在2000rpm下进行乳化。10分钟后，在85℃加入剩余的水，再将混合物搅拌5分钟。其后，在700rpm下将样品冷却至室温(但至少低于熔点)。接下来，检测pH值，如果需要的话进行调节。水相的pH值通过HCl或N，N-二甲基乙醇胺进行调节。
发现HLB值约为15的C16-C18脂肪醇乙氧基化物混合物是有用的表面活性剂体系。
所用的蜡为商业上可获得的Basoflux PI
其具有约50℃的熔点。
冷却后，粒径通过Beckman Coulter LS13 320 Laser DiffractionParticle Size分析仪确定。
得到如下结果：
| Basoflux PI 40的浓度 | ＜1μm的颗粒的X％ | ＜5μm的颗粒的X％ |
| 50体积％ | 49 | 100 |
储存试验：
在20℃和60℃下储存超过一个星期，粒径分布未发生任何改变。根据本发明制备的产品保持稳定。
当所述组分仅在升高的温度下乳化，并使用螺旋浆搅拌器按非本发明的工艺进行搅拌时，得到具有相对大颗粒的颗粒分布，这对稳定性是不利的。
Claims (15)
1.一种制备石蜡抑制剂配制物的方法，其包括下列步骤：
(a)在第一温度范围内的温度下获得包含下列组分的混合物：
(i)熔点＞0℃的蜡质石蜡抑制剂组分；
(ii)乳化剂组分，以及
(iii)任选的水，
所述第一温度范围高于组分(i)的熔点，并且如果存在水，则水提供w/o乳液，且水的重量比例低于组分(i)和(ii)的重量比例之和；
(b)在混合物中添加水，水添加完成后得到o/w乳液；
(c)将来自步骤(b)的o/w乳液冷却至处于第二温度范围内的温度，所述第二温度范围低于组分(i)的熔点；以及
(d)任选地，添加至少部分水混溶性的有机溶剂组分(iv)，石蜡抑制剂组分不溶于该有机溶剂组分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中组分(i)包括以乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、烯烃/马来酸或其酸酐或脂肪酸为基础的聚合物，其中脂肪酸已经与脂肪醇或其胺反应得到酯、酰胺或酰亚胺。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中组分(ii)包含非离子表面活性剂或表面活性剂混合物。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法，其中组分(iv)包含一元醇或多元醇。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的方法，其中组分(i)的熔点在5℃-200℃范围内。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的方法，其中第一温度范围在高于10℃且低于250℃的范围内。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的方法，其中第二温度范围在高于1℃且低于100℃的范围内。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法，其中，在每种情况下基于配制物的总重量计，所述石蜡抑制剂配制物包含下列重量比例的组分(i)至(iv)：
(i)10-70重量％的石蜡抑制剂组分；
(ii)1-30重量％的乳化剂组分；
(iii)1-89重量％的水；
(iv)0-88重量％的溶剂组分，其中水的重量比例高于组分(i)和(ii)的重量比例之和。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的方法，其中配制物中的石蜡抑制剂组分具有＜100μm的平均粒子直径。
10.根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的方法，其中步骤(a)至(d)在搅拌下进行。
11.根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的方法，其中pH调节是在步骤(d)之前进行。
12.从权利要求1-11中任一项所述的制备方法获得的石蜡抑制剂配制物。
13.根据权利要求12所述的配制物在石油领域和在原油或原油残液的运输或储存中作为添加剂的用途。
14.一种原油或原油残液的石蜡抑制/倾点下降方法，包括以下步骤：
-将权利要求12所述的配制物添加到原油或原油残液中。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法，其中将所述的配制物在添加之前加热到高于石蜡抑制剂组分熔点的温度。
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| GB2597199B (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2023-08-16 | Cameron Tech Ltd | Environmentally friendly flow improvers with improved formulation stability at low temperatures |
| US10961444B1 (en) | 2019-11-01 | 2021-03-30 | Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations Llc | Method of using coated composites containing delayed release agent in a well treatment operation |
| WO2022192852A1 (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2022-09-15 | Pilot Polymer Technologies, Inc. | Paraffin inhibitor formulations for oil and gas applications |
| AU2022333206A1 (en) | 2021-08-27 | 2024-04-11 | Basf Se | Aqueous dispersions of paraffin inhibitors |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2612757C3 (de) * | 1976-03-25 | 1980-11-27 | Chemische Fabriek Servo B.V., Delden (Niederlande) | Flüssige Mischung, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung |
| US4110283A (en) * | 1977-05-10 | 1978-08-29 | Chemische Fabriek Servo B.V. | Crystallization inhibitor for paraffin |
| US5851429A (en) * | 1996-04-08 | 1998-12-22 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Dispersions of waxy pour point depressants |
| US5858927A (en) * | 1996-08-29 | 1999-01-12 | Baker Hughes, Incorporated | Aqueous external crystal modifier dispersion |
| CA2290345A1 (en) * | 1997-05-14 | 1998-11-19 | Infineum Holdings Bv | Polymer compositions |
| FR2859211B1 (fr) * | 2003-08-28 | 2006-01-21 | Ceca Sa | Compositions sous forme d'emulsions stables, leurs preparations et leurs utilisation pour l'abaissement du point d'ecoulement des huiles brutes et l'inhibition du depot de paraffines |
-
2008
- 2008-04-10 RU RU2009141773/03A patent/RU2009141773A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-04-10 US US12/595,422 patent/US20100130385A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-04-10 CA CA002682144A patent/CA2682144A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-04-10 CN CN200880011861A patent/CN101668828A/zh active Pending
- 2008-04-10 EP EP08736064A patent/EP2137279A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-04-10 WO PCT/EP2008/054343 patent/WO2008125588A1/de active Application Filing
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105121937A (zh) * | 2012-12-28 | 2015-12-02 | 维尔萨利斯股份公司 | 用于减少与经受湍流流动的流体相关联的压力降的方法 |
| CN104357039A (zh) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-02-18 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种聚合物微球乳液驱油剂及其制备方法 |
| CN104357039B (zh) * | 2014-10-31 | 2018-09-18 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种聚合物微球乳液驱油剂及其制备方法 |
| CN106590583A (zh) * | 2015-10-20 | 2017-04-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 耐高矿化度排水采气用泡排剂组合物及其制备方法与应用 |
| CN106590563A (zh) * | 2015-10-20 | 2017-04-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 耐盐排水采气用泡排剂组合物及其制备方法与应用 |
| CN106590568A (zh) * | 2015-10-20 | 2017-04-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 耐矿化度排水采气用泡排剂组合物及其制备方法与应用 |
| US11193053B2 (en) | 2017-04-13 | 2021-12-07 | Bl Technologies, Inc. | Wax inhibitors for oil compositions and methods of using wax inhibitors to reduce wax deposition from oil |
| US11261369B2 (en) | 2017-04-13 | 2022-03-01 | Bl Technologies, Inc. | Maleic anhydride copolymer with broadly dispersed ester side chain as wax inhibitor and wax crystallization enhancer |
| CN107987818A (zh) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-05-04 | 克拉玛依新科澳石油天然气技术股份有限公司 | 油基清蜡剂及其制备方法 |
| CN115466607A (zh) * | 2021-06-10 | 2022-12-13 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 微乳液清防蜡剂及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN115466607B (zh) * | 2021-06-10 | 2023-07-04 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 微乳液清防蜡剂及其制备方法和应用 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2008125588A1 (de) | 2008-10-23 |
| EP2137279A1 (de) | 2009-12-30 |
| RU2009141773A (ru) | 2011-05-20 |
| CA2682144A1 (en) | 2008-10-23 |
| US20100130385A1 (en) | 2010-05-27 |
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