WO2023193490A1 - Orchard precipitation harvesting, permeation promotion, soil moisture conservation and carbon increase method and system, and orchard intelligent irrigation complementing system using system - Google Patents

Orchard precipitation harvesting, permeation promotion, soil moisture conservation and carbon increase method and system, and orchard intelligent irrigation complementing system using system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023193490A1
WO2023193490A1 PCT/CN2022/143972 CN2022143972W WO2023193490A1 WO 2023193490 A1 WO2023193490 A1 WO 2023193490A1 CN 2022143972 W CN2022143972 W CN 2022143972W WO 2023193490 A1 WO2023193490 A1 WO 2023193490A1
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Prior art keywords
orchard
promoting
pipe
water
rain collecting
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PCT/CN2022/143972
Other languages
French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
宋小林
赵西宁
马锋旺
高晓东
蔡耀辉
石雨峰
张宇飞
倪文乐
李昌见
邹养军
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西北农林科技大学
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Publication of WO2023193490A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023193490A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
    • A01G25/023—Dispensing fittings for drip irrigation, e.g. drippers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/16—Control of watering
    • A01G25/167—Control by humidity of the soil itself or of devices simulating soil or of the atmosphere; Soil humidity sensors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
    • C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
    • E03B3/02—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from rain-water
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/108—Rainwater harvesting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of forestry engineering. Specifically, it relates to a method and system for collecting precipitation in an orchard to promote infiltration, preserving moisture, and increasing carbon, and an intelligent supplementary irrigation system for the orchard. In particular, it relates to a method and system for collecting precipitation to promote infiltration in a mountainous dwarfed densely planted orchard. Methods and systems for maintaining moisture and increasing carbon, and intelligent supplementary irrigation systems for orchards. .
  • the Loess Plateau is a world apple eugenics area recognized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and is also the world's largest concentrated contiguous apple planting area. As of 2021, the national apple planting area is expected to be 31.3212 million acres, and only the planting area in the Loess Plateau advantageous areas is expected to reach 18.3042 million acres. Apple planting has become the leading industry in regional economic development. However, with the further expansion of planting scale and the increase of planting years, existing apple orchards are facing seasonal drought and water shortage, poor soil water storage and moisture retention capacity, and poor soil, which have led to low yield, low quality, and ecological vulnerability of dry-fed orchards in the Loess Plateau. the main obstacles.
  • Atmospheric precipitation is the main source of soil moisture replenishment in this area.
  • Realizing on-site storage, infiltration and utilization of rainfall and strengthening the regulation and utilization of soil moisture are effective ways to solve the problem of drought and water shortage in this area and promote the development of agriculture in arid areas.
  • Intensive and large-scale orchards have the conditions to implement water-saving irrigation measures. If natural precipitation is fully utilized and the fruit trees are irrigated at a fixed rate according to the water habitat conditions in the root zone of the fruit trees and the water demand characteristics of the fruit trees in each growth period, it will be achieved.
  • the advantages of efficient conversion and utilization of precipitation resources and water saving in dry farming are superimposed to achieve the effect of "1+1>2".
  • Agricultural organic waste is a valuable biomass resource that improves soil quality.
  • the Chinese utility model patent publication number is CN209162931U, which discloses an orchard rainwater recovery and storage system. , including: water collection tank, water supply pipeline and multiple drainage ditches. The drainage ditch is laid in the orchard, and the drainage channel is connected to the water collection tank through the water supply pipeline.
  • This utility model patented technology only uses rainwater collection trenches to collect rainwater, realizing the storage and recycling of rainwater in small orchards. The principle is the same as the rainwater collection cellar, but it does not achieve the purpose of in-situ storage, infiltration and utilization of precipitation.
  • the implementation of this utility model patented technology in intensive orchards requires the excavation of many pits to store water collection tanks, and the project scale, destructiveness and financial investment are relatively large.
  • the water storage and moisture conservation capacity of the soil is insufficiently developed, and the role of local agricultural organic solid waste resource utilization and organic fertilizers in improving the soil's water retention and infiltration promoting capacity are not fully utilized.
  • the Chinese invention patent publication number is CN104145557A, which discloses a rainwater collection and moisture conservation method for apple trees in dryland, including: fertilization and soil preparation, rowing and ridge mulching or whole garden mulching, excavation of rainwater collection trenches, rainwater collection trenches
  • the characteristics of grass mulching in the inner and between rows are: before fertilization and land preparation, it also includes soil treatment.
  • the Chinese invention patent publication number is CN102656987B, which discloses a method of using biogas slurry to replenish water and fertilizer in orchards.
  • This method uses biogas slurry produced by biogas projects to soak water storage and fertilizer conservation materials, and soaks the biogas slurry with enough storage material.
  • the water-retaining fertilizer materials are buried in the fruit tree root enrichment area, and the biogas slurry is irrigated in a timely manner, which has the effect of storing fertilizer water in the hole and slowly supplying water and fertilizer.
  • the Chinese utility model patent publication number is CN202663896U, which discloses a mobile drip irrigation machine, which includes a water storage device, a mobile head and a drip irrigation main body.
  • the water storage device, the mobile head and the drip irrigation main body are connected in a sealed manner in sequence.
  • This utility model patented technology is mainly used for drip irrigation operations in areas where there is no fixed water source in the fields.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and system for collecting orchard precipitation, promoting infiltration, preserving moisture, and increasing carbon, and an orchard intelligent supplementary irrigation system.
  • the method includes the following steps: S1, perform land leveling and determine the excavation positions of rainwater collection ditches on both sides of the rows of fruit trees;
  • lay the organic material filling layer in the ridge lay 3 to 10cm thick organic material on the land between the preset rainwater collection ditches on both sides of the fruit tree row, and evenly spray 1%-2 on the organic material % lime water solution and then left to air for 0.5 to 1 hour, and then exposed to the sun for 3 to 5 hours, and finally sprayed with mixed bacterial liquid to form an organic material filling layer in the ridge.
  • the organic matter in the organic material filling layer in the ridge is crushed straw. One or more mixtures of substances, crushed branches, sawdust, and medicinal residues;
  • step S3 Open a rain collecting ditch: Use a machine-driven trenching machine to excavate a trench at the position determined in step S1 to form the rain collecting ditch with a preset depth and width, and compact the bottom of the rain collecting ditch. , turn over the excavated earth on the organic material filling layer in the ridge, and form a mutually parallel rain collecting ditch on both sides of each row of fruit trees;
  • filling fermentation filler fill fermentation filler in the diversion shaft, and the fermentation filler is bundles of fruit tree branches or bundles of corn straw sprayed with mixed bacterial liquid;
  • Install blind tubes for promoting seepage and waterlogging Install blind tubes for promoting seepage and waterlogging in each rainwater collecting ditch in a spliced manner.
  • the blind tubes for promoting seepage and waterlogging are hollow cylinders. Some of the tubes of the blind tubes for promoting seepage and waterlogging are The body is embedded in the bottom of the rain collecting ditch, the part of the blind tube that promotes seepage and drainage and is in contact with the bottom of the rain collecting ditch has no pores, and the pipe body located above the bottom surface of the rain collecting ditch is provided with pores.
  • the blind pipe for promoting seepage and waterlogging is provided with a gap, the gap is located above the opening of the diversion shaft, and is used to discharge the water entering the body of the blind pipe for promoting seepage and waterlogging through the pore to the diversion shaft.
  • lay the water-retaining and penetration-promoting organic fermentation filling body lay the water-retaining and penetration-promoting organic fermentation filling body in each rainwater collecting ditch.
  • the water-retaining and penetration-promoting organic fermentation filling body includes a base layer and an organic fertilizer layered in sequence from bottom to top. layer, a mixed layer of medicine residue, sawdust and straw, an orchard soil layer and a straw layer, and the base layer is placed on the bottom of the rain collecting ditch;
  • the base layer uses fruit tree branches as a skeleton. After filling the fruit tree branches with sawdust, medicinal residues, dried livestock and poultry manure and garlic-scallion waste straw-leaf mixture, spray 1% to 2% lime water solution and let it dry for a preset time. time, and then spray the mixed bacterial solution to form;
  • the drug residue, sawdust and straw mixed layer is formed by evenly spraying a mixture of drug residue, sawdust and straw with 1%-2% lime aqueous solution and leaving it to dry for a preset time, and then evenly spraying the mixed bacterial solution;
  • the weight ratio of the mixed bacterial liquid components is: 15 to 20 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 30 to 45 parts of Aspergillus oryzae, and 5 to 10 parts of Bacillus coagulans.
  • the mixed bacterial liquid is used for organic Disinfection and fermentation of similar substances.
  • step S4 the diversion shafts are formed on both sides of each fruit tree, and the line connecting the center points of the diversion shafts on both sides of each fruit tree is perpendicular to the row of fruit trees.
  • step S7 the volume ratio of sawdust, medicinal residue, dried livestock and poultry manure and garlic-scallion waste straw-leaf mixture in the base layer is 4:2:3:1.
  • step S10 is also included: planting beneficial intercrops between adjacent fruit tree rows in a drill or broadcast manner, and the beneficial intercrops are wheat, rape, soybeans, mustard, alfalfa, vetches, peppers, or fennel.
  • the invention also provides an orchard precipitation collection and storage to promote infiltration and moisture preservation and carbonization.
  • the system is formed according to the orchard precipitation collection and storage to promote infiltration and moisture preservation and carbonization. It includes a shallow infiltration subsystem, a collection and storage infiltration promotion subsystem and a deep layer infiltration subsystem. diversion subsystem;
  • the shallow infiltration subsystem includes ground cloth, ridges and an organic material filling layer in the ridges.
  • the ridges are arc-shaped ridges formed along the tree row direction with the tree stem as the center line. The ridges cover the On top of the organic material filling layer in the ridge, the ground cloth covers the ridge;
  • the storage and infiltration-promoting subsystem includes a rain-gathering ditch and a water-retaining and infiltration-promoting organic fermentation filling body.
  • Each fruit tree row is provided with one of the rain-gathering ditches on both sides.
  • the bottom of the rain-gathering ditch is compacted, so The water-retaining and penetration-promoting organic fermentation filling body is placed in the rain collecting ditch, and the edge of the ground cloth extends to the side wall of the rain collecting ditch and is fixed;
  • the deep diversion subsystem includes blind pipes for promoting seepage and drainage and diversion shafts.
  • the diversion shafts are dug downward from the bottom surface of the rainwater collecting ditch to form a cylindrical structure. There are multiple diversion shafts spaced apart.
  • the blind pipe for promoting seepage and waterlogging is arranged in a spliced manner along the axis of the bottom surface of the rainwater collecting ditch.
  • the blind pipe for promoting seepage and waterlogging is provided with a gap. The gap is located above the diversion shaft and is used to collect all the waterlogging. The water in the blind pipe for promoting seepage and drainage is drained into the diversion shaft;
  • the organic material filling layer uses the infiltrated rainwater to ferment to form absorbable substances for the shallow roots of the fruit trees to absorb.
  • the water-retaining and penetration-promoting organic fermentation filler utilizes the fermentation of rainwater in the rain collecting ditch to form absorbable substances for absorption by the middle layer and deep roots of the fruit trees, and the excess water in the rain collecting ditch flows into the blind tube for promoting penetration and drainage.
  • excess water is replenished to the deep soil reservoir through the diversion shaft.
  • the height difference of the ridges is 10-15 cm, and the width of the ridges is 80-120 cm.
  • the distance between the rain collecting ditch and the row of fruit trees is 60-100 cm, the depth of the rain collecting ditch is 30-50 cm, and the width is 15-30 cm.
  • the blind pipe for promoting penetration and drainage includes a first half pipe and a second half pipe, and the first half pipe and the second half pipe are integrally formed into a cylindrical structure by being joined up and down, and the
  • the first half pipe is a pipe body with pores, and the pores are used to allow rainwater to flow into the blind pipe for promoting seepage and drainage.
  • the second half pipe is a pipe body without pores, and the second half pipe is provided with a gap.
  • the second half pipe is embedded in the bottom of the rain collecting ditch, and the outer surface of the first half pipe is in contact with the base layer;
  • the rainwater in the rainwater collecting ditch flows into the cavity of the blind pipe for promoting seepage and drainage through the pores, and excess rainwater flows into the diversion shaft through the gap.
  • the seepage-promoting blind pipe is prepared by the following method: clay and fruit branch biochar are mixed to form a mixed matrix, a part of the mixed matrix is mixed evenly with sawdust or grass clippings, and then an appropriate amount of silica sol is sprayed and stirred and molded.
  • the green body of the first half-pipe is formed, and another part of the mixed matrix is stirred and molded to form the green body of the second half-pipe, and the green body of the first half-pipe and the green body of the second half-pipe are After the body is bonded with clay to form a hollow body, it is dried in the shade and fired at high temperature to form the seepage-promoting and drainage blind pipe.
  • the porosity of the first half-tube is 50% to 80%, and the average diameter of the pores is 10 to 100 ⁇ m.
  • an intercropping subsystem is also included.
  • the intercropping subsystem is formed by planting beneficial intercrops in a drill or broadcast manner between the shallow infiltration subsystems.
  • the beneficial intercrops are wheat and rapeseed. , soybeans, mustard greens, alfalfa, vetches, peppers or fennel.
  • the invention also provides an intelligent supplementary irrigation system for an orchard, which adopts the orchard precipitation collection, promotion, infiltration, moisture conservation, and carbonization system, and also includes a soil moisture monitoring subsystem, a control subsystem, and an irrigation subsystem;
  • the soil moisture detection subsystem includes a data collector and a soil moisture sensor.
  • the soil moisture sensor is arranged in the soil extending a preset distance from the inner wall of the rain collecting ditch toward the direction of the fruit tree.
  • the soil moisture sensor collects soil moisture at the roots of the fruit tree. information and pass it to the data collector;
  • the control subsystem includes a data conversion device.
  • the data conversion device determines different parameters based on the soil moisture information at the roots of the fruit trees collected by the data collector, the target yield of the fruit trees, the water demand patterns of the fruit trees in each growth period, and the average monthly rainfall over many years. The number of irrigations, irrigation quotas and irrigation quotas during the growth period;
  • the irrigation subsystem includes a water pump, a pipeline and a drip irrigation pipe.
  • the water pump works according to the instructions of the control subsystem.
  • the water pump is connected to the drip irrigation pipe through the pipeline.
  • the drip irrigation pipe is arranged on the On the inner wall of the rain collecting ditch and located at the mouth of the rain collecting ditch.
  • the soil moisture sensor is provided with multiple layers spaced up and down along the depth direction of the rainwater collecting ditch.
  • the soil moisture detection subsystem further includes a solar panel, which provides electrical energy for the data collector and the soil moisture sensor.
  • the control subsystem controls the irrigation subsystem to irrigate, and the data collector collects that the soil moisture content in the root zone of the fruit tree is lower than 60% of the field water content.
  • the irrigation subsystem stops operating.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the present invention realizes the conversion and utilization of the entire root zone of precipitation in the rows of fruit trees in orchards during the rainy season - accumulation - shallow infiltration - deep infiltration - redistribution, and simultaneously fills the agricultural waste in the shallow root zone and mid-deep root zone of fruit trees.
  • the slow decomposition and fermentation of material resources increases the soil moisture content and organic matter content within the root system of fruit trees, and greatly improves the water storage and moisture conservation performance of the soil.
  • the present invention forms a ⁇ -shaped water-retaining and carbon-increasing protective cover for the orchard root zone through the organic material filling layer in the ridge and the water-retaining and seepage-promoting organic fermentation filling bodies located in the rain collecting ditch on both sides.
  • the invention can achieve It achieves the effects of soil water storage and moisture conservation in shallow and deep root zones, soil warming, soil structure optimization and improvement, and rapid carbonization and fertilization.
  • the slow decomposition of organic materials can continuously provide water and fertilizer for the roots of fruit trees, saving energy and reducing consumption. Reduces soil pollution from chemical fertilizers.
  • the present invention forms blind pipes that promote seepage and drain water by sintering organic materials, thereby avoiding soil pollution, saving energy and protecting the environment.
  • the present invention plants beneficial crops between rows of fruit trees and adds beneficial intercropping subsystems to the system, thereby improving the economic benefits of the orchard rows while avoiding desertification of water and soil in the orchard rows and reducing water loss.
  • the orchard intelligent refilling system formed by this embodiment of the present invention is based on the precipitation collection and penetration promotion and deep diversion system that efficiently converts rainwater resources, and adopts a double-row pit mouth covering shallow-buried intelligent re-irrigation system to carry out fruit tree root replenishment.
  • Timely and precise regulation of the water habitat in the area achieves optimal synergy between orchard precipitation resources and irrigation water resources, that is, the entire root zone conversion and utilization of precipitation accumulation-accumulation-shallow infiltration-deep infiltration-redistribution within the rows of orchard fruit trees in the rainy season is realized, and It achieves timely and precise control of the water habitat in the root zone of fruit trees during drought and water deficit seasons.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the orchard precipitation collection, penetration promotion, moisture conservation, and carbonization system of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a diagram of instant noodles for each row of fruit trees in the orchard precipitation collection, penetration promotion, moisture conservation, and carbonization system of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a blind pipe for promoting penetration and drainage of waterlogging according to the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a rainwater collecting ditch according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a partial structural diagram of the orchard intelligent supplementary irrigation system of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram comparing experimental data of the present invention.
  • This embodiment provides a method for collecting orchard precipitation, promoting infiltration, preserving moisture, and increasing carbon, as shown in Figure 1-6, including the following steps:
  • the distance between the rainwater collecting ditch 201 on each side and the row of fruit trees is controlled between 60 and 100cm.
  • the ditching distance for deep-rooted fruit trees such as apples and pears is generally 80-100cm.
  • the ditching distance for shallow-rooted fruit trees such as grapes and kiwis is generally 60-100cm. 80cm.
  • the organic material filling layer in the ridge lay 3 to 10cm thick organic materials on the land between the preset rainwater collection ditches 201 on both sides of the fruit tree rows.
  • the organic materials include crushed straw, crushed branches, and sawdust. , one or more substance mixtures in the medicinal residue, and then evenly spray 1%-2% lime water solution on the organic matter and leave it to dry for 0.5 hours, and then undergo exposure and disinfection for 3 to 5 hours, and finally spray the mixed bacteria
  • the liquid forms the organic material filling layer 103 in the ridge.
  • the weight ratio of the mixed bacterial liquid components is: 15 to 20 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 30 to 45 parts of Aspergillus oryzae, and 5 to 10 parts of Bacillus coagulans.
  • each row of fruit trees forms a parallel rain collecting ditch 201 on both sides.
  • the axis of each fruit tree row is parallel to the axis of the rain collecting ditch 201 on both sides, and the rain collecting ditches on both sides of each row of fruit trees are 201 is arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis of the middle row of fruit trees.
  • the excavated earth is turned over on the organic material filling layer 103 in the ridge for later use.
  • the distribution of rainwater collecting ditches, the straightness of the ditching, and the even distribution of soil thrown by the trenching machine should meet local agronomic requirements.
  • the ditch shape should be complete and the ditch walls should be neat and smooth. During the operation, the machinery should not cause oil leakage or other environmental pollution. phenomenon occurs.
  • Dig diversion shafts 302 from the bottom of the rain collecting ditch 201 downward to form a barrel-shaped structure.
  • a plurality of the diversion shafts 302 are arranged at intervals in each rain collecting ditch 201.
  • the diversion shafts 302 Used to replenish excess water to deep reservoirs in orchard soil.
  • diversion shafts 302 are formed on both sides of each fruit tree, and the line connecting the center points of the diversion shafts 302 on both sides of each fruit tree is perpendicular to the fruit tree row, so that each fruit tree is located in the diversion vertical path on both sides. 302 at the middle point and the distance between the diversion shaft 302 and the main root system of the fruit tree is closest.
  • the diversion shaft 302 is a barrel-shaped structure with a depth of 30 to 50 cm and a diameter of 10 to 15 cm.
  • the excess water enters the diversion shaft 302, and then the excess water is introduced into the deep soil through the diversion shaft 302 to replenish the deep soil reservoir. , improve the water storage and moisture conservation performance of the soil.
  • the fermentation filler 303 is bundles of fruit tree branches or bundles of corn stalks sprayed with mixed bacterial liquid.
  • the weight ratio of the mixed bacterial liquid components is: 15 to 20 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 30 to 45 parts of Aspergillus oryzae, and 5 to 10 parts of Bacillus coagulans.
  • the blind tubes 301 for promoting seepage and waterlogging are hollow cylinders, consisting of two half-pipes with semicircular cross-sections.
  • the two half-pipes are formed by butt jointing, and are respectively recorded as the first half-pipe 3011 and the second half-pipe 3012.
  • the first half-pipe 3011 is a pipe body with pores
  • the second half-pipe 3012 is a pipe body without pores
  • the first half-pipe 3011 is a pipe body without pores.
  • the pipe 3011 and the second half pipe 3012 are butt-joined and integrally formed to form a seepage-promoting and drainage blind pipe 301 that is half with pores and half without pores.
  • the second half pipe 3012 is embedded in the bottom of the rain collecting ditch 201, and the first half pipe 3011 is located above the bottom surface of the rain collecting ditch 201.
  • the blind pipe 301 for promoting seepage and drainage is also provided with a gap 3013, along which After the axis of the rain collecting ditch 201 is spliced into a pipe system, the gap 3013 is located above the opening of the diversion shaft 302, which is used to drain the water that enters the seepage-promoting and drainage blind pipe 301 through the pores into the diversion shaft 302, and then Water is infiltrated through the diversion shaft 302 into a deep reservoir of orchard soil.
  • the porosity of the first half pipe 3011 is preferably 50% to 80%, and the average diameter of the pores of the first half pipe 3011 is 10 to 100 ⁇ m.
  • lay the water-retaining and penetration-promoting organic fermentation filling body lay the water-retaining and penetration-promoting organic fermentation filling body 202 in each rainwater collecting ditch 201.
  • the water-retaining and penetration-promoting organic fermentation filling body 202 includes a base layer 2021, Organic fertilizer layer 2022, medicinal residue sawdust and straw mixed layer 2023, orchard soil layer 2024 and straw layer 2025, the base layer 2021 is placed on the bottom of the rain collecting ditch 201, and the blind tube 301 for promoting seepage and drainage is located on the base layer 2021 below. in:
  • the base layer 2021 uses fruit tree branches as the skeleton. After filling the fruit tree branches with a mixture of sawdust, medicinal residue, dried livestock and poultry manure and garlic-green onion waste straw-leaves, spray 1% to 2% lime water solution and let it dry for about 0.5 hours. , and then spray the mixed bacterial solution to form.
  • the weight ratio of the mixed bacterial liquid components is: 15 to 20 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 30 to 45 parts of Aspergillus oryzae, and 5 to 10 parts of Bacillus coagulans.
  • organic matter is formed through fermentation and decomposition to provide water and fertilizer for the middle and deep root systems of fruit trees.
  • the volume ratio of sawdust, medicinal residue, dried livestock and poultry manure and garlic-scallion waste straw-leaf mixture in the base layer 2021 is 4:2:3:1.
  • the medicine residue, sawdust and straw mixed layer 2023 is formed by evenly spraying a mixture of medicine residue, sawdust and straw with 1% to 2% lime water solution and leaving it to dry for 0.5 hours, and then evenly spraying the mixed bacterial solution.
  • the mixed bacteria The weight ratio of the liquid components is: 15 to 20 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 30 to 45 parts of Aspergillus oryzae, and 5 to 10 parts of Bacillus coagulans.
  • the main function of the base layer 2021 is to serve as a buffer zone between the organic filling layer located above the base layer and the blind pipes that promote seepage and drainage.
  • the use of fruit tree branches can make the pores larger and effectively prevent small particles from clogging the blind pipes that promote seepage and drainage.
  • the problem is that the excess moisture caused by the pores on the pipe 301 cannot enter the diversion shaft 302.
  • the addition of garlic-green onion waste straw-leaf mixture to the base layer 2021 can effectively prevent and control pests and diseases. It can effectively kill some bacteria in the mixture and the soil in the root zone of fruit trees, and reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases in fruit trees. Dry livestock and poultry manure is preferably chicken manure, pig manure, etc. with a small carbon-nitrogen ratio.
  • the orchard soil layer 2024 has a good thermal insulation effect and an effect of reducing water evaporation, and the straw layer 2025 provided above the orchard soil layer 2024 can further reduce water evaporation.
  • the organic fermentation filler By retaining water and promoting infiltration, the organic fermentation filler can infiltrate and store the water entering the rainwater collection ditch, and form absorbable small molecular substances and mineral elements through the fermentation and decomposition effect, which is beneficial to the root layer under extreme precipitation scenarios.
  • Water retention and deep drainage recharge deep soil reservoirs, increasing soil moisture and organic matter content within the root system of fruit trees.
  • S9 covering the ground cloth: Choose a period of relatively dry sunny days without dew on the ground surface, and cover the micro rainwater collection surface formed by the ridges 102 with a black horticultural and breathable ground cloth 101.
  • it needs to be tightened, straightened, wrinkle-free and close to the ridge surface.
  • the edges of the ground cloth located in the center of the ridge 102 are connected to each other and anchored with PE ground cloth nails.
  • the edges of the ground cloth located on both sides of the ridge 102 are The edge of the ground cloth 101 enters the ditch of the rain collecting ditch 201 and is closely attached to the inner wall, and is then anchored with PE ground cloth nails.
  • the ground cloth 101 uses its own air and water permeability to allow partial rainfall penetration to supplement the water needs of the shallow root zone of the fruit trees, and contributes to the slow decomposition of organic matter in the organic material filling layer 103 in the ridge, allowing the shallow soil to be quickly fertilized. , at the same time, it can effectively suppress weeds, suppress steam, protect moisture, and increase ground temperature.
  • a single rainfall is less than 1.5cm
  • rainwater mainly penetrates into the ridges 102 and the organic material filling layer 103 in the ridges through the ground cloth 101.
  • a single rainfall is greater than or equal to 1.5cm, a surface can be formed on the rainwater collection surface.
  • the runoff is then collected and stored in the rain collecting ditch 201, which promotes the short-term aerobic fermentation, facultative anaerobic fermentation and long anaerobic fermentation process of the organic materials filled in the rain collecting ditch, and promotes the organic filler in the rain collecting ditch. Fertilization and enhancement of organic carbon in the root zone of fruit trees.
  • the present invention realizes the conversion and utilization of the entire root zone of precipitation in the rows of fruit trees in orchards during the rainy season, including accumulation, storage, shallow infiltration, deep infiltration and redistribution.
  • the slow decomposition and fermentation of agricultural waste resources not only increases the soil moisture content and organic matter content within the root system of fruit trees, and greatly improves the water storage and moisture conservation performance of the soil, but also the organic material filling layer in the ridge, the water-retaining and penetration-promoting organic fermentation filling body and Fermented filler can continuously provide water and fertilizer for the roots of fruit trees for a long period of time.
  • chemical fertilizers for about 3 years. It saves energy and consumption while reducing the pollution of chemical fertilizers to the soil.
  • the loess plateau gully area is a typical representative area of traditional dry farming in my country. Corresponding experiments were conducted based on the method of this technical plan.
  • the technical test site is a typical hilly and ravine area of the Loess Plateau, located in the mountain orchard of Wanzhuang Village, Hezhuangping Town, Baota District, Yan'an City, Shaanxi City (36°11′ ⁇ 37°09′N, 109°21′ ⁇ 110°03′E). It belongs to an arid and semi-arid climate zone, with an average annual rainfall of about 500mm, an average annual temperature of 9°C, and a frost-free period of 170 to 186 days.
  • the experimental plan set up a treatment group and a control group using the conventional planting methods of local farmers.
  • the treatment group and the control group were each set up with three replications.
  • Through three repeated annual soil water storage, organic matter content and apple content measurements in the treatment group and the control group it was found that compared with the conventional planting methods of local farmers, the technical solution of the present invention can achieve soil water storage, soil organic matter content and apple production, see Figure 6.
  • Embodiment 2 is formed on the basis of Embodiment 1.
  • Beneficial crops are planted between the rows of fruit trees to improve the economic benefits of the orchard rows and at the same time avoid the desertification of water and soil in the orchard rows and reduce the loss of water. specifically:
  • beneficial intercrops are mainly planted between rows of fruit trees 700.
  • beneficial intercrops 700 are planted between two adjacent rainwater collection ditches 201 by drilling or broadcasting.
  • Intercrop 700 is wheat, rape, soybean, mustard, alfalfa, vetch, pepper or fennel, etc.
  • the sowing depth of beneficial intercrops varies according to different intercrops, such as: wheat is generally 3.0 ⁇ 5.0cm; rapeseed 1.0 ⁇ 2.0cm; soybeans 3.0 ⁇ 4.0cm; mustard 0.5 ⁇ 1.0cm; alfalfa 2.0 ⁇ 2.5cm; vetch 3.5 ⁇ 4.0cm; pepper 1.0 ⁇ 1.5cm; fennel 4.0 ⁇ 5.0cm.
  • Embodiment 3 is an orchard precipitation collection and storage system formed on the basis of Embodiment 1 or 2 to promote infiltration, preserve moisture, and increase carbonization. As shown in Figures 1-6, it includes a shallow infiltration subsystem 100, a collection and storage system, and a shallow infiltration subsystem 100. Penetration promotion subsystem 200 and deep flow diversion subsystem 300.
  • the shallow infiltration subsystem 100 includes a ground cloth 101, a ridge 102, and an organic material filling layer 103 in the ridge.
  • the ridges 102 are along the direction of the rows of fruit trees with the trunk as the center line, forming an arc-shaped structure with a high middle and low sides. The slope is gentle.
  • the height difference of the ridges 102 is 10-15cm and the width is 80-120cm. After smoothing and compacting Form the required ridged micro rain collecting surface.
  • the ground cloth 101 is a breathable gardening ground cloth covering the upper surface of the ridge 102 .
  • the organic material filling layer 103 in the ridge is arranged below the ridge 102. It is an organic material with a thickness of about 5cm laid on the flat land.
  • the organic material is a single substance such as straw crushing matter, branch crushing matter, sawdust, medicine residue, etc.
  • a mixture of multiple substances it is formed by evenly spraying 1 to 2% lime water solution, leaving it to dry for about 0.5 hours, and then performing exposure and disinfection treatment on a sunny day for 3 to 5 hours, and finally spraying the mixed bacterial solution evenly.
  • the weight ratio of the mixed bacterial liquid components is: 15-20 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 30-45 parts of Aspergillus oryzae, and 5-10 parts of Bacillus coagulans.
  • the storage and infiltration promoting subsystem 200 includes a rain collecting ditch 201 and a water retaining and infiltration promoting organic fermentation filling body 202.
  • the water retaining and infiltration promoting organic fermentation filling body 202 is filled in the rain collecting ditch 201.
  • the rain collecting ditch 201 is a rectangular ditch with a depth of 40cm and a width of 20cm opened 60 to 100cm away from each row of fruit trees using a machine-driven trenching machine.
  • the bottom of the rain collecting ditch 201 is compacted to make it have good waterproofing. Osmosis effect.
  • the two rain collecting ditches 201 on both sides of each row of fruit trees are arranged symmetrically.
  • the edge of the ground cloth 101 extends to the inside of the rain collecting ditch 201 and is close to the back. , anchored by PE ground cloth nails.
  • the distance between the rainwater collecting ditch 201 and the fruit tree rows mainly depends on the depth of the fruit tree roots. For example, for deep-rooted fruit trees such as apples and pears, the distance between the rainwater collecting ditch 201 and the fruit tree rows is generally 80 to 100cm. For shallow-rooted fruit trees such as grapes and kiwis, For root-type fruit trees, the distance between the rainwater collecting ditch 201 and the row of fruit trees is generally 60-80cm.
  • the water-retaining and seepage-promoting organic fermentation filling body 202 includes a base layer 2021, an organic fertilizer layer 2022, a medicine residue sawdust and straw mixed layer 2023, an orchard soil layer 2024 and a straw layer 2025 that are stacked in sequence from bottom to top.
  • the base layer 2021 is related to rainwater collection.
  • the groove bottom surfaces of the groove 201 are in close contact with each other.
  • the base layer 2021 includes a skeleton and an organic fermentation filler filled on the skeleton.
  • the skeleton is preferably formed of fruit tree branches and laid on the bottom of the rain collecting ditch 201.
  • the organic fermentation filler is mainly made of sawdust, medicinal residues, and dried livestock and poultry manure.
  • the ratio of sawdust-drug residue-dried livestock and poultry manure and garlic-scallion waste straw-leaf mixture is preferably 4:2:3:1.
  • the deep diversion subsystem 300 includes a blind pipe 301 for promoting seepage and drainage and a diversion shaft 302.
  • the seepage-promoting and drainage blind pipe 301 is a hollow cylindrical structure, which is formed by the butt jointing of two half-pipes with semicircular cross-sections.
  • the two half-pipes are respectively recorded as the first half-pipe 3011 and the second half-pipe 3012.
  • the first half-pipe 3011 is a pipe body with pores 30110
  • the second half pipe 3012 is a pipe body without pores.
  • the first half pipe 3011 and the second half pipe 3012 are integrally formed to form a seepage-promoting and drainage blind pipe that is half with pores and half without pores. 301.
  • the seepage-promoting and waterlogging blind pipe 301 is embedded in the bottom of the rain collecting ditch 201 and connected by splicing.
  • the base layer 2021 covers the seepage-promoting and waterlogging blind pipe 301.
  • the first half pipe 3011 is in contact with the lower surface of the base layer 2021.
  • the second half pipe 3012 is in contact with the bottom surface of the rain collecting ditch 201, and the excess liquid in the rain collecting ditch 201 flows into the seepage-promoting and drainage dead pipe 301 through the pores 30110 on the first half pipe 3011.
  • the second half pipe 3012 of the blind pipe 301 for promoting seepage and waterlogging is provided with a notch 3013.
  • the notch 3013 of the blind pipe 301 for promoting seepage and waterlogging spliced to the bottom of the rain collecting ditch 201 is located above the diversion shaft 302, for The excess liquid flows from the blind pipe 301 into the diversion shaft 302.
  • the diversion shaft 302 is dug downward from the bottom of the rain collecting ditch 201 to form a barrel-shaped shaft with a depth of 40cm and a diameter of 10cm.
  • Multiple diversion shafts 302 are provided in each rain collecting ditch 201.
  • the plurality of diversion shafts are 302 interval setting.
  • diversion shafts 302 are formed on both sides of each fruit tree, and the line connecting the center points of the diversion shafts 302 on both sides of each fruit tree is perpendicular to the fruit tree row, so that each fruit tree is located in the diversion vertical path on both sides. 302 at the middle point and the distance between the diversion shaft 302 and the main root system of the fruit tree is closest.
  • the diversion well 302 is filled with fermentation filler 303.
  • the fermentation filler 303 is a bundled fruit tree branch or straw sprayed with a mixed bacterial liquid.
  • the composition and proportion of the mixed bacterial liquid are the same as those in the organic material filling layer 103 in the ridge.
  • the mixed bacterial liquid is the same.
  • the working principle of the present invention is: when a single rainfall is less than 1.5cm, most of the rainwater falling on the ground cloth 101 enters the ridge 102 through penetration, and then penetrates into the organic material filling layer 103 in the ridge, causing part of the rainfall to penetrate It supplements the water demand in the shallow root zone of fruit trees, and helps the slow decomposition of organic matter in the organic material filling layer 103 in the ridge, so that the shallow soil can be quickly fertilized, and a small amount flows in through the arc structure formed by the ridge 102
  • the water-retaining and infiltration-promoting organic fermentation filling body 202 located in the rain collecting ditch 201 can infiltrate and store precipitation, which is conducive to water retention in the root layer.
  • the organic filling body located under the orchard soil layer 2025 Slowly ferments to form absorbable small molecular substances and mineral elements that are easily absorbed by the deep roots of fruit trees; when a single rainfall is greater than or equal to 1.5cm, most of the rainwater falling on the ground cloth 101 flows into the ridges through runoff.
  • 102 is stored in the rainwater collecting ditches 201 on both sides.
  • the rainwater collected in the rainwater collecting ditch 201 is stored by the water-retaining and penetration-promoting organic fermentation filler 202.
  • the stored rainwater can effectively promote the water-retention and penetration-promoting organic fermentation filler.
  • the short-term aerobic fermentation, facultative anaerobic fermentation and long anaerobic fermentation process of 202 organic materials promote the fertilization of the organic filler in the rainwater collection ditch and the increase of organic carbon in the root zone of fruit trees.
  • the rainwater collected in the rain collecting ditch 201 enters its cavity through the pores of the blind pipe 301 for promoting seepage and drainage, and flows into the diversion shaft 302 through the gap 3013.
  • the excess water is discharged through the diversion shaft 302. Replenish the deep soil reservoir and realize deep drainage of excess water in the rain collecting ditch 201.
  • This invention uses shallow infiltration, accumulation and infiltration promotion and deep diversion systems as the basic platform to realize the transformation and utilization of the entire root zone of precipitation in the rows of fruit trees in orchards during the rainy season - accumulation - shallow infiltration - deep infiltration - redistribution.
  • the excess water in the rain collecting ditch can be deeply drained, thereby replenishing the deep soil reservoir and realizing efficient conversion of rainwater resources.
  • the organic fermentation filler that retains water and promotes penetration forms a " ⁇ "-shaped protective cover for retaining water and increasing carbon in the orchard root zone. Under the synergistic effect of water and fertilizer, it achieves soil water storage and moisture conservation, soil warming, and soil structure improvement in the shallow and medium-deep root zones. Tuning, improvement and rapid carbonization and fertilization effects.
  • Embodiment 4 is formed on the basis of Embodiment 3, optimizing the preparation process of the seepage-promoting and waterlogging blind pipe, and forming the seepage-promoting and waterlogging blind pipe through sintering of organic materials, thereby avoiding soil pollution, saving energy and environmental protection. specifically:
  • the seepage-promoting blind pipe 301 is prepared by the following method: mix clay and fruit branch biochar to form a mixed matrix, take a part of the mixed matrix and mix it evenly with sawdust or grass clippings, and then spray an appropriate amount of silicon Sol, stir and mold to form a green body of the first half pipe 3011, take another part of the mixed matrix and stir and mold to form a green body of the second half pipe 3012, combine the green body of the first half pipe 3011 with the green body of the second half pipe 3012
  • the body is bonded with clay to form a hollow body, dried in the shade, and then fired at high temperature to form a seepage-promoting and drainage blind pipe 301.
  • the seepage-promoting and drainage blind pipe 301 formed by burning organic materials will not cause pollution to the soil after being placed in the soil, and is energy-saving and environmentally friendly.
  • Embodiment 5 is an intelligent orchard tank replenishing system formed on the basis of Embodiment 3 or 4, using the orchard precipitation collection, infiltration, moisture conservation, and carbonization system described in Embodiment 3 or 4, as shown in Figure 1- As shown in 6, it also includes soil moisture monitoring subsystem, control subsystem and irrigation subsystem.
  • the soil moisture monitoring subsystem is used to monitor soil moisture parameters in the root zone of fruit trees in the orchard in real time, and transmit the soil moisture parameters to the control subsystem through signals.
  • the soil moisture monitoring subsystem mainly includes a data collector 400 and a soil moisture sensor 500.
  • the soil moisture sensor 500 is arranged on the inner wall of the rain collecting ditch 201 at a distance of 10 to 15 cm in the direction of the fruit trees. It is used to collect soil moisture and transmit it to the data collector through a signal connection. 400.
  • the data collector 400 transmits the collected soil moisture information to the control subsystem through signals.
  • the soil moisture sensor 500 is arranged in multiple layers up and down along the depth direction of the rain collecting ditch 201. Particularly preferably, it is arranged in three layers: upper, middle and lower.
  • the depth of the upper layer is 15-25cm, the depth of the middle layer is 35-45cm, and the depth of the lower layer is 55 ⁇ 65cm, if its depth can be three different depths of 20cm, 40cm and 60cm respectively, it can effectively cover the main distribution area of fruit tree roots and obtain more accurate soil moisture parameters.
  • the control subsystem includes a data conversion device.
  • the data conversion device determines the number of irrigations and irrigation water in different growth periods based on the soil moisture parameters transmitted by the data collector 400, the target yield of the fruit tree, the water demand pattern of the fruit tree in each growth period, and the average monthly rainfall over many years. quotas and irrigation quotas.
  • the irrigation subsystem includes a water pump, pipelines and drip irrigation pipes 600.
  • the pipelines include a water delivery main pipe and a water delivery branch pipe.
  • the water inlet of the water pump is connected to the water source, the water outlet is connected to the water delivery main pipe, and the water outlet of the water pump is connected to the water delivery main pipe.
  • Filters, water meters, electromagnetic valves and pressure gauges are preferably installed in sequence to monitor and control the water output of the water pump in real time.
  • the main water delivery pipe and the water delivery branch pipes are connected through structural components such as tees, and the water outlets of the water delivery branch pipes It is connected to the drip irrigation pipe 600 through a bypass pipe or a tee pipe, and drip irrigation is carried out into the rain collecting ditch 201 through the drip irrigation pipe 600.
  • the dripper spacing of the drip irrigation pipe 600 is determined according to the distance between the fruit trees.
  • the drip irrigation pipe 600 is arranged on the inner wall of the rainwater collecting ditch 201 and adjacent to the ditch mouth, and is covered under the straw layer 2025.
  • the straw layer 2025 reduces the water content of the drip irrigation pipe 600 during drip irrigation. Evaporation effect, and since there is no need to bury the drip irrigation pipe 600 in a deep part of the orchard soil layer 2024, maintenance and recycling are facilitated.
  • the water pump is electrically connected to the control subsystem 500. The water pump pumps a corresponding amount of water into the drip irrigation pipe 600 according to the instructions of the control subsystem 500, and then flows the water into the rain collecting ditch 201 through the drip irrigation pipe 600 in the form of drip irrigation.
  • the method of the orchard intelligent refilling system in this embodiment to regulate the water habitat in the root zone of the fruit tree is specifically: obtaining the soil moisture parameters in the root zone of the fruit tree through the soil moisture monitoring subsystem, and using the data collector 400 to obtain the soil moisture parameters in the root zone of the fruit tree.
  • the parameters are transmitted to the control subsystem, and the data conversion device determines the number of irrigation times, irrigation quotas and irrigation in different growth periods based on the soil moisture parameters in the root zone of the fruit tree, the target yield of the fruit tree, the water demand pattern of the fruit tree in each growth period, and the local average monthly rainfall over many years. quota, and then the control subsystem controls the water pump to replenish water into the rain collecting ditch 201 in a timely manner.
  • the control subsystem controls the water pump through the drip irrigation pipe 600 based on the determined irrigation times, irrigation quotas and irrigation quotas in different growth stages of the fruit tree. Precision irrigation is carried out in the rain collecting ditch 201.
  • the control subsystem controls the water pump to stop working.
  • the local multi-year average monthly rainfall generally refers to the average monthly rainfall within 3-5 years.
  • the orchard intelligent refilling system formed in this embodiment is based on the precipitation collection and penetration promotion and deep diversion system that efficiently converts rainwater resources, and uses a double-row pit mouth covering shallow-buried intelligent refilling system to provide timely water habitat in the root zone of fruit trees.
  • Precise control realizes the optimization and synergy of orchard precipitation resources and irrigation water resources, that is, the entire root zone conversion and utilization of precipitation within the rows of orchard fruit trees in the rainy season is realized - accumulation - shallow infiltration - deep infiltration - redistribution, and drought water is also realized Timely and precise control of the water habitat in the root zone of fruit trees during the deficit season.
  • an energy supply subsystem which is a solar panel.
  • the solar panel supplements the required electric energy for the soil moisture monitoring subsystem, effectively utilizing the characteristics of abundant solar energy resources in arid areas to save energy and reduce consumption.

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Abstract

An orchard precipitation harvesting, permeation promotion, soil moisture conservation and carbon increase method, comprising the steps of: determining the digging positions of rain collecting ditches (201) on both sides of each fruit tree row; laying an organic material filling layer (103) in a ridge; forming the rain collecting ditches (201); digging flow guide vertical shafts (302); filling fermentation fillers (303); installing permeation promotion and drainage blind pipes (301); laying water retention and permeation promotion organic fermentation filling bodies (202); laying a ridge (102); and coating ground cloth (101). According to the method, full-root domain conversion and utilization of precipitation convergence, accumulation, shallow permeation, deep permeation and re-distribution in fruit tree rows of an orchard in a rainy season are achieved, by means of slow decomposition fermentation effect of agricultural waste resources filled in the shallow root areas and the middle deep root areas of fruit trees, not only the soil moisture contents and the organic matter contents in the root ranges of the fruit trees are improved, but also the water storage and soil moisture conservation performance of soil is greatly improved, and by means of the organic material filling layer in the ridge and the water retention and permeation promotion organic fermentation filling bodies located in the rain collecting ditches on both sides, inverted U-shaped water retention and carbon increase protective covers are formed in the root areas of the orchard, slow decomposition of an organic material can continuously provide a water fertilizer for the roots of the fruit trees, energy saving and consumption reduction are achieved, and pollution of a chemical fertilizer to the soil is reduced. Also provided are an orchard precipitation harvesting, permeation promotion, soil moisture conservation and carbon increase system and an orchard intelligent irrigation complementing system.

Description

果园降水集蓄促渗保墒增碳方法、***及其果园智能补灌***Methods and systems for collecting orchard precipitation, promoting infiltration, preserving moisture, and increasing carbon and its orchard intelligent supplementary irrigation system 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及林业工程技术领域，具体地，涉及一种果园降水集蓄促渗保墒增碳方法、***及其果园智能补灌***，特别是一种用于山地矮化密植果园降水集蓄促渗保墒增碳方法、***及其果园智能补灌***。。The invention relates to the technical field of forestry engineering. Specifically, it relates to a method and system for collecting precipitation in an orchard to promote infiltration, preserving moisture, and increasing carbon, and an intelligent supplementary irrigation system for the orchard. In particular, it relates to a method and system for collecting precipitation to promote infiltration in a mountainous dwarfed densely planted orchard. Methods and systems for maintaining moisture and increasing carbon, and intelligent supplementary irrigation systems for orchards. .
背景技术Background technique
黄土高原是***粮农组织认定的世界苹果优生区，也是全球最大的苹果集中连片栽植区。截止2021年，全国苹果种植面积预计为3132.12万亩，仅黄土高原优势区种植面积预计达到1830.42万亩，苹果种植已经成为区域经济发展的主导产业。但是随着种植规模进一步扩大和种植年限增加，现有苹果园面临的季节性干旱缺水、土壤蓄水保墒能力差以及土壤贫瘠等问题是导致黄土高原区域旱作果园低产、低质与生态脆弱的主要障碍因子。The Loess Plateau is a world apple eugenics area recognized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and is also the world's largest concentrated contiguous apple planting area. As of 2021, the national apple planting area is expected to be 31.3212 million acres, and only the planting area in the Loess Plateau advantageous areas is expected to reach 18.3042 million acres. Apple planting has become the leading industry in regional economic development. However, with the further expansion of planting scale and the increase of planting years, existing apple orchards are facing seasonal drought and water shortage, poor soil water storage and moisture retention capacity, and poor soil, which have led to low yield, low quality, and ecological vulnerability of dry-fed orchards in the Loess Plateau. the main obstacles.
大气降水作为该地区土壤水分补充的主要来源，实现降雨的就地拦蓄入渗利用，加强对土壤水分的调控与利用，是解决该地区干旱缺水问题和推动旱区农业发展的有效途径。集约化和规模化果园具有实施节水灌溉措施的条件，如果在充分利用自然降水的前提下，根据果树根区水分生境条件和果树各生育期的需水特性对果树进行定额灌溉，将会实现降水资源的高效转化利用和旱作节水的优势叠加，达到“1+1>2”的效果。农业有机废弃物是土壤质量提升的一种宝贵生物质资源，加快黄土高原区农业有机固体废弃物就地回收处置和资源化 利用，不仅减少了农业废弃物资源的运输成本，又防止了资源的浪费，而且同步实现了土壤蓄水保墒能力和土壤质量的提升。Atmospheric precipitation is the main source of soil moisture replenishment in this area. Realizing on-site storage, infiltration and utilization of rainfall and strengthening the regulation and utilization of soil moisture are effective ways to solve the problem of drought and water shortage in this area and promote the development of agriculture in arid areas. Intensive and large-scale orchards have the conditions to implement water-saving irrigation measures. If natural precipitation is fully utilized and the fruit trees are irrigated at a fixed rate according to the water habitat conditions in the root zone of the fruit trees and the water demand characteristics of the fruit trees in each growth period, it will be achieved The advantages of efficient conversion and utilization of precipitation resources and water saving in dry farming are superimposed to achieve the effect of "1+1>2". Agricultural organic waste is a valuable biomass resource that improves soil quality. Accelerating the on-site recycling, disposal and resource utilization of agricultural organic solid waste in the Loess Plateau not only reduces the transportation costs of agricultural waste resources, but also prevents resource degradation. Waste, and simultaneously achieve the improvement of soil water storage and moisture conservation capacity and soil quality.
调查发现，现有技术中部分集约化和规模化果园采用了具有一定灌溉条件的技术措施，但依然存在如下主要方面的问题：The investigation found that some intensive and large-scale orchards in the existing technology adopt technical measures with certain irrigation conditions, but there are still the following main problems:
其一，大部分仅简单的通过集雨沟或集雨面进行雨水的收集，再利用，其规模很小，例如，中国实用新型专利公开号为CN209162931U，其公开了一种果园雨水回收储存***，包括：集水罐、送水管路和多条排水沟，排水沟铺设于果园内，排水沟通过送水管路与集水罐连接。该实用新型专利技术仅仅是利用集雨沟进行雨水的收集，实现了小面积果园雨水储存和循环利用，与集雨窖的原理相同，而没有实现降水的原位就地拦蓄入渗利用目的。该实用新型专利技术在集约化果园实施需要挖掘较多的存放集水罐的坑，其工程规模、破坏性和经费投入都较大。First, most of them simply collect and reuse rainwater through rain collecting ditches or rain collecting surfaces, and the scale is very small. For example, the Chinese utility model patent publication number is CN209162931U, which discloses an orchard rainwater recovery and storage system. , including: water collection tank, water supply pipeline and multiple drainage ditches. The drainage ditch is laid in the orchard, and the drainage channel is connected to the water collection tank through the water supply pipeline. This utility model patented technology only uses rainwater collection trenches to collect rainwater, realizing the storage and recycling of rainwater in small orchards. The principle is the same as the rainwater collection cellar, but it does not achieve the purpose of in-situ storage, infiltration and utilization of precipitation. The implementation of this utility model patented technology in intensive orchards requires the excavation of many pits to store water collection tanks, and the project scale, destructiveness and financial investment are relatively large.
其二，对土壤蓄水保墒能力开发不足，未充分发挥当地农业有机固体废弃物资源化的作用以及有机肥料提高土壤的保水促渗能力。例如，中国发明专利公开号为CN104145557A，公开了一种旱地苹果树的集雨保墒方法，包括：施肥与整地、划行起垄覆膜或全园覆膜、开挖集雨沟、集雨沟内和行间覆草，其特征在于：在施肥与整地前，还包括土壤处理，每亩用40％辛硫磷乳油0.5公斤加复合细沙土30公斤，拌成复合毒土撒施。发明专利技术的主要贡献在于对土壤害虫的防治，对提高土壤肥力的提高有一定益处，但无法改良土壤的保水促渗性能。又例如，中国发明专利公开号为CN102656987B，公开了一种利用沼液补充果园水肥的方法，该方法是利用沼气工程所产生的沼液浸泡蓄水保肥材料， 并将浸足沼液的蓄水保肥材料埋在果树根系富集区,适时浇灌沼液，起到穴贮肥水、缓慢供应水肥的效果。待果树落叶整园或开春翻土时,可将上年度埋入的蓄水保肥材料翻出,与覆土及其它肥料混合后用作果园基肥施用。该发明专利技术虽然一定程度上可缓解果园的水肥供应紧缺问题,并能有效改善果园的土壤质量,但对废气农作物的利用率不高，以及需要每年翻土，同时还需要有沼气池的配合，较为繁琐，成本较高。Second, the water storage and moisture conservation capacity of the soil is insufficiently developed, and the role of local agricultural organic solid waste resource utilization and organic fertilizers in improving the soil's water retention and infiltration promoting capacity are not fully utilized. For example, the Chinese invention patent publication number is CN104145557A, which discloses a rainwater collection and moisture conservation method for apple trees in dryland, including: fertilization and soil preparation, rowing and ridge mulching or whole garden mulching, excavation of rainwater collection trenches, rainwater collection trenches The characteristics of grass mulching in the inner and between rows are: before fertilization and land preparation, it also includes soil treatment. Use 0.5 kg of 40% phoxim EC per acre and 30 kg of compound fine sand soil, mix it into a compound toxic soil and spread it. The main contribution of the invention patented technology is the prevention and control of soil pests, which has certain benefits in improving soil fertility, but it cannot improve the water retention and penetration promotion performance of the soil. For another example, the Chinese invention patent publication number is CN102656987B, which discloses a method of using biogas slurry to replenish water and fertilizer in orchards. This method uses biogas slurry produced by biogas projects to soak water storage and fertilizer conservation materials, and soaks the biogas slurry with enough storage material. The water-retaining fertilizer materials are buried in the fruit tree root enrichment area, and the biogas slurry is irrigated in a timely manner, which has the effect of storing fertilizer water in the hole and slowly supplying water and fertilizer. When the fruit trees lose their leaves and the garden is being renovated or the soil is plowed in spring, the water-storing and fertilizer-retaining materials buried in the previous year can be dug out, mixed with covering soil and other fertilizers, and used as base fertilizer for the orchard. Although this invention patented technology can alleviate the shortage of water and fertilizer supply in orchards to a certain extent and can effectively improve the soil quality of orchards, it does not have high utilization rate for waste gas crops and requires annual soil plowing and the cooperation of biogas pools. , which is more cumbersome and costly.
其三，农艺节水措施与节水灌溉工程措施的结合度不够，旱作节水和农艺节水相结合往往可达到事半功倍的效果，两者结合的重要性愈来愈被人们广为接受。例如，中国实用新型专利公开号为CN202663896U，公开了一种移动滴灌机，包括储水装置、移动首部和滴灌主体，所述储水装置、移动首部和滴灌主体依次密闭连接。该实用新型专利技术主要用于田地间无固定水源的地方实施滴灌作业，但由于滴灌是通过于果园土壤之上进行，存在水分蒸发、流失等问题，灌溉效率不佳。为此，探寻节水、增效、集约、持续安全的管理模式，是促进该区苹果生产与生态协同提升的有效途径。黄土高原区域果园种植产业中降水资源的充分有效利用、土壤蓄水保墒性能的提高与改进以及土壤肥力的提高等依然是国家以及地方政府重点关注并进行研发的项目。Third, the integration of agronomic water-saving measures and water-saving irrigation engineering measures is not enough. Combining dry farming water-saving and agronomic water-saving can often achieve twice the result with half the effort. The importance of combining the two is increasingly widely accepted. For example, the Chinese utility model patent publication number is CN202663896U, which discloses a mobile drip irrigation machine, which includes a water storage device, a mobile head and a drip irrigation main body. The water storage device, the mobile head and the drip irrigation main body are connected in a sealed manner in sequence. This utility model patented technology is mainly used for drip irrigation operations in areas where there is no fixed water source in the fields. However, since drip irrigation is carried out on the orchard soil, there are problems such as water evaporation and loss, and the irrigation efficiency is poor. To this end, exploring a management model that saves water, increases efficiency, is intensive, and continues to be safe is an effective way to promote the coordinated improvement of apple production and ecology in the region. The full and effective utilization of precipitation resources in the orchard planting industry in the Loess Plateau region, the improvement and improvement of soil water storage and moisture conservation performance, and the improvement of soil fertility are still projects that the national and local governments focus on and carry out research and development.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术中的缺陷，本发明的目的是提供一种果园降水集蓄促渗保墒增碳方法、***及其果园智能补灌***。In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and system for collecting orchard precipitation, promoting infiltration, preserving moisture, and increasing carbon, and an orchard intelligent supplementary irrigation system.
根据本发明提供的一种果园降水集蓄促渗保墒增碳方法，包括如下步骤：S1，进行土地平整，确定果树行两侧的集雨沟的挖掘位置；According to a method for collecting precipitation in an orchard, promoting infiltration, preserving moisture, and increasing carbon, provided by the present invention, the method includes the following steps: S1, perform land leveling and determine the excavation positions of rainwater collection ditches on both sides of the rows of fruit trees;
S2，铺设垄内有机物料填充层：在果树行两侧预设的所述集雨沟之间的土地上铺设3～10cm厚的有机类物质，并于有机类物质上均匀喷洒1％-2％的石灰水溶液后晾置0.5～1小时，再经暴晒消毒处理3～5小时，最后喷洒混合菌液形成垄内有机物料填充层，所述垄内有机物料填充层的有机类物质为秸秆粉碎物、树枝粉碎物、锯末、药渣中的一种或多种物质混合体；S2, lay the organic material filling layer in the ridge: lay 3 to 10cm thick organic material on the land between the preset rainwater collection ditches on both sides of the fruit tree row, and evenly spray 1%-2 on the organic material % lime water solution and then left to air for 0.5 to 1 hour, and then exposed to the sun for 3 to 5 hours, and finally sprayed with mixed bacterial liquid to form an organic material filling layer in the ridge. The organic matter in the organic material filling layer in the ridge is crushed straw. One or more mixtures of substances, crushed branches, sawdust, and medicinal residues;
S3，开设集雨沟：利用机引式开沟机在步骤S1中确定的位置挖掘开沟，形成预设深度和宽度的所述集雨沟，对所述集雨沟的沟底进行夯实处理，将挖掘的土方翻放于所述垄内有机物料填充层上，每行果树行两侧分别形成一条相互平行的所述集雨沟；S3. Open a rain collecting ditch: Use a machine-driven trenching machine to excavate a trench at the position determined in step S1 to form the rain collecting ditch with a preset depth and width, and compact the bottom of the rain collecting ditch. , turn over the excavated earth on the organic material filling layer in the ridge, and form a mutually parallel rain collecting ditch on both sides of each row of fruit trees;
S4，挖掘导流竖井：自所述集雨沟的沟底向下挖掘形成桶状结构的导流竖井，每条所述集雨沟内间隔设置多个所述导流竖井；S4, dig diversion shafts: Dig diversion shafts downward from the bottom of the rain collecting ditch to form a barrel-shaped structure, and multiple diversion shafts are spaced in each rain collecting ditch;
S5，填充发酵填料：于所述导流竖井内填充发酵填料，所述发酵填料为喷洒有混合菌液的成捆果树枝条或成捆玉米秸秆；S5, filling fermentation filler: fill fermentation filler in the diversion shaft, and the fermentation filler is bundles of fruit tree branches or bundles of corn straw sprayed with mixed bacterial liquid;
S6，安装促渗排涝盲管：在每条所述集雨沟内以拼接方式安装促渗排涝盲管，所述促渗排涝盲管为中空筒体，所述促渗排涝盲管的部分管体嵌入所述集雨沟的沟底中，所述促渗排涝盲管与所述集雨沟沟底接触的部分无孔隙，位于所述集雨沟沟底表面之上的管体设有孔隙，所述促渗排涝盲管设有缺口，所述缺口位于所述导流竖井的开口之上，用于将通过孔隙进入所述促渗排涝盲管管体内的水排至所述导流竖井内；S6. Install blind tubes for promoting seepage and waterlogging: Install blind tubes for promoting seepage and waterlogging in each rainwater collecting ditch in a spliced manner. The blind tubes for promoting seepage and waterlogging are hollow cylinders. Some of the tubes of the blind tubes for promoting seepage and waterlogging are The body is embedded in the bottom of the rain collecting ditch, the part of the blind tube that promotes seepage and drainage and is in contact with the bottom of the rain collecting ditch has no pores, and the pipe body located above the bottom surface of the rain collecting ditch is provided with pores. , the blind pipe for promoting seepage and waterlogging is provided with a gap, the gap is located above the opening of the diversion shaft, and is used to discharge the water entering the body of the blind pipe for promoting seepage and waterlogging through the pore to the diversion shaft. Inside;
S7，铺设保水促渗有机发酵填充体：在每条集雨沟内铺设保水促渗有机发酵填充体，所述保水促渗有机发酵填充体包括自下而上依次层叠设置的基底层、 有机肥层、药渣锯末秸秆混合层、果园土层以及秸秆层，所述基底层置于所述集雨沟的沟底上；S7, lay the water-retaining and penetration-promoting organic fermentation filling body: lay the water-retaining and penetration-promoting organic fermentation filling body in each rainwater collecting ditch. The water-retaining and penetration-promoting organic fermentation filling body includes a base layer and an organic fertilizer layered in sequence from bottom to top. layer, a mixed layer of medicine residue, sawdust and straw, an orchard soil layer and a straw layer, and the base layer is placed on the bottom of the rain collecting ditch;
所述基底层以果树枝条为骨架，于果树枝条上填充锯末、药渣、干畜禽粪便和大蒜-大葱废弃秸秆-叶子混合体后，喷洒1％～2％的石灰水溶液并晾置预设时间，再喷洒混合菌液形成；The base layer uses fruit tree branches as a skeleton. After filling the fruit tree branches with sawdust, medicinal residues, dried livestock and poultry manure and garlic-scallion waste straw-leaf mixture, spray 1% to 2% lime water solution and let it dry for a preset time. time, and then spray the mixed bacterial solution to form;
所述药渣锯末秸秆混合层是将药渣、锯末和秸秆的混合物均匀喷洒1％-2％的石灰水溶液并晾置预设时间后，再均匀喷洒混合菌液形成；The drug residue, sawdust and straw mixed layer is formed by evenly spraying a mixture of drug residue, sawdust and straw with 1%-2% lime aqueous solution and leaving it to dry for a preset time, and then evenly spraying the mixed bacterial solution;
S8，铺设垄起：沿果树行方向，以树干为中线，将步骤S2挖掘所述集雨沟翻放的土方覆盖于所述垄内有机物料填充层上并起垄，形成中间高两边低的弧形垄起；S8, lay ridges: Along the row direction of the fruit trees, with the tree trunk as the center line, cover the soil dug out of the rain collecting trench in step S2 on the organic material filling layer in the ridges and form ridges to form a high in the middle and low on both sides. arc-shaped ridge;
S9，覆盖地布：选择晴天无露水地表相对干燥的时段，在所述垄起上覆盖地布，所述垄起两侧的所述地布的边缘分别进入两侧的所述集雨沟内并固定。S9, covering the ground cloth: Select a period of relatively dry weather without dew on a sunny day, cover the ridge with ground cloth, and the edges of the ground cloth on both sides of the ridge enter the rain collecting ditches on both sides respectively. and fixed.
一些实施方式中，所述混合菌液组分重量份配比为：地衣芽孢杆菌15～20份，米曲霉菌30～45份，凝结芽孢杆菌5～10份，所述混合菌液用于有机类物质的消毒与发酵腐解。In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the mixed bacterial liquid components is: 15 to 20 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 30 to 45 parts of Aspergillus oryzae, and 5 to 10 parts of Bacillus coagulans. The mixed bacterial liquid is used for organic Disinfection and fermentation of similar substances.
一些实施方式中，步骤S4中，每颗果树的两侧均形成有所述导流竖井，且每颗果树两侧的所述导流竖井中心点的连线垂直于果树行。In some embodiments, in step S4, the diversion shafts are formed on both sides of each fruit tree, and the line connecting the center points of the diversion shafts on both sides of each fruit tree is perpendicular to the row of fruit trees.
一些实施方式中，步骤S7中，所述基底层中锯末、药渣、干畜禽粪便和大蒜-大葱废弃秸秆-叶子混合体的体积比例为4:2:3:1。In some embodiments, in step S7, the volume ratio of sawdust, medicinal residue, dried livestock and poultry manure and garlic-scallion waste straw-leaf mixture in the base layer is 4:2:3:1.
一些实施方式中，还包括步骤S10：于相邻的果树行之间以条播或撒播的方式种植有益间作物，所述有益间作物为小麦、油菜、大豆、芥菜、苜蓿、野豌豆、辣椒或茴香。In some embodiments, step S10 is also included: planting beneficial intercrops between adjacent fruit tree rows in a drill or broadcast manner, and the beneficial intercrops are wheat, rape, soybeans, mustard, alfalfa, vetches, peppers, or fennel.
本发明还提供了一种果园降水集蓄促渗保墒增碳***，根据所述的果园降水集蓄促渗保墒增碳方法形成，包括浅层入渗子***、集蓄促渗子***以及深层导流子***；The invention also provides an orchard precipitation collection and storage to promote infiltration and moisture preservation and carbonization. The system is formed according to the orchard precipitation collection and storage to promote infiltration and moisture preservation and carbonization. It includes a shallow infiltration subsystem, a collection and storage infiltration promotion subsystem and a deep layer infiltration subsystem. diversion subsystem;
所述浅层入渗子***包括地布、垄起以及垄内有机物料填充层，所述垄起为沿树行方向，以树杆为中线形成的弧形垄起，所述垄起覆盖于所述垄内有机物料填充层之上，所述地布覆盖于所述垄起上；The shallow infiltration subsystem includes ground cloth, ridges and an organic material filling layer in the ridges. The ridges are arc-shaped ridges formed along the tree row direction with the tree stem as the center line. The ridges cover the On top of the organic material filling layer in the ridge, the ground cloth covers the ridge;
所述集蓄促渗子***包括集雨沟和保水促渗有机发酵填充体，每一条果树行两侧分别设有一条所述集雨沟，所述集雨沟的沟底进行夯实处理，所述保水促渗有机发酵填充体置于所述集雨沟内，所述地布的边缘延伸至所述集雨沟的侧壁上并固定；The storage and infiltration-promoting subsystem includes a rain-gathering ditch and a water-retaining and infiltration-promoting organic fermentation filling body. Each fruit tree row is provided with one of the rain-gathering ditches on both sides. The bottom of the rain-gathering ditch is compacted, so The water-retaining and penetration-promoting organic fermentation filling body is placed in the rain collecting ditch, and the edge of the ground cloth extends to the side wall of the rain collecting ditch and is fixed;
所述深层导流子***包括促渗排涝盲管和导流竖井，所述导流竖井自所述集雨沟的底部表面向下挖掘形成筒型结构，所述导流竖井为多个且间隔设置，所述促渗排涝盲管以拼接方式沿所述集雨沟的沟底面的轴线设置，所述促渗排涝盲管设置有缺口，所述缺口位于所述导流竖井上方并用于将所述促渗排涝盲管内的水排至所述导流竖井内；The deep diversion subsystem includes blind pipes for promoting seepage and drainage and diversion shafts. The diversion shafts are dug downward from the bottom surface of the rainwater collecting ditch to form a cylindrical structure. There are multiple diversion shafts spaced apart. The blind pipe for promoting seepage and waterlogging is arranged in a spliced manner along the axis of the bottom surface of the rainwater collecting ditch. The blind pipe for promoting seepage and waterlogging is provided with a gap. The gap is located above the diversion shaft and is used to collect all the waterlogging. The water in the blind pipe for promoting seepage and drainage is drained into the diversion shaft;
雨水沿所述地布表面汇流至所述集雨沟内的同时渗入至所述垄内有机物料填充层中，所述有机物料填充层利用渗入的雨水发酵形成可吸收物质供果树浅层根系吸收，所述保水促渗有机发酵填充体利用所述集雨沟内的雨水发酵形成 可吸收物质供果树中层以及深层根系吸收，所述集雨沟内多余的水分通过所述促渗排涝盲管流入所述导流竖井内，通过所述导流竖井将多余水分补充至深层土壤水库。Rainwater flows along the surface of the ground cloth into the rain collecting ditch and at the same time penetrates into the organic material filling layer in the ridge. The organic material filling layer uses the infiltrated rainwater to ferment to form absorbable substances for the shallow roots of the fruit trees to absorb. , the water-retaining and penetration-promoting organic fermentation filler utilizes the fermentation of rainwater in the rain collecting ditch to form absorbable substances for absorption by the middle layer and deep roots of the fruit trees, and the excess water in the rain collecting ditch flows into the blind tube for promoting penetration and drainage. In the diversion shaft, excess water is replenished to the deep soil reservoir through the diversion shaft.
一些实施方式中，所述垄起的高度差为10～15cm，所述垄起的宽度为80～120cm。In some embodiments, the height difference of the ridges is 10-15 cm, and the width of the ridges is 80-120 cm.
一些实施方式中，所述集雨沟距果树行的距离为60～100cm，所述集雨沟的深度为30～50cm，宽度为15～30cm。In some embodiments, the distance between the rain collecting ditch and the row of fruit trees is 60-100 cm, the depth of the rain collecting ditch is 30-50 cm, and the width is 15-30 cm.
一些实施方式中，所述促渗排涝盲管包括第一半管和第二半管，所述第一半管与所述第二半管通过上下拼合的方式一体成型为筒状结构，所述第一半管为带有孔隙的管体，所述孔隙用于使雨水流入所述促渗排涝盲管内，所述第二半管为无孔隙管体，所述第二半管设有缺口，所述第二半管嵌于所述集雨沟的沟底上，所述第一半管的外表面与所述基底层接触；In some embodiments, the blind pipe for promoting penetration and drainage includes a first half pipe and a second half pipe, and the first half pipe and the second half pipe are integrally formed into a cylindrical structure by being joined up and down, and the The first half pipe is a pipe body with pores, and the pores are used to allow rainwater to flow into the blind pipe for promoting seepage and drainage. The second half pipe is a pipe body without pores, and the second half pipe is provided with a gap. The second half pipe is embedded in the bottom of the rain collecting ditch, and the outer surface of the first half pipe is in contact with the base layer;
所述集雨沟内的雨水通过所述孔隙流入所述促渗排涝盲管的腔体中并通过所述缺口将多余的雨水流至所述导流竖井内。The rainwater in the rainwater collecting ditch flows into the cavity of the blind pipe for promoting seepage and drainage through the pores, and excess rainwater flows into the diversion shaft through the gap.
一些实施方式中，所述促渗排涝盲管通过以下方法制备：将黏土和果树枝生物炭混合形成混合基体，取混合基体的一部分与木屑或草屑混合均匀后，喷洒适量硅溶胶并搅拌模压成所述第一半管的坯体，取混合基体的另一部分经搅拌模压成所述第二半管的坯体，将所述第一半管的坯体与所述第二半管的坯体用黏土粘合成中空式坯体后，阴干后并经高温烧制形成所述促渗排涝盲管。In some embodiments, the seepage-promoting blind pipe is prepared by the following method: clay and fruit branch biochar are mixed to form a mixed matrix, a part of the mixed matrix is mixed evenly with sawdust or grass clippings, and then an appropriate amount of silica sol is sprayed and stirred and molded. The green body of the first half-pipe is formed, and another part of the mixed matrix is stirred and molded to form the green body of the second half-pipe, and the green body of the first half-pipe and the green body of the second half-pipe are After the body is bonded with clay to form a hollow body, it is dried in the shade and fired at high temperature to form the seepage-promoting and drainage blind pipe.
一些实施方式中，所述第一半管的孔隙率为50％～80％，所述孔隙的平均直径为10～100μm。In some embodiments, the porosity of the first half-tube is 50% to 80%, and the average diameter of the pores is 10 to 100 μm.
一些实施方式中，还包括间作子***，所述间作子***是通过于所述浅层入渗子***之间以条播或撒播的方式种植有益间作物形成，所述有益间作物为小麦、油菜、大豆、芥菜、苜蓿、野豌豆、辣椒或茴香。In some embodiments, an intercropping subsystem is also included. The intercropping subsystem is formed by planting beneficial intercrops in a drill or broadcast manner between the shallow infiltration subsystems. The beneficial intercrops are wheat and rapeseed. , soybeans, mustard greens, alfalfa, vetches, peppers or fennel.
本发明还提供了一种果园智能补灌***，采用所述的果园降水集蓄促渗保墒增碳***，还包括土壤墒情监测子***、控制子***以及灌溉子***；The invention also provides an intelligent supplementary irrigation system for an orchard, which adopts the orchard precipitation collection, promotion, infiltration, moisture conservation, and carbonization system, and also includes a soil moisture monitoring subsystem, a control subsystem, and an irrigation subsystem;
所述土壤墒情检测子***包括数据采集器和土壤水分传感器，所述土壤水分传感器布设于所述集雨沟内壁向果树方向延伸预设距离的土壤内，所述土壤水分传感器采集果树根部土壤墒情信息并传递给所述数据采集器；The soil moisture detection subsystem includes a data collector and a soil moisture sensor. The soil moisture sensor is arranged in the soil extending a preset distance from the inner wall of the rain collecting ditch toward the direction of the fruit tree. The soil moisture sensor collects soil moisture at the roots of the fruit tree. information and pass it to the data collector;
所述控制子***包数据转换装置，所述数据转换装置根据所述数据采集器采集的果树根部土壤墒情信息、果树的目标产量、果树各生育期的需水规律以及多年月平均降雨情况确定不同生育期的灌溉次数、灌水定额和灌溉定额；The control subsystem includes a data conversion device. The data conversion device determines different parameters based on the soil moisture information at the roots of the fruit trees collected by the data collector, the target yield of the fruit trees, the water demand patterns of the fruit trees in each growth period, and the average monthly rainfall over many years. The number of irrigations, irrigation quotas and irrigation quotas during the growth period;
所述灌溉子***包括水泵、管路以及滴灌管，所述水泵根据所述控制子***的指令进行工作，所述水泵通过所述管路与所述滴灌管连通，所述滴灌管设置于所述集雨沟的内壁上并位于所述集雨沟的沟口。The irrigation subsystem includes a water pump, a pipeline and a drip irrigation pipe. The water pump works according to the instructions of the control subsystem. The water pump is connected to the drip irrigation pipe through the pipeline. The drip irrigation pipe is arranged on the On the inner wall of the rain collecting ditch and located at the mouth of the rain collecting ditch.
一些实施方式中，所述土壤水分传感器沿所述集雨沟的深度方向上下间隔设置有多层。In some embodiments, the soil moisture sensor is provided with multiple layers spaced up and down along the depth direction of the rainwater collecting ditch.
一些实施方式中，所述土壤墒情检测子***还包括太阳能电池板,所述太阳能电池板为所述数据采集器和所述土壤水分传感器提供电能。In some embodiments, the soil moisture detection subsystem further includes a solar panel, which provides electrical energy for the data collector and the soil moisture sensor.
一些实施方式中，所述数据采集器采集到果树根区土壤含水量低于田间水量60％时，所述控制子***控制所述灌溉子***进行灌溉，所述数据采集器采集到果树根区土壤含水量高于80％时，所述灌溉子***停止作业。In some embodiments, when the data collector collects that the soil moisture content in the root zone of the fruit tree is lower than 60% of the field water, the control subsystem controls the irrigation subsystem to irrigate, and the data collector collects that the soil moisture content in the root zone of the fruit tree is lower than 60% of the field water content. When the soil moisture content is higher than 80%, the irrigation subsystem stops operating.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下的有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1、本发明实现了雨季果园果树行内降水汇聚-蓄积-浅层入渗-深层入渗-再分配的全根域转化利用，同时通过填充于果树浅层根区以及中深层根区的农业废弃物资源的缓慢腐解发酵作用，提高了果树根系范围内土壤含水率和有机质含量，大幅改善土壤的蓄水保墒性能。1. The present invention realizes the conversion and utilization of the entire root zone of precipitation in the rows of fruit trees in orchards during the rainy season - accumulation - shallow infiltration - deep infiltration - redistribution, and simultaneously fills the agricultural waste in the shallow root zone and mid-deep root zone of fruit trees. The slow decomposition and fermentation of material resources increases the soil moisture content and organic matter content within the root system of fruit trees, and greatly improves the water storage and moisture conservation performance of the soil.
2、本发明通过垄内有机物料填充层和两侧的位于集雨沟内的保水促渗有机发酵填充体，对果园根区形成了П形保水增碳保护罩，在水肥协同作用下，实现了浅层与深层根区土壤蓄水保墒、土壤增温、土壤结构调优改良和快速增碳培肥效果，而且有机物料的缓慢腐解可为果树根部持续提供水肥，节能降耗的同时，减少了化肥对土壤的污染。2. The present invention forms a П-shaped water-retaining and carbon-increasing protective cover for the orchard root zone through the organic material filling layer in the ridge and the water-retaining and seepage-promoting organic fermentation filling bodies located in the rain collecting ditch on both sides. Under the synergistic effect of water and fertilizer, the invention can achieve It achieves the effects of soil water storage and moisture conservation in shallow and deep root zones, soil warming, soil structure optimization and improvement, and rapid carbonization and fertilization. In addition, the slow decomposition of organic materials can continuously provide water and fertilizer for the roots of fruit trees, saving energy and reducing consumption. Reduces soil pollution from chemical fertilizers.
3、本发明通过有机材料烧结形成促渗排涝盲管，避免了对土壤的污染，节能环保。3. The present invention forms blind pipes that promote seepage and drain water by sintering organic materials, thereby avoiding soil pollution, saving energy and protecting the environment.
4、本发明于果树行间种植有益作物，于***中增加有益间作子***，提高果园行的经济效益的同时，避免果园行内的水土的沙化，减小水分的散失。4. The present invention plants beneficial crops between rows of fruit trees and adds beneficial intercropping subsystems to the system, thereby improving the economic benefits of the orchard rows while avoiding desertification of water and soil in the orchard rows and reducing water loss.
5、本发明本实施例形成的果园智能补罐***，以雨水资源高效转化的降水集蓄促渗与深层导流***为基础平台，采用双行坑口覆盖浅埋式智能补灌***进行果树根区水分生境适时精准调控，实现果园降水资源与灌溉水资源的优化协同，即实现了雨季果园果树行内降水汇聚-蓄积—浅层入渗—深层入渗—再分配的全根区转化利用，又实现了干旱水分亏缺季节果树根区水分生境适时精准调控。5. The orchard intelligent refilling system formed by this embodiment of the present invention is based on the precipitation collection and penetration promotion and deep diversion system that efficiently converts rainwater resources, and adopts a double-row pit mouth covering shallow-buried intelligent re-irrigation system to carry out fruit tree root replenishment. Timely and precise regulation of the water habitat in the area achieves optimal synergy between orchard precipitation resources and irrigation water resources, that is, the entire root zone conversion and utilization of precipitation accumulation-accumulation-shallow infiltration-deep infiltration-redistribution within the rows of orchard fruit trees in the rainy season is realized, and It achieves timely and precise control of the water habitat in the root zone of fruit trees during drought and water deficit seasons.
附图说明Description of the drawings
通过阅读参照以下附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述，本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显：Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of the non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
图1为本发明果园降水集蓄促渗保墒增碳***整体结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the orchard precipitation collection, penetration promotion, moisture conservation, and carbonization system of the present invention;
图2为本发明果园降水集蓄促渗保墒增碳***中每行果树泡面图；Figure 2 is a diagram of instant noodles for each row of fruit trees in the orchard precipitation collection, penetration promotion, moisture conservation, and carbonization system of the present invention;
图3为本发明促渗排涝盲管结构示意图；Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a blind pipe for promoting penetration and drainage of waterlogging according to the present invention;
图4为本发明集雨沟的结构示意图；Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a rainwater collecting ditch according to the present invention;
图5为本发明果园智能补灌***的部分结构示意图；Figure 5 is a partial structural diagram of the orchard intelligent supplementary irrigation system of the present invention;
图6为本发明实验数据对比示意图。Figure 6 is a schematic diagram comparing experimental data of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明，但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是，对本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变化和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. The following examples will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several changes and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
实施例1：Example 1:
本实施例提供了一种果园降水集蓄促渗保墒增碳方法，如图1-6所示，包括如下步骤：This embodiment provides a method for collecting orchard precipitation, promoting infiltration, preserving moisture, and increasing carbon, as shown in Figure 1-6, including the following steps:
S1，进行土地平整，确定果树行两侧的集雨沟201的挖掘位置。每侧的集雨沟201距离果树行的距离控制在60～100cm之间，苹果、梨等深根性果树开沟距离一般为80～100cm，葡萄、猕猴桃等浅根性果树开沟距离一般为60～80cm。S1, perform land leveling and determine the excavation positions of the rainwater collection ditches 201 on both sides of the fruit tree rows. The distance between the rainwater collecting ditch 201 on each side and the row of fruit trees is controlled between 60 and 100cm. The ditching distance for deep-rooted fruit trees such as apples and pears is generally 80-100cm. The ditching distance for shallow-rooted fruit trees such as grapes and kiwis is generally 60-100cm. 80cm.
S2，铺设垄内有机物料填充层：在果树行两侧预设的集雨沟201之间的土地上铺设3～10cm厚的有机类物质，有机类物质为秸秆粉碎物、树枝粉碎物、 锯末、药渣中的一种或多种物质混合体，之后于有机类物质上均匀喷洒1％-2％的石灰水溶液后晾置0.5小时，再经暴晒消毒处理3～5小时，最后喷洒混合菌液形成垄内有机物料填充层103。其所述混合菌液组分重量份配比为：地衣芽孢杆菌15～20份，米曲霉菌30～45份，凝结芽孢杆菌5～10份。通过混合菌液使得有机类物质吸收一定水分后进行发酵腐解，提高土壤蓄水保墒性能的同时，为果树浅层根系缓慢提供水肥。S2, lay the organic material filling layer in the ridge: lay 3 to 10cm thick organic materials on the land between the preset rainwater collection ditches 201 on both sides of the fruit tree rows. The organic materials include crushed straw, crushed branches, and sawdust. , one or more substance mixtures in the medicinal residue, and then evenly spray 1%-2% lime water solution on the organic matter and leave it to dry for 0.5 hours, and then undergo exposure and disinfection for 3 to 5 hours, and finally spray the mixed bacteria The liquid forms the organic material filling layer 103 in the ridge. The weight ratio of the mixed bacterial liquid components is: 15 to 20 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 30 to 45 parts of Aspergillus oryzae, and 5 to 10 parts of Bacillus coagulans. By mixing the bacterial solution, the organic matter absorbs a certain amount of water and then undergoes fermentation and decomposition, which not only improves the water storage and moisture conservation performance of the soil, but also slowly provides water and fertilizer to the shallow roots of fruit trees.
S3，开设集雨沟：利用机引式开沟机在步骤S1中确定的位置挖掘开沟，形成30～50cm深、15～25cm宽的集雨沟201，并对集雨沟201的沟底进行夯实处理，使得集雨沟201的沟底具有较佳的防渗作用。每行果树行两侧分别形成一条相互平行的集雨沟201，优选的，每行果树行的轴线与其两侧的集雨沟201的轴线相平行，且每行果树行两侧的集雨沟201相对于中间的果树行的轴线对称设置。将挖掘的土方翻放于垄内有机物料填充层103上待用。集雨沟的分布、开沟直线度、开沟机抛落土块的均匀分布应满足当地农艺要求，沟形应完整、沟壁应整齐平滑，作业过程中机械不能有漏油等污染环境的现象发生。S3, open a rain collecting ditch: Use a machine-driven trenching machine to excavate a trench at the location determined in step S1 to form a rain collecting ditch 201 of 30 to 50 cm deep and 15 to 25 cm wide, and inspect the bottom of the rain collecting ditch 201. The compaction process is performed so that the bottom of the rain collecting ditch 201 has a better anti-seepage effect. Each row of fruit trees forms a parallel rain collecting ditch 201 on both sides. Preferably, the axis of each fruit tree row is parallel to the axis of the rain collecting ditch 201 on both sides, and the rain collecting ditches on both sides of each row of fruit trees are 201 is arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis of the middle row of fruit trees. The excavated earth is turned over on the organic material filling layer 103 in the ridge for later use. The distribution of rainwater collecting ditches, the straightness of the ditching, and the even distribution of soil thrown by the trenching machine should meet local agronomic requirements. The ditch shape should be complete and the ditch walls should be neat and smooth. During the operation, the machinery should not cause oil leakage or other environmental pollution. phenomenon occurs.
S4，挖掘导流竖井：自集雨沟201的沟底向下挖掘形成桶状结构的导流竖井302，每条集雨沟201内间隔设置多个所述导流竖井302，导流竖井302用于将多余的水分补充至果园土壤深层水库。优选的，每颗果树的两侧均形成有导流竖井302，且每颗果树两侧的导流竖井302中心点的连线垂直于果树行，使得每颗果树位于两侧的导流竖经302中间点上且导流竖井302与果树的主根系距离最近。优选的，导流竖井302为深30～50cm、直径10～15cm的桶状结构。在极端大雨量情境下，集雨沟201内的蓄水能力超过自身承载阈值时，超出的 部分进入导流竖井302内，进而通过导流竖井302将多余水分导入深层土壤中以补充深层土壤水库，提高土壤的蓄水保墒性能。S4, dig diversion shafts: Dig diversion shafts 302 from the bottom of the rain collecting ditch 201 downward to form a barrel-shaped structure. A plurality of the diversion shafts 302 are arranged at intervals in each rain collecting ditch 201. The diversion shafts 302 Used to replenish excess water to deep reservoirs in orchard soil. Preferably, diversion shafts 302 are formed on both sides of each fruit tree, and the line connecting the center points of the diversion shafts 302 on both sides of each fruit tree is perpendicular to the fruit tree row, so that each fruit tree is located in the diversion vertical path on both sides. 302 at the middle point and the distance between the diversion shaft 302 and the main root system of the fruit tree is closest. Preferably, the diversion shaft 302 is a barrel-shaped structure with a depth of 30 to 50 cm and a diameter of 10 to 15 cm. In an extremely heavy rainfall situation, when the water storage capacity in the rain collecting ditch 201 exceeds its own carrying threshold, the excess water enters the diversion shaft 302, and then the excess water is introduced into the deep soil through the diversion shaft 302 to replenish the deep soil reservoir. , improve the water storage and moisture conservation performance of the soil.
S5，填充发酵填料：在导流竖井302内填充发酵填料303，发酵填料303为喷洒有混合菌液的成捆果树枝条或成捆玉米秸秆。相应的，其所述混合菌液组分重量份配比为：地衣芽孢杆菌15～20份，米曲霉菌30～45份，凝结芽孢杆菌5～10份。通过混合菌液使得有机类物质吸收一定水分后进行发酵腐解，减缓水分进入深层土壤深层水库的速率，提高土壤蓄水保墒的性能的同时，通过发酵腐解形成有机物质，为果树深层根系提供水肥。S5, filling the fermentation filler: Fill the diversion shaft 302 with the fermentation filler 303. The fermentation filler 303 is bundles of fruit tree branches or bundles of corn stalks sprayed with mixed bacterial liquid. Correspondingly, the weight ratio of the mixed bacterial liquid components is: 15 to 20 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 30 to 45 parts of Aspergillus oryzae, and 5 to 10 parts of Bacillus coagulans. By mixing the bacterial solution, the organic matter absorbs a certain amount of water and undergoes fermentation and decomposition, which slows down the rate of water entering the deep soil reservoir and improves the performance of soil water storage and moisture conservation. At the same time, organic matter is formed through fermentation and decomposition to provide the deep root system of fruit trees with water. Water and fertilizer.
S6，安装促渗排涝盲管：在每条集雨沟201内以拼接方式安装促渗排涝盲管301，其促渗排涝盲管301为中空筒体，由两个截面均为半圆的半管对接形成，两个半管分别记为第一半管3011和第二半管3012，第一半管3011为带有孔隙的管体，第二半管3012为无孔隙的管体，第一半管3011与第二半管3012对接并一体成型后形成一半带有孔隙一半无孔隙的促渗排涝盲管301。安装时，第二半管3012嵌入集雨沟201的沟底中，第一半管3011位于集雨沟201的沟底表面之上，另外，促渗排涝盲管301还设有缺口3013，沿集雨沟201的轴线拼接为一条管系后，缺口3013位于导流竖井302的开口之上，用于将通过孔隙进入促渗排涝盲管301管体内的水排至导流竖井302内，进而通过导流竖井302将水渗透至果园土壤的深层水库中。其第一半管3011的孔隙率优选为50％～80％，其第一半管3011的孔隙平均直径为10～100μm。S6, install blind tubes for promoting seepage and waterlogging: Install blind tubes 301 for promoting seepage and waterlogging in each rainwater collecting ditch 201 in a splicing manner. The blind tubes 301 for promoting seepage and waterlogging are hollow cylinders, consisting of two half-pipes with semicircular cross-sections. The two half-pipes are formed by butt jointing, and are respectively recorded as the first half-pipe 3011 and the second half-pipe 3012. The first half-pipe 3011 is a pipe body with pores, the second half-pipe 3012 is a pipe body without pores, and the first half-pipe 3011 is a pipe body without pores. The pipe 3011 and the second half pipe 3012 are butt-joined and integrally formed to form a seepage-promoting and drainage blind pipe 301 that is half with pores and half without pores. During installation, the second half pipe 3012 is embedded in the bottom of the rain collecting ditch 201, and the first half pipe 3011 is located above the bottom surface of the rain collecting ditch 201. In addition, the blind pipe 301 for promoting seepage and drainage is also provided with a gap 3013, along which After the axis of the rain collecting ditch 201 is spliced into a pipe system, the gap 3013 is located above the opening of the diversion shaft 302, which is used to drain the water that enters the seepage-promoting and drainage blind pipe 301 through the pores into the diversion shaft 302, and then Water is infiltrated through the diversion shaft 302 into a deep reservoir of orchard soil. The porosity of the first half pipe 3011 is preferably 50% to 80%, and the average diameter of the pores of the first half pipe 3011 is 10 to 100 μm.
S7，铺设保水促渗有机发酵填充体：在每条集雨沟201内铺设保水促渗有机发酵填充体202，保水促渗有机发酵填充体202包括自下而上依次层叠设置的 基底层2021、有机肥层2022、药渣锯末秸秆混合层2023、果园土层2024以及秸秆层2025，所述基底层2021置于所述集雨沟201的沟底上，促渗排涝盲管301位于基底层2021下方。其中：S7, lay the water-retaining and penetration-promoting organic fermentation filling body: lay the water-retaining and penetration-promoting organic fermentation filling body 202 in each rainwater collecting ditch 201. The water-retaining and penetration-promoting organic fermentation filling body 202 includes a base layer 2021, Organic fertilizer layer 2022, medicinal residue sawdust and straw mixed layer 2023, orchard soil layer 2024 and straw layer 2025, the base layer 2021 is placed on the bottom of the rain collecting ditch 201, and the blind tube 301 for promoting seepage and drainage is located on the base layer 2021 below. in:
基底层2021以果树枝条为骨架，于果树枝条上填充锯末、药渣、干畜禽粪便和大蒜-大葱废弃秸秆-叶子混合体后，喷洒1％～2％的石灰水溶液并晾置0.5小时左右，再喷洒混合菌液形成。相应的，其所述混合菌液组分重量份配比为：地衣芽孢杆菌15～20份，米曲霉菌30～45份，凝结芽孢杆菌5～10份。通过混合菌液使得有机类物质吸收一定水分后进行发酵腐解，提高土壤蓄水保墒的性能，同时通过发酵腐解形成有机物质，为果树中层以及深层根系提供水肥。优选的，基底层2021中锯末、药渣、干畜禽粪便和大蒜-大葱废弃秸秆-叶子混合体得体积比例为4:2:3:1。The base layer 2021 uses fruit tree branches as the skeleton. After filling the fruit tree branches with a mixture of sawdust, medicinal residue, dried livestock and poultry manure and garlic-green onion waste straw-leaves, spray 1% to 2% lime water solution and let it dry for about 0.5 hours. , and then spray the mixed bacterial solution to form. Correspondingly, the weight ratio of the mixed bacterial liquid components is: 15 to 20 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 30 to 45 parts of Aspergillus oryzae, and 5 to 10 parts of Bacillus coagulans. By mixing the bacterial solution, the organic matter absorbs a certain amount of water and undergoes fermentation and decomposition to improve the soil's water storage and moisture conservation performance. At the same time, organic matter is formed through fermentation and decomposition to provide water and fertilizer for the middle and deep root systems of fruit trees. Preferably, the volume ratio of sawdust, medicinal residue, dried livestock and poultry manure and garlic-scallion waste straw-leaf mixture in the base layer 2021 is 4:2:3:1.
药渣锯末秸秆混合层2023是将药渣、锯末和秸秆的混合物均匀喷洒1％～2％的石灰水溶液并晾置0.5小时后，再均匀喷洒混合菌液形成，同样的，其所述混合菌液组分重量份配比为：地衣芽孢杆菌15～20份，米曲霉菌30～45份，凝结芽孢杆菌5～10份。通过混合菌液使得有机类物质吸收一定水分后进行发酵腐解，提高土壤蓄水保墒的性能，同时通过发酵腐解形成有机物质，为果树中层以及深层根系提供水肥。The medicine residue, sawdust and straw mixed layer 2023 is formed by evenly spraying a mixture of medicine residue, sawdust and straw with 1% to 2% lime water solution and leaving it to dry for 0.5 hours, and then evenly spraying the mixed bacterial solution. Similarly, the mixed bacteria The weight ratio of the liquid components is: 15 to 20 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 30 to 45 parts of Aspergillus oryzae, and 5 to 10 parts of Bacillus coagulans. By mixing the bacterial solution, the organic matter absorbs a certain amount of water and undergoes fermentation and decomposition to improve the soil's water storage and moisture conservation performance. At the same time, organic matter is formed through fermentation and decomposition to provide water and fertilizer for the middle and deep root systems of fruit trees.
基底层2021的主要作用是作为位于基底层之上的有机物填充层和促渗排涝盲管之间的缓冲带，其使用果树枝条能够使得孔隙较大，能够有效防止小颗粒物质堵塞促渗排涝盲管301上的孔隙而导致的多余水分无法进入导流竖井302内的问题。而基底层2021中加入大蒜-大葱废弃秸秆-叶子混合体能够有效防治 病虫害，可有效杀害混合体及果树根区土壤中的一些细菌，减少果树植株土传病害的发生。干畜禽粪便优选采用碳氮比较小的鸡粪、猪粪等。另外，果园土层2024具有良好的保温效应以及减少水分挥发的效应，而设置于果园土层2024之上的秸秆层2025能够进一步减少水分的蒸发。The main function of the base layer 2021 is to serve as a buffer zone between the organic filling layer located above the base layer and the blind pipes that promote seepage and drainage. The use of fruit tree branches can make the pores larger and effectively prevent small particles from clogging the blind pipes that promote seepage and drainage. The problem is that the excess moisture caused by the pores on the pipe 301 cannot enter the diversion shaft 302. The addition of garlic-green onion waste straw-leaf mixture to the base layer 2021 can effectively prevent and control pests and diseases. It can effectively kill some bacteria in the mixture and the soil in the root zone of fruit trees, and reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases in fruit trees. Dry livestock and poultry manure is preferably chicken manure, pig manure, etc. with a small carbon-nitrogen ratio. In addition, the orchard soil layer 2024 has a good thermal insulation effect and an effect of reducing water evaporation, and the straw layer 2025 provided above the orchard soil layer 2024 can further reduce water evaporation.
通过保水促渗有机发酵填充体，能够对进入集雨沟内的水分进行入渗拦蓄储存，并通过发酵腐解效应形成可吸收的小分子物质和矿质元素，有利于极端降水情景下的根层保水和深层排涝补给深层土壤水库，提高了果树根系范围内土壤含水量和有机质含量。By retaining water and promoting infiltration, the organic fermentation filler can infiltrate and store the water entering the rainwater collection ditch, and form absorbable small molecular substances and mineral elements through the fermentation and decomposition effect, which is beneficial to the root layer under extreme precipitation scenarios. Water retention and deep drainage recharge deep soil reservoirs, increasing soil moisture and organic matter content within the root system of fruit trees.
S8，铺设垄起：沿果树行方向，以树干为中线，将步骤S2挖掘集雨沟201翻放的土方覆盖于垄内有机物料填充层103上并起垄，形成中间高两边低的呈开张的⌒状的垄起102。垄起102的垄面高差为10cm～15cm，垄面宽80～120cm，其垄面起好后，用铁锹细碎土块、平整垄面、拍实垄面，形成所需起垄微型集雨面。S8, lay ridges: Along the row direction of the fruit trees, with the tree trunk as the center line, cover the soil turned over by digging the rainwater collection ditch 201 in step S2 on the organic material filling layer 103 in the ridges and form ridges, forming an open structure with a high center and low sides. ⌒-shaped ridges102. The height difference of the ridge surface of the ridge 102 is 10cm ~ 15cm, and the ridge surface width is 80 ~ 120cm. After the ridge surface is raised, use a shovel to finely break the soil, smooth the ridge surface, and compact the ridge surface to form the required ridged micro rain collection noodle.
S9，覆盖地布：选择晴天无露水地表相对干燥的时段，在垄起102形成的微型集雨面上覆盖黑色园艺透气的地布101。地布101覆盖时，需要拉紧、拉直、无皱纹且紧贴垄面，位于垄起102中央的地布边缘以衔接为度，并用PE地布钉锚定，位于垄起102两侧的地布101的边沿进入集雨沟201的沟内并与内壁贴紧，然后用PE地布钉锚定。地布101通过其自身的透气透水性能使得部分降雨渗透补充果树浅层根域水分需求，且有助于垄内有机物料填充层103中有机类物质的缓慢腐解，使浅层土壤快速培肥，同时可有效抑制杂草、抑蒸保墒以及提高地温的作用。一般，单次降雨量小于1.5cm时，雨水主要通过地布101渗 入垄起102以及垄内有机物料填充层103中，当单次降雨量大于等于1.5cm时，可在集雨面上形成地表径流，进而汇聚入集雨沟201内贮存，促进集雨沟内填充的有机物料的短期好氧发酵、兼性厌氧发酵以及漫长的厌氧发酵过程，促进了集雨沟内有机填充体的肥料化和果树根区有机碳的提升。S9, covering the ground cloth: Choose a period of relatively dry sunny days without dew on the ground surface, and cover the micro rainwater collection surface formed by the ridges 102 with a black horticultural and breathable ground cloth 101. When covering the ground cloth 101, it needs to be tightened, straightened, wrinkle-free and close to the ridge surface. The edges of the ground cloth located in the center of the ridge 102 are connected to each other and anchored with PE ground cloth nails. The edges of the ground cloth located on both sides of the ridge 102 are The edge of the ground cloth 101 enters the ditch of the rain collecting ditch 201 and is closely attached to the inner wall, and is then anchored with PE ground cloth nails. The ground cloth 101 uses its own air and water permeability to allow partial rainfall penetration to supplement the water needs of the shallow root zone of the fruit trees, and contributes to the slow decomposition of organic matter in the organic material filling layer 103 in the ridge, allowing the shallow soil to be quickly fertilized. , at the same time, it can effectively suppress weeds, suppress steam, protect moisture, and increase ground temperature. Generally, when a single rainfall is less than 1.5cm, rainwater mainly penetrates into the ridges 102 and the organic material filling layer 103 in the ridges through the ground cloth 101. When a single rainfall is greater than or equal to 1.5cm, a surface can be formed on the rainwater collection surface. The runoff is then collected and stored in the rain collecting ditch 201, which promotes the short-term aerobic fermentation, facultative anaerobic fermentation and long anaerobic fermentation process of the organic materials filled in the rain collecting ditch, and promotes the organic filler in the rain collecting ditch. Fertilization and enhancement of organic carbon in the root zone of fruit trees.
通过上述步骤，本发明实现了雨季果园果树行内降水汇聚-蓄积-浅层入渗-深层入渗-再分配的全根域转化利用，同时通过填充于果树浅层根区以及中深层根区的农业废弃物资源的缓慢腐解发酵作用，不仅提高了果树根系范围内土壤含水率和有机质含量，大幅改善土壤的蓄水保墒性能，而且垄内有机物料填充层、保水促渗有机发酵填充体以及发酵填料可在较长一段时间内为果树根部持续提供水肥，一般在3年左右无需施加化学肥料，节能降耗的同时，减少了化肥对土壤的污染。Through the above steps, the present invention realizes the conversion and utilization of the entire root zone of precipitation in the rows of fruit trees in orchards during the rainy season, including accumulation, storage, shallow infiltration, deep infiltration and redistribution. The slow decomposition and fermentation of agricultural waste resources not only increases the soil moisture content and organic matter content within the root system of fruit trees, and greatly improves the water storage and moisture conservation performance of the soil, but also the organic material filling layer in the ridge, the water-retaining and penetration-promoting organic fermentation filling body and Fermented filler can continuously provide water and fertilizer for the roots of fruit trees for a long period of time. Generally, there is no need to apply chemical fertilizers for about 3 years. It saves energy and consumption while reducing the pollution of chemical fertilizers to the soil.
黄土高塬沟壑区是我国传统旱作农业的典型代表区，根据本技术方案的方法进行了相应实验。技术试验地属于典型的黄土高原丘陵沟壑区,位于陕西延安市宝塔区河庄萍镇万庄村山地果园(36°11′～37°09′N，109°21′～110°03′E)，属干旱半干旱气候带，年均降雨量在500mm左右，年均气温值为9℃，无霜期在170～186d之间。实验方案设置了处理组和采用当地农户常规种植方法的对照组，处理组和对照组各设置了三个重复。通过分别在处理组和对照组的三个重复全年土壤水储量、有机质含量和苹果含量情况的测定发现，相比当地农户常规种植方法，采用本发明技术方案可以实现土壤水储量、土壤有机质含量和苹果产量的协同提升，参见图6。The loess plateau gully area is a typical representative area of traditional dry farming in my country. Corresponding experiments were conducted based on the method of this technical plan. The technical test site is a typical hilly and ravine area of the Loess Plateau, located in the mountain orchard of Wanzhuang Village, Hezhuangping Town, Baota District, Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province (36°11′～37°09′N, 109°21′～110°03′E). It belongs to an arid and semi-arid climate zone, with an average annual rainfall of about 500mm, an average annual temperature of 9°C, and a frost-free period of 170 to 186 days. The experimental plan set up a treatment group and a control group using the conventional planting methods of local farmers. The treatment group and the control group were each set up with three replications. Through three repeated annual soil water storage, organic matter content and apple content measurements in the treatment group and the control group, it was found that compared with the conventional planting methods of local farmers, the technical solution of the present invention can achieve soil water storage, soil organic matter content and apple production, see Figure 6.
实施例2：Example 2:
本实施例2是在实施例1的基础上形成，于果树行间种植有益作物，提高果园行的经济效益的同时，避免果园行内的水土的沙化，减小水分的散失。具体地：This Embodiment 2 is formed on the basis of Embodiment 1. Beneficial crops are planted between the rows of fruit trees to improve the economic benefits of the orchard rows and at the same time avoid the desertification of water and soil in the orchard rows and reduce the loss of water. specifically:
如图1-6所示，有益间作物主要是于果树行间种植有益作物700，具体的是位于相邻的两条集雨沟201之间以条播或撒播的方式种植有益间作物700，有益间作物700为小麦、油菜、大豆、芥菜、苜蓿、野豌豆、辣椒或茴香等。有益间作物播种深度，根据不同间作物有所不同，如：小麦一般为3.0～5.0cm；油菜1.0～2.0cm；大豆3.0～4.0cm；芥菜0.5～1.0cm；苜蓿2.0～2.5cm；野豌豆3.5～4.0cm；辣椒1.0～1.5cm；茴香4.0～5.0cm。As shown in Figure 1-6, beneficial intercrops are mainly planted between rows of fruit trees 700. Specifically, beneficial intercrops 700 are planted between two adjacent rainwater collection ditches 201 by drilling or broadcasting. Intercrop 700 is wheat, rape, soybean, mustard, alfalfa, vetch, pepper or fennel, etc. The sowing depth of beneficial intercrops varies according to different intercrops, such as: wheat is generally 3.0~5.0cm; rapeseed 1.0~2.0cm; soybeans 3.0~4.0cm; mustard 0.5~1.0cm; alfalfa 2.0~2.5cm; vetch 3.5～4.0cm; pepper 1.0～1.5cm; fennel 4.0～5.0cm.
实施例3：Example 3:
本实施例3是在实施例1或实施例2的基础上形成的一种果园降水集蓄促渗保墒增碳***，如图1-6所示，包括浅层入渗子***100、集蓄促渗子***200以及深层导流子***300。浅层入渗子***100包括地布101、垄起102以及垄内有机物料填充层103。垄起102沿果树行方向并以树干为中线，形成中间高两边低的弧状结构，坡度平缓，垄起102的垄面高度差为10～15cm，宽度为80～120cm，经平整、压实后形成所需起垄微型集雨面。地布101为透气园艺地布，覆盖于垄起102上表面。垄内有机物料填充层103设置于垄起102下方，是在平整好的土地上铺设5cm左右厚度的有机类物质，其有机类物质为秸秆粉碎物、树枝粉碎物、锯末、药渣等单一物质或多种物质的混合物，通过均匀喷洒1～2％的石灰水溶液，晾置0.5小时左右，再于晴天进行暴晒消毒处理3～5小时，最后均匀喷洒混合菌液形成。其所述混合菌液组分重量份配比为：地衣芽孢杆菌 15～20份，米曲霉菌30-45份，凝结芽孢杆菌5～10份。This Embodiment 3 is an orchard precipitation collection and storage system formed on the basis of Embodiment 1 or 2 to promote infiltration, preserve moisture, and increase carbonization. As shown in Figures 1-6, it includes a shallow infiltration subsystem 100, a collection and storage system, and a shallow infiltration subsystem 100. Penetration promotion subsystem 200 and deep flow diversion subsystem 300. The shallow infiltration subsystem 100 includes a ground cloth 101, a ridge 102, and an organic material filling layer 103 in the ridge. The ridges 102 are along the direction of the rows of fruit trees with the trunk as the center line, forming an arc-shaped structure with a high middle and low sides. The slope is gentle. The height difference of the ridges 102 is 10-15cm and the width is 80-120cm. After smoothing and compacting Form the required ridged micro rain collecting surface. The ground cloth 101 is a breathable gardening ground cloth covering the upper surface of the ridge 102 . The organic material filling layer 103 in the ridge is arranged below the ridge 102. It is an organic material with a thickness of about 5cm laid on the flat land. The organic material is a single substance such as straw crushing matter, branch crushing matter, sawdust, medicine residue, etc. Or a mixture of multiple substances, it is formed by evenly spraying 1 to 2% lime water solution, leaving it to dry for about 0.5 hours, and then performing exposure and disinfection treatment on a sunny day for 3 to 5 hours, and finally spraying the mixed bacterial solution evenly. The weight ratio of the mixed bacterial liquid components is: 15-20 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 30-45 parts of Aspergillus oryzae, and 5-10 parts of Bacillus coagulans.
集蓄促渗子***200包括集雨沟201和保水促渗有机发酵填充体202，保水促渗有机发酵填充体202填充于集雨沟201内。集雨沟201是利用机引式开沟机在距离每行果树行60～100cm处开设的深度40cm、宽20cm的矩形沟渠，集雨沟201的沟底进行夯实处理，使其具有良好的防渗作用。每行果树行的两侧设有一条集雨沟201，优选的，每行果树行两侧的两条集雨沟201对称设置，地布101的边缘延伸至集雨沟201内侧并紧贴后，通过PE地布钉锚定。集雨沟201距离果树行的距离主要根据果树根系的深度不同而定，例如对于苹果、梨等深根性果树，集雨沟201距离果树行的距离一般为80～100cm，对于葡萄、猕猴桃等浅根性果树，集雨沟201距离果树行的距离一般为60～80cm。保水促渗有机发酵填充体202包括自下而上依次层叠设置的基底层2021、有机肥层2022、药渣锯末秸秆混合层2023、果园土层2024以及秸秆层2025，其基底层2021与集雨沟201的沟底面相贴合接触。基底层2021包括骨架以及填充于骨架上的有机发酵填充体，其骨架优选以果树枝条形成并铺设于集雨沟201的沟底上，有机发酵填充体主要由锯末、药渣、干畜禽粪便和大蒜-大葱废弃秸秆-叶子混合体形成的混合物，于混合物上喷洒1-2％石灰水溶液，晾置半小时左右，再均匀喷洒混合菌液后形成基底层2021。其中，混合菌液的成分与配比与垄内有机物料填充层103中的混合菌液相同。进一步的，基底层2021的填充物中，锯末-药渣-干畜禽粪便和大蒜-大葱废弃秸秆-叶子混合体的比例优选为4:2:3:1。The storage and infiltration promoting subsystem 200 includes a rain collecting ditch 201 and a water retaining and infiltration promoting organic fermentation filling body 202. The water retaining and infiltration promoting organic fermentation filling body 202 is filled in the rain collecting ditch 201. The rain collecting ditch 201 is a rectangular ditch with a depth of 40cm and a width of 20cm opened 60 to 100cm away from each row of fruit trees using a machine-driven trenching machine. The bottom of the rain collecting ditch 201 is compacted to make it have good waterproofing. Osmosis effect. There is a rain collecting ditch 201 on both sides of each row of fruit trees. Preferably, the two rain collecting ditches 201 on both sides of each row of fruit trees are arranged symmetrically. The edge of the ground cloth 101 extends to the inside of the rain collecting ditch 201 and is close to the back. , anchored by PE ground cloth nails. The distance between the rainwater collecting ditch 201 and the fruit tree rows mainly depends on the depth of the fruit tree roots. For example, for deep-rooted fruit trees such as apples and pears, the distance between the rainwater collecting ditch 201 and the fruit tree rows is generally 80 to 100cm. For shallow-rooted fruit trees such as grapes and kiwis, For root-type fruit trees, the distance between the rainwater collecting ditch 201 and the row of fruit trees is generally 60-80cm. The water-retaining and seepage-promoting organic fermentation filling body 202 includes a base layer 2021, an organic fertilizer layer 2022, a medicine residue sawdust and straw mixed layer 2023, an orchard soil layer 2024 and a straw layer 2025 that are stacked in sequence from bottom to top. The base layer 2021 is related to rainwater collection. The groove bottom surfaces of the groove 201 are in close contact with each other. The base layer 2021 includes a skeleton and an organic fermentation filler filled on the skeleton. The skeleton is preferably formed of fruit tree branches and laid on the bottom of the rain collecting ditch 201. The organic fermentation filler is mainly made of sawdust, medicinal residues, and dried livestock and poultry manure. Spray 1-2% lime aqueous solution on the mixture with garlic-scallion waste straw-leaf mixture, leave it to dry for about half an hour, and then evenly spray the mixed bacterial solution to form a basal layer 2021. The composition and proportion of the mixed bacterial liquid are the same as those in the organic material filling layer 103 in the ridge. Further, in the filler of the base layer 2021, the ratio of sawdust-drug residue-dried livestock and poultry manure and garlic-scallion waste straw-leaf mixture is preferably 4:2:3:1.
深层导流子***300包括促渗排涝盲管301和导流竖井302。促渗排涝盲管301为中空的圆筒形结构，由两个截面均为半圆的半管对接形成，两个半管分别 记为第一半管3011和第二半管3012，第一半管3011为带有孔隙30110的管体，第二半管3012为无孔隙的管体，第一半管3011与第二半管3012一体成型后形成一半带有孔隙一半无孔隙的促渗排涝盲管301。促渗排涝盲管301嵌于集雨沟201的沟底并通过拼接的方式连接，基底层2021覆盖于促渗排涝盲管301上，第一半管3011与基底层2021的下表面相接触，第二半管3012与集雨沟201的沟底表面接触，集雨沟201内的多余液体通过第一半管3011上的孔隙30110流入促渗排涝盲管301内。另外，促渗排涝盲管301的第二半管3012上设有缺口3013，拼接于集雨沟201的沟底上的促渗排涝盲管301的缺口3013位于导流竖井302的上方，用于将多余液体自促渗排涝盲管301中流入导流竖井302内。导流竖井302自集雨沟201的沟底向下挖掘形成深度为40cm、直径为10cm的桶状竖井，每条集雨沟201内均设置有多个导流竖井302，多个导流竖井302间隔设置。优选的，每颗果树的两侧均形成有导流竖井302，且每颗果树两侧的导流竖井302中心点的连线垂直于果树行，使得每颗果树位于两侧的导流竖经302中间点上且导流竖井302与果树的主根系距离最近。进一步地，于导流井302内填充有发酵填料303，发酵填料303为喷洒有混合菌液的捆绑式果树枝条或秸秆，其混合菌液的成分与配比与垄内有机物料填充层103内的混合菌液相同。The deep diversion subsystem 300 includes a blind pipe 301 for promoting seepage and drainage and a diversion shaft 302. The seepage-promoting and drainage blind pipe 301 is a hollow cylindrical structure, which is formed by the butt jointing of two half-pipes with semicircular cross-sections. The two half-pipes are respectively recorded as the first half-pipe 3011 and the second half-pipe 3012. The first half-pipe 3011 is a pipe body with pores 30110, and the second half pipe 3012 is a pipe body without pores. The first half pipe 3011 and the second half pipe 3012 are integrally formed to form a seepage-promoting and drainage blind pipe that is half with pores and half without pores. 301. The seepage-promoting and waterlogging blind pipe 301 is embedded in the bottom of the rain collecting ditch 201 and connected by splicing. The base layer 2021 covers the seepage-promoting and waterlogging blind pipe 301. The first half pipe 3011 is in contact with the lower surface of the base layer 2021. The second half pipe 3012 is in contact with the bottom surface of the rain collecting ditch 201, and the excess liquid in the rain collecting ditch 201 flows into the seepage-promoting and drainage dead pipe 301 through the pores 30110 on the first half pipe 3011. In addition, the second half pipe 3012 of the blind pipe 301 for promoting seepage and waterlogging is provided with a notch 3013. The notch 3013 of the blind pipe 301 for promoting seepage and waterlogging spliced to the bottom of the rain collecting ditch 201 is located above the diversion shaft 302, for The excess liquid flows from the blind pipe 301 into the diversion shaft 302. The diversion shaft 302 is dug downward from the bottom of the rain collecting ditch 201 to form a barrel-shaped shaft with a depth of 40cm and a diameter of 10cm. Multiple diversion shafts 302 are provided in each rain collecting ditch 201. The plurality of diversion shafts are 302 interval setting. Preferably, diversion shafts 302 are formed on both sides of each fruit tree, and the line connecting the center points of the diversion shafts 302 on both sides of each fruit tree is perpendicular to the fruit tree row, so that each fruit tree is located in the diversion vertical path on both sides. 302 at the middle point and the distance between the diversion shaft 302 and the main root system of the fruit tree is closest. Further, the diversion well 302 is filled with fermentation filler 303. The fermentation filler 303 is a bundled fruit tree branch or straw sprayed with a mixed bacterial liquid. The composition and proportion of the mixed bacterial liquid are the same as those in the organic material filling layer 103 in the ridge. The mixed bacterial liquid is the same.
本发明的工作原理为：当单次降雨量小于1.5cm时，降于地布101雨水大部分通过渗透的方式进入垄起102，进而在渗入垄内有机物料填充层103中，使得部分降雨渗透补充果树浅层根域水分需求，且有助于垄内有机物料填充层103中有机类物质的缓慢腐解，使浅层土壤快速培肥，少部分通过垄起102形成的弧面结构而流入集雨沟201内，位于集雨沟201内的保水促渗有机发酵填充体 202可对降水进行入渗拦蓄储存，有利于根层保水，此时，位于果园土层2025下的有机填充体的缓慢发酵，形成可吸收的小分子物质和矿质元素易被果树深层根系吸收；当单次降雨量大于等于1.5cm时，降于地布101上的雨水大部分通过径流的方式分别流入位于垄起102两侧的集雨沟201内进行储存，此时，汇聚入集雨沟201内的雨水通过保水促渗有机发酵填充体202得以贮存，同时贮存的雨水能够有效促进保水促渗有机发酵填充体202的有机物料的短期好氧发酵、兼性厌氧发酵以及漫长的厌氧发酵过程，促进了集雨沟内有机填充体的肥料化和果树根区有机碳的提升。在极端大雨量降水情况下，汇聚入集雨沟201内的雨水通过促渗排涝盲管301的孔隙进入其腔体内，并经缺口3013流入导流竖井302内，通过导流竖井302将多余水分补给深层土壤水库，实现集雨沟201内多余水分的深层排涝。The working principle of the present invention is: when a single rainfall is less than 1.5cm, most of the rainwater falling on the ground cloth 101 enters the ridge 102 through penetration, and then penetrates into the organic material filling layer 103 in the ridge, causing part of the rainfall to penetrate It supplements the water demand in the shallow root zone of fruit trees, and helps the slow decomposition of organic matter in the organic material filling layer 103 in the ridge, so that the shallow soil can be quickly fertilized, and a small amount flows in through the arc structure formed by the ridge 102 In the rain collecting ditch 201, the water-retaining and infiltration-promoting organic fermentation filling body 202 located in the rain collecting ditch 201 can infiltrate and store precipitation, which is conducive to water retention in the root layer. At this time, the organic filling body located under the orchard soil layer 2025 Slowly ferments to form absorbable small molecular substances and mineral elements that are easily absorbed by the deep roots of fruit trees; when a single rainfall is greater than or equal to 1.5cm, most of the rainwater falling on the ground cloth 101 flows into the ridges through runoff. 102 is stored in the rainwater collecting ditches 201 on both sides. At this time, the rainwater collected in the rainwater collecting ditch 201 is stored by the water-retaining and penetration-promoting organic fermentation filler 202. At the same time, the stored rainwater can effectively promote the water-retention and penetration-promoting organic fermentation filler. The short-term aerobic fermentation, facultative anaerobic fermentation and long anaerobic fermentation process of 202 organic materials promote the fertilization of the organic filler in the rainwater collection ditch and the increase of organic carbon in the root zone of fruit trees. In the case of extremely heavy rainfall, the rainwater collected in the rain collecting ditch 201 enters its cavity through the pores of the blind pipe 301 for promoting seepage and drainage, and flows into the diversion shaft 302 through the gap 3013. The excess water is discharged through the diversion shaft 302. Replenish the deep soil reservoir and realize deep drainage of excess water in the rain collecting ditch 201.
本发明以浅层入渗、集蓄促渗以及深层导流***为基础平台，实现了雨季果园果树行内降水汇聚-蓄积-浅层入渗-深层入渗-再分配的全根区转化利用，同时极端降雨条件下，又能实现集雨沟内多余水分深层排涝，从而补给深层土壤水库，实现了雨水资源高效转换，另外，通过垄内有机物料填充层和两侧的位于集雨沟内的保水促渗有机发酵填充体，对果园根区形成了“П”形保水增碳保护罩，在水肥协同作用下，实现了浅层与中深层根区土壤蓄水保墒、土壤增温、土壤结构调优改良和快速增碳培肥效果。This invention uses shallow infiltration, accumulation and infiltration promotion and deep diversion systems as the basic platform to realize the transformation and utilization of the entire root zone of precipitation in the rows of fruit trees in orchards during the rainy season - accumulation - shallow infiltration - deep infiltration - redistribution. At the same time, under extreme rainfall conditions, the excess water in the rain collecting ditch can be deeply drained, thereby replenishing the deep soil reservoir and realizing efficient conversion of rainwater resources. In addition, through the organic material filling layer in the ridge and the two sides of the rain collecting ditch. The organic fermentation filler that retains water and promotes penetration forms a "П"-shaped protective cover for retaining water and increasing carbon in the orchard root zone. Under the synergistic effect of water and fertilizer, it achieves soil water storage and moisture conservation, soil warming, and soil structure improvement in the shallow and medium-deep root zones. Tuning, improvement and rapid carbonization and fertilization effects.
实施例4：Example 4:
本实施例4是在是实施例3的基础上形成，优化促渗排涝盲管的制备工艺，通过有机材料烧结形成促渗排涝盲管，避免了对土壤的污染，节能环保。具体 地：This Embodiment 4 is formed on the basis of Embodiment 3, optimizing the preparation process of the seepage-promoting and waterlogging blind pipe, and forming the seepage-promoting and waterlogging blind pipe through sintering of organic materials, thereby avoiding soil pollution, saving energy and environmental protection. specifically:
如图1-6所示，促渗排涝盲管301通过以下方法制备而成：将黏土和果树枝生物炭混合形成混合基体，取混合基体的一部分与木屑或草屑混合均匀后，喷洒适量硅溶胶并搅拌模压成第一半管3011的坯体，取混合基体的另一部分经搅拌模压成第二半管3012的坯体，将第一半管3011的坯体与第二半管3012的坯体用黏土粘合成中空式坯体后阴干，再经高温烧制后形成促渗排涝盲管301。通过有机物料烧制形成的促渗排涝盲管301至于土壤中以后，不会对土壤造成污染，节能环保。As shown in Figure 1-6, the seepage-promoting blind pipe 301 is prepared by the following method: mix clay and fruit branch biochar to form a mixed matrix, take a part of the mixed matrix and mix it evenly with sawdust or grass clippings, and then spray an appropriate amount of silicon Sol, stir and mold to form a green body of the first half pipe 3011, take another part of the mixed matrix and stir and mold to form a green body of the second half pipe 3012, combine the green body of the first half pipe 3011 with the green body of the second half pipe 3012 The body is bonded with clay to form a hollow body, dried in the shade, and then fired at high temperature to form a seepage-promoting and drainage blind pipe 301. The seepage-promoting and drainage blind pipe 301 formed by burning organic materials will not cause pollution to the soil after being placed in the soil, and is energy-saving and environmentally friendly.
实施例5：Example 5:
本实施例5是在实施3或实施例4基础上形成的一种果园智能补罐***，采用实施例3或实施例4所述的果园降水集蓄促渗保墒增碳***，如图1-6所示，还包括土壤墒情监测子***、控制子***以及灌溉子***。This Embodiment 5 is an intelligent orchard tank replenishing system formed on the basis of Embodiment 3 or 4, using the orchard precipitation collection, infiltration, moisture conservation, and carbonization system described in Embodiment 3 or 4, as shown in Figure 1- As shown in 6, it also includes soil moisture monitoring subsystem, control subsystem and irrigation subsystem.
土壤墒情监测子***用于实时监测果园内果树根区土壤墒情参数，并将土壤墒情参数通过信号传导给控制子***。土壤墒情监测子***主要包括数据采集器400和土壤水分传感器500，土壤水分传感器500布设于集雨沟201内壁向果树方向10～15cm处，用于采集土壤墒情并通过信号连接传递给数据采集器400，数据采集器400将收集到的土壤墒情信息通过信号传导给控制子***。优选的，土壤水分传感器500沿集雨沟201的深度方向上下设置有多层，特别优选的，呈上中下三层设置，上层深度为15～25cm,中层深度为35～45cm，下层深度为55～65cm，如其深度可分别为20cm、40cm和60cm三个不同的深度，可有效覆盖果树根系的主要分布区域，获取更为准确的土壤墒情参数。The soil moisture monitoring subsystem is used to monitor soil moisture parameters in the root zone of fruit trees in the orchard in real time, and transmit the soil moisture parameters to the control subsystem through signals. The soil moisture monitoring subsystem mainly includes a data collector 400 and a soil moisture sensor 500. The soil moisture sensor 500 is arranged on the inner wall of the rain collecting ditch 201 at a distance of 10 to 15 cm in the direction of the fruit trees. It is used to collect soil moisture and transmit it to the data collector through a signal connection. 400. The data collector 400 transmits the collected soil moisture information to the control subsystem through signals. Preferably, the soil moisture sensor 500 is arranged in multiple layers up and down along the depth direction of the rain collecting ditch 201. Particularly preferably, it is arranged in three layers: upper, middle and lower. The depth of the upper layer is 15-25cm, the depth of the middle layer is 35-45cm, and the depth of the lower layer is 55~65cm, if its depth can be three different depths of 20cm, 40cm and 60cm respectively, it can effectively cover the main distribution area of fruit tree roots and obtain more accurate soil moisture parameters.
控制子***包括数据转换装置，数据转换装置根据数据采集器400传送的土壤墒情参数、果树的目标产量、果树各生育期的需水规律以及多年月平均降雨情况确定不同生育期的灌溉次数、灌水定额和灌溉定额。The control subsystem includes a data conversion device. The data conversion device determines the number of irrigations and irrigation water in different growth periods based on the soil moisture parameters transmitted by the data collector 400, the target yield of the fruit tree, the water demand pattern of the fruit tree in each growth period, and the average monthly rainfall over many years. quotas and irrigation quotas.
灌溉子***包括水泵、管路以及滴灌管600，其管路包括输水总管和输水支管，水泵的进水口与水源相连，出水口与输水总管相连，且水泵的出水口与输水总管之间优选的依次安装有过滤器、水表、电磁阀门和压力表等，可实时监控并控制水泵的出水量，输水总管与输水支管通过三通等结构件相连，输水支管的出水口与滴灌管600通过旁通管或三通管相连，通过滴灌管600向集雨沟201内滴灌。滴灌管600的滴头间距根据果树的株距确定，滴灌管600布设在集雨沟201内壁上并紧邻其沟口处，覆盖于秸秆层2025下方，通过秸秆层2025减少滴灌管600滴灌时的水分蒸发效应，且由于无需将滴灌管600埋入果园土层2024较深的部位而方便维护与回收。水泵与控制子***500电连接，水泵根据控制子***500的指令向滴灌管600内泵入相应量的水分，进而通过滴灌管600将水分以滴灌的方式流入集雨沟201内The irrigation subsystem includes a water pump, pipelines and drip irrigation pipes 600. The pipelines include a water delivery main pipe and a water delivery branch pipe. The water inlet of the water pump is connected to the water source, the water outlet is connected to the water delivery main pipe, and the water outlet of the water pump is connected to the water delivery main pipe. Filters, water meters, electromagnetic valves and pressure gauges are preferably installed in sequence to monitor and control the water output of the water pump in real time. The main water delivery pipe and the water delivery branch pipes are connected through structural components such as tees, and the water outlets of the water delivery branch pipes It is connected to the drip irrigation pipe 600 through a bypass pipe or a tee pipe, and drip irrigation is carried out into the rain collecting ditch 201 through the drip irrigation pipe 600. The dripper spacing of the drip irrigation pipe 600 is determined according to the distance between the fruit trees. The drip irrigation pipe 600 is arranged on the inner wall of the rainwater collecting ditch 201 and adjacent to the ditch mouth, and is covered under the straw layer 2025. The straw layer 2025 reduces the water content of the drip irrigation pipe 600 during drip irrigation. Evaporation effect, and since there is no need to bury the drip irrigation pipe 600 in a deep part of the orchard soil layer 2024, maintenance and recycling are facilitated. The water pump is electrically connected to the control subsystem 500. The water pump pumps a corresponding amount of water into the drip irrigation pipe 600 according to the instructions of the control subsystem 500, and then flows the water into the rain collecting ditch 201 through the drip irrigation pipe 600 in the form of drip irrigation.
本实施例中的果园智能补罐***进行果树根区水分生境调控的方法具体为：通过土壤墒情监测子***获得果树根区的土壤墒情参数，并通过数据采集器400将果树根区的土壤墒情参数传导给控制子***，数据转换装置根据果树根区土壤墒情参数、果树的目标产量、果树各生育期的需水规律以及当地多年月平均降雨情况确定不同生育期的灌溉次数、灌溉定额和灌溉定额，进而由控制子***控制水泵适时的向集雨沟201内补充水分。当果树根区土壤墒情参数表征果树根区土壤含水量低于田间持水量的60％时，控制子***依据确定的果树不同 生育期的灌溉次数、灌水定额和灌溉定额控制水泵通过滴灌管600向集雨沟201内进行精准灌溉，当土壤墒情监测子***反馈的果树根区土壤含水量达到田间持水量的80％时，控制子***控制水泵停止工作。当地多年月平均降雨情况一般是指3-5年内的月平均降雨情况。The method of the orchard intelligent refilling system in this embodiment to regulate the water habitat in the root zone of the fruit tree is specifically: obtaining the soil moisture parameters in the root zone of the fruit tree through the soil moisture monitoring subsystem, and using the data collector 400 to obtain the soil moisture parameters in the root zone of the fruit tree. The parameters are transmitted to the control subsystem, and the data conversion device determines the number of irrigation times, irrigation quotas and irrigation in different growth periods based on the soil moisture parameters in the root zone of the fruit tree, the target yield of the fruit tree, the water demand pattern of the fruit tree in each growth period, and the local average monthly rainfall over many years. quota, and then the control subsystem controls the water pump to replenish water into the rain collecting ditch 201 in a timely manner. When the soil moisture parameter in the root zone of the fruit tree indicates that the soil moisture content in the root zone of the fruit tree is lower than 60% of the field water capacity, the control subsystem controls the water pump through the drip irrigation pipe 600 based on the determined irrigation times, irrigation quotas and irrigation quotas in different growth stages of the fruit tree. Precision irrigation is carried out in the rain collecting ditch 201. When the soil moisture content in the root zone of the fruit trees fed back by the soil moisture monitoring subsystem reaches 80% of the field water capacity, the control subsystem controls the water pump to stop working. The local multi-year average monthly rainfall generally refers to the average monthly rainfall within 3-5 years.
本实施例形成的果园智能补罐***，以雨水资源高效转化的降水集蓄促渗与深层导流***为基础平台，采用双行坑口覆盖浅埋式智能补灌***进行果树根区水分生境适时精准调控，实现果园降水资源与灌溉水资源的优化协同，即实现了雨季果园果树行内降水汇聚-蓄积-浅层入渗-深层入渗-再分配的全根区转化利用，又实现了干旱水分亏缺季节果树根区水分生境适时精准调控。The orchard intelligent refilling system formed in this embodiment is based on the precipitation collection and penetration promotion and deep diversion system that efficiently converts rainwater resources, and uses a double-row pit mouth covering shallow-buried intelligent refilling system to provide timely water habitat in the root zone of fruit trees. Precise control realizes the optimization and synergy of orchard precipitation resources and irrigation water resources, that is, the entire root zone conversion and utilization of precipitation within the rows of orchard fruit trees in the rainy season is realized - accumulation - shallow infiltration - deep infiltration - redistribution, and drought water is also realized Timely and precise control of the water habitat in the root zone of fruit trees during the deficit season.
优选的，还包括能源供给子***，能源供给子***为太阳能板，通过太阳能板为土壤墒情监控子***补充所需的电能，有效利用干旱地区太阳能资源充沛的特点，节能降耗。Preferably, it also includes an energy supply subsystem, which is a solar panel. The solar panel supplements the required electric energy for the soil moisture monitoring subsystem, effectively utilizing the characteristics of abundant solar energy resources in arid areas to save energy and reduce consumption.
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”“、下”“、前”“、后”“、左”“、右”“、竖直”“、水平”“、顶”“、底”“、内”“、外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", front, rear, left, right, vertical, horizontal, top The orientations or positional relationships indicated by ", bottom", "inner", "outside", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply the device referred to. Or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation and therefore are not to be construed as limitations on the application.
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是，本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式，本领域技术人员可以在权利要求的范围内做出各种变化或修改，这并不影响本发明的实质内容。在不冲突的情况下，本申请的实施例和实施例中的特征可以任意相互组合。Specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. Those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which does not affect the essence of the present invention. The embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.

Claims (16)

  1. 一种果园降水集蓄促渗保墒增碳方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：S1，进行土地平整，确定果树行两侧的集雨沟(201)的挖掘位置；A method for collecting precipitation in an orchard to promote infiltration, preserve moisture, and increase carbon, which is characterized by including the following steps: S1, leveling the land and determining the excavation positions of rainwater collection ditches (201) on both sides of the rows of fruit trees;
    S2，铺设垄内有机物料填充层：在果树行两侧预设的所述集雨沟(201)之间的土地上铺设3～10cm厚的有机类物质，并于有机类物质上均匀喷洒1％-2％的石灰水溶液后晾置0.5～1小时，再经暴晒消毒处理3～5小时，最后喷洒混合菌液形成垄内有机物料填充层(103)，所述垄内有机物料填充层(103)的有机类物质为秸秆粉碎物、树枝粉碎物、锯末、药渣中的一种或多种物质混合体；S2, lay the organic material filling layer in the ridge: lay 3 to 10cm thick organic material on the land between the preset rainwater collection ditches (201) on both sides of the fruit tree row, and evenly spray 1 hour on the organic material %-2% lime aqueous solution and then left to dry for 0.5 to 1 hour, and then exposed to the sun for 3 to 5 hours, and finally sprayed with the mixed bacterial solution to form an organic material filling layer (103) in the ridge, and the organic material filling layer in the ridge (103) The organic substances in 103) are one or more mixtures of crushed straw, crushed branches, sawdust, and medicinal residues;
    S3，开设集雨沟：利用机引式开沟机在步骤S1中确定的位置挖掘开沟，形成预设深度和宽度的所述集雨沟(201)，对所述集雨沟(201)的沟底进行夯实处理，将挖掘的土方翻放于所述垄内有机物料填充层(103)上，每行果树行两侧分别形成一条相互平行的所述集雨沟(201)；S3. Open a rain collecting ditch: Use a machine-driven trenching machine to excavate a ditch at the position determined in step S1 to form the rain collecting ditch (201) with a preset depth and width. The rain collecting ditch (201) The bottom of the ditch is compacted, and the excavated earth is turned over on the organic material filling layer (103) in the ridge, and a mutually parallel rain collecting ditch (201) is formed on both sides of each row of fruit trees;
    S4，挖掘导流竖井：自所述集雨沟(201)的沟底向下挖掘形成桶状结构的导流竖井(302)，每条所述集雨沟(201)内间隔设置多个所述导流竖井(302)；S4. Digging a diversion shaft: Digging a diversion shaft (302) with a barrel-like structure downward from the bottom of the rain collecting ditch (201). A plurality of diversion shafts (302) are arranged at intervals in each rain collecting ditch (201). Describe the diversion shaft (302);
    S5，填充发酵填料：于所述导流竖井(302)内填充发酵填料(303)，所述发酵填料(303)为喷洒有混合菌液的成捆果树枝条或成捆玉米秸秆；S5, filling fermentation filler: Fill the diversion shaft (302) with fermentation filler (303), and the fermentation filler (303) is bundles of fruit tree branches or bundles of corn stalks sprayed with mixed bacterial liquid;
    S6，安装促渗排涝盲管：在每条所述集雨沟(201)内以拼接方式安装促渗排涝盲管(301)，所述促渗排涝盲管(301)为中空筒体，所述促渗排涝盲管(301)的部分管体嵌入所述集雨沟(201)的沟底中，所述促渗排涝盲管(301)与所述集雨沟(201)沟底接触的部分无孔隙，位于所述集雨沟(201)沟底表面之上的管体设有孔隙，所述促渗排涝盲管(301)设有缺口，所述缺口位于所述导流竖井(302)的开口 之上，用于将通过孔隙进入所述促渗排涝盲管(301)管体内的水排至所述导流竖井(302)内；S6, install blind tubes for promoting seepage and waterlogging: Install blind tubes (301) for promoting seepage and waterlogging in each rainwater collecting ditch (201) in a splicing manner. The blind tubes (301) for promoting seepage and waterlogging are hollow cylinders, so Part of the tube body of the blind pipe (301) for promoting seepage and waterlogging is embedded in the bottom of the rain collecting ditch (201). The blind pipe (301) for promoting seepage and waterlogging is in contact with the bottom of the rain collecting ditch (201). There are no pores in part. The pipe body located on the bottom surface of the rain collecting ditch (201) is provided with pores. The blind pipe (301) for promoting seepage and drainage is provided with a gap. The gap is located in the diversion shaft (302). ) above the opening, used to discharge the water entering the seepage-promoting blind pipe (301) through the pores into the diversion shaft (302);
    S7，铺设保水促渗有机发酵填充体：在每条集雨沟(201)内铺设保水促渗有机发酵填充体(202)，所述保水促渗有机发酵填充体(202)包括自下而上依次层叠设置的基底层(2021)、有机肥层(2022)、药渣锯末秸秆混合层(2023)、果园土层(2024)以及秸秆层(2025)，所述基底层(2021)置于所述集雨沟(201)的沟底上；S7, lay the water-retaining and penetration-promoting organic fermentation filling body: lay the water-retaining and penetration-promoting organic fermentation filling body (202) in each rainwater collecting ditch (201). The water-retaining and penetration-promoting organic fermentation filling body (202) includes bottom-up The base layer (2021), the organic fertilizer layer (2022), the medicine residue sawdust and straw mixed layer (2023), the orchard soil layer (2024) and the straw layer (2025) are stacked in sequence. The base layer (2021) is placed in the On the bottom of the rain collecting ditch (201);
    所述基底层(2021)以果树枝条为骨架，于果树枝条上填充锯末、药渣、干畜禽粪便和大蒜-大葱废弃秸秆-叶子混合体后，喷洒1％～2％的石灰水溶液并晾置预设时间，再喷洒混合菌液形成；The base layer (2021) uses fruit tree branches as the skeleton. After filling the fruit tree branches with sawdust, medicinal residue, dried livestock and poultry manure and garlic-green onion waste straw-leaf mixture, spray 1% to 2% lime water solution and let it dry. Set the preset time, and then spray the mixed bacterial solution to form;
    所述药渣锯末秸秆混合层(2023)是将药渣、锯末和秸秆的混合物均匀喷洒1％-2％的石灰水溶液并晾置预设时间后，再均匀喷洒混合菌液形成；The drug residue, sawdust and straw mixed layer (2023) is formed by evenly spraying a mixture of drug residue, sawdust and straw with 1%-2% lime aqueous solution and leaving it to dry for a preset time, and then evenly spraying the mixed bacterial solution;
    S8，铺设垄起：沿果树行方向，以树干为中线，将步骤S2挖掘所述集雨沟(201)翻放的土方覆盖于所述垄内有机物料填充层(103)上并起垄，形成中间高两边低的弧形垄起(102)；S8, lay ridges: Along the row direction of the fruit trees, with the tree trunk as the center line, cover the soil dug out of the rainwater collecting trench (201) in step S2 on the organic material filling layer (103) in the ridges and form ridges. Forming an arc-shaped ridge with a high middle and low sides (102);
    S9，覆盖地布：选择晴天无露水地表相对干燥的时段，在所述垄起(102)上覆盖地布(101)，所述垄起(102)两侧的所述地布(101)的边缘分别进入两侧的所述集雨沟(201)内并固定。S9. Covering with ground cloth: Choose a sunny day when the ground surface is relatively dry without dew, and cover the ridges (102) with ground cloth (101). The ground cloth (101) on both sides of the ridges (102) The edges enter the rain collecting ditches (201) on both sides respectively and are fixed.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的果园降水集蓄促渗保墒增碳方法，其特征在于，所述混合菌液组分重量份配比为：地衣芽孢杆菌15～20份，米曲霉菌30～45份，凝结芽孢杆菌5～10份，所述混合菌液用于有机类物质的消毒与发酵腐解。The orchard precipitation collection and accumulation method according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the mixed bacterial liquid components is: 15 to 20 parts of Bacillus licheniformis and 30 to 45 parts of Aspergillus oryzae. , 5 to 10 parts of Bacillus coagulans, and the mixed bacterial liquid is used for disinfection and fermentation of organic substances.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的果园降水集蓄促渗保墒增碳方法，其特征在于，步骤S4中，每颗果树的两侧均形成有所述导流竖井(302)，且每颗果树两侧的所述导流竖井(302)中心点的连线垂直于果树行。The orchard precipitation collecting and storing method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S4, the diversion shaft (302) is formed on both sides of each fruit tree, and the diversion shaft (302) is formed on both sides of each fruit tree. The line connecting the center points of the diversion shaft (302) is perpendicular to the row of fruit trees.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的果园降水集蓄促渗保墒增碳方法，其特征在于，步骤S7中，所述基底层(2021)中锯末、药渣、干畜禽粪便和大蒜-大葱废弃秸秆-叶子混合体的体积比例为4:2:3:1。The orchard precipitation collection and storage method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S7, sawdust, medicinal residue, dried livestock and poultry manure and garlic-scallion waste straw-in the base layer (2021) The volume ratio of the leaf mixture is 4:2:3:1.
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一所述的果园降水集蓄促渗保墒增碳方法，其特征在于，还包括步骤S10：于相邻的果树行之间以条播或撒播的方式种植有益间作物(700)，所述有益间作物(700)为小麦、油菜、大豆、芥菜、苜蓿、野豌豆、辣椒或茴香。The orchard precipitation collection method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized in that it also includes step S10: planting beneficial intercrops between adjacent fruit tree rows in a drill or broadcast manner ( 700), the beneficial intercrop (700) is wheat, rape, soybean, mustard, alfalfa, vetch, pepper or fennel.
  6. 一种果园降水集蓄促渗保墒增碳***，其特征在于，根据权利要求1-5任一所述的果园降水集蓄促渗保墒增碳方法形成，包括浅层入渗子***(100)、集蓄促渗子***(200)以及深层导流子***(300)；An orchard precipitation collection, promoting infiltration, preserving moisture, and carbonization increasing system, characterized in that it is formed according to the orchard precipitation collection, promoting infiltration, preserving moisture, and carbonization method described in any one of claims 1 to 5, and includes a shallow infiltration subsystem (100) , collection and penetration promoting subsystem (200) and deep diversion subsystem (300);
    所述浅层入渗子***(100)包括地布(101)、垄起(102)以及垄内有机物料填充层(103)，所述垄起(102)为沿树行方向，以树杆为中线形成的弧形垄起，所述垄起(102)覆盖于所述垄内有机物料填充层(103)之上，所述地布(101)覆盖于所述垄起(102)上；The shallow infiltration subsystem (100) includes ground cloth (101), ridges (102) and an organic material filling layer (103) in the ridges. The ridges (102) are along the tree row direction, with tree stems It is an arc-shaped ridge formed by the center line, the ridge (102) covers the organic material filling layer (103) in the ridge, and the ground cloth (101) covers the ridge (102);
    所述集蓄促渗子***(200)包括集雨沟(201)和保水促渗有机发酵填充体(202)，每一条果树行两侧分别设有一条所述集雨沟(201)，所述集雨沟(201)的沟底进行夯实处理，所述保水促渗有机发酵填充体(202)置于所述集雨沟(201)内，所述地布(101)的边缘延伸至所述集雨沟(201)的侧壁上并固定；The storage and penetration promoting subsystem (200) includes a rain collecting ditch (201) and a water retaining and penetration promoting organic fermentation filling body (202). Each fruit tree row is provided with one rain collecting ditch (201) on both sides, so The bottom of the rain collecting ditch (201) is compacted, the water retaining and penetration promoting organic fermentation filler (202) is placed in the rain collecting ditch (201), and the edge of the ground cloth (101) extends to On the side wall of the rainwater collecting ditch (201) and fixed;
    所述深层导流子***(300)包括促渗排涝盲管(301)和导流竖井(302)，所述导流竖井(302)自所述集雨沟(201)的底部表面向下挖掘形成筒型结构，所述导流竖井(302)为多个且间隔设置，所述促渗排涝盲管(301)以拼接方式沿所述集雨沟(201)的沟底面的轴线设置，所述促渗排涝盲管(301)设置有缺口(3011)，所述缺口位于所述导流竖井(302)上方并用于将所述促渗排涝盲管(301)内的水排至所述导流竖井(302)内；雨水沿所述地布(101)表面汇流至所述集雨沟(201)内的同时渗入至所述垄内有机物料填充层(103)中，所述有机物料填充层(103)利用渗入的雨水发酵形成可吸收物质供果树浅层根系吸收，所述保水促渗有机发酵填充体(202)利用所述集雨沟(201)内的雨水发酵形成可吸收物质供果树中层以及深层根系吸收，所述集雨沟(201)内多余的水分通过所述促渗排涝盲管(301)流入所述导流竖井(302)内，通过所述导流竖井(302)将多余水分补充至深层土壤水库。The deep diversion subsystem (300) includes a blind pipe (301) for promoting seepage and waterlogging and a diversion shaft (302). The diversion shaft (302) is dug downward from the bottom surface of the rainwater collecting ditch (201). A cylindrical structure is formed, the diversion shafts (302) are multiple and are arranged at intervals, and the blind tubes (301) for promoting seepage and waterlogging are arranged along the axis of the bottom surface of the rain collecting ditch (201) in a spliced manner, so The seepage-promoting and waterlogging blind pipe (301) is provided with a gap (3011), which is located above the diversion shaft (302) and is used to drain the water in the seepage-promoting and waterlogging blind pipe (301) to the guide shaft. The rainwater flows into the vertical shaft (302); rainwater flows along the surface of the ground cloth (101) into the rainwater collecting ditch (201) and at the same time penetrates into the organic material filling layer (103) in the ridge. The organic material filling The layer (103) utilizes the infiltrated rainwater to ferment to form absorbable substances for absorption by the shallow roots of the fruit trees. The water-retaining and penetration-promoting organic fermentation filler (202) utilizes the rainwater in the rainwater collection ditch (201) to ferment to form absorbable substances for absorption. The middle layer and deep root system of the fruit tree absorbs the excess water in the rain collecting ditch (201) and flows into the diversion shaft (302) through the blind tube (301) for promoting seepage and drainage. Replenish excess water to deep soil reservoirs.
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的果园降水集蓄促渗保墒增碳***，其特征在于，所述垄起(102)的高度差为10～15cm，所述垄起(102)的宽度为80～120cm。The orchard precipitation collecting and storing system according to claim 6, characterized in that the height difference of the ridges (102) is 10-15cm, and the width of the ridges (102) is 80-120cm. .
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的果园降水集蓄促渗保墒增碳***，其特征在于，所述集雨沟(201)距果树行的距离为60～100cm，所述集雨沟(201)的深度为30～50cm，宽度为15～30cm。The orchard precipitation collecting and storing system according to claim 6, characterized in that the distance between the rain collecting ditch (201) and the row of fruit trees is 60-100 cm, and the depth of the rain collecting ditch (201) is The length is 30~50cm and the width is 15~30cm.
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的果园降水集蓄促渗保墒增碳***，其特征在于，所述促渗排涝盲管(301)包括第一半管(3011)和第二半管(3012)，所述第一半管(3011)与所述第二半管(30112)通过上下拼合的方式一体成型为筒状结构，所述第一半管(3011)为带有孔隙(30110)的管体，所述孔隙(30110)用于使雨水流入所述促渗排涝盲管(301)内，所述第二半管(3012)为无孔隙管体，所述第二半管(3012)设有 缺口(3013)，所述第二半管(3012)嵌于所述集雨沟(201)的沟底上，所述第一半管(3011)的外表面与所述基底层(2021)接触；The orchard precipitation collecting and storing system according to claim 6, wherein the blind pipe (301) for promoting penetration and drainage includes a first half pipe (3011) and a second half pipe (3012). The first half pipe (3011) and the second half pipe (30112) are integrally formed into a cylindrical structure by being joined up and down. The first half pipe (3011) is a pipe body with pores (30110). The pores (30110) are used to allow rainwater to flow into the seepage-promoting and drainage blind pipe (301). The second half-pipe (3012) is a non-porous pipe body, and the second half-pipe (3012) is provided with a gap. (3013), the second half pipe (3012) is embedded in the bottom of the rain collecting ditch (201), and the outer surface of the first half pipe (3011) is in contact with the base layer (2021);
    所述集雨沟(301)内的雨水通过所述孔隙(30110)流入所述促渗排涝盲管(301)的腔体中并通过所述缺口(3013)将多余的雨水流至所述导流竖井(302)内。The rainwater in the rainwater collecting ditch (301) flows into the cavity of the blind pipe (301) through the pore (30110) and excess rainwater flows to the guide through the gap (3013). Inside the flow shaft (302).
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的果园降水集蓄促渗保墒增碳***，其特征在于，所述促渗排涝盲管(301)通过以下方法制备：将黏土和果树枝生物炭混合形成混合基体，取混合基体的一部分与木屑或草屑混合均匀后，喷洒适量硅溶胶并搅拌模压成所述第一半管(3011)的坯体，取混合基体的另一部分经搅拌模压成所述第二半管(3012)的坯体，将所述第一半管(3011)的坯体与所述第二半管(3012)的坯体用黏土粘合成中空式坯体后，阴干后并经高温烧制形成所述促渗排涝盲管(301)。The orchard precipitation collecting and storing system according to claim 9, characterized in that the blind tube (301) for promoting penetration and drainage is prepared by the following method: clay and fruit branch biochar are mixed to form a mixed matrix, and After a part of the mixed matrix is evenly mixed with sawdust or grass clippings, an appropriate amount of silica sol is sprayed and stir-molded to form the green body of the first half-pipe (3011). Another part of the mixed matrix is stir-molded to form the second half-pipe. (3012), the first half-pipe (3011) and the second half-pipe (3012) are bonded with clay to form a hollow body, dried in the shade and fired at high temperature The blind tube (301) for promoting penetration and drainage is formed.
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的果园降水集蓄促渗保墒增碳***，其特征在于，所述第一半管(3011)的孔隙率为50％～80％，所述孔隙的平均直径为10～100μm。The orchard precipitation collecting and storing system according to claim 10, characterized in that the porosity of the first half pipe (3011) is 50% to 80%, and the average diameter of the pores is 10% to 80%. 100μm.
  12. 根据权利要求6-11任一所述的果园降水集蓄促渗保墒增碳***，其特征在于，还包括间作子***，所述间作子***是通过于所述浅层入渗子***(100)之间以条播或撒播的方式种植有益间作物形成，所述有益间作物为小麦、油菜、大豆、芥菜、苜蓿、野豌豆、辣椒或茴香。The orchard precipitation collecting and storing system according to any one of claims 6 to 11, which is characterized in that it also includes an intercropping subsystem, and the intercropping subsystem is formed through the shallow infiltration subsystem (100 ) are formed by planting beneficial intercrops by drill or broadcast, and the beneficial intercrops are wheat, rape, soybean, mustard, alfalfa, vetch, pepper or fennel.
  13. 一种果园智能补灌***，其特征在于，采用如权利要求6-12任一所述的果园降水集蓄促渗保墒增碳***，还包括土壤墒情监测子***、控制子***以及灌溉子***；An intelligent supplementary irrigation system for orchards, which is characterized in that it adopts the orchard precipitation collection, penetration promotion, moisture conservation, and carbonization system as described in any one of claims 6 to 12, and also includes a soil moisture monitoring subsystem, a control subsystem, and an irrigation subsystem. ;
    所述土壤墒情检测子***包括数据采集器(400)和土壤水分传感器(500)，所述土壤水分传感器(500)布设于所述集雨沟(201)内壁向果树方向延伸预设距离的土壤内，所述土壤水分传感器(500)采集果树根部土壤墒情信息并传递给所述数据采集器(400)；The soil moisture detection subsystem includes a data collector (400) and a soil moisture sensor (500). The soil moisture sensor (500) is arranged on the soil extending a preset distance from the inner wall of the rain collecting ditch (201) toward the fruit tree. Within, the soil moisture sensor (500) collects soil moisture information at the roots of fruit trees and transmits it to the data collector (400);
    所述控制子***包数据转换装置，所述数据转换装置根据所述数据采集器(400)采集的果树根部土壤墒情信息、果树的目标产量、果树各生育期的需水规律以及多年月平均降雨情况确定不同生育期的灌溉次数、灌水定额和灌溉定额；The control subsystem includes a data conversion device. The data conversion device is based on the soil moisture information at the root of the fruit tree collected by the data collector (400), the target yield of the fruit tree, the water demand pattern of the fruit tree in each growth period, and the average monthly rainfall for many years. Determine the number of irrigations, irrigation quotas and irrigation quotas for different growth periods based on the situation;
    所述灌溉子***包括水泵、管路以及滴灌管(600)，所述水泵根据所述控制子***的指令进行工作，所述水泵通过所述管路与所述滴灌管(600)连通，所述滴灌管(600)设置于所述集雨沟(201)的内壁上并位于所述集雨沟(201)的沟口。The irrigation subsystem includes a water pump, a pipeline and a drip irrigation pipe (600). The water pump works according to the instructions of the control subsystem. The water pump is connected to the drip irrigation pipe (600) through the pipeline. The drip irrigation pipe (600) is arranged on the inner wall of the rain collecting ditch (201) and is located at the mouth of the rain collecting ditch (201).
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的果园智能补灌***，其特征在于，所述土壤水分传感器(500)沿所述集雨沟(201)的深度方向上下间隔设置有多层。The orchard intelligent supplementary irrigation system according to claim 13, characterized in that the soil moisture sensor (500) is provided with multiple layers spaced up and down along the depth direction of the rainwater collecting ditch (201).
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的果园智能补灌***，其特征在于，所述土壤墒情检测子***还包括太阳能电池板,所述太阳能电池板为所述数据采集器(400)和所述土壤水分传感器(500)提供电能。The orchard intelligent supplementary irrigation system according to claim 13, characterized in that the soil moisture detection subsystem further includes a solar panel, and the solar panel is the data collector (400) and the soil moisture sensor. (500) provides electrical energy.
  16. 根据权利要求13-15任一所述的果园智能补灌***，其特征在于，所述数据采集器(400)采集到果树根区土壤含水量低于田间水量60％时，所述控制子***控制所述灌溉子***进行灌溉，所述数据采集器(400)采集到果树根区土壤含水量高于80％时，所述灌溉子***停止作业。The orchard intelligent supplementary irrigation system according to any one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that when the data collector (400) collects that the soil moisture content in the root zone of the fruit tree is lower than 60% of the field water content, the control subsystem The irrigation subsystem is controlled to perform irrigation. When the data collector (400) collects that the soil moisture content in the root zone of the fruit tree is higher than 80%, the irrigation subsystem stops operation.
PCT/CN2022/143972 2022-04-06 2022-12-30 Orchard precipitation harvesting, permeation promotion, soil moisture conservation and carbon increase method and system, and orchard intelligent irrigation complementing system using system WO2023193490A1 (en)

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